,*APT] #f 
,CO-$UCATION ( ! ,SOCIAL ,CLASSES 

#aiacaiac 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FRANCISCO ,F]R] 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,JOSEPH ,MC,CABE 

,TEXT 3 

,!RE MU/ BE A CO-$UCATION ( ! DIFF]5T SOCIAL CLASSES AS WELL AS ( ! TWO SEXES4 ,I MI<T HAVE F\ND$ A S*OOL GIV+ LESSONS GRATUIT\SLY2 BUT A S*OOL = POOR *ILDR5 ONLY W\LD NOT BE A RATIONAL S*OOL1 S9CE1 IF !Y W]E NOT TAU<T SUBMISSION & CR$ULITY AS 9 ! OLD TYPE ( S*OOL1 !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 /RONGLY DISPOS$ TO REBEL1 & W\LD 9/9CTIVELY *]I% S5TIM5TS ( HATR$4 

,!RE IS NO ESCAPE FROM ! DILEMMA4 ,!RE IS NO MIDDLE T]M 9 ! S*OOL = ! DIS9H]IT$ CLASS ALONE2 Y\ HAVE EI!R A SY/EMATIC 9SI/5CE1 BY MEANS ( FALSE TEA*+1 ON ]ROR & IGNORANCE1 OR HATR$ ( ?OSE :O DOM9E] & EXPLOIT4 ,IT IS A DELICATE PO9T1 & NE$S /AT+ CLE>LY4 ,REBELLION AGA9/ OPPRESSION IS M]ELY A QUE/ION ( /ATICS1 ( EQUILIBRIUM4 ,BETWE5 ONE MAN & ANO!R :O >E P]FECTLY EQUAL1 AS IS SAID 9 ! IMMORTAL FIR/ CLAUSE ( ! FAM\S ,DECL>ATION ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION 70,M5 >E BORN & REMA9 FREE & EQUAL 9 RI<TS07 !RE CAN BE NO SOCIAL 9EQUALITY4 ,IF !RE IS SU* 9EQUALITY1 SOME WILL TYRANNIZE1 ! O!RS PROTE/ & HATE4 ,REBELLION IS A LEVEL+ T5D5CY1 & TO ?AT EXT5T NATURAL & RATIONAL1 H[EV] MU* IT MAY BE DISCR$IT$ BY JU/ICE & ITS EVIL COMPANIONS1 LAW & RELIGION4 

,I V5TURE TO SAY QUITE PLA9LY3 ! OPPRESS$ & ! EXPLOIT$ HAVE A RI<T TO REBEL1 BECAUSE !Y HAVE TO RECLAIM !IR RI<TS UNTIL !Y 5JOY !IR FULL %>E 9 ! COMMON PATRIMONY4 ,! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL1 H[EV]1 HAS TO DEAL ) *ILDR51 :OM IT PREP>ES BY 9/RUCTION = ! /ATE ( MANHOOD1 & IT MU/ NOT ANTICIPATE ! CRAV+S & HATR$S1 ! ADHESIONS & REBELLIONS1 :I* MAY BE FITT+ S5TIM5TS 9 ! ADULT4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 IT MU/ NOT SEEK TO GA!R FRUIT UNTIL IT HAS BE5 PRODUC$ BY CULTIVATION1 NOR MU/ IT ATTEMPT TO IMPLANT A S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY UNTIL IT HAS EQUIPP$ ! CONSCI5CE ) ! FUNDAM5TAL CONDITIONS ( SU* RESPONSIBILITY4 ,LET IT TEA* ! *ILDR5 TO BE M52 :5 !Y >E M51 !Y MAY DECL>E !MSELVES REBELS AGA9/ 9JU/ICE4 

,IT NE$S V]Y LITTLE REFLECTION TO SEE ?AT A S*OOL = RI* *ILDR5 ONLY CANNOT BE A RATIONAL S*OOL4 ,FROM ! V]Y NATURE ( ?+S IT WILL T5D TO 9SI/ ON ! MA9T5ANCE ( PRIVILEGE & ! SECUR+ ( !IR ADVANTAGES4 ,! ONLY S\ND & 5LI<T5$ =M ( S*OOL IS ?AT :I* CO-$UCATES ! POOR & ! RI*1 :I* BR+S ! ONE CLASS 9TO T\* ) ! O!R 9 ! 9NOC5T EQUALITY ( *ILDHOOD1 BY MEANS ( ! SY/EMATIC EQUALITY ( ! RATIONAL ,S*OOL4 

,) ?IS 5D 9 VIEW ,I DECID$ TO SECURE PUPILS ( EV]Y SOCIAL RANK & 9CLUDE ! M 9 A COMMON CLASS1 ADOPT+ A SY/EM ACCOMMODAT$ TO ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! P>5TS OR GU>DIANS ( ! *ILDR52 ,I W\LD NOT HAVE A FIX$ & 9V>IABLE FEE1 BUT A K9D ( SLID+ SCALE1 ) FREE LESSONS = SOME & DIFF]5T *>GES = O!RS4 ,I LAT] PUBLI%$ ! FOLL[+ >TICLE ON ! SUBJECT 9 ! ,BULLET9 7,MAY #a1 #a#i#e73-- 

,\R FRI5D ,D4,R4,C4 GAVE A LECTURE LA/ ,SUNDAY AT ! ,REPUBLICAN ,CLUB ON ! ,SUBJECT ( 0,MOD]N ,PA$AGOGY10 EXPLA9+ TO HIS AUDI5CE :AT WE MEAN BY MOD]N $UCATION & :AT ADVANTAGES SOCIETY MAY D]IVE FROM ,IT4 ,AS ,I ?9K ?AT ! SUBJECT IS ONE ( V]Y GREAT 9T]E/ & MO/ PROP] TO RECEIVE PUBLIC ATT5TION1 ,I (F] ! FOLL[+ REFLECTIONS & CONSID]ATIONS ON IT4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! LECTUR] WAS HAPPY 9 HIS EXPOSITION ( ! IDEAL1 BUT NOT 9 ! SUGGE/IONS HE MADE ) A VIEW TO REALIZ+ IT1 NOR 9 BR++ =W>D !E S*OOLS ( ,FRANCE & ,BELGIUM AS MODELS TO BE IMITAT$4 

,S5OR ,C41 9 FACT1 RELIES UPON ! ,/ATE1 UPON ,P>LIAM5T OR MUNICIPALITIES1 = ! BUILD+1 EQUIPM5T1 & MANAGEM5T ( S*OLA/IC 9/ITUTIONS4 ,?IS SEEMS TO ME A GREAT MI/AKE4 ,IF MOD]N PA$AGOGY MEANS AN EF=T T[>DS ! REALIZATION ( A NEW & MORE JU/ =M ( ,SOCIETY2 IF IT MEANS ?AT WE PROPOSE TO 9/RUCT ! RIS+ G5]ATION 9 ! CAUSES :I* HAVE BR\<T AB\T & MA9TA9 ! LACK ( SOCIAL EQUILIBRIUM2 IF IT MEANS ?AT WE >E ANXI\S TO PREP>E ! RACE = BETT] DAYS1 FREE+ IT FROM RELIGI\S FICTION & FROM ALL IDEA ( SUBMISSION TO AN 9EVITABLE SOCIOECONOMIC 9EQUALITY2 WE CANNOT 5TRU/ IT TO ! ,/ATE NOR TO O!R (FICIAL ORGANISMS :I* NECESS>ILY MA9TA9 EXI/+ PRIVILEGES & SUPPORT ! LAWS :I* AT PRES5T CONSECRATE ! EXPLOITATION ( ONE MAN BY ANO!R1 ! P]NICI\S S\RCE ( ! BY WOR/ ABUSES4 

,EVID5CE ( ! TRU? ( ?IS IS SO ABUNDANT ?AT ANY P]SON CAN OBTA9 IT BY VISIT+ ! FACTORIES & WORK%OPS & O!R C5T]S ( PAID WORK]S1 BY 9QUIR+ :AT IS ! MANN] ( LIFE ( ?OSE 9 ! HI<] & ?OSE 9 ! L[] SOCIAL RANK1 BY FREQU5T+ :AT >E CALL$ C\RTS ( JU/ICE1 & BY ASK+ ! PRISON]S 9 \R P5AL 9/ITUTIONS :AT W]E ! MOTIVES = !IR MISCONDUCT1 IF ALL ?IS DOES NOT SUFFICE TO PROVE ?AT ! ,/ATE FAVORS ?OSE :O >E 9 POSSESSION ( WEAL? & FR[NS ON ?OSE :O REBEL AGA9/ 9JU/ICE1 IT MAY BE USEFUL TO NOTICE :AT HAS HAPP5$ 9 ,BELGIUM4 ,H]E1 ACCORD+ TO ,S5OR ,C41 ! GOV]NM5T IS SO ATT5TIVE TO $UCATION & CONDUCTS IT SO EXCELL5TLY ?AT PRIVATE S*OOLS >E IMPOSSIBLE4 ,9 ! (FICIAL S*OOLS1 HE SAYS1 ! *ILDR5 ( ! RI* M+LE ) ! *ILDR5 ( ! POOR1 & ONE MAY AT TIMES SEE ! *ILD ( WEAL?Y P>5TS >M 9 >M ) A POOR & L[LY COMPANION4 ,IT IS TRUE1 ,I ADMIT1 ?AT *ILDR5 ( ALL CLASSES MAY ATT5D ! ,BELGIAN S*OOLS2 BUT ! 9/RUCTION ?AT IS GIV5 9 !M IS BAS$ ON ! SUPPOS$ ET]NAL NECESSITY = A DIVISION ( RI* & POOR1 & ON ! PR9CIPLE ?AT SOCIAL H>MONY CONSI/S 9 ! FULFILLM5T ( ! LAWS4 

,IT IS NATURAL 5\< ?AT ! MA/]S %\LD LIKE TO SEE ?IS K9D ( $UCATION GIV5 ON EV]Y SIDE4 ,IT IS A MEANS ( BR++ TO REASON ?OSE :O MI<T ONE DAY BE TEMPT$ TO REBEL4 ,NOT LONG AGO1 9 ,BRUSSELS & O!R ,BELGIAN T[NS1 ! SONS ( ! RI*1 >M$ & ORGANIZ$ 9 NATIONAL TROOPS1 %OT D[N ! SONS ( ! POOR :O W]E CLAIM+ UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 MY ACQUA9TANCE ) ! QUALITY ( ,BELGIAN $UCATION DIFF]S CONSID]ABLY FROM ?AT ( ! LECTUR]4 ,I HAVE BE=E ME V>I\S ISSUES ( A ,BELGIAN J\RNAL 7,L',EXPRESS DE ,LIEGE7 :I* DEVOTES AN >TICLE TO ! SUBJECT1 5TITL$ 0,! ,DE/RUCTION ( \R ,NATIONAL ,SY/EM ( ,$UCATION40 ,! FACTS GIV5 >E1 UN=TUNATELY1 V]Y SIMIL> TO ! FACTS AB\T $UCATION 9 ,SPA91 ?\< 9 ?IS C\NTRY !RE HAS BE5 A GREAT DEVELOPM5T ( $UCATION BY RELIGI\S ORD]S1 :I* IS1 AS EV]YBODY KN[S1 ! SY/EMATIZATION ( IGNORANCE4 ,9 F9E1 IT IS NOT = NO?+ ?AT A VIOL5TLY CL]ICAL GOV]NM5T RULES 9 ,BELGIUM4 

,AS TO ! MOD]N $UCATION :I* IS GIV5 9 ,FR5* S*OOLS1 WE MAY SAY ?AT NOT A S+LE ONE ( ! BOOKS US$ 9 !M S]VES ! PURPOSE ( A REALLY SECUL> $UCATION4 ,ON ! V]Y DAY 9 :I* ,S5OR ,C4 WAS LECTUR+ 9 ,GRACIA ! ,P>ISIAN J\RNAL ,L',ACTION PUBLI%$ AN >TICLE1 ) ! TITLE 0,H[ ,SECUL> ,MORALITY IS ,TAU<T10 9 REG>D TO ! BOOK ,RECUEIL DE MAXIMES ET ,P5SEES MORALES1 & QUOT$ FROM IT C]TA9 RIDICUL\SLY ANA*RONI/IC IDEAS :I* (F5D ! MO/ ELEM5T>Y COMMON S5SE4 

,WE %ALL BE ASK$1 :AT >E WE TO DO IF WE CANNOT RELY ON ! AID ( ! ,/ATE1 ( ,P>LIAM5T1 OR MUNICIPALITIES8 ,WE MU/ APPEAL TO ?OSE :OSE 9T]E/ IT IS TO BR+ AB\T A RE=M2 TO ! WORK]S1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 !N TO ! CULTIVAT$ & PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE :O *]I% S5TIM5TS ( JU/ICE4 ,!Y MAY NOT BE NUM]\S1 BUT !RE >E SU*4 ,I AM P]SONALLY ACQUA9T$ ) SEV]AL4 ,! LECTUR] COMPLA9$ ?AT ! CIVIC AU?ORITIES W]E SO DILATORY 9 GRANT+ ! RE=MS ?AT >E NE$$4 ,I FEEL SURE ?AT HE W\LD DO BETT] NOT TO WA/E HIS TIME ON !M1 BUT APPEAL DIRECTLY TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,! FIELD HAS BE5 WELL PREP>$4 ,LET HIM VISIT ! V>I\S WORK+ M5'S SOCIETIES1 ! ,REPUBLICAN ,FRAT]NITIES1 ! ,C5T]S ( ,9/RUCTION1 ! ,WORK]S' ,A!NAEUMS1 & ALL ! BODIES :I* >E WORK+ = RE=M1#a & LET HIM GIVE E> TO ! LANGUAGE ( TRU?1 ! EXHORTATIONS TO UNION & C\RAGE4 ,LET HIM OBS]VE ! ATT5TION GIV5 TO ! PROBLEM ( RATIONAL & SCI5TIFIC 9/RUCTION1 A K9D ( 9/RUCTION :I* %[S ! 9JU/ICE ( PRIVILEGE & ! POSSIBILITY ( RE=MS4 ,IF 9DIVIDUALS & SOCIETIES CONT9UE ?US TO COMB9E !IR 5DEAVORS TO SECURE ! EMANCIPATION ( ?OSE :O SUFF] --- = IT IS NOT ! WORK]S ONLY :O SUFF] --- ,S5OR ,C4 MAY RE/ ASSUR$ ( A POSITIVE1 S\ND1 & SPE$Y RESULT1 :ILE :ATEV] MAY BE OBTA9$ ( ! GOV]NM5T WILL BE DILATORY1 & WILL T5D ONLY TO /UPEFY1 TO CONFUSE IDEAS1 & TO P]PETUATE ! DOM9ATION ( ONE CLASS OV] ANO!R4 

#a,!SE SOCIETIES >E P>TICUL>LY NUM]\S 9 ,SPA91 :]E ! GOV]NM5T SY/EM ( $UCATION IS DEPLORABLE1 & S*OOLS >E (T5 E/ABLI%$ 9 CONNECTION ) !M4-,J4,M4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiab 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #e1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/