,! ,P]IODIC ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY 

,TEXT 3 

,I W\LD GUESS ?AT ! OLD LIFE WAY ( TRAN%UMANCY ALWAYS PROV$ BO? 5JOYABLE & PRACTICAL1 AT LEA/ 9 SMALL SCALE ECONOMIES4 ,TWICE A YE> Y\ GET UP & MOVE1 TRAVEL1 *ANGE Y\R LIFE & EV5 Y\R DIET -- A TA/E ( NOMADIC FRE$OM4 ,BUT ALWAYS ! SAME TWO PLACES4 ,ONE PLACE IS TYPICALLY MORE HEIMLI* ?AN ! O!R -- ! VILLAGE1 ! HE>?2 :ILE ! O!R PLACE IS TYPICALLY WILD] ?AN ! FIR/1 & ?IS ONE MI<T BE CALL$ ! PLACE ( ,DESIRE1 ( ,SUMM]4 ,9 ! TALES ( ,F9N ,MAC ,CUMAL & HIS ,F5IAN B& WE NE>LY ALWAYS MEET !M AT ?IS WILD] 5D ( ! SPECTRUM1 ! GRE5WOOD1 ! L&SCAPE ( ! HUNT :I* REA*ES 0BACK0 9 TIME TO A MORE GOLD5 PRE-AGRICULTURAL AGE1 & ALSO 0ASLANT0 9 TIME -- TO ,TIR NAAN ,OG1 ! ,L& ( ,SUMM]1 REALM ( ! ,TUA?A DE ,DANAAN1 :O >E BO? ! ,DEAD & ! ,FAIRIES4 

,WE =GET ?AT ! ,F5IANS SP5T ONLY HALF ! YE> FREE 9 ! =E/S4 ,!Y W]E LIKE TRAN%UMANTS -- !Y [$ ! O!R HALF ( ! YE> TO WORK 7MILIT>Y S]VICE7 = ! ,K+4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT !Y RESEMBL$ ! ,IRI% PEASANTS1 :O UNTIL REC5TLY PRACTIC$ PA/ORAL TRAN%UMANCY4 ,TRACES MAY SURVIVE EV5 N[4 ,IRI% FOLKLORE C]TA9LY PRES]VES ! IMAGE ( ?IS ,SUMM]TIME FRE$OM2 0,NATURE0 ALWAYS SEEMS SOMEH[ 9T]LAC$ & EV5 CONFUS$ ) 0,CULTURE0 9 ,IRI% TRADITION 7AS 9 ! ZOOMORPHIC CAPITALS ( ! ,BOOK ( ,KELLS71 9 WAYS :I* HAVE (T5 IMPRESS$ ! =EIGN OBS]V] AS UNIQUELY ,IRI%4 ,ELIZABE?AN COLONI/S COMP>$ NATIVE ,IRI% ) NATIVE ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS3 -- BO? W]E P]CEIV$ AS 0WILD0 -- & BO? RECEIV$ ! SAME TREATM5T FROM ! ,5GLI%4 ,TRAN%UMANCY GIVES A PEOPLE ! *ANCE TO REMA9 9 T\* ) ,NATURE 9 ITS 0M]RIE0 ASPECT 7AS ,MORTON ( ,M]RYM\NT W\LD HAVE PHRAS$ IT71 EV5 IF ?AT PEOPLE'S ECONOMIC LIFE IS VIRTUALLY DEF9$ BY AGRICULTURE1 PEONAGE1 & DRUDG]Y4 ,?IS EXPLA9S ! 0RADICAL0 ASPECT ( POA*+1 FROM ,ROB9 ,HOOD TO ! ,BLACK ,LAWS1 & ALSO ! UNIV]SAL HUMAN ROMANTICIZATION ( HUNT+4 ,?IS ROMANTICISM BEG9S ALREADY EV5 9 HUNT]_/GA!R] SOCIETIES1 :]E ! PRE/IGE 7& FUN7 ( ! HUNT PROVIDES F> LESS FOOD = ! TRIBE ?AN ! 7COMP>ATIVE7 DRUDG]Y ( GA!R+ -- & ! ROMANTICISM CONT9UES TO ?IS DAY4 ,I ?9K ( MY TWO LATE UNCLES1 :O CULTIVAT$ ! C\NTRY ROMANCE ( ! HUNT LIKE *>ACT]S \T ( ,TURG5IEV'S ,SKET*BOOK4 ,I F9D IT IMPOSSIBLE TO DESPISE ?IS ROMANTICISM1 :I* APPE>S TO ME SO CLE>LY AS ! LA/ REMNANT ( ,PALEOLI?IC FRE$OM 9 A WORLD GIV5 OV] TO ! GRIDWORK ( ! PL[ -- & ! HI<WAY4 

,9 EFFECT ,ROMANTICISM ITSELF CAN BE SAID TO REVOLVE 7IF NOT RESOLVE7 >\ND ?IS T5SION 9 ! ,NATURE_/,CULTURE SPECTRUM4 ,! TRAN%UMANT MU/ BE A SORT ( PRACTICAL ROMANTIC1 AN 0AMBULATORY S*IZOPHR5IC0 :O FUNCTIONS AS A P]SONALITY1 0SPLIT0 BETWE5 ! MAGNETIC POLES1 & AMBULAT+ BACK & =? ACCORD+ TO ! WEA!R4 

,W9T] _/ ,SUMM] 

VILLAGE _/ M\NTA9 OR =E/ 

WORK _/ PLAY 

AGRICULTURE _/ FE/IVAL 

PA/ORALISM_/HUNT 

FIRESIDE 7AXES ( 0BO?Y0 7! HUT ( GRE5]Y7 

N>RATIVE ! YE>7 ADV5TURE 

REV]IE _/ DESIRE 

ETC4 

,:5 AGRICULTURE REPRODUCES ITSELF1 ?R\< A PROCESS ( FUR!R RATIONALIZATION & AB/RACTION1 & CREATES 9DU/RIAL CULTURE1 !N ! SPLIT WID5S BEYOND BREA*+4 ,! TRAN%UMANTS LOSE ! BASIC /RUCTURE ( !IR ECONOMY ?R\< 5CLOSURE ( VILLAGE COMMONS & LOSS ( 0=E/ RI<TS0 OR TRADITIONAL GRAZ+ L&S4 ,PURE NOMADS1 :O PROVIDE 7AS ,IBN ,KHALDUN RECOGNIZ$7 A NECESS>Y DIALECTIC T5SION 9 TRADITIONAL 7AGRICULTURAL7 SOCIETIES1 BECOME 0R$UNDANT0 9 ! ,9DU/RIAL REGIME -- BUT !Y DO NOT DISAPPE>4 ,! ,T9K]S & ,TRAVEL]S /ILL ROAM >\ND ,IREL& AS 9 ! #a#h? & #a#i? C5TURIES 7& P]HAPS EV5 9 PREHI/ORY74 ,BUT ! TRAN%UMANTS >E SIMPLY DOOM$4 ,! LIM9AL SPACE !Y ONCE OCCUPI$1 9 BETWE5 SETTLEM5T & NOMADRY1 9 BETWE5 ,CULTURE & ,NATURE1 HAS SIMPLY BE5 ]AS$4 

,! PSY*IC SPACE ( TRAN%UMANCY H[EV] CANNOT BE SO EASILY DISAPPE>$4 ,NO SOON] DOES IT VANI% FROM ! MAP BUT IT RE-APPE>S 9 ,ROMANTICISM -- 9 ! NEW-F\ND APPRECIATION = L&SCAPE & EV5 WILD]NESS1 9 0,NATURE WOR%IP0 & ,NATURPHILOSOPHIE1 9 T\RS ( ! ,ALPS1 9 ! ,P>KS MOVEM5T1 9 PICNICS1 9 NUDI/ CAMPS1 9 ! ,SUMM] COTTAGE1 EV5 9 ! ,SUMM] VACATION4 ,N[ADAYS 0RE=M]S' WANT *ILDR5 TO ATT5D S*OOL YE> R\ND1 & !Y CRITICIZE ! SUMM] VACATION ( TWO OR ?REE MON?S AS AN 9EFFICI5T REMNANT ( AN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY4 ,BUT FROM ! 7ROMANTIC7 VIEWPO9T ( *ILDR51 SUMM] IS SACR$ TO FRE$OM -- A TEMPOR>Y 7BUT P]IODIC7 AUTONOM\S ZONE4 ,*ILDR5 >E DIEH>D TRAN%UMANTS4 

,TO A C]TA9 EXT5T -- & FROM A C]TA9 PO9T ( VIEW -- WE N[ 9HABIT A 0PO/-9DU/RIAL0 WORLD2 & IT HAS BE5 NOT$ ?AT PRECISELY TO ! EXT5T ?AT ?IS IS SO1 0NOMADISM0 HAS REAPPE>$4 ,?IS HAS ITS GOOD ASPECTS 7AS 9 ,DELUZE & ,GUATT>I7 & ITS BAD ASPECTS -- AS = 9/ANCE 9 T\RISM4 ,BUT :AT HAS BECOME ( TRAN%UMANCY 9 ?IS NEW CONTEXT8 ,:AT SITUATIONS MI<T WE ELUCIDATE BY SEEK+ \T ITS TRACES8 

,A V]Y CLE> TRACE OR REMNANT ( PSY*IC TRAN%UMANCY EXPRESS$ ITSELF 9 ! #a#i#b'S -- #a#i#e'S 9 ,AM]ICA AS ! SUMM] CAMP MOVEM5T4 ,A GREAT MANY ( !SE CAMPS W]E 9SPIR$ BY V>I\S PROGRESSIVE & RADICAL T5D5CIES -- NATURISM1 COMMUNISM & AN>*ISM1 ,REI*EANISM & O!R PSY*OLOGICAL S*OOLS1 ORI5TAL MY/ICISM1 SPIRITUALISM -- A PLE?ORA ( 0M>G9AL0 =CES4 ,! UTOPIAN RURAL COMMUNE LIKE ,BROOK ,F>M WAS DILUT$ 9TO A L[-CO/ SUMM] VACATION = CRANKS4 ,DUR+ ! SAME P]IOD C\NTLESS ?\S&S ( 0VACATION COMMUNITIES0 W]E CREAT$1 ) CAB9S ONLY A BIT LESS PRIMITIVE ?AN ?OSE ( ! CAMPS4 ,MY FAMILY [NS ONE 9 A DECAY+ LAKESIDE RESORT-T[N 9 ,UP/ATE ,NEW ,YORK1 :]E ALL ! /REETS >E NAM$ AFT] ,9DIANS1 =E/S1 WILD ANIMALS4 ,!SE HUMBLE COMMUNITIES REPRES5T ! 09DIVIDUALI/0 OR 5TREPR5EURIAL V]SION ( ! SUMM] CAMP'S COMMUNALISM2 BUT EV5 N[ SOME VE/IGES ( SEASONAL COMMUNIT>IAN SPIRIT SURVIVE 9 !M4 ,AS = ! CAMPS1 EV5TUALLY ! MAJORITY BEGAN TO CAT] TO *ILDR51 ?OSE NATURAL CITIZ5S ( SUMM]4 ,AS ! PRICE ( %E] H$ONI/IC IDL5ESS W5T UP & UP1 SOON ONLY ! *ILDR5 ( ! WELL-TO-DO C\LD AF=D CAMP -- & !N NOT EV5 !M4 ,ONE BY ONE ! CAMPS BEGAN TO CLOSE1 A SL[ DECL9E OV] ! #g'S1 #h'S1 & #i'S4 ,DESP]ATE MEASURES >E /ILL ATTEMPT$ 70,M>XI/ ,COMPUT] ,SLIM-D[N ,CAMP02 NEO-PAGAN GA!R+S & HOLI/IC SEM9>S1 ETC47 -- BUT BY N[ ! ,SUMM] ,CAMP ALMO/ SEEMS LIKE AN ANA*RONISM4 

,N[ ! ,SUMM] ,CAMP MAY BE AN EXTREMELY WAT]$-D[N V]SION ( ! UTOPIA ( TRAN%UMANCY -- MU* LESS ! UTOPIA ( UTOPIA6 -- BUT ,I W\LD >GUE ?AT IT IS WOR? DEF5D+1 OR RA!R1 WOR? RE-ORGANIZ+4 ,IF ! OLD ECONOMICS FAIL$ TO SUPPORT IT1 P]HAPS A NEW ECONOMICS CAN BE 5VISION$ & REALIZ$4 ,9 FACT SU* A T5D5CY HAS ALREADY APPE>$4 ,AS OLD ,SUMM] ,CAMPS GO BANKRUPT & COME ON ! M>KET1 A FEW >E ACQUIR$ BY GR\PS :O TRY TO PRES]VE !M AS CAMPS 7) P]HAPS SOME YE>-R\ND RESID5TS71 EI!R AS PRIVATE OR SEMI-PRIVATE SUMM] 0COMMUNES04 ,SOME ( !SE NEO-CAMPS WILL SIMPLY S]VE AS VACATION RETREATS = ! GR\PS :O ACQUIRE !M2 BUT O!RS WILL NE$ EXTRA FUND+1 & WILL ?US BE DRAWN 9TO EXP]IM5TS 9 SUBSI/5CE G>D5+1 CRAFT WORK1 CONF]5CE-ORGANIZ+1 CULTURAL EV5TS1 OR SOME O!R SEMIPUBLIC FUNCTION4 ,9 ?IS LATT] CASE WE CAN SPEAK ( A NEO-TRAN%UMANCY1 S9CE ! CAMP WILL S]VE NOT SIMPLY AS A SPACE ( 0LEISURE0 BUT ALSO AS A SPACE ( 0WORK0 = ! PRIM>Y P>TICIPANTS4 ,SUMM] 0WORK0 APPE>S TO ! TRAN%UMANT AS A K9D ( 0PLAY0 BY COMP>ISON ) VILLAGE LABOR4 ,PA/ORALISM LEAVES TIME = SOME >CADIAN PLEASURES UNKN[N TO FULL-TIME AGRICULTURE OR 9DU/RY2 & ! HUNT IS PURE SPORT4 7,PLAY IS ! PO9T ( ! HUNT2 0GAME0 IS A BONUS47 ,9 SOME:AT ! SAME WAY ! NEO-SUMM] CAMP WILL HAVE TO 0WORK0 TO GET BY1 BUT ITS LABOR WILL BE 0SELF-MANAG$0 & 0SELF-[N$0 TO A GREAT] EXT5T ?AN ,W9T]'S WAGES1 & IT WILL BE WORK ( A 0FE/AL0 NATURE -- 0RECREATION01 HOPEFULLY 9 ! ORIG9AL S5SE ( ! WORD -- OR EV5 0CREATION04 7,>TI/S & CRAFTSFOLK MAKE GOOD CITIZ5S ( ,SUMM]47 

,IF ! ECONOMY DET]M9$ ! D[NFALL ( ! OLD SUMM] CAMP MOVEM5T1 ! /ATE PLAY$ A ROLE AS WELL3 -- REGULATIONS1 RE/RICTIONS1 PRECAUTIONS1 9SURANCE REQUIREM5TS1 CODES1 ETC41 HELP$ RAISE ! REAL CO/ ( RUNN+ A CAMP ABOVE ! LEVEL ( FEASIBILITY4 ,ONE MI<T ALMO/ BEG9 TO SUSPECT ?AT 0! ,/ATE0 SOMEH[ FELT ! CAMP MOVEM5T AS SOME VAGUE SORT ( ?REAT4 ,= ONE ?+1 CAMPS ESCAPE ! DAILY GAZE ( CONTROL1 & >E REMOV$ FROM ! FL[ ( COMMODITIES & 9=MATION4 ,!N TOO1 CAMPS >E SUSPICI\SLY COMMUNAL1 FOCUSES ( POSSIBLE RESI/ANCE TO ! ALI5ATION & ATOMIZATION ( CONSUM]ISM & 0MOD]N DEMOCRACY40 ,CAMPS HAVE AN ]OTIC SUBV]SIV5ESS TO !M1 AS EV]Y EX-,SUMM]-CAMP] WILL TE/IFY1 A WILDNESS & LAXNESS ( SUP]-EGO1 AN AIR ( ,MISRULE1 ( ,MIDSUMM] ,NI<T'S DREAMS1 SK9NY-DIPP+1 ! CRU%1 ! LANGUOR ( ,JULY4 ,! CAMP CANNOT BE RECONCIL$ TO ! IDEAL ( ! 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION ( LEISURE 70HOLIDAY PACKAGE07 & ! REPRODUCTION & SIMULATION ( SUMM] AS A !ME P>K1 ! VACATION PROCESS1 ! SY/EMATIC 0EMPTY+-\T0 ( ALL DIFF]5CE1 ALL AU!NTIC DESIRE4 

,9ASMU* AS ! ,/ATE DI/RU/S ! CAMP1 ! NEO-CAMP WILL 7TO ?AT EXT5T7 NE$ TO CULTIVATE C]TA9 =MS ( 9VISIBILITY OR SOCIAL CAM\FLAGE4 ,ONE POSSIBLE DISGUISE = ! NEO-CAMP H[EV] W\LD BE TO ASSUME ! PRECISE GUISE ( AN OLD-FA%ION$ HALF-BANKRUPT SUMM] CAMP4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! ,SUMM] CAMP IS NOT ILLEGAL1 & IF Y\R GR\P CAN MEET ! 9SURANCE REQUIREM5TS1 :Y NOT FIT Y\RSELVES 9TO AN ALREADY-EXI/+ >*ETYPE8 ,PROVID$ Y\'RE NOT RUNN+ A KIDS' CAMP1 OR AN OP5LY-PROCLAIM$ ,AN>*O-,NUDI/ RETREAT1 Y\ MI<T BE ABLE TO PASS Y\RSELVES (F AS JU/ ANO!R BUN* ( H>MLESS MAKE-BELIEVE ,9DIANS ) A MON?'S VACATION TO WA/E4 

,MY DEF5SE ( ! SUMM] 7NEO-7CAMP IS BAS$ ON TWO SIMPLE PREMISES3 -- ONE1 A MON? OR TWO ( RELATIVE FRE$OM IS BETT] ?AN ABSOLUTELY NONE2 TWO1 IT'S AF=DABLE4 ,I'M ASSUM+ ?AT Y\R GR\P IS NOT MADE UP ( 0NOMADS0 OR FULL-TIME FRE$OM FI<T]S1 BUT ( PEOPLE :O NE$ TO WORK = A LIV+ OR >E /UCK 9 A CITY OR 'BURB MO/ ( ! YE> -- POT5TIAL TRAN%UMANTS4 ,Y\ WANT SOME?+ MORE ?AN A SUMM] VACATION -- Y\ WANT A SUMM] COMMUNITY4 ,SPLA%+ 9 A HUMBLE ,ADIRONDACK LAKE IS MORE PLEASUREABLE TO Y\ ?AN ,DISNEY ,WORLD -- PROVID$ Y\ CAN DO IT ) ! PEOPLE Y\ LIKE4 ,%>+ ! CO/S MAKES IT POSSIBLE1 BUT ALSO MAKES IT AN ADV5TURE 9 COMMUNICATIV5ESS & MUTUAL 5HANCEM5T4 ,MAK+ ! PLACE PAY = ITSELF OR EV5 TURN A LITTLE (F-!-BOOKS PR(IT W\LD TRANS=M Y\R GR\P 9TO TRUE NEO-TRAN%UMANTS1 ) TWO ECONOMIC FOCUSES 9 Y\R LIVES4 ,EV5 IF Y\ SEEK LEGAL /ATUS 7AS A TAX-EXEMPT $UCATIONAL C5T] RELIGI\S RETREAT1 OR ,SUMM] CAMP7 Y\R PROPRIETOR%IP AF=DS Y\ A C]TA9 DEGREE ( PRIVACY :I* -- IF US$ DISCREETLY -- CAN EXCE$ ALL LEGAL B\NDS 9 T]MS ( SEX1 NUDITY1 DRUGS1 OR PAGAN EXCESS4 ,AS LONG AS Y\ DON'T FRI<T5 ! HORSES OR *ALL5GE LOCAL 9T]E/S1 Y\'RE SIMPLY ANO!R BUN* ( 0,SUMM] PEOPLE01 & AS SU* EXPECT$ TO BE A BIT WEIRD4 

,( ALL ! V]SIONS ( ! ,T,A,Z IMAG9$ SO F>1 ?IS 0P]IODIC0 OR SEASONAL ZONE IS MO/ OP5 TO CRITICISM AS A SOCIAL PALLIATIVE OR AN 0,AN>*I/ ,CLUB ,M$43 ,IT'S SAV$ FROM M]E SELFI%NESS H[EV] BY ! NECESS>Y FACT ( ITS SELF-ORGANIZATION4 ,Y\R GR\P MU/ CREATE ! ZONE -- Y\ CAN'T BUY IT PREPACKAG$ FROM SOME T\RI/ AG5CY4 ,! SUMM] CAMP CAN'T BE ! SOCIAL 0,REVOLUTION01 TRUE 5\<4 ,I SUPPOSE IT C\LD BE CALL$ A TRA9+-CAMP = ! ,UPRIS+1 BUT ?IS S\NDS TOO E>NE/ & PRET5TI\S4 ,I W\LD PREF] SIMPLY TO PO9T TO ! DESP]ATION FELT BY MANY = JU/ A TA/E ( AUTONOMY1 9 ! CONTEXT ( A VALID ROMANTICISM ( ,NATURE4 ,NOT EV]YONE CAN BE A NEO-NOMAD -- BUT :Y NOT AT LEA/ A NEO-TRAN%UMAN8 ,:AT IF ! UPRIS+ DOESN'T COME8 ,>E WE NEV] TO REGA9 ! L& ( SUMM] EV5 = A MON?8 ,NEV] VANI% FROM ! GRID EV5 = A MOM5T8 ,! SUMM] CAMP IS NOT ! W>1 NOT EV5 A /RATEGY -- BUT IT IS A TACTIC4 ,& UNM$IAT$ PLEASURE1 AFT] ALL1 IS /ILL ITS [N EXCUSE4 

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