,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,A!ISM 

#aiaf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TAGS 3 PHILOSOPHY ( A!ISM1 HEAV5 & HELL1 GOD IDEA1 HUMAN M9D1 HUMAN RACE1 PRIMITIVE MAN1 FREE MAN1 MAN1 GOD1 HUMAN4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,GREG ,WOLF1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,TO GIVE AN ADEQUATE EXPOSITION ( ! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,A!ISM1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO GO 9TO ! HI/ORICAL *ANGES ( ! BELIEF 9 A ,DEITY1 FROM ITS E>LIE/ BEG9N+ TO ! PRES5T DAY4 ,BUT ?AT IS NOT )9 ! SCOPE ( ! PRES5T PAP]4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS NOT \T ( PLACE TO M5TION1 9 PASS+1 ?AT ! CONCEPT ,GOD1 ,SUP]NATURAL ,P[]1 ,SPIRIT1 ,DEITY1 OR 9 :ATEV] O!R T]M ! ESS5CE ( ,!ISM MAY HAVE F\ND EXPRESSION1 HAS BECOME MORE 9DEF9ITE & OBSCURE 9 ! C\RSE ( TIME & PROGRESS4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! ,GOD IDEA IS GR[+ MORE IMP]SONAL & NEBUL\S 9- PROPORTION AS ! HUMAN M9D IS LE>N+ TO UND]/& NATURAL PH5OM5A & 9 ! DEGREE ?AT SCI5CE PROGRESSIVELY CORRELATES HUMAN & SOCIAL EV5TS4 

 ,GOD1 TODAY1 NO LONG] REPRES5TS ! SAME =CES AS 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ,HIS EXI/5CE2 NEI!R DOES ,HE DIRECT HUMAN DE/9Y ) ! SAME ,IRON H& AS ( YORE4 ,RA!R DOES ! ,GOD IDEA EXPRESS A SORT ( SPIRITUALI/IC /IMULUS TO SATISFY ! FADS & FANCIES ( EV]Y %ADE ( HUMAN WEAKNESS4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T ! ,GOD IDEA HAS BE5 =C$ TO ADAPT ITSELF TO EV]Y PHASE ( HUMAN AFFAIRS1 :I* IS P]FECTLY CONSI/5T ) ! ORIG9 ( ! IDEA ITSELF4 

 ,! CONCEPTION ( GODS ORIG9AT$ 9 FE> & CURIOSITY4 ,PRIMITIVE MAN1 UNABLE TO UND]/& ! PH5OM5A ( NATURE & H>ASS$ BY !M1 SAW 9 EV]Y T]RIFY+ MANIFE/ATION SOME S9I/] =CE EXPRESSLY DIRECT$ AGA9/ HIM2 & AS IGNORANCE & FE> >E ! P>5TS ( ALL SUP]/ITION1 ! TR\BL$ FANCY ( PRIMITIVE MAN WOVE ! ,GOD IDEA4 

 ,V]Y APTLY1 ! WORLD-R5[N$ A!I/ & AN>*I/1 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 SAYS 9 HIS GREAT WORK ,GOD & ! ,/ATE3 0,ALL RELIGIONS1 ) !IR GODS1 !IR DEMI-GODS1 & !IR PROPHETS1 !IR MESSIAHS & !IR SA9TS1 W]E CREAT$ BY ! PREJUDIC$ FANCY ( M5 :O HAD NOT ATTA9$ ! FULL DEVELOPM5T & FULL POSSESSION ( !IR FACULTIES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! RELIGI\S HEAV5 IS NO?+ BUT ! MIRAGE 9 :I* MAN1 EXALT$ BY IGNORANCE & FAI?1 DISCOV]$ HIS [N IMAGE1 BUT 5L>G$ & REV]S$ -- ?AT IS DIV9IZ$4 ,! HI/ORY ( RELIGIONS1 ( ! BIR?1 GR&EUR1 & ! DECL9E ( ! GODS :O HAD SUCCE$$ ONE ANO!R 9 HUMAN BELIEF1 IS NO?+1 !RE=E1 BUT ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! COLLECTIVE 9TELLIG5CE & CONSCI5CE ( MANK9D4 ,AS FA/ AS !Y DISCOV]$1 9 ! C\RSE ( !IR HI/ORICALLY PROGRESSIVE ADVANCE1 EI!R 9 !MSELVES OR 9 EXT]NAL NATURE1 A QUALITY1 OR EV5 ANY GREAT DEFECT :ATEV]1 !Y ATTRIBUT$ IT TO !IR GODS1 AFT] HAV+ EXAGG]AT$ & 5L>G$ IT BEYOND MEASURE1 AFT] ! MANN] ( *ILDR51 BY AN ACT ( !IR RELIGI\S FANCY4 4 4 4 ,) ALL DUE RESPECT1 !N1 TO ! METAPHYSICIANS & RELIGI\S IDEALI/S1 PHILOSOPH]S1 POLITICIANS OR POETS3 ! IDEA ( ,GOD IMPLIES ! ABDICATION ( HUMAN REASON & JU/ICE2 IT IS ! MO/ DECISIVE NEGATION ( HUMAN LIB]TY1 & NECESS>ILY 5DS 9 ! 5SLAVEM5T ( MANK9D1 BO? 9 !ORY & PRACTICE40 

 ,?US ! ,GOD IDEA1 REVIV$1 READJU/$1 & 5L>G$ OR N>R[$1 ACCORD+ TO ! NECESSITY ( ! TIME1 HAS DOM9AT$ HUMANITY & WILL CONT9UE TO DO SO UNTIL MAN WILL RAISE HIS HEAD TO ! SUNLIT DAY1 UNAFRAID & ) AN AWAK5$ WILL TO HIMSELF4 ,9 PROPORTION AS MAN LE>NS TO REALIZE HIMSELF & MOLD HIS [N DE/9Y !ISM BECOMES SUP]FLU\S4 ,H[ F> MAN WILL BE ABLE TO F9D HIS RELATION TO HIS FELL[S WILL DEP5D 5TIRELY UPON H[ MU* HE CAN \TGR[ HIS DEP5D5CE UPON ,GOD4 

 ,ALREADY !RE >E 9DICATIONS ?AT !ISM1 :I* IS ! !ORY ( SPECULATION1 IS BE+ REPLAC$ BY ,A!ISM1 ! SCI5CE ( DEMON/RATION2 ! ONE HANGS 9 ! METAPHYSICAL CL\DS ( ! ,BEYOND1 :ILE ! O!R HAS ITS ROOTS FIRMLY 9 ! SOIL4 ,IT IS ! E>?1 NOT HEAV51 :I* MAN MU/ RESCUE IF HE IS TRULY TO BE SAV$4 

 ,! DECL9E ( !ISM IS A MO/ 9T]E/+ SPECTACLE1 ESPECIALLY AS MANIFE/$ 9 ! ANXIETY ( ! !I/S1 :ATEV] !IR P>TICUL> BR&4 ,!Y REALIZE1 MU* TO !IR DI/RESS1 ?AT ! MASSES >E GR[+ DAILY MORE A!I/IC1 MORE ANTI-RELIGI\S2 ?AT !Y >E QUITE WILL+ TO LEAVE ! ,GREAT ,BEYOND & ITS HEAV5LY DOMA9 TO ! ANGELS & SP>R[S2 BECAUSE MORE & MORE ! MASSES >E BECOM+ 5GROSS$ 9 ! PROBLEMS ( !IR IMM$IATE EXI/5CE4 

 ,H[ TO BR+ ! MASSES BACK TO ! ,GOD IDEA1 ! SPIRIT1 ! ,FIR/ ,CAUSE1 ETC4 - ?AT IS ! MO/ PRESS+ QUE/ION TO ALL !I/S4 ,METAPHYSICAL AS ALL !SE QUE/IONS SEEM TO BE1 !Y YET HAVE A V]Y M>K$ PHYSICAL BACKGR\ND4 ,9ASMU* AS RELIGION1 0,DIV9E ,TRU?10 REW>DS & PUNI%M5TS >E ! TRADE-M>KS ( ! L>GE/1 ! MO/ CORRUPT & P]NICI\S1 ! MO/ P[]FUL & LUCRATIVE 9DU/RY 9 ! WORLD1 NOT EXCEPT+ ! 9DU/RY ( MANUFACTUR+ GUNS & MUNITIONS4 ,IT IS ! 9DU/RY ( BEFOGG+ ! HUMAN M9D & /IFL+ ! HUMAN HE>T4 ,NECESSITY KN[S NO LAW2 H5CE ! MAJORITY ( !I/S >E COMPELL$ TO TAKE UP EV]Y SUBJECT1 EV5 IF IT HAS NO BE>+ UPON A DEITY OR REVELATION OR ! ,GREAT ,BEYOND4 ,P]HAPS !Y S5SE ! FACT ?AT HUMANITY IS GR[+ WE>Y ( ! HUNDR$ & ONE BR&S ( ,GOD4 

 ,H[ TO RAISE ?IS DEAD LEVEL ( !I/IC BELIEF IS REALLY A MATT] ( LIFE & DEA? = ALL D5OM9ATIONS4 ,!RE=E !IR TOL]ANCE2 BUT IT IS A TOL]ANCE NOT ( UND]/&+2 BUT ( WEAKNESS4 ,P]HAPS ?AT EXPLA9S ! EF=TS FO/]$ 9 ALL RELIGI\S PUBLICATIONS TO COMB9E V>IEGAT$ RELIGI\S PHILOSOPHIES & CONFLICT+ !I/IC !ORIES 9TO ONE D5OM9ATIONAL TRU/4 ,MORE & MORE1 ! V>I\S CONCEPTS 0( ! ONLY TREE ,GOD1 ! ONLY PURE SPIRIT1 -- ! ONLY TRUE RELIGION0 >E TOL]ANTLY GLOSS$ OV] 9 ! FRANTIC EF=T TO E/ABLI% A COMMON GR\ND TO RESCUE ! MOD]N MASS FROM ! 0P]NICI\S0 9FLU5CE ( A!I/IC IDEAS4 

 ,IT IS *>ACT]I/IC ( !I/IC 0TOL]ANCE0 ?AT NO ONE REALLY C>ES :AT ! PEOPLE BELIEVE 91 JU/ SO !Y BELIEVE OR PRET5D TO BELIEVE4 ,TO ACCOMPLI% ?IS 5D1 ! CRUDE/ & VULG>E/ ME?ODS >E BE+ US$4 ,RELIGI\S 5DEAVOR MEET+S & REVIVALS ) ,BILLY ,SUNDAY AS !IR *AMPION -ME?ODS :I* MU/ \TRAGE EV]Y REF9$ S5SE1 & :I* 9 !IR EFFECT UPON ! IGNORANT & CURI\S (T5 T5D TO CREATE A MILD /ATE ( 9SANITY NOT 9FREQU5TLY C\PL$ ) ]OTO-MANIA4 ,ALL !SE FRANTIC EF=TS F9D APPROVAL & SUPPORT FROM ! E>?LY P[]S2 FROM ! ,RUSSIAN DESPOT TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,PRESID5T2 FROM ,ROCKEFELL] & ,WANAMAK] D[N TO ! PETTIE/ BUS9ESS MAN4 ,!Y BL[ ?AT CAPITAL 9VE/$ 9 ,BILLY ,SUNDAY1 ! ,Y4,M4,C4,A41 ,*RI/IAN ,SCI5CE1 & V>I\S O!R RELIGI\S 9/ITUTIONS WILL RETURN 5ORM\S PR(ITS FROM ! SUBDU$1 TAM$1 & DULL MASSES4 

 ,CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY1 MO/ !I/S SEE 9 GODS & DEVILS1 HEAV5 & HELL2 REW>D & PUNI%M5T1 A :IP TO LA% ! PEOPLE 9TO OB$I5CE1 MEEKNESS & CONT5TM5T4 ,! TRU? IS ?AT !ISM W\LD HAVE LO/ ITS FEET+ LONG BE=E ?IS BUT = ! COMB9$ SUPPORT ( ,MAMMON & P[]4 ,H[ ?OR\<LY BANKRUPT IT REALLY IS1 IS BE+ DEMON/RAT$ 9 ! TR5*ES & BATTLEFIELDS ( ,EUROPE TODAY4 

 ,HAVE NOT ALL !I/S PA9T$ !IR ,DEITY AS ! GOD ( LOVE & GOODNESS8 ,YET AFT] ?\S&S ( YE>S ( SU* PREA*M5TS ! GODS REMA9 DEAF TO ! AGONY ( ! HUMAN RACE4 ,CONFUCIUS C>ES NOT = ! POV]TY1 SQUALOR & MIS]Y ( PEOPLE ( ,*9A4 ,BUDDHA REMA9S UNDI/URB$ 9 HIS PHILOSOPHICAL 9DIFF]5CE TO ! FAM9E & />VATION ( \TRAG$ ,H9DUS2 ,JAHVE CONT9UES DEAF TO ! BITT] CRY ( ,ISRAEL2 :ILE ,JESUS REFUSES TO RISE FROM ! DEAD AGA9/ HIS ,*RI/IANS :O >E BUT*]+ EA* O!R4 

 ,! BURD5 ( ALL SONG & PRAISE 0UNTO ! ,HI<E/0 HAS BE5 ?AT ,GOD /&S = JU/ICE & M]CY4 ,YET 9JU/ICE AMONG M5 IS EV] ON ! 9CREASE2 ! \TRAGES COMMITT$ AGA9/ ! MASSES 9 ?IS C\NTRY ALONE W\LD SEEM 5\< TO OV]FL[ ! V]Y HEAV5S4 ,BUT :]E >E ! GODS TO MAKE AN 5D TO ALL !SE HORRORS1 !SE WRONGS1 ?IS 9HUMANITY TO MAN8 ,NO1 NOT ! GODS1 BUT ,M,A,N MU/ RISE 9 HIS MI<TY WRA?4 ,HE1 DECEIV$ BY ALL ! DEITIES1 BETRAY$ BY !IR EMISS>IES1 HE1 HIMSELF1 MU/ UND]TAKE TO U%] 9 JU/ICE UPON ! E>?4 

 ,! PHILOSOPHY ( ,A!ISM EXPRESSES ! EXPANSION & GR[? ( ! HUMAN M9D4 ,! PHILOSOPHY ( !ISM1 IF WE CAN CALL IT PHILOSOPHY1 IS /ATIC & FIX$4 ,EV5 ! M]E ATTEMPT TO PI]CE !SE MY/]IES REPRES5TS1 FROM ! !I/IC PO9T ( VIEW1 NON-BELIEF 9 ! ALL-EMBRAC+ OMNIPOT5CE1 & EV5 A D5IAL ( ! WISDOM ( ! DIV9E P[]S \TSIDE ( MAN4 ,=TUNATELY1 H[EV]1 ! HUMAN M9D NEV] WAS1 & NEV] CAN BE1 B\ND BY FIXITIES4 ,H5CE IT IS =G+ AHEAD 9 ITS RE/LESS M>* T[>DS KN[L$GE & LIFE4 ,! HUMAN M9D IS REALIZ+ 0?AT ! UNIV]SE IS NOT ! RESULT ( A CREATIVE FIAT BY SOME DIV9E 9TELLIG5CE1 \T ( NO?+1 PRODUC+ A MA/]PIECE *AOTIC 9 P]FECT OP]ATION10 BUT ?AT IT IS ! PRODUCT ( *AOTIC =CES OP]AT+ ?R\< EONS ( TIME1 ( CLA%ES & CATACLYSMS1 ( REPULSION & ATTRACTION CRY/ALLIZ+ ?R\< ! PR9CIPLE ( SELECTION 9TO :AT ! !I/S CALL1 0! UNIV]SE GUID$ 9TO ORD] & BEAUTY40 ,AS ,JOSEPH ,MC,CABE WELL PO9TS \T 9 HIS ,EXI/5CE TO ,GOD3 0A LAW ( NATURE IS NOT A =MULA DRAWN UP BY A LEGISLATOR1 BUT A M]E SUMM>Y ( ! OBS]V$ FACTS -- A 'BUNDLE ( FACTS4' ,?+S DO NOT ACT 9 A P>TICUL> WAY BECAUSE !RE IS A LAW1 BUT WE /ATE ! 'LAW' BECAUSE !Y ACT 9 ?AT WAY40 

 ,! PHILOSOPHY ( ,A!ISM REPRES5TS A CONCEPT ( LIFE )\T ANY METAPHYSICAL ,BEYOND OR ,DIV9E ,REGULATOR4 ,IT IS ! CONCEPT ( AN ACTUAL1 REAL WORLD ) ITS LIB]AT+1 EXP&+ & BEAUTIFY+ POSSIBILITIES1 AS AGA9/ AN UNREAL WORLD1 :I*1 ) ITS SPIRITS1 ORACLES1 & MEAN CONT5TM5T HAS KEPT HUMANITY 9 HELPLESS DEGRADATION4 

 ,IT MAY SEEM A WILD P>ADOX1 & YET IT IS PA!TICALLY TRUE1 ?AT ?IS REAL1 VISIBLE WORLD & \R LIFE %\LD HAVE BE5 SO LONG UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( METAPHYSICAL SPECULATION1 RA!R ?AN ( PHYSICAL DEMON/RABLE =CES4 ,UND] ! LA% ( ! !I/IC IDEA1 ?IS E>? HAS S]V$ NO O!R PURPOSE ?AN AS A TEMPOR>Y /ATION TO TE/ MAN'S CAPACITY = IMMOLATION TO ! WILL ( ,GOD4 ,BUT ! MOM5T MAN ATTEMPT$ TO ASC]TA9 ! NATURE ( ?AT WILL1 HE WAS TOLD ?AT IT WAS UTT]LY FUTILE = 0F9ITE HUMAN 9TELLIG5CE0 TO GET BEYOND ! ALL-P[]FUL 9F9ITE WILL4 ,UND] ! T]RIFIC WEI<T ( ?IS OMNIPOT5CE1 MAN HAS BE5 B[$ 9TO ! DU/ -- A WILLLESS CREATURE1 BROK5 & SWEAT+ 9 ! D>K4 ,! TRIUMPH ( ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,A!ISM IS TO FREE MAN FROM ! NI<TM>E ( GODS2 IT MEANS ! DISSOLUTION ( ! PHANTOMS ( ! BEYOND4 ,AGA9 & AGA9 ! LI<T ( REASON HAS DISPELL$ ! !I/IC NI<TM>E1 BUT POV]TY1 MIS]Y & FE> HAVE RECREAT$ ! PHANTOMS -- ?\< :E!R OLD OR NEW1 :ATEV] !IR EXT]NAL =M1 !Y DIFF]$ LITTLE 9 !IR ESS5CE4 ,A!ISM1 ON ! O!R H&1 9 ITS PHILOSOPHIC ASPECT REFUSES ALLEGIANCE NOT M]ELY TO A DEF9ITE CONCEPT ( ,GOD1 BUT IT REFUSES ALL S]VITUDE TO ! ,GOD IDEA1 & OPPOSES ! !I/IC PR9CIPLE AS SU*4 ,GODS 9 !IR 9DIVIDUAL FUNCTION >E NOT HALF AS P]NICI\S AS ! PR9CIPLE ( !ISM :I* REPRES5TS ! BELIEF 9 A SUP]NATURAL1 OR EV5 OMNIPOT5T1 P[] TO RULE ! E>? & MAN UPON IT4 ,IT IS ! ABSOLUTISM ( !ISM1 ITS P]NICI\S 9FLU5CE UPON HUMANITY1 ITS P>ALYZ+ EFFECT UPON ?\<T & ACTION1 :I* ,A!ISM IS FI<T+ ) ALL ITS P[]4 

 ,! PHILOSOPHY ( ,A!ISM HAS ITS ROOT 9 ! E>?1 9 ?IS LIFE2 ITS AIM IS ! EMANCIPATION ( ! HUMAN RACE FROM ALL ,GOD-HEADS1 BE !Y ,JUDAIC1 ,*RI/IAN1 ,MOHAMM$AN1 ,BUDDHI/IC1 ,BRAHM9I/IC1 OR :AT NOT4 ,MANK9D HAS BE5 PUNI%$ LONG & HEAVILY = HAV+ CREAT$ ITS GODS2 NO?+ BUT PA9 & P]SECUTION HAVE BE5 MAN'S LOT S9CE GODS BEGAN4 ,!RE IS BUT ONE WAY \T ( ?IS BLUND]3 ,MAN MU/ BREAK HIS FETT]S :I* HAVE *A9$ HIM TO ! GATES ( HEAV5 & HELL1 SO ?AT HE CAN BEG9 TO FA%ION \T ( HIS REAWAK5$ & ILLUM9$ CONSCI\SNESS A NEW WORLD UPON E>?4 

 ,ONLY AFT] ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,A!I/IC PHILOSOPHY 9 ! M9DS & HE>TS ( MAN WILL FRE$OM & BEAUTY BE REALIZ$4 ,BEAUTY AS A GIFT FROM HEAV5 HAS PROV$ USELESS4 ,IT WILL1 H[EV]1 BECOME ! ESS5CE & IMPETUS ( LIFE :5 MAN LE>NS TO SEE 9 ! E>? ! ONLY HEAV5 FIT = MAN4 ,A!ISM IS ALREADY HELP+ TO FREE MAN FROM HIS DEP5D5CE UPON PUNI%M5T & REW>D AS ! HEAV5LY B>GA9- C\NT] = ! POOR 9 SPIRIT4 

 ,DO NOT ALL !I/S 9SI/ ?AT !RE CAN BE NO MORALITY1 NO JU/ICE1 HONE/Y OR FIDELITY )\T ! BELIEF 9 A ,DIV9E ,P[]8 ,BAS$ UPON FE> & HOPE1 SU* MORALITY HAS ALWAYS BE5 A VILE PRODUCT1 IMBU$ P>ITY ) SELF-RI<TE\SNESS1 P>TLY ) HYPOCRISY4 ,AS TO TRU?1 JU/ICE1 & FIDELITY1 :O HAVE BE5 !IR BRAVE EXPON5TS & D>+ PROCLAIM]S8 ,NE>LY ALWAYS ! GODLESS ONES3 ! ,A!I/S2 !Y LIV$1 F\<T1 & DI$ = !M4 ,!Y KNEW ?AT JU/ICE1 TRU?1 & FIDELITY >E NOT1 CONDITION$ 9 HEAV51 BUT ?AT !Y >E RELAT$ TO & 9T]WOV5 ) ! TREM5D\S *ANGES GO+ ON 9 ! SOCIAL & MAT]IAL LIFE ( ! HUMAN RACE2 NOT FIX$ & ET]NAL1 BUT FLUCTUAT+1 EV5 AS LIFE ITSELF4 ,TO :AT HEI<TS ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,A!ISM MAY YET ATTA91 NO ONE CAN PROPHESY4 ,BUT ?IS MU* CAN ALREADY BE PR$ICT$3 ONLY BY ITS REG5]AT+ FIRE WILL HUMAN RELATIONS BE PURG$ FROM ! HORRORS ( ! PA/ 

 ,?\<TFUL PEOPLE >E BEG9N+ TO REALIZE ?AT MORAL PRECEPTS1 IMPOS$ UPON HUMANITY ?R\< RELIGI\S T]ROR1 HAVE BECOME /]EOTYP$ & HAVE !RE=E LO/ ALL VITALITY4 ,A GLANCE AT LIFE TODAY1 AT ITS DIS9TEGRAT+ *>ACT]1 ITS CONFLICT+ 9T]E/S ) !IR HATR$S1 CRIMES1 & GRE$1 SUFFICES TO PROVE ! /]ILITY ( !I/IC MORALITY4 

 ,MAN MU/ GET BACK TO HIMSELF BE=E HE CAN LE>N HIS RELATION TO HIS FELL[S4 ,PROME!US *A9$ TO ! ,ROCK ( ,AGES IS DOOM$ TO REMA9 ! PREY ( ! VULTURES ( D>KNESS4 ,UNB9D ,PROME!US1 & Y\ DISPEL ! NI<T & ITS HORRORS4 

 ,A!ISM 9 ITS NEGATION ( GODS IS AT ! SAME TIME ! /RONGE/ AFFIRMATION ( MAN1 & ?R\< MAN1 ! ET]NAL YEA TO LIFE1 PURPOSE1 & BEAUTY4 

,PUBLIC ,DOMA9 

,FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 ,FEBRU>Y #aiaf 9 ! ,MO!R ,E>? J\RNAL4 

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,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiae 3 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,A!ISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#e1 #bag 3 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,A!ISM -- ,ADD$4 
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