,! ,PIONE] ( ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM 9 ,AM]ICA 

#aiaa 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MAX ,BAG9SKI 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,GL5N ,HALOG1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE  
,!SE L9ES >E 9 T5D] MEMORIAM ( ,JOHN ,MO/1 :O DI$ 9 ,C9C9NATI1 FIVE YE>S AGO1 ON ! SEV5TE5? ( ,M>*1 #a#i#f4 

,9 ! YE> #ahhb ,MO/ CAME TO ,AM]ICA1 AS AN EXILE1 & CONT9U$ ! PUBLICATION ( ! ,FREIHEIT1 :OSE EXI/5CE HAD BE5 MADE IMPOSSIBLE 9 ,5GL&4 ,AFT] ! EXECUTION ( ,ALEX&] ,I,I1 ON ! ?IRTE5? ( ,M>*1 #a#h#h#a1 ,MO/ VOIC$ HIS HOPE 9 A LEAD+ >TICLE 9 ! ,FREIHEIT ?AT ALL TYRANTS MAY ?US BE S]V$4 ,?AT >TICLE PROV$ TOO MU* = ! MU*-BOA/$-( ,BRITI% FRE$OM4 ,PRUSSIAN & ,RUSSIAN SPIES & DIPLOMATS 9TRIGU$ AN 9T]PELLATION 9 ! ,BRITI% ,P>LIAM5T1 AS A RESULT ( :I* ,MO/ WAS 9DICT$ = 09CIT+ TO KILL ! REIGN+ SOV]EIGNS40 ,! C\RT S5T5C$ \R COMRADE TO SIXTE5 MON?S AT H>D LABOR1 & LIFE 9 ! PRISON ( FREE ,5GL& PROV$ A V]ITABLE HELL4 

,MO/ HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 9C>C]AT$ 9 ,G]MAN & ,AU/RIAN PRISONS1 & HIS TREATM5T !RE WAS ALWAYS ?AT ( A POLITICAL PRISON]4 ,9 FREE ,5GL&1 H[EV]1 HE F\ND HIMSELF TREAT$ EV5 MORE BRUTALLY ?AN ! ORD9>Y ?IEF OR MURD]]4 ,HIS COMPLA9TS AGA9/ ! B>B>IC ME?ODS ELICIT$ ! SOLE REPLY ?AT!RE W]E NO POLITICAL PRISON]S 9 A F REE C\NTRY LIKE ,5GL&4 

,:5 HE HAD PAID ! P5ALTY = ! FREE EXPRESSION ( HIS OP9IONS1 ,JOHN ,MO/ WAS 9VIT$1 IMM$IATELY UPON HIS DIS*>GE FROM PRISON1 TO COME TO ,AM]ICA1 !RE TO BEG9 AN 5]GETIC PROPAG&A ALONG REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ L9ES4 ,?IS COMRADELY 9VITATION WAS SIGN$1 AMONG O!RS1 BY ,JU/US ,S*WAB1 :OM MO/ ( \R OLD-TIME COMRADES NO D\BT /ILL REMEMB]4 

,MO/ FOLL[$ ! CALL4 ,AN 5?USIA/IC RECEPTION MEET+ 9 ,COOP] ,UNION1 9 :I* ?\S&S P>TICIPAT$1 WAS HIS GREET+ 9 ! NEW L&4 ,A T\R ( AGITATION FOLL[$1 DUR+ :I* ,MO/ SUCCE$$ 9 ORGANIZ+ A L>GE NUMB] ( PROPAG&A GR\PS AMONG ! ,G]MAN-SPEAK+ WORK+M54 

,MO/ WAS ! FIR/ TO 9ITIATE1 ON A COMP>ATIVELY EXT5SIVE SCALE1 ! PROPAG&A ( ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM 9 ,AM]ICA4 

,! ,G]MAN ELEM5T 9 ?IS C\NTRY WAS AT ?AT TIME F> MORE M5TALLY AL]T & 5]GETIC ?AN IT IS TO-DAY3 ! ,BISM>CKIAN MUZZLE-LAW1 ! EXPULSION ( HUNDR$S ( SOCIALI/ICALLY 9CL9$ PROLET>IANS1 ! SUPPRESSION ( ,SOCIALI/ LIT]ATURE1 & ! BRUTAL POLICE P]SECUTION MADE ! ?9K+ WORK]S REBELLI\S4 ,! L9ES BETWE5 GOV]NM5TAL & REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALISM1 & BETWE5 ! LATT] & ,AN>*ISM W]E NOT SO %>PLY DRAWN AT ! TIME :5 ,MO/1 ! FI]Y AGITATOR ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 >RIV$ 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,HE WAS AN ORATOR ( CONV9C+ P[]1 HIS ME?ODS DIRECT1 HIS LANGUAGE CONCISE & POPUL>1 & HE POSSESS$ ! G5IUS = GL[+ WORD-PORTRAYAL :I* HAD F > MORE EFFECT UPON HIS AUDITORS ?AN LONG !ORETIC >GUM5TATION4 ,HE LIV$ & FELT 5TIRELY ) ! PEOPLE1 ! M5 ( TOIL4 ,! GREAT TRAG$Y ( HIS LATT] YE>S WAS ?AT ! V]Y PEOPLE HE LOV$ SO WELL TURN$ FROM HIM1 MANY ( !M EV5 JO9+ ! G5]AL H[L ( ! CAPITALI/IC PRESS1 :I* NEV] ABAT$ ITS D5UNCIATIONS ( ,MO/ AS A V]ITABLE MON/] ( DEGRADATION & BLOOD-?IR/9ESS4 

,9 ! MEANTIME !RE WID5$ ! BREA* BETWE5 ! BALLOT-BOX ,SOCIALI/S ON ! ONE H&1 & ! REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/S & ,AN>*I/S ON ! O!R4  ,MANY ( ?OSE :O BAD SO 5?USIA/ICALLY WELCOM$ ,MO/ ON HIS >RIVAL 9 ,AM]ICA1 JO9$ ! BALLOT-BOX P>TY &N[ EV5 D5\NC$ \R COMRADE BECAUSE HE P]SI/$ 9 W>N+ ! PEOPLE AGA9/ ! GAME ( DECEPTION CALL$ POLITICS4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT HESPOKE FROM P]SONAL EXP]I5CE3 AS =M] MEMB] ( ! ,REI*/AG HE FELT CONV9C$ ?AT P>LIAM5T>ISM C\LD NEV] S]VE AS AN AID 9 ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T FOLL[$ ITS C\RSE4 ,IT WAS- ABLE TO /& A ,P[D]LY1 & IT HAS NOT EV5 N[ GR[N /RONG 5\< TO RID ITSELF ( M5 LIKE ,GOMP]S & ,MIT*ELL4 ,NATURALLY !RE WAS NO ROOM 9 IT = A ,MO/1 A ,P>SONS1 A ,SPIES1 OR A ,DY] ,D4 ,LUM4 ,GOMP]S1 A RIS+ /> ON ! LABOR FIRMAM5T1 MAY 9DE$ NOT HAVE BE5 AV]SE TO MAK+ USE ( ,LUM'S SUP]IOR 9TELLECT & EXP]I5CE1 EV5 TO ! EXT5T ( SIGN+ HIS >TICLES1 IT IS SAID4 ,BUT AFT] HE HAD ATTA9$ BUREAUCRATIC P[]1 HE F\ND IT MORE POLITIC TO )DRAW FROM SU* COMPROMIS+ ASSOCIATES4 

,! ,G]MAN MOVEM5T1 9 P>TICUL>1 GRADUALLY GREW WEAK]4 ,! ATMOSPH]E ( ?IS C\NTRY IS NOT V]Y CONDUCIVE TO ! M5TAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,G]MANS2 AS A RULE1 !Y LOSE H]E ALL 9C5TIVE TO 9TELLECTUAL PURSUIT4 ,!Y EI!R CONS]VE ! IDEAS !Y HAVE BR\<T OV] ) !M1 TILL !SE BECOME PETRIFI$1 OR !Y 5TIRELY ?R[ IDEALISM OV]BO>D & BECOME 0SUCCESSFUL BUS9ESS M510 PHILI/9ES :O >E F> MORE CONC]N$ ) !IR LITTLE H\SE & PROP]TY ?AN ) ! GREAT EV5TS ( ! WORLD4 

,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES HIS EXILE WAS GR[+ MORE & MORE UNBE>ABLE = ,MO/1 HIS H\ND+ EV] MORE SEV]E & BASE1 ! 9DIFF]5CE & APA?Y ( ! ,G]MANS MORE IMP5ETRABLE4 

,HIS FRI5DS HAD TOLD ,MO/1 UPON HIS >RIVAL3 0,H]E1 AT LEA/1 Y\ >E SECURE AGA9/ IMPRISONM5T40 ,MO/ HAD WAIV$ ! REM>K ASIDE1 AS ALTOGE!R TOO OPTIMI/IC1 SAY+ ?AT IT WAS ONLY A QUE/ION ( TIME :5 HE W\LD COME 9 CONFLICT ) ! %AM LIB]TIES ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,HE WAS ONLY TOO JU/IFI$ 9 ?IS VIEW4 ,:51 9 ! EI<TIES1 ! WAVES ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T ROSE TO EXCEPTIONAL HEI<T1 & ! PROLET>IAT BEGAN PREP>ATIONS = A G5]AL /RIKE TO SECURE ! EI<T-H\R DAY1 ! PLUTOCRATS & F9ANCI]S GREW AL>M$4  0,ORD]0?AT IS1 PR(ITS-SEEM$ 9 DANG]4 ,! LACKEYS ( ! PRESS W]E MOBILIZ$ TO D5\NCE TO ! POLICE & ! C\RTS EV]Y EXPRESSION ( REBELLI\S 9DEP5D5CE ON ! P>T ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 

,9 ,APRIL1 #a#h#h#f1 !RE TOOK PLACE 9 ,NEW ,YORK A L>GE MEET+1 ADDRESS$1 AMONG O!RS1 BY ,MO/1 :O CALL$ UPON ! AUDI5CE TO PREP>E & >M !MSELVES = ! COM+ GREAT /RUGGLE4 ,! SPEE* WAS TAK5 D[N /5OGRAPHICALLY & SUBMITT$ TO ! GR& JURY1 :I* F\ND 9DICTM5TS AGA9/ ,JOHN ,MO/1 ,BRAUNS*WEIG1 & ,S*5K4 ,ON ! SECOND ( ,JULY1 JUDGE ,SMY? CONDEMN$ ,MO/ TO ONE YE>'S IMPRISONM5T 9 ! P5IT5TI>Y & FIVE HUNDR$ DOLL>S F9E1 :ILE ! O!R TWO COMRADES W]E DOOM$ TO N9E MON?S' PRISON & TWO HUNDR$ & FIFTY DOLL>S F9E4 

,IT WAS ! OLD WRET*$ ME?OD4 ,! POLICE ( V>I\S CITIES HAD SY/EMATICALLY 9T]F]$ ) ! NUM]\S /RIKES & COMMITT$ REPEAT$ ASSAULTS UPON ! WORK+M51 E/ABLI%+ 0ORD]0 9 ! MO/ BRUTAL MANN]4 ,! VIOL5CE ( ! POLICE NATURALLY RESULT$ 9 BITT]NESS1 RIOTS1 & KILL+S4 ,BUT 9/EAD ( CALL+ ! UNI=M$ RUFFIANS TO ACC\NT1 ! AU?ORITIES FELL UPON ! SPOKESM5 ( ! MOVEM5T1 M>K+ !M AS !IR VICTIMS4 ,! CRIMES ( ! GU>DIANS ( ! LAW W]E 0LEGALLY0 LAID AT ! DOOR ( ! ,AN>*I/S3 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 UPON ,MO/2 9 ,*ICAGO1 UPON ,SPIES & COMRADES1 :O-EI<TE5 MON?S LAT]-PAID = !IR LOVE ( HUMANITY ) !IR LIVES4 

,IT BECAME EVID5T ?AT FRE$OM ( SPEE* & PRESS WAS NOT TOL]AT$ 9 ! ,REPUBLIC & ?AT IT WAS AS SEV]ELY P]SECUT$ 9 0FREE0 ,AM]ICA AS 9 ,G]MANY1 ,AU/RIA1 & ,5GL&4 

,?AT WAS NOT ,MO/'S ONLY CONVICTION4 ,HE WAS REPEAT$LY CONDEMN$ TO S]VE AT ,BLACKWELL'S ,ISL&4 ,! PRESS HAD SO SY/EMATICALLY LI$ AB\T & MISREPRES5T$ HIS IDEALS & P]SONALITY ?AT ! 0DESIRABLE CITIZ50 CAME TO REG>D \R COMRADE AS A V]ITABLE ,SATAN4 ,ESPECIALLY W]E ! ,G]MAN PAP]S V5OM\S 9 !IR D5UNCIATIONS & CEASELESSLY ACTIVE 9 ! MANHUNT AGA9/ ONE :O HAD SACRIFIC$ EV]Y?+ = HIS IDEALS4 

,:5 ,MC,K9LEY WAS %OT AT ,BUFFALO1 ! ,FREIHEIT HAPP5$ TO REPR9T AN >TICLE FROM ! !N LONGDECEAS$ RADICAL WRIT]1 ,K>L ,HE9Z54 ,! >TICLE HAD NO BE>+ :ATEV] UPON ,AM]ICAN CONDITIONS1 & IT WAS ! GREATE/ \TRAGE & TRAVE/Y UPON ! MO/ ELEM5T>Y PR9CIPLES ( JU/ICE ?AT ,MO/ WAS CONDEMN$ TO S]VE N9E MON?S 9PRISON-= REPR9T+ AN >TICLE WRITT5 DECADES BE=E4 ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,/AATSZEITUNG1 0LEAD+ ORGAN ( ! ,G]MAN 9TELLIG5CE10 BRAVELY ASSI/$ 9 ?IS %AMEFUL PROCE$+ BY ! MO/ 9FAM\S D5UNCIATION4 

,YET ALL ?IS P]SECUTION & SUFF]+ ,MO/ C\LD HAVE BORNE MU* BETT] ?AN ! GR[+ APA?Y ( ! V]Y ELEM5TS TO :OM HE WAS APPEAL+4 ,HE F\ND HIMSELF MORE & MORE ISOLAT$4 ,! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE ( ! ,FREIHEIT1 & HIS FAMILY-GREW MORE DIFFICULT4 ,HE HAD DREAM$ BEAUTIFUL DREAMS ( ! MASSES :O W\LD M>* SIDE BY SIDE ) HIM AGA9/ ! BULW>KS ( TYRANNY4 ,& N[ HE DISCOV]$ HIMSELF A REVOLUTION>Y FREE LANCE1 /&+ ALMO/ ALONE4 ,) GRIM HUMOR HE WROTE 9 ! ,FREIHEIT3 0,H5CE=? ,I %ALL NO MORE SAY 'WE1' BUT ',I4'0 ,9 SPITE ( IT ALL1 H[EV]1 HE F\<T BRAVELY TO ! V]Y 5D4 ,HIS C\RAGE & ,RABELLAISIAN HUMOR NEV] =SOOK HIM4 ,9 ! LATT] YE>S !RE WAS EV5 A NOTICEABLE IMPROVEM5T 9 HIS LIT]>Y ORIG9ALITY4 ,AFT] ALL1 9 ! WORDS ( ! ,*ANTECL]1 0IT IS BEAUTIFUL TO BEHOLD ! LI<T :5 EV]Y?+ >\ND IS 5VELOP$ 9 D>KNESS40 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#h1 #aiaa 3 ,! ,PIONE] ( ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM 9 ,AM]ICA -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#b1 #bai 3 ,! ,PIONE] ( ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM 9 ,AM]ICA -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,! ,PIONE] ( ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM 9 ,AM]ICA -- ,UPDAT$4 

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