,! ,POLICY ( ! ,C\NCIL 

#ahfi 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 

,TAGS 3 /RUGGLE ( LABOR AGA9/ CAPITAL1 POLITICAL & RELIGI\S PREJUDICES1 POLITICAL & RELIGI\S1 C\NCIL ( ACTION1 LOCAL & NATIONAL1 /RUGGLE ( LABOR1 LABOR AGA9/ CAPITAL1 WORK+ CLASS1 GOV]N+ CLASS1 ECONOMIC /RUGGLE4 

,TEXT 3 

,FROM3 ,BAKUN9'S ,WRIT+S1 ,GUY ,A4 ,ALDR$ ,MOD]N ,PUBLI%]S1 ,9DORE ,KRAUS ,REPR9T CO4 ,NEW ,YORK #aidg  

,E,S,S,A,Y,S ,( ,B,A,K,U,N,9 

,! ,P,O,L,I,C,Y ,( ,! ,C,\,N,C,I,L 

  

,PHOTO BY ,GW5AEL ,PIAS]1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,! ,C\NCIL ( ,ACTION DOES NOT ASK ANY WORK] IF HE IS ( A RELIGI\S OR A!I/IC TURN ( M9D4 ,%E DOES NOT ASK IF HE BELONGS TO ?IS OR ?AT OR NO POLITICAL P>TY4 ,%E SIMPLY SAYS3 ,>E Y\ A WORK] 8 ,IF NOT1 DO Y\ FEEL ! NECESSITY ( DEVOT+ Y\RSELF :OLLY TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & ( AVOID+ ALL MOVEM5TS ?AT >E OPPOS$ TO IT6 ,DO Y\ FEEL AT ONE ) ! WORK]S8 ,& HAVE Y\ ! /R5G? 9 Y\ ?AT IS REQUISITE IF Y\ W\LD BE LOYAL TO !IR CAUSE8 ,>E Y\ AW>E ?AT ! WORK]S-:O CREATE ALL WEAL?1 :O HAVE MADE CIVILIZATION 5D F\<T = LIB]TY->E DOOM$ TO LIVE 9 MIS]Y1 IGNORANCE1 & SLAV]Y6 ,DO Y\ UND]/& ?AT ! MA9 ROOT ( ALL ! EVILS ?AT ! WORK]S EXP]I5CE1 IS POV]TY8 ,& ?AT POV]TY-:I* IS ! COMMON LOT ( ! WORK]S 9 ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD-IS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! PRES5T ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 & ESPECIALLY ( ! 5SLAVEM5T ( LABOR-I4 E4 ! PROLET>IAT -- UND] ! YOKE ( CAPITALISM -I4E4 ! B\RGEOISIE4 

 ,DO Y\ KN[ ?AT BETWE5 ! PROLET>IAT & ! B\RGEOISIE !RE EXI/S A DEADLY ANTAGONISM :I* IS ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! ECONOMIC POSITIONS ( ! TWO CLASSES8 ,DO Y\ KN[ ?AT ! WEAL? ( ! B\RGEOISIE IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! COM=T & LIB]TY ( ! WORK]S1 BECAUSE !IR EXCESSIVE WEAL? IS1 & CAN ONLY BE1 BUILT UPON ! ROBB+ & 5SLAVEM5T ( ! WORK]S6 ,DO Y\ UND]/& ?AT1 = ! SAME REASON1 ! PROSP]ITY & DIGNITY ( ! LABOR+ MAN 9EVITABLY DEM&S ! 5TIRE ABOLITION ( ! B\RGEOISIE6 ,DO Y\ REALIZE ?AT NO S+LE WORK]1 H[EV] 9TELLIG5T & 5]GETIC HE MAY BE1 CAN FI<T SUCCESSFULLY AGA9/ ! EXCELL5TLY ORGANIZ$ =CES ( ! B\RGEOISIE- A =CE :I* IS UPHELD MA9LY BY ! ,ORGANIZATION ( ! ,/ATE- ALL ,/ATES8 

 ,DO Y\ NOT SEE ?AT1 9 ORD] TO BECOME A P[]1 Y\ MU/ UNITE-NOT ) ! B\RGEOISIE1 :I* W\LD BE A FOLLY & A CRIME1 S9CE ALL ! B\RGEOISIE1 SO F> AS !Y BELONG TO !IR CLASS1 >E \R DEADLY 5EMIES8 -- ,NOR ) SU* WORK]S AS HAVE DES]T$ !IR [N CAUSE & HAVE L[]$ !MSELVES TO BEG = ! B5EVOL5CE ( ! GOV]N+ CLASS8 ,BUT ) ! HONE/ M51 :O >E MOV+1 9 ALL S9C]ITY1 T[>DS ! SAME GOAL AS Y\8 ,DO Y\ UND]/& ?AT1 AGA9/ ! P[]FUL COMB9ATIONS 1=M$ BY ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 ! CAPITALI/S OR POSSESSORS ( ! MEANS & 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 ! DIVID$ OR SECT>IAN ASSOCIATIONS ( LABOR1 CAN EV] TRIUMPH8 ,DO Y\ NOT REALIZE ?AT1 9 ORD] TO FI<T & TO VANQUI% ?IS CAPITALI/ COMB9ATION1 NO?+ LESS ?AN ! AMALGAMATION1 9 C\NCIL & ACTION1 ( ALL LOCAL1 & NATIONAL LABOR ASSOCIATIONS-F$]AT+ 9TO AN 9T]NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ( ! WORK]S ( ALL L&S1-IS REQUIR$4 

 ,IF Y\ KN[ & COMPREH5D ALL ?IS1 COME 9TO \R CAMP :ATEV] ELSE Y\R POLITICAL OR RELIGI\S CONVICTIONS >E4 ,BUT IF Y\ >E AT ONE ) US1 & SO LONG AS Y\ >E AT ONE ) US1 Y\ WILL WI% TO PL$GE ! :OLE ( Y\R BE+1 BY Y\R EV]Y ACTION AS WELL AS BY Y\R WORDS1 TO ! COMMON CAUSE1 AS A SPONTANE\S & :OLE-HE>T$ EXPRESSION ( ?AT F]V5T ( LOYALTY ?AT WILL 9EVITABLY TAKE POSSESSION ( Y\4 ,Y\ WILL HAVE TO PROMISE3 

7#a7 ,TO SUBORD9ATE Y\R P]SONAL & EV5 Y\R FAMILY 9T]E/1 AS WELL AS POLITICAL & RELIGI\S BIAS & W\LD BE ACTIVITIES1 TO ! HI<E/ 9T]E/ ( \R ASSOCIATION1 NAMELY ! /RUGGLE ( LABOR AGA9/ ,CAPITAL1 ! ECONOMIC FI<T ( ! ,PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ! ,B\RGOISIE4 

 7#b7 ,NEV]19 Y\R P]SONAL 9T]E/S1 TO COMPROMISE ) ! B\RGEOISIE4 

 7#c7 ,NEV] TO ATTEMPT TO SECURE A POSITION ABOVE Y\R FOLL[ WORK]S1 :]EBY Y\ W\LD BECOME AT ONCE A B\RGEOIS & AN 5EMY ( ! PROLET>IAT3  = ! ONLY DIFF]5CE BETWE5 CAPITALI/S & WORK]S IS ?IS3 ! =M] SEEK !IR WELF>E \TSIDE1 & AT ! EXP5SE (1 ! WELF>E ( ! COMMUNITY :IL/ ! WELF>E ( ! LATT] IS DEP5D5T ON ! SOLID>ITY ( ?OSE :O >E ROBB$ ON ! 9DU/RIAL FIELD4 

 7#d7 ,TO REMA9 EV] 5D ALWAYS TO ?IS PR9CIPLE ( ! SOLID>ITY ( LABOR3 = ! SMALLE/ BETRAYAL ( ?IS PR9CIPLE1 ! SLI<TE/ DEVIATION FROM ?IS SOLID>ITY1 IS1 9 ! EYES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! GREATE/ CRIME & %AME ) :I* A WORK] CAN SOIL HIMSELF4 

 ,! PIONE]S ( ! ,C\NCILS ( ,ACTION ACT WISELY 9 REFUS+ TO MAKE PHILOSOPHIC OR POLITICAL PR9CIPLES ! BASIS ( !IR ASSOCIATION1 & PREF]R+ TO HAVE ! EXCLUSIVELY ECONOMIC /RUGGLE ( ,LABOR AGA9/ ,CAPITAL AS ! SOLE F\NDATION4 ,!Y >E CONV9C$ ?AT ! MOM5T A WORK] REALIZES ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! MOM5T HE-TRU/+ TO HIS RI<T & ! NUM]ICAL /R5G? ( HIS CLASS-5T]S ! >5A AGA9/ CAPITALI/ ROBB]Y3 ?AT V]Y MOM5T1 ! =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES & ! EVOLUTION ( ! /RUGGLE1 WILL OBLIGE HIM TO RECOGNIZE ALL ! POLITICAL1 SOCIALI/IC1 & PHILOSOPHIC PR9CIPLES ( ! CLASS-/RUGGLE4 ,!SE PR9CIPLES >E NO?+ MORE OR LESS ?AN ! REAL EXPRESSION ( ! AIMS & OBJECTS ( ! WORK+-CLASS4 ,! NECESS>Y & 9EVITABLE CONCLUSION ( !SE AIMS1 !IR ONE UND]LY+ & SUPREME PURPOSE1 IS ! ABOLITION-FROM ! POLITICAL AS WELL AS FROM ! SOCIAL VIEWPO9T (3- 

 7#a7 ,! CLASS-DIVISIONS EXI/5T 9 SOCIETY1 ESPECIALLY ( ?OSE DIVISIONS IMPOS$ ON SOCIETY BY1 & 91 ! ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 

 7#b7 ,ALL ,T]RITORIAL ,/ATES1 ,POLITICAL ,FA!RL&S & ,NATIONS1 & ON ! TOP ( ! HI/ORIC RU9S ( ?IS OLD WORLD ORD]1 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! GREAT 9T]NATIONAL F$]ATION ( ALL LOCAL & NATIONAL PRODUCTIVE GR\PS4 

 ,FROM ! PHILOSOPHIC PO9T ( VIEW1 ! AIMS ( ! WORK+ CLASS >E NO?+ LESS ?AN ! REALIZATION ( ! ET]NAL IDEALS ( HUMANITY1 ! WELF>E ( MAN1 ! REIGN ( EQUALITY1 JU/ICE1 & LIB]TY ON E>?1 MAK+ UNNECESS>Y ALL BELIEF 9 HEAV5 & ALL HOPES = A BETT] H]EAFT]4  

 ,! GREAT MASS ( ! WORK]S1 CRU%$ BY !IR DAILY TOIL1 LIVE 9 IGNORANCE & MIS]Y4 ,:ATEV] ! POLITICAL & RELIGI\S PREJUDICES 9 :I* !Y HAVE BE5 RE>$ 9DIVIDUALLY MAY BE1 ?IS MAN IS UNCONSCI\SLY ,SOCIALI/IC2 9/9CTIVELY1 &1 ?R\< ! P9* ( HUNG] & !IR POSITION1 MORE E>NE/LY & TRULY ,SOCIALI/IC ALL ! 0SCI5TIFIC0 & 0B\RGEOIS ,SOCIALI/S0 PUT TOGE!R4 ,! MASS >E ,SOCIALI/S ?R\< ALL ! CIRCUM/ANCES REASON+2 &1 9 REALITY1 ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE HAVE A GREAT] 9FLU5CE OV] ?OSE ( PURE REASON+1 BECAUSE REASON+ 7OR ?\<T7 IS ONLY ! REFLEX ( ! CONT9UALLY DEVELOP+ LIFE-=CE & NOT ITS BASIS4  

 ,! WORK]S DO NOT LACK REALITY1 ! ZEAL = ,SOCIALI/ 5DEAVOR1 BUT ONLY ! ,SOCIALI/ IDEA4 ,EV]Y WORK]1 FROM ! BOTTOM ( HIS HE>T1 IS LONG+ = A REALLY HUMAN EXI/5CE1 I4E4 MAT]IAL COM=T & M5TAL DEVELOPM5T F\ND$ ON JU/ICE1 I4E1EQUALITY & LIB]TY = EA* & EV]Y MAN 9 WORK4 ,?IS CANNOT BE REALIZ$ 9 ! EXI/+ POLITICAL & SOCIAL ,ORGANIZATION1 :I* IS F\ND$ ON 9JU/ICE & B>E-FAC$ ROBB]Y ( ! LABOR+ MASSES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 EV]Y REFLECTIVE WORK] BECOMES A REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/1 S9CE HE IS =C$ TO REALIZE ?AT HIS EMANCIPATION CAN ONLY BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! COMPLETE OV]?R[ ( PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY4 ,EI!R ?IS ORGANIZATION ( 9JU/ICE ) ITS 5TIRE MA*9E ( OPPRESSIVE LAWS & PRIVILEG$ 9/ITUTIONS1 MU/ DISAPPE>1 OR ELSE ! PROLET>IAT IS CONDEMN$ TO ET]NAL SLAV]Y4  

 ,?IS IS ! QU9TESS5CE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ IDEA1 :OSE G]MS CAN BE F\ND 9 ! 9/9CT ( EV]Y S]I\S ?9K+ WORK]4 ,\R OBJECT4 !RE=E4 IS TO MAKE HIM CONSCI\S ( :AT HE WANTS1 TO AWAK5 9 HIM A CLE> IDEA ?AT CORRESPONDS ) 9/9CTS3 = ! MOM5T ! CLASS CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PROLET>IAT HAS LIFT$ ITSELF UP TO ! LEVEL ( !IR 9/9CTIVE FEEL+1 !IR 9T5TION WILL HAVE DEVELOP$ 9TO DET]M9ATION1 & !IR P[] WILL BE IRRESI/IBLE4  

 ,:AT PREV5TS ! QUICK] DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS IDEA1 ( SALVATION AMONG ! ,PROLET>IAT8 ,ITS IGNORANCE2 &1 TO A GREAT EXT5T1 ! POLITICAL & RELIGI\S PREJUDICES ) :I* ! GOV]N+ CLASSES >E TRY+ TO BEFOG ! CONSCI\SNESS & ! NATURAL 9TELLIG5CE ( ! PEOPLE4 ,H[ CAN Y\ DISP]SE ?IS IGNORANCE & DE/ROY !SE /RANGE PREJUDICES8 0,! LIB]ATION ( ! ,PROLET>IAT MU/ BE ! WORK ( ! ,PROLET>IAT ITSELF10 SAYS ! PREFACE TO ! G5]AL /ATUTE ( ! 7,FIR/7 ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,& IT IS A ?\S& TIMES TRUE6 ,?IS IS ! MA9 F\NDATION ( \R GREAT ASSOCIATION4 ,BUT ! WORK+ CLASS IS /ILL V]Y IGNORANT4 ,IT LACKS COMPLETELY EV]Y !ORY4 ,!RE IS ONLY ONE WAY \T !RE=E1 NAMELY-,PROLET>IAN LIB]ATION ?R\< ACTION4 ,& :AT WILL ?IS ACTION BE ?AT WILL BR+ ! MASSES TO ,SOCIALISM8 ,IT IS ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE ( ! ,PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ! GOV]N+ CLASS C>RI$ \T 9 SOLID>ITY4 ,IT IS ! ,9DU/RIAL ,ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S-! ,C\NCIL ( ,ACTION4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahfh 3 ,! ,POLICY ( ! ,C\NCIL -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#f1 #bag 3 ,! ,POLICY ( ! ,C\NCIL -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,! ,POLICY ( ! ,C\NCIL -- ,UPDAT$4 

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