,! ,POLITICAL ,REVOLUTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,$G> ,BAU] 

,TEXT 3 

,WE >E REPROA*$ (T5 5\< ?AT \R MO/ AMBITI\S FANTASIES REALLY GO NO FUR!R ?AN TO A RE/ORATION ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION3 ,H]E1 AMONG ! AN>*I/S ( #a#g#i#c1 WE S\<T \R IDEALS & ! ,JACOB9S >E \R H]OES4 ,9DE$ ?OSE :O SAY SO >E MI/AK53 ,\R BUS9ESS !N W\LD BE 9DE$ NO?+ BUT A REACTION2 & A REACTION HAS NEV] 9 HI/ORY BR\<T ANY GOOD ) IT4 ,>E WE1 !N1 HELD TO BE BL9D8 ,>E WE BELIEV$ TO BE UNABLE TO SEE ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! ,REVOLUTION8 ,! CONSEQU5CE ( ! ,REVOLUTION WAS ! EMPIRE ( ,NAPOLEON & .<! ,B\RBON RE/ORATION ).> ! 9/ALLATION ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I,I,I4 ,AN AL]T HI/ORIAN WILL P]CEIVE ?AT EV5 A NEW1 PURELY POLITICAL REVOLUTION WILL ONLY >RIVE AT ! RE/ORATION ( LEGITIMACY4 

,G5]ALLY1 !RE IS NO?+ TO GA9 FROM SU* A RETURN+ T[>D ! SO-CALL$ ORIG9AL GOOD4 ,YET ! ,RE=MATION ONCE AFFIRM$ ?AT IT ONLY WANT$ TO RETURN TO ! PURE ,*RI/IANITY :I* HAD BE5 DE=M$ BY TRADITION & HUMAN 9/ITUTION4 ,BUT :AT RESULT$ FROM ?IS REACTION8 ,!Y >RIV$ AT A NEW RELIGI\S TYRANNY1 A ,LU!RAN PAPACY :I* WAS EQUALLY ZEAL\S 9 ITS ACCUSATIONS AGA9/ H]ETICS4 

,! ,RE=MATION HAS GIV5 US ! GREAT PRECEPT ?AT WE CANNOT RADICALLY HEAL ANY EVIL )9 AN ORGANISM UNLESS WE SUBMIT ! 5TIRE ORGANISM TO NEW LAWS ( LIFE4 ,! ,RE=MATION WANT$ TO UND]TAKE A TRANS=MATION )9 RELIGION2 H[EV]1 IT DID NOT KN[ ?AT RELIGION WILL ALWAYS CONT9UE 9 ! SAME EVIL1 9 PAPACY & =CE4 ,!RE=E ! ,RE=MATION WAS ONLY FULFILL$ :5 IT WAS PRES]V$1 CANCEL$1 & RAIS$ TO A HI<] LEVEL ACCORD+ TO ITS ESS5CE1 & :5 ! /RUGGLE WAS DIRECT$ AGA9/ RELIGION ITSELF4 

,SIMIL> IS ! CASE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,AS IT RETURN$ T[>D ! SO-CALL$ ORIG9AL HUMAN RI<TS1 IT WANT$ TO BR+ !SE RI<TS TO RECOGNITION )9 ! /ATE2 IT WAS NO?+ BUT ! ATTEMPT-AS IF IT W]E POSSIBLE-TO MAKE MAN FREE 9 ! /ATE1 & ITS RESULT PROV$ ?AT ?IS IS NOT POSSIBLE4 ,IF REVOLUTION IS TO BE FULFILL$1 !N FRE$OM MU/ BECOME MORE WIDELY APPREH5D$ & IT MU/ SL\< (F ITS EXCLUSIVELY POLITICAL *>ACT]4 

,WE SUB/ANTIATE ?IS ?R\< A SCRUPUL\S CONSID]ATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,! ,REVOLUTION WAS A RESULT ( ! LIFE ( ! /ATE4 ,REVOLUTION WILL NEV] DESI/ FROM UNIT+ )9 ITSELF TWO CONTRADICTORY SIDES3 ON ! ONE H&1 PRIVILEGE1 LAW SANCTIFI$ BY TRADITION1 ! CLAIM ( TRU/ & OB$I5CE-! RELIGI\S SIDE2 ON ! O!R H&1 ! /RIV+ = FRE$OM1 :I*1 ( C\RSE1 WILL ALWAYS REMA9 AN ILLUSION 9 ! LIFE ( ! /ATE1 ! CONSCI\SNESS ( SELF-RELIANT ACTION1 ! 9SI<T 9TO MY RI<TS AS A MAN1 :I* ! /ATE PATRONIZES BECAUSE IT ABOVE ALL IS ?AT :I* ABSORBS ME 9TO A SOCIETAL LIFE ( ! SPECIES4 ,!SE TWO SIDES W]E 9 CONFLICT AS !Y 5T]$ ! ,REVOLUTION1 & ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION WAS-AS ALWAYS AN ATTEMPT AT M$IATION4 ,! FRE$OM P>TY PROCE$$ FROM ! OP9ION ?AT EV]YONE MU/ TAKE P>T 9 ! LIFE ( ! /ATE2 IT MADE ! WORD 'PEOPLE' 9TO ITS PRET5TI\S DISPLAY & DECL>$ ! PEOPLE TO BE ! SOLE LEGITIMATE P[] 9 ! /ATE4 ,LET ! 9DIVIDUAL NOT BE TOL]AT$1 CALL+ HIMSELF TO A HI<] TRADITIONAL RI<T1 TO CLAIM TITLE TO ALL /ATE P[]1 TO HAVE EXCLUSIVELY ! 5JOYM5T ( FRE$OM1 BUT !N TO MAKE ! LIV+ CONDITIONS ( ! PEOPLE DEP5D5T UPON HIS M]E GRACE4 ,LET !RE BE NO LAW TO :I* ! PEOPLE'S REASON HAS NOT ASS5T$4 ,LET !RE BE NO RI<T :I* DOES NOT F9D ITS CONFIRMATION 9 ! ADVANTAGE ( ! /ATE & 9 ! DEM& ( UNIV]SAL EQUALITY4 ,! FRE$OM P>TY WAS 9 ! RI<T4 ,BUT ! O!R P>TY WAS 9 ! RI<T TOO1 = ITSELF1 ON ITS [N T]MS4 ,IT DEMON/RAT$ ?AT /ATE P[] HAS ITS NATURAL REPRES5TATIVE 9 ! K+1 ?AT ! K+'S RI<T TO MA/]Y C\LD NOT BE ALL[$1 & ?AT ! LAW W\LD BE %AK5 IF ! 9H]IT$ RI<TS ( MANY CITIZ5S NO LONG] F\ND SUPPORT 9 HIM4 

,! BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION WAS1 AS SAID ABOVE1 ! CON/ITUTIONAL M$IATION BETWE5 BO? P>TIES1 A TRUCE 9 :I* ! RI<TS ( EA* W]E P>$ SOME:AT1 I4E41 EA* WAS DONE AN 9JU/ICE4 ,K+%IP RETA9$ ! PRIVILEGE ( ITS H]$IT>Y SUCCESSION2 H[EV] IT WAS NO LONG] APPO9T$ BY ,GOD BUT BY ! PEOPLE4 ,K+%IP WAS TO BE CONCLUD$1 BUT ONLY 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! LAWS :I* HAD BE5 DEBAT$ BY ! SO-CALL$ PEOPLE'S REPRES5TATIVES4 ,BUT !N ! PEOPLE ONLY HALF P]CEIV$ !IR P[] OV] K+%IP2 & TO ! CONTR>Y1 !Y R$UC$ ?IS P[] ( !IRS TO A M]E ILLUSION1 S9CE !Y PRON\NC$ K+%IP TO BE H]$IT>Y4 ,! PEOPLE W]E SUPPOS$ TO GIVE !MSELVES !IR LAWS ?R\< !IR REPRES5TATIVES1 BUT !Y )HELD ! NEGATIVE VOTE FROM K+%IP4 ,K+%IP WAS WEAK5$1 = ! GLORI\S HALO ( ITS DIV9E LEGITIMACY HAD BE5 TAK5 FROM IT4 ,! PEOPLE'S RI<T WAS RIDICUL$1 = AN EXCLUSIVE1 UNT\*ABLE P[] /ILL WAS TO P]SI/ AGA9/ IT4 ,! CON/ITUTIONAL TRUCE WAS NO?+ BUT ! BEG9N+ ( ! DISPUTE2 IT WAS A PAUSE 9 :I* ! PEOPLE'S RI<T S\<T TO RECOV] FROM ITS FIR/ EX]TION1 AS K+%IP S\<T TO RECOV] FROM ITS FIR/ DEFEAT4 ,IT WAS ONLY ! PROSPECT ( GREAT] /RUGGLES3 ,%\LD ! /ABILITY ( ! /ATE BE PRES]V$1 OR %\LD ! /RIV+ = FRE$OM1 :I* ( C\RSE WAS /ILL 9 ! D>K AS TO H[ IT W\LD BE COMPLETELY SATISFI$1 PROCE$ T[>D AN EV] MORE VIGOR\S ABROGATION ( :AT EXI/$8 ,!SE W]E ! QUE/IONS :I* ! CON/ITUTION RAIS$4 ,9 IT1 ! ESS5CE ( ! /ATE WAS ALREADY HALFWAY 9FR+$ - & ?AT IS G5]ALLY ! SOLE GOOD ( A CON/ITUTION-= !RE /ILL 9DE$ REMA9$ A SORT ( /ABILITY 9 K+%IP1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPLE1 ! LAWS HAD BE5 MADE DEP5D5T UPON ! DEVELOP+ REASON ( ! PEOPLE4 ,! DEM& ( FRE$OM1 )\T ITSELF BE+ CLE> AB\T IT1 PO9T$ BEYOND ! /ATE4 ,YET EV5 IF ! PEOPLE DID1 ?R\< !IR REPRES5TATIVES1 RAISE !MSELVES ABOVE ! 'RI<TS' ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 /ILL = ALL ?AT !Y ANNULL$ ! 9H]IT$ RI<TS ( LIFE1 SPIRITUAL & WORLDLY PRIVILEGES4 ,:]E WAS ! SECURITY ( ! LIFE ( ! /ATE :5 ,I WAS 5DANG]$ 9 :AT HAD BECOME SACR$ TO ME BY ! RI<T ( POSSESSION8 

,! ,REVOLUTION W5T FUR!R4 ,! CONTRADICTION :I* LIES 9 CON/ITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION MADE ITSELF FELT4 ,! CAUSE ( FRE$OM WAS VICTORI\S & ! T5? ( ,AUGU/.<#a.> DEMON/RAT$ ! P[] ( ! PEOPLE TO TE> D[N :AT WAS LEGITIMATE1 /ABLE1 &1 MOREOV]1 :AT 9SI/$ UPON BE+ MA9TA9$ 9 ! /ATE4 ,K+%IP WAS ABOLI%$4 ,! EXECUTION ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I %\LD HAVE TAU<T ALL NATIONS ?AT IT IS A CRIME TO BE CALL$ K+ 9 A FREE /ATE1 & ?AT NO?+ HOLY & 9VIOLABLE MAY BE P]MITT$ TO /& BE=E ! PEOPLE4 ,N[1 !Y BELIEV$1 ! FREE /ATE1 ! TRUE REPUBLIC1 HAD BE5 WON4 

,AN>*Y1 :I* IS ! BEG9N+ ( ALL GOOD ?+S1 WAS !RE AT LEA/3 ,EV5TS MOV$ T[>D A HOPEFUL DEMOLITION2 RELIGION WAS CANCEL$1 PRES]V$1 & RAIS$ TO A HI<] LEVEL4 ,BUT ?AT AN>*Y WAS AN AN>*Y )9 ! /ATE4 ,C\LD ! /ATE 5DURE )\T /ABILITY1 )\T POLICE SUP]VISION1 )\T /]N MILIT>Y COMM&8 ,C]TA9LY NOT6 ,& ?AT WAS ! MI/AKE1 ! ONLY MI/AKE1 ( ! REVOLUTION>IES4 ,!Y BELIEV$ ?AT TRUE FRE$OM IS TO BE REALIZ$ 9 ! /ATE1 & !Y DID NOT SEE ?AT ALL ( ! 5DEAVORS ( FRE$OM S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION HAD PROCE$$1 ACCORD+ TO !IR NATURE1 AGA9/ ! /ATE4 ,ROBESPI]RE SURELY WANT$ A UNIV]SAL EQUALITY & WANT$ EV5 ! SANS-CULOTTE1 ! HAVE-NOT1 TO BE TAK5 9TO ! LIFE ( ! /ATE & TO HAVE HIS VOICE 9 IT4 ,BUT C\LD ?IS EQUALITY HAVE BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ AS LONG AS ! DIFF]5CES 9 POSITION & POSSESSION /ILL EVOK$ A DIFF]5CE 9 ?9K+ & KN[+8 ,A COMMUNAL $UCATION IS REQUIR$ = A SOCIAL LIFE ( EQUALITY1 AS IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY TO SATISFY ! HI<] DEM&S ( ! SPIRIT4 ,BUT1 CONSID]+ ! 9EQUALITY ( POSSESSIONS1 ?IS OPPORTUNITY WAS NOT TO BE MADE COMMON2 ?US ! ,REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE IT DID NOT GO F> 5\<1 BECAUSE IT C\LD NOT GO F> 5\<1 HAD TO GO V]Y QUICKLY BACKW>DS4 ,NO D\BT ,ROBESPI]RE SAW HIMSELF =C$ 9 ?AT DIRECTION4 ,HE DECRE$ ! EXI/5CE ( ,GOD1 ! RE9TRODUCTION ( A SUPREME BE+2 & ! VILLAGE DWELL]S LIT BONFIRES TO CELEBRATE ! RETURN$ ,GOD2 ?R\< ALL ,FRANCE RANG ! CRY1 ',VIVE L',ET]NEL6' ,EV5 ! DESP]ATE & MAGNIFIC5TLY /RIV+ T]RORI/S SOON HAD TO REA* !IR 5D 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 EQUALITY ?R\< ! GUILLOT9E4 ,! PEOPLE DIS5TANGL$ !MSELVES FROM POLITICS1 :I*1 AFT] ALL1 HAD NOT BR\<T !M ANY FRE$OM2 !Y TURN$ BACK TO !IR HUMDRUM1 EV]YDAY 9T]E/S & EV]Y DOOR WAS OP5$ TO REACTION1 I4E41 TO ! ATTEMPT TO =M A /ATE & TO MAKE IT SACR$ AGA94 

,!RE=E ,NAPOLEON'S TYRANNICAL EMPIRE WAS A NECESS>Y RESULT ( ! 9CONSI/5T ,REVOLUTION4 ,IF EV] SOMEONE WANT$ TO LIVE 9 A /ATE1 !N1 BY ALL MEANS1 HE ALSO HAD TO GET ACCU/OM$ TO ITS DIFF]5CES1 ITS DOM9E]+ POLICE1 ITS SURVEILLANCE1 ITS /ABILITY1 ITS M$ALS1 & ITS PRIVILEGES4 ,T]RORI/S WILL+LY ACCEPT$ !IR M$ALS FROM ! EMP]OR1 9VET]ATE REPUBLICANS GLADLY ALL[$ !MSELVES TO BE MADE C\NTS & DUKES-& ALMO/ )\T BECOM+ 9CONSI/5T2 AT LEA/ IT WAS ! /ATE & ! CIRCUM/ANCES :I* MADE !M 9CONSI/5T4 ,9DE$ ! REACTION WAS NOT SATISFI$ EV5 ) ! EMPIRE2 = HAD IT NOT BE5 ! ,REVOLUTION :I* CREAT$ ?IS EMPIRE8  

,9 #agia A WOMAN FROM A VILLAGE NE> ,P>IS GAVE BIR? TO TRIPLETS4 ,AT !IR BAPTISM %E NAM$ ! FIR/ ,PEOPLE1 ! SECOND ,FRE$OM1 & ! ?IRD ,K+4 ,PEOPLE & ,FRE$OM DI$ AFT] A FEW DAYS2 ,K+ REMA9$ VIGOR\S & HEAL?Y4 ,9 ?IS LITTLE 9CID5T ! C\RSE ( ! :OLE ,REVOLUTION WAS 9DICAT$-AT ITS 5D /OOD LEGITIMATE K+%IP4 

,& Y\ WANT TO ASS]T ?AT ! POLITICAL REVOLUTION IS \R EXEMPL>8 ,NO2 IT IS NOT \R EXEMPL> BECAUSE NO?+ OLD1 NO?+ SETTL$1 MAY BE ! GOAL ( \R EF=TS4 ,IF ! POLITICAL REVOLUTION DOES NOT KN[ H[ TO OV]COME ITSELF1 !N IT DOES NOT UND]/& H[ TO ORD] ! AB/RACTION ( ! /ATE TO DEP>T1 & H[ TO PROCE$ TO ! UND]/&+ ( FULL1 COMMUNAL FRE$OM-H5CE IT WILL =EV] >RIVE AT LEGITIMACY & AT ! TYRANNY ( /ABILITY4 ,:AT EXI/S WILL ALWAYS PLACE ITSELF ABOVE ! FRE$OM ( ! SPIRIT & ) P]FECT RI<T1 = FRE$OM IS DANG]\S TO IT4 

,! POLITICAL REVOLUTION S]VES US AS NO?+ FUR!R ?AN AS A PRO( ?AT IT ALONE DOES NOT F9I% ! PROJECT-IT IS AN 9/RUCTIVE EXAMPLE1 & ?AT MAY BE 5\<4 ,IT IS A HI/ORICAL PH5OM5ON1 COMPLETE 9 ITSELF2 IT CANNOT & MAY NOT RECUR AS IT ONCE WAS4 

,NO1 SAYS ! RADICAL2 ! ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT COMPLETE 9 ITSELF3 ,DO Y\ NOT SEE ?AT ! ,JULY ,REVOLUTION.<#b.> WAS ! BEG9N+ ( ! REPETITION ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION 9 AN IMPROV$ WAY1 ! BEG9N+ ( ! N[ HI/ORICAL ELABORATION ( ?AT :I*1 9 ITS SWIFT RUN1 WAS ALMO/ A CELE/IAL APP>ITION8 ,WE >E N[ 9 ! ]A ( ! CON/RUCTIVE ASSEMBLY4 ,EV]YONE KN[S ?AT ANO!R T5? ( ,AUGU/ WILL BE A LONG TIME COM+4 

,ALL RI<T1 WE DO NOT D5Y ?AT ! ET]NAL /RIV+S ( REVOLUTION - 9 SE>* ( FRE$OM - WILL WORK CONT9U\SLY 9 HI/ORY2 WE DO NOT D5Y ?AT ! C\RSE ( !SE /RIV+S WILL BE SIMIL> TO ! C\RSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION2 BUT WE DO D5Y ?AT ! LESSONS ( ! ,REVOLUTION WILL PASS AWAY 9 HI/ORY )\T A TRACE1 & WE D5Y ?AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( MOD]N HI/ORY WILL >RIVE AT ! SAME AB/RACT GOAL AT :I* ! ,REVOLUTION REMA9$ /ATION>Y 9 ORD] TO GO D[NHILL4 

,WE BELIEVE ?AT ! NEW EXP]IM5TS ) POLITICAL FRE$OM :I* ! PEOPLE ( MANY NATIONS P]=M >E USEFUL JU/ PRECISELY TO %[ MANK9D ?AT !RE IS NO?+ ( VALUE 9 POLITICAL FRE$OM OR 9 ! EXALT$ CON/ITUTIONAL & REPUBLICAN =MS ( ! /ATE4 ,! ATTEMPTS AT A /ATE1 = :I* !SE V>I\S PEOPLES N[ TOIL1 WILL F9ALLY LEAD !M BEYOND ! /ATE4 ,! V]Y WORD1 'FRE$OM'1 IS REPUGNANT TO ! /ATE-SO HI/ORY WILL TEA*4 

,:AT JUBILATION !RE WAS 9 #ahc :5 ,FRANCE AGA9 RECEIV$ ITS ' FRE$OM'1 :5 ! PEOPLE BECAME AW>E ( !IR [N' SOV]EIGNTY'1 :5 !Y DEPOS$ ! K+ :O RUL$ BY DIV9E RI<T & *OSE !IR [N K+6 ,& :AT >OSE FROM ?AT FRE$OM8 ,! /ATE HAS ASS]T$ MORE & MORE ITS P[] TO /AGNATE2 ! MAJORITY ( PROP]TY [N]S1 :O PR(IT FROM NO ALT]ATION1 RULE2 IDEAS >E SUPPRESS$2 TRIALS 9 ! PRESS P]SECUTE FREE EXPRESSION2 & ! FREE SPIRIT :O LOVES ! FRE% AIR ( AGITATION SI<S UND] ! BURD5 ( A DULL1 B\RGEOIS1 EGOI/IC ADM9I/RATION4 ,!RETO LEADS A CON/ITUTION1 & !RETO MU/ IT LEAD3 ,ONLY GIVE IT 5\< TIME & IT WILL BECOME JU/ AS OPPRESSIVE AS ANY O!R =M ( ! /ATE2 ITS LAWS WILL G5]ALLY 9VE/ !MSELVES ) ! TYRANNY ( LAW4 

,C]TA9LY TIME IS NOT LACK+ = FRE$OM1 GR[N SM>T ?R\< EXP]I5CE1 TO REBEL AGA9/ !SE LAWS4 ,CON/ITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION1 H[EV]1 WILL NOT SIGN ITS [N DEA? W>RANT2 IT WILL NOT VOLUNT>ILY SURR5D] ITS LAWS TO ! PROGRESS :I* CRITICIZES !M4 

,IT IS !RE=E CLE> ?AT !RE CAN NEV] BE ANY?+ BUT /RUGGLE1 SPECIFICALLY1 ! LIFE-&-DEA? /RUGGLE ?R\< :I* ?OSE LAWS WILL BE DE/ROY$4 ,BUT SUPPOS+ ?AT FRE$OM BEG9S ?IS DEVA/AT+ /RUGGLE1 WILL IT ITSELF CONTRADICT ITSELF & WILL IT CONSECRATE NEW LAWS8 ,OR WILL IT F9ALLY TE> D[N EV]Y?+ COMPLETELY8 
,! FREE COMMUNITY 

,Y\ ASK3 ',BUT !N :AT DO Y\ WANT8 ,CAN Y\ PROCLAIM = US A =M ( LIFE :I* WILL BE MORE SUITABLE TO FRE$OM AFT] ! P]I%+ ( ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ! /ATE8 ,CAN Y\ CON/RUCT = US A SOCIETY 9 :I* PRIVATE PROP]TY WILL BE CANCEL$1 PRES]V$1 & RAIS$ TO A HI<] LEVEL8 ,:I* GANGS >E TO HOLD HUMANITY TOGE!R IF ! LAWS ( ,*RI/IAN E?ICAL LIFE >E DESPIS$1 IF EV]Y S5SE IS RELAX$ & LEFT M]ELY TO ITS >BITR>Y COM=T1 IF ! 9/ITUTION ( M>RIAGE DOES NOT PROTECT *A/ITY1 IF G5IAL FAMILY LIFE NEI!R MAKES A P]SON'S FIR/ YE>S HAPPY NOR MAKES HIM RECEPTIVE TO DELICATE FEEL+S1 IF IT IS NOT OB$I5CE TO ! AU?ORITY ( ! /ATE :I* *ECKS PASSIONS8 ,DO Y\ (F] US ANY O!R PROSPECT BESIDES AN>*Y1 MURD]1 & ROBB]Y8 ,%[ US A FREE1 SAFE =M ( LIFE & WE W\LD GLADLY AGREE ) Y\'4 

,TO ?IS ,I RESPOND QUITE SIMPLY ?AT IT IS NOT \R BUS9ESS TO CON/RUCT4 ,9DE$1 CAN ANY NEW CROP SPR\T UP AS LONG AS ! OLD WE$S ?RIVE LUXURIANTLY8 ,?US Y\ MU/ FIR/ EXT]M9ATE ! OLD WE$S4 ,& SURELY NO NEW ?\<TS CAN COME 9TO ! WORLD BE=E ! OLD ONES HAVE BE5 OV]COME1 CAN !Y8 ,DO Y\ KN[ ?AT Y\ >E LIKE A GR\P ( ,PH4,D4 S :O BELIEVE ?AT WE WANT TO GIVE ! PEOPLE A PHILOSOPHY ) PROPOSITIONS1 CONCLUSIONS1 & CONCEPTS 8 ,NONS5SE6 ,9 ANY CASE1 \R PHILOSOPHY EXI/S ONLY = ! PURPOSE ( CLE>+ AWAY ! TRADITIONAL IDEAS ( BELIEF FROM HUMAN HEADS2 ?US1 JU/ AT FIR/1 WE CAN DO NO?+ FUR!R ?AN TO CRITICIZE POLITICAL =MS1 POLITICAL CONCEPTS1 & ! RELIGIO-POLITICAL TRU/1 & TO BE SATISFI$ IF \R CRITIQUE IS ACCURATE & IF IT HAS PROV5 ?AT IT IS A CONTRADICTION TO WANT TO W9 FRE$OM )9 ! CONTEXT ( EXI/+ =MS4 ,!N 9 SPITE ( ALL ?AT1 EV]YONE & HIS BRO!R MAY COME & SAY3 ',BUT MY ,GOD1 !RE MU/ BE RELIGION1 !RE MU/ BE A /ATE1 !RE MU/ BE RI<TE\SNESS1 !RE MU/ BE LAW4' ,?IS \TCRY DOES NOT BO!R US1 S9CE IT PROCE$S AGA9/ CRITIQUE \T ( FE>1 \T ( ! PRESUPPOSITIONS ( FAI?FULNESS2 !RE IS NO O!R WAY TO REFUTE IT ?AN BY REF]R+ TO HI/ORY4 ,N[ ?OSE PEOPLE >E JU/ NATURALLY DEAF TO D$UCTIVE >GUM5TS = A RATIONAL FRE$OM4 

',NO PRIVATE PROP]TY1 NO PRIVILEGE1 NO DIFF]5CE 9 /ATUS1 NO USURPATORY REGIME'4 ,SO READS \R PRONUNCIAM5TO2 IT IS NEGATIVE1 BUT HI/ORY WILL WRITE ITS AFFIRMATION4 

,!RE=E Y\ ASK ME :AT '! FREE COMMUNITY' IS1 :AT IT LOOKS LIKE1 H[ IT IS POSSIBLE4 ,TO ?AT ,I CAN GIVE Y\ NO ANSW]1 = :O IS P]MITT$ TO ?9K BEYOND HIS [N TIME8 ,\R TIME1 ?\<1 IS ONLY CRITICAL & DE/RUCTIVE4 

,Y\ QUE/ION FUR!R3 ',BUT !N :AT DO Y\ WANT TO DO8 ,NO?+ DEP5DS ON =MS1 EV]Y?+ DEP5DS ONLY ON PEOPLE4 ,Y\ WANT TO MAKE PEOPLE FREE & RATIONAL V]Y WELL1 EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS >E OPPRESSIVE ONLY BECAUSE ( ! WICK$NESS ( MANK9D1 BUT SURELY GOOD PEOPLE WILL LIVE FREELY )9 !M4 ,IMAG9E1 = EXAMPLE1 A WISE1 GOOD K+3 ,WILL ANYONE EXP]I5CE ANY TYRANNY UND] HIM8 ,IMAG9E AN ADM9I/RATION COMPOS$ ( RATIONAL M53 ,WILL IT RE/RICT ! FRE$OM ( ! SPIRIT 9 ANY WAY1 & WILL IT FAIL TO KN[ H[ TO 9SURE ?AT NO-ONE />VES 9 PHYSICAL OR EMOTIONAL NE$8 ,IMAG9E ?AT ALL M5 >E GOOD2 !N CAN !IR M>RIAGES BE UNHAPPY8 ,WILL !Y $UCATE !IR *ILDR5 TO BE N>R[-M9D$ & COMMONPLACE FELL[S8 ,=MS >E ( NO IMPORTANCE2 PEOPLE >E ! MA9 ?+ & ?OSE =MS >E ONLY NECESS>Y 9 ORD] TO *ECK ! HUMAN PROP5SITY TO COMMIT CRIMES4' 

,?AT S\NDS V]Y CONV9C+1 EXCEPT ?AT IT IS ONLY S5TIM5TAL *ATT]4 ,=MS >E NOT AT ALL ACCID5TAL2 !Y >E CREATIONS ( ! HUMAN SPIRIT & !RE=E !Y >E ONLY SUITABLE TO ?IS OR ?AT DET]M9$ CONT5T ( SPIRIT4 ,IF PEOPLE *ANGE1 !N ! =MS ( LIFE MU/ ALSO *ANGE4 ,WE SET \RSELVES DIRECTLY AGA9/ \R DET]M9$ 9/ITUTIONS1 BECAUSE ! SPIRIT ( NON-FRE$OM 7,UNFREIHEIT7 MANIFE/S ITSELF 9 !M4 ,WE DO NOT BE> ILL WILL T[>D K+S1 BUT T[>D K+%IP2 /RIP ?IS MAN ( ! GLITT] ( ! ?RONE1 & HE WILL BE H>MLESS4 ,WE DO NOT ACCUSE WICK$ M>RI$ C\PLES1 BUT M>RIAGE1 ! VULG> EXCLUSIVITY1 ! RELIGI\S CONTROL ( ! =M1 ! RECIPROCAL CON/RA9T1 ! DOM9ION :I* ONE SEX EX]CISES OV] ! O!R1 ! >I/OCRATIC USE :I* ONE 9T5DS TO MAKE ( ! O!R4 ,Y\ SAY ?AT A WISE ADM9I/RATION WILL RULE WISELY4 ,V]Y SM>T6 ,BUT WE SAY ?AT IT LIES 9 ! NATURE ( ADM9I/RATION TO ASSUME POLICE SUP]VISION & TO RESI/ CRITIQUE4 

,OBVI\SLY1 = Y\1 =MS >E ONLY SOME?+ EXT]NAL1 BECAUSE Y\ CONSID] !M SUP]FICIAL4 ,BUT WE SEEK TO FA?OM !IR *>ACT] & TO PROVE ?AT !Y >E NOT H>MONI\S ) ! DEM& ( FRE$OM4 ,=MS :I* HAVE >IS5 \T ( EGOISM WILL CREATE1 9 !IR TURN1 AS LONG AS !Y EXI/1 EGOI/IC PEOPLE4 ,!RE=E !Y >E NOT ( NO IMPORTANCE4 

,! HUMAN PROP5SITY TO COMMIT CRIMES6 ,Y\ MU/ KN[ ?AT CRIMES >E ALWAYS A RESULT1 A PRODUCT1 ( !SE DET]M9$ CONDITIONS2 CRIMES >E ! COMPLEM5TS ( 9/ITUTIONS1 !IR REV]SE IMAGE4 ,ROBB]Y & MURD] >E A RESULT ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 BECAUSE ?IS POSSESSION ITSELF IS A K9D ( ROBB]Y2 & ! EGOISM ( PRIVILEGE COMMITS1 NOT DAILY1 BUT H\RLY1 ! MURD] ( ! S\L ( A POOR1 OPPRESS$ P]SON1 DEPRIV$ ( CULTURAL SOPHI/ICATION4 ,SO-CALL$ IMMORALITY IS NO?+ BUT A REACTION :I* NATURAL FRE$OM 9/IGATES AGA9/ ! >TFUL & SUP]NATURAL PRET5SIONS ( ,*RI/IAN E?ICAL LIFE4 ,PRO/ITUTION IS A RESULT ( M>RIAGE1 BECAUSE444 

,IF ?IS DET]M9$ POSSESSION IS = ONE1 !N ! NECESS>Y COMPLEM5T ( ?AT IS ?AT IT IS = ALL :O FEEL !MSELVES WRONG$ BY IT1 :O HOLD IT TO BE USURPATION1 & :O SEEK TO APPROPRIATE IT4 

,IF ?IS WOMAN IS = ONE1 !N !RE WILL BE O!R WOM5 :O >E = ALL4 

,H]E Y\ 9T]RUPT ME & SAY3 ',!N Y\R :OLE PLAN = ! IMPROVEM5T ( ! WORLD ?US AM\NTS TO Y\ WANT+ TO MAKE US ALL 9TO ?IEVES1 & ALL WOM5 9TO PRO/ITUTES2 Y\ WANT TO ABOLI% ROBB]Y :ILE Y\ MAKE IT UNIV]SAL1 & ABOLI% PRO/ITUTION :ILE Y\ TRANS=M IT FROM ! EXCEPTION 9TO ! RULE4' 

,N[1 N[1 ,I HAVE ALREADY TOLD Y\ TRULY ?AT ! EXI/+ RELATION%IPS !MSELVES G5]ATE ! CRIMES :I* CORRESPOND TO !M4 ,:E!R !SE RELATION%IPS WILL N[ P]I% ?R\< !SE SO-CALL$ CRIMES2 :E!R1 = EXAMPLE1 PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 A G5]AL !FT1 M>RIAGE 9 A G5]AL PRO/ITUTION1 WILL F9D !IR 5DS - :O CAN SAY8 ,BUT ! ONE WILL CEASE TO BE ONLY ) ! O!R4 

',DO Y\ !RE=E WANT'1 Y\ SAY FUR!R1 'TO REM$Y BY G5]AL MURD] ! >I/OCRAT'S MURD] ( ! POOR P]SON'S S\L8' 

,FAVETE ,UNGUIS8.<#c.> ,:5 K+S LEAD 5TIRE NATIONS 9TO W>1 >E MURD] & MANSLAU<T] !N CONTA9$ 9 !IR PLAN8 ,HAVE !Y NOT RA!R HI<] AIMS2 >E !RE NOT PR9CIPLES 9 ! S]VICE ( :I* ! PEOPLES' BLOOD IS %$8 ,Y\ >E MU* TOO WILL+ TO MAKE US 9TO PREA*]S ( ! UNIV]SAL BLOODBA?4 ,& WE >E 9DE$ NO?+ BUT ! S]VANTS ( ?\<T :O1 AS HONE/LY & AS TRU?FULLY AS POSSIBLE1 SEEK TO >TICULATE :AT CRITIQUE SAYS TO !M4 ,DO Y\ WANT TO HOLD K+S ACC\NTABLE = EV]Y DROP ( BLOOD :I* HAS FL[$ FROM !IR SLAU<T]S8 ,NO1 H]E Y\ >E NOT S5TIM5TAL1 H]E Y\ UNFEEL+LY TALLY UP ! ?\S&S :O HAVE FALL5 9 BATTLE4 ,9DE$ Y\ CELEBRATE PROP]LY Y\R LORD'S GREAT MILIT>Y GLORY4 ,BUT IF BLOOD FL[S 9 ! S]VICE ( FRE$OM1 OR 9 ! /RUGGLE ( PR9CIPLES1 !N DO Y\ WANT TO HOLD !SE ?+S ACC\NTABLE8 ,! CR[NS ( Y\R K+S ALWAYS RADIATE BEAMS ( PURE SPL5DOR1 & !IR W>S MAY HAVE CO/ JU/ AS MANY HUMAN LIVES2 BUT FRE$OM & ITS AXIOMS >E TO BE /A9$ =?) IF EGOISM & HUMAN OB/9ACY =CE !M TO DO BATTLE6 ,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT NO GREAT CAUSE CAN SUCCE$ )\T ?OR\<LY VIGOR\S /RIFE1 )\T BLOOD1 !N1 BY ALL MEANS1 HI/ORY ACCUSES ANY SU* CAUSE ( MOV+ =W>D ACCORD+ TO !SE LAWS1 OR1 BETT]1 HI/ORY COMPLA9S TO Y\ AB\T ! HUMAN HALF-DEAFNESS :I* IS 9S5SITIVE TO ! VOICE ( FRE$OM & REASON4 

',& !N H]E WE /& AGA9'1 Y\ SAY1' & WE /ILL DO NOT KN[ :AT Y\ UND]/& BY Y\R FREE COMMUNITY4' ,BUT ,I WANT TO TELL Y\ ( SOME?+ DI/9CT FROM ! LIFE ( ! /ATE4 

,ONLY ) REVOLUTION1 :I* BEG9S ! DE/RUCTION ( ! =MS ( ! /ATE1 DOES G5U9E HI/ORY COMM5CE1 BECAUSE H]E IT BECOMES CONSCI\S4 ,AL?\< PEOPLES HAVE HI!RTO COMPORT$ !MSELVES RELIGI\SLY1 EV5 OV] AGA9/ HI/ORY1 &1 BECAUSE !Y DID NOT UND]/& HI/ORY1 HAVE SE5 9 IT ! GOV]NANCE ( A DIV9E SPIRIT2 AL?\< !Y W]E UNCONSCI\SLY DRIV5 =W>D1 & W]E AT ONE TIME ! PLAY?+ ( K+S1 !N ( PRIE/S1 !N ( A BL9D RELIGI\S FANATICISM2 WE KN[ N[ ?AT IT IS HUMAN BE+S ALONE :O MAKE HI/ORY4 ,! MOD]N PRESSURE TO BUSY !MSELVES ) POLITICS-:AT IS IT O!R ?AN ! CONSCI\SNESS ?AT HI/ORY IS SOME?+ HUMAN1 COMMUNAL1 & ?AT NO?+ HI<] DRIVES !M EXCEPT ! SPIRIT ( SOCIETY8 

,FROM N[ ON HI/ORY IS A SELF-CONSCI\S HI/ORY1 BECAUSE MANK9D KN[S ! PR9CIPLES BY :I* IT MOVES =W>D1 BECAUSE MANK9D HAS HI/ORY'S GOAL - FRE$OM - 9 SI<T4 

,M]E POLITICAL CURIOSITY IS ALREADY PROP]LY HO/ILE TO ! /ATE1 S9CE A P]SON SIGNIFIES !REBY ?AT HE NO LONG] IS FULLY CONFID5T TO LET ONLY ! HOLY P[] ( ! /ATE CONDUCT BUS9ESS1 & ?AT HE WANTS1 9 SPITE ( ALL ?AT MAY HAPP51 TO BE PRES5T AT H& ) HIS 9SI<T4 

,& ?AT IS ! *>ACT]I/IC ( ! FREE COMMUNITY4 ,IT KN[S :AT IT IS DO+4 

,ON ?IS ACC\NT ! DESIGNATION 'PEOPLE' REALLY NO LONG] FITS IT2 'PEOPLE' IS A POLITICAL CONCEPT1 A WORD ( ! HE>T2 '! PEOPLE' IS ! TRU/+ FLOCK :I* ALL[S ITSELF TO BE L$4 ,:AT PREV5TS A TYRANT FROM P]PETRAT+ HIS DE$S 9 ! NAME ( ! PEOPLE8 ,:AT PREV5TS A PEOPLE FROM /&+ UP = & %$D+ BLOOD = A DET]M9$ REIGN+ FAMILY8 ,?US1 ! CONCEPT ( FRE$OM IS NOT YET 9CLUD$ 9 ! POLITICAL CONCEPT ( PEOPLE4 ,9DE$1 ! PEOPLE IS M]ELY ?IS EXT]NAL UNION1 ?IS MESSY BUNDLE ( CONDITIONS & 9DIVIDUALS1 BEGOTT5 ON ?IS DET]M9$ GR\ND1 GR[N UP 9 ?IS CLIMATE1 ACCORD+ TO !SE LAWS4 ,9DE$1 = ! MO/ P>T1 ! PEOPLE F9DS ITS REPRES5TATION \TW>DLY ONLY 9 A C]TA9 NATIONAL PRIDE1 9 NATIONAL FADS4 
,NOTES 

#a4 .<,ON ,AUGU/ #a1 #a#g#i#b1 A MOB SACK$ ! ,TUIL]IES & ! ,ASSEMBLY IMPRISON$ ! ROYAL FAMILY1 ?US 9ITIAT+ ! BRIEF RULE ( ,DANTON1 :I* 9CLUD$1 ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#a1 #a#g#i#b1 ! =MAL ABOLITION ( ! MON>*Y &1 ON ,JANU>Y #b#a1 #a#g#i#c1 ! EXECUTION ( ! K+47,TR47.> 

#b4 .<,! ,JULY ,REVOLUTION WAS ! >M$ REVOLT 9 ,P>IS FROM ,JULY #bg TO ,JULY #c1 #a#h#c1 :I* OV]?REW ! LA/ ,B\RBON K+ ( ,FRANCE1 ,*>LES ,X1 & ?US E/ABLI%$1 ON ,AUGU/ #g1 #a#h#c1 ! 'B\RGEOIS MON>*Y' ( ,L\IS ,PHILIPPE1 ! 'CITIZ5 K+'1 :O WAS ON ! ?RONE AT ! TIME ( ?IS POLEMIC4 7,TR47.> 

#c4 .<,HORACE1 ,ODES1 ,BOOK ,I,I,I1 ,ODE I1 L9E #b4 ,LIT]ALLY1 ',FAVOR Y\R TONGUES'1 A CALL = ! LAYM5 OR ! UN9ITIAT$ 9 A RELIGI\S ORD] TO USE !IR SIL5CE TO AVOID SAY+ ANY?+ FOOLI%1 BLASPHEM\S1 OR ILL-OM5$4 7,TR47.> 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bba 3 ,! ,POLITICAL ,REVOLUTION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,! ,POLITICAL ,REVOLUTION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/