,! ,POLITICS ( ,W> ,GRAVES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COLLECTIVE ,ACTION 

,TEXT 3 

,! WAY 9 :I* ! DEAD >E REMEMB]$ IS A POLITICAL ACT - ! COMMEMORATION ( W> IS NEV] NEUTRAL4 ,AU/RALIA HAS COMM5C$ AN ORGY ( (FICIAL REMEMBRANCE2 ! ,A,N,Z,A,C COMMEMORATION 9DU/RY IS EXPECT$ TO CONSUME ! L>G] P>T ( A BILLION DOLL>S ( PUBLIC & PRIVATE MONEY OV] ! NEXT TWO YE>S .<#a.>4 ,! RE=MI/ LEFT IS ALREADY BEMOAN+ ! CRASS COMM]CIALISM ( IT ALL1 & ! MORE CRITICAL AMONG !M PO9T \T ?AT ,A,N,Z,A,C & ,GALLIPOLI W]E M]E SIDE %[S TO ! 0C\NTLESS :ITE CROSSES0 ?AT 9 0MUTE WITNESS /&0 9 ! MUDDY FIELDS ( ,BELGIUM & ,FRANCE .<#b.>4 ,BUT !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS AN APOLITICAL COMMEMORATION4 ,! 5DLESS :ITE CROSSES S]V$ !IR IMP]IAL MA/]S 9 ! AFT]MA? ( F\R YE>S ( SLAU<T]1 JU/ AS ! ,A,N,Z,A,C 9DU/RY S]VES ! ,AU/RALIAN /ATE TODAY4 

,MASS SLAU<T] %AKES A SOCIETY TO ITS CORE4 ,?IS CAN 7& %\LD7 UND]M9E ! LEGITIMACY & CONTROL ( ! RUL+ CLASS ?AT UNLEA%ES IT4 ,9 ,MAY #aiag ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T E/ABLI%$ ! ,IMP]IAL ,W> ,GRAVES ,COMMISSION4 ,?IS WAS A RESPONSE TO ! UNPREC$5T$ SCALE ( SLAU<T]1 A SLAU<T] WR\<T ACROSS ! ,BRITI% WORK+ CLASS2 & ACROSS ! COLONIES & DOM9IONS ( ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE4 #aiag HAD ALREADY SE5 REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA & MUT9Y 9 ,FRANCE .<#c.>2 IT WAS CLE> TO ! ,BRITI% RUL+ CLASS ?AT SLAU<T] C\LD %AKE ! LEGITIMACY ( ! CLASS AT HOME ! IMAGE ( UNASSAILABLE P[] ?AT ! ,EMPIRE DEP5D$ ON ABROAD4 ,9 W>S PA/1 A P[]FUL LEAD] OR H]OIC FIGURE MI<T BE REMEMB]$ ) AN (FICIAL /ATUE1 PATRIOTIC POEM OR DAY ( M\RN+4 ,BUT ! SCALE ( DEA? 9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> REQUIR$ A MORE COMPREH5SIVE RESPONSE1 /EPS HAD TO BE TAK5 TO CONTROL & SUBV]T ! PROCESS ( M\RN+ ?AT MI<T ALL FALL TOO EASILY MORPH 9TO RECRIM9ATION AGA9/ & 9DICTM5T ( ! RUL]S :O HAD CAUS$ IT4 ,! ,IMP]IAL ,W> ,GRAVES COMMISSION RESPOND$ TO ?IS SITUATION BY CONSCRIPT+ ! DEAD4 .<#d.> 

,9 W>S PA/ ! >RANGEM5TS MADE = HUMAN REMA9S W]E ADHOC4 ,MANY MI<T BE BURI$ ON ! SITE ( BATTLES1 BUT FAMILIES ) ! MEANS & 9CL9ATION W\LD (T5 RECOV] ! BODIES ( LOV$ ONES TO BE RE9T]R$ 0AT HOME04 ,! BODIES ( ! WEAL?Y & P[]FUL W]E R\T9ELY REPATRIAT$4 ,! >RANGEM5TS MADE REFLECT$ 9EQUALITIES ( WEAL? & P[]1 BUT ! KEY PO9T IS ?AT PREVI\SLY ! /ATE NEV] CLAIM$ TO [N ! BODIES ( ITS DEAD SOLDI]S4 ,:E!R !Y C\LD ACCESS !M OR NOT1 9 PR9CIPLE ! BODY ( A DEAD SOLDI] BELONG$ TO ! FAMILY4 

,! ,W> ,GRAVES ,COMMISSION HAD O!R IDEAS4 ,IT BECAME ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T POLICY ?AT BODIES W]E NOT TO BE REPATRIAT$4 ,EV5 AFT] ! W> 5D$1 FAMILIES W]E TO BE PREV5T$ FROM RECOV]+ ! REMA9S ( !IR LOV$ ONES4 ,! ,BRITI% /ATE /ILL HAD USE = !M4 ,AFT] ,NOVEMB] #a#i#a#h1 ACROSS BATTLEFIELDS LIKE ?OSE ( ,IEP] 7,YPRES71 ! ,IMP]IAL ,W> ,GRAVES ,COMMISSION EXHUM$ T5S ( ?\S&S ( ADHOC GRAVES & CEMET]IES4 ,GR& MONUM5TS TO SACRIFICE W]E PLANN$1 TO BE CONSECRAT$ ) ! HUMAN REMA9S ( ! WORK+ CLASS ( ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE4 

,W9/ON ,*UR*ILL FAM\SLY S\<T TO D$ICATE ! 5TIRE T[N ( ,IEP] 9 ,BELGIUM TO ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE4 ,5TIRELY DE/ROY$ BY ! W>1 ITS RU9S W]E TO /& AS AN ET]NAL MONUM5T TO ,BRITI% SACRIFICE1 EV5 IF ! ,BELGIANS HAD TO BE PREV5T$ FROM EV] RETURN+ TO !IR HOMES4 ,IEP] WAS EV5TUALLY REBUILT1 BUT NOT )\T SIGNIFICANT CONCESSION4 ,MONUM5TAL GRAVEY>DS LITT] ITS L&SCAPE4 ,! ,M59 GATE /&S OV] ! 5TRANCE TO ! T[N1 ! WORLDS 0,P,R,O ,P,A,T,R,I,A0 & 0,P,R,O ,R,E,G,E0 />E D[N FROM ABOVE1 :IL/ ITS WALLS RECORD ! NAMES ( FIFTY ?\S& SOLDI]S ( EMPIRE 0TO :OM ! =TUNES ( W> D5I$ ! KN[N & HONOR$ BURIAL GIV5 TO !IR COMRADES 9 DEA?0.<#e.>4 

,AT A PLACE CALL$ ,TYNE ,COT1 ELEV5 ?\S& N9E HUNDR$ & FIFTY F\R M>BLE HEAD/ONES /& 9 C>EFUL R[S4 ,AS Y\ 5T]1 ! CEMET]Y RISES 9 FRONT ( Y\ ON A G5TLE SLOPE4 ,! HORIZON IS CAPP$ ) A NEOCLASSICAL MONUM5T 9 M>BLE4 ,! CEMET]Y C5T]S ON A 0CROSS ( SACRIFICE01 M\NT$ ON M>BLE /AIRS & BE>+ AN IRON SWORD4 

,!SE CEMET]IES W]E DESIGN$ = A PURPOSE & TO CONVEY A MESSAGE4 ,?AT PURPOSE IS />K & APP>5T :5 Y\ CONTRA/ ! GLORI\S DEAD ( ,TYNE ,COT ) ?OSE 5TOMB$ AT ! NE>BY ,G]MAN CEMET]Y AT ,LANGEM>K4 ,AT ! C5T] ( ! CEMET]Y AT ,LANGEM>K IS A SMALL G>D51 P]HAPS T5 MET]S BY T5 MET]S4 ,IT M>KS ! SPOT :]E ! EXHUM$ REMA9S ( TW5TY F\R ?\S& ,G]MAN SOLDI]S W]E DUMP$4 

,UNADORN$1 ! PILES ( ! DEAD >E AN 9DICTM5T4 ,Y\ CANNOT LOOK UPON ! MASS GRAVE AT ,LANGEM>K & NOT DESPISE ?OSE RESPONSIBLE = ! COMMISSION ( SO MON/R\S A CRIME4 ,! FAM\S ,BRITI% W> GRAVES ( ,M59 ,GATE & ,TYNE ,COT >E NO M]E MEMORIALS2 !Y S]VE A CLE> & REACTION>Y POLITICAL PURPOSE 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! IMM$IATE PO/W> P]IOD4 ,!SE MONUM5TS S]VE TO RECA/ ! NATURE ( ! CRIME !Y RECORD4 ,ON ! WALLS ( ! ,M59 ,GATE1 ! DEAD >E NOT WORK+ CLASS CONSCRIPTS1 CALL\SLY BUT*]$ 9 ! NAME ( A LIE4 ,9/EAD !Y HAVE BECOME H]OIC FIGURES1 UNIT$ UND] ! CROSS ( SACRIFICE1 :O NOBLY /RUGGL$ = ! CAUSE4 ,! DEAD >E SANCTIFI$ 9 ! NAME ( K+ & C\NTRY1 ! CLASS BUT*]Y IS OBSCUR$ UND] A FALSE EQUALITY1 & ! CRIME ( MILIT>ISM IS RESCU$ = FUTURE USE BY ! RUL+ CLASS & ! /ATE4 ,! REMA9S ( TW5TY F\R ?\S& ,G]MAN SOLDI]S CAN BE DUMP$ 9 A PIT & =GOTT51 BUT TO ?IS DAY ! ,BRITI% & ,AU/RALIAN RUL+ CLASSES /ILL NE$ ! REMA9S & MEMORIES ( ?OSE BUT*]$ 9 ! MONUM5TAL LIE ?AT WAS ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>4 

,IT IS N[ ONE HUNDR$ YE>S S9CE T5S ( ?\S&S ( ,AU/RALIANS DI$ = ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE 9 ,EUROPE & ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,?OSE PEOPLE DI$ & KILL$ C\NTLESS O!RS BECAUSE ! ,AU/RALIAN RUL+ CLASS HAD A VITAL 9T]E/ 9 ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE1 ?AT EMPIRE ALL[$ ! ,AU/RALIAN RUL+ CLASS TO PROJECT P[] & OBTA9 RES\RCES 9 ?IS REGION WELL BEYOND ITS [N MEANS4 .<#f.> 

,ONE HUNDR$ YE>S LAT] ! ,AU/RALIAN RUL+ CLASS EAG]LY SUPPORTS & 5C\RAGES ! MILIT>Y ADV5TURES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! ?REAT ( ,U,S PROTECTION FACILITATES ! ,AU/RALIAN RUL+ CLASS'S DISPROPORTIONATE P[] 9 RELATION TO ITS IMM$IATE NEI<BORS1 & ! ,AU/RALIAN /ATE IS SP5D+ MORE ?AN ANYONE ELSE ON 0COMMEMORAT+0 A M9OR BATTLE ( ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>4 

.<#a.> ,SEE ,JAMES ,BR[N 9 ,! ,MON?LY1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#a#d4 ,T5S ( MILLIONS ( DOLL>S >E PLANN$ = NEW MUSEUMS1 C5T]S & EXHIBITS2 @s#a MILLION ( F$]AL MONEY IS BE+ SP5T ON A S+LE DAY'S COMMEMORATION 9 ,TURKEY2 @s#a#b#e1 HAS BE5 ASSIGN$ TO EA* F$]AL ELECTORATE = 0COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES0 FOCUS$ ON ! W>2 AN EV5TS COMPANY 9 ,MELB\RNE HAS POCKET$ @s#b#g MILLION TO COORD9ATE EV5TS 0ON ! DAY0 9 #b#a#e2 & PRIVATE T\R OP]ATORS >E (F]+ EV]Y?+ FROM RE-5ACTM5TS ( L&+S 9 SMALL BOATS TO A JET SKI RACE ?R\< ! ,D>DANELLE /RAITS4 

.<#b.> ,PLAGI>IZ+ ,]IC ,BOGLE1 ,NO ,MAN'S ,L&1 #aigf 

.<#c.> ,MORE ?AN ANY?+ ELSE1 REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA & !N ,G]MANY WAS ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE = 5D+ ! W>4 

.<#d.> ,= A LONG] DISCUSSION ( JU/ H[ \TRAGE\S ! ,IMP]IAL ,W> ,GRAVES ( ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> >E & ! TRAUMATIC IMPACT ?IS HAD ON ! FAMILIES ( ! DEAD1 SEE 0,W]E MANY PEOPLE UPSET :5 !Y ANN\NC$ !Y W]5'T BR++ BACK ! BODIES ,5GL&'S W> DEAD BACK AT ! 5D ( ,W,W#a80 

.<#e.> ,( ?IS DISGU/+ 7& MU* REV]$7 MONUM5T1 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> VET]AN & POET ,SIEGFRI$ ,SASSOONS WROTE 0WWW4PPU4ORG4UKL.>.<,WELL MI<T ! ,DEAD :O /RUGGL$ 9 ! SLIME1 ,RISE & D]IDE ?IS SEPUL*] ( CRIME.>.>04  

  

.<#f.> ,IT IS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ,AU/RALIA'S FIR/ ACT 9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> WAS ! SEIZURE ( ! MILIT>ILY 9SIGNIFICANT ,G]MAN COLONY 9 ,NEW ,GU9EA4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON ,M>* #a#a1 #bba FROM WEB4>*IVE4ORG47 

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