,! ,PRES5T ,\TLOOK ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ,5GL& 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,! ,:IG REVOLUTION1 :I* BEGAN ON ! FALL ( M$IEVAL SOCIETY & CULM9AT$ 9 
      ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION1 ON ! ONE H&1 & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! FACTORY 
      ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION AMID ! RU9S ( H&ICRAFT1 ON ! O!R1 SEEM$ 9 
      ! FIR/ HALF ( ?IS C5TURY TO HAVE /R&$ ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD ON A P]IOD ( 
      ACADEMICAL COMA1 HAV+ SOME ANALOGY TO ! GREAT P]IOD ( ! CLASSICAL 
      CIVILIZATION 9AUGURAT$ BY ! ACCESSION ( ,AUGU/US4 ,9 ,5GL& AT ANY RATE A 
      MODUS VIV5DI HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$ BETWE5 ! EMPLOY]S ( LABOR & 
      !IR 0H&S10 & FREE-TRADE & ! ABOLITION ( ! CORN LAWS HAD SO GREAS$ ! 
      :EELS ( FACTORY PRODUCTION ?AT1 ?\< PR(ITS W]E NOT MADE ON ! EXTRAVAGANT 
      SCALE :I* OBTA9$ 9 ! E>LI] YE>S ( ! C5TURY1 !Y W]E /ILL V]Y 
      L>GE1 & ! RESULT WAS TO 9CREASE 5ORM\SLY ! WEAL?1 NUMB]S1 & 
      CONSEQU5T P[] ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES4 ,9 POLITICS ! ,:IGS1 UND] ! NEW NAME 
      ( ,LIB]ALS1 W]E M>*+ ON TRIUMPHANTLY1 & ( FEUDAL SURVIVALS ALL BUT ! 
      SEMBLANCE WAS ABOLI%$2 & MOD]N DEMOCRACY1 ON ! BASIS ( IRRESI/IBLE1 NAY 
      UNQUE/IONABLE1 COMM]CIALISM1 SEEM$ TO BE ON ! V]Y PO9T ( BE+ FIRMLY 
      E/ABLI%$4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT 9 ,BRITA9 RELIGION LAGG$ BEH9D1 & ! 
      0FREE?9K+10 :I* HAD LONG BE5 ACCEPT$ AS AN ESS5TIAL P>T ( ! ,:IG 
      REVOLUTION ON ! CONT95T1 WAS H]E REVOLUTION>Y & UNRESPECTABLE1 AS AN OP5 
      & EXPRESS$ OP9ION1 ?\< EV5 !N ALMO/ UNIV]SAL AMONG 9TELLIG5T 
      P]SONS4 ,= ! DEEP-SEAT$ HYPOCRISY ( \R NATION 7& P]HAPS RACE71 :I* HAS 
      (T51 WRONGLY AS ,I ?9K1 BE5 DIGNIFI$ ) ! HI/ORICAL TITLE ( 
      0,PURITANISM10 W\LD NOT ALL[ FACTS TO BE FAC$ OP5LY ON ?IS SIDE ( ?+S4 
     
     

      ,AS TO LIT]ATURE & ! F9E >TS1 !RE HAD BE5 = SOME TIME A /IRR+ AMONG 
      ! DRY BONES 9 ! FIR/1 & ! NON5TITY ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 ( :I* 
      ! DULL>D ,POPE WAS ! HI<-PRIE/1 HAD BE5 9VAD$ E>LY 9 ! N9ETE5? 
      C5TURY BY ! M5 ( G5IUS ( ! DAWN+ ,ROMANTIC S*OOL4 ,POETRY BEGAN AGA9 & 
      IT BECAME ONCE MORE POSSIBLE TO =GET ! MIS]IES ( REAL LIFE BY BURY+ ONESELF 
      9 ! IDEALITIES ( ! GREAT 9V5TORS4 
     
     

      ,BUT LIT]ATURE1 LESS ?AN ANY ( ! >TS1 DEP5DS ON ITS SURR\ND+S1 & ! 
      IMAG9ATION ( ?OSE :O HAVE /EEP$ !MSELVES 9 ! LIFE ( S]I\S P]IODS ( 
      HI/ORY1 AS %[ US BY !IR /ILL EXI/+ WORKS1 CAN FREE ITSELF FROM ! 
      UGL9ESS & TRIVIALITIES ( TO-DAY & PRODUCE SOME?+ :I* IS NOT ALI5 9 
      IDEA FROM ! LIV+ >T ( ! PA/4 ,>T1 9 ITS N>R[] S5SE1 IS NOT SO 
      =TUNATE1 & ON ALL H&S CAN BE OPPRESS$ BY ITS SURR\ND+S4 ,ON ?IS SIDE1 
      :5 ! :OLE WORLD IS SICK1 ! M5 ( SPECIAL TAL5T OR G5IUS %>E ! 
      SICKNESS 9 ONE WAY OR O!R2 EI!R !IR S5SE ( BEAUTY IS DEAD5$1 OR !Y 
      SEEK = EXPRESSION ( IT 9 FI]CE ANTAGONISM TO ! LIFE & ?\<T ( ! 
      PASS+ TIME1 & ! PRES5T PUBLIC EI!R CORRUPTS OR NEGLECTS !M4 ,9 ?IS 
      P]IOD ( ,:IG ASC5DANCY1 !RE=E1 >T WAS1 LET US SAY1 LY+ ASLEEP1 & ITS 
      CONDITION WAS NOT ILL EXPRESS$ BY ! /UPIDITY & EMPT9ESS ( ! ,LONDON 
      ,EXHIBITION ( #ahea - ! FIR/ ( ! S]IES ( ADV]TIS+ %[S :I* HAVE S9CE 
      CURS$ ! WORLD ) !IR PRET5TI\S TRIVIALITY4 ,EV5 ! PA9T]S ( PICTURES1 
      ! PRODUC]S ( >T :O APPROA* NE>] ?AN O!RS TO ! M5 ( 9V5TIVE 
      LIT]ATURE1 W]E SUNK L[ 9DE$4 ,H]E & !RE WAS A MAN :O ROSE ABOVE HIS 
      FELL[S 9TO SOME?+ LIKE G5IUS1 ?\< EV5 HIS AIMS W]E NOT HI<1 NOR HIS 
      SCOPE WIDE1 AS ,TURN] = 9/ANCE2 H]E & !RE A MAN ( UNQUE/IONABLE 9DU/RY 
      & CONSCI5TI\SNESS1 AS ,MACLISE2 BUT1 AS = ! G5]AL BODY ( 0>TI/S0 AS 
      !Y W]E CALL$1 !Y W]E AB\T WOR?Y ( ! SOME:AT VULG> CONTEMPT %[]$ 
      UPON !M 9 ,?ACK]AY'S NOVELS4 ,9 %ORT1 NO MAN ( S5SE EV] TR\BL$ HIMSELF 
      AB\T 0HI< >T10 EXCEPTAS A MATT] ( (FICIALISM1 OR AS A PIECE ( AFFECTATION 
      :I* HIS POSITION 9 SOCIETY =C$ UPON HIM4 
     
     

      ,AS = >*ITECTURE & ITS K9DR$ >TS1 PEOPLE SC>CELY KNEW ( ! EXI/5CE ( 
      SU* ?+S4 ,/UPID UGL9ESS WAS WOR%IP$ UND] ! NAME ( SIMPLICITY OR 
      G5TLEMANLY RE/RA9T4 ,BEAUTY OR 9CID5T WAS NOT SO MU* AS ?\<T (4 ,EV5 ! 
      ACTIVE HATR$ ( BEAUTY1 :I* ! ,PHILI/9E CULTIVATES ) SU* S+LE-M9D$ 
      >DOR TO-DAY1 IMPLIES A SOME:AT BETT] POSITION = ! >TS ?AN ! SORDID 
      DULLNESS ( ! TRIUMPHANT ,:IGG]Y ( ! 0FIFTIES40 
     
     

      ,COMM]CE1 ! ONLY ?+ NE$FUL2 POLITICS1 ! SLAVE ( ! M>KETS2 LIT]ATURE1 
      EXI/+ ONLY 9 REBELLION2 >T =GOTT51 BEAUTY DEAD3 ?IS1 IT SEEM$1 WAS TO BE 
      ! ULTIMATE GA9 ( 0,! HEIR ( ALL ! AGES 9 ! =EMO/ FILES ( TIME40 
     
     

      ,SEEM$ - BUT1 SL[LY AS ! C\RSE ( EV5TS 9 MOD]N TIMES CRAWLS ALONG1 A *ANGE 
      HAS BEGUN TO %[ )9 ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S4 ,9 ECONOMICS ! PR9CIPLE (  
      LAISSEZ FAIRE1 :I* 9 ! P]IOD ABOVE SPOK5 ( SEEM$ TO HAVE BE5 
      ACCEPT$ AS IRREVOCABLE BY /ATESMAN & DU/MAN ALIKE1 HAS BE5 BL[N TO ! W9DS 
      MORE 9 PRACTICE EV5 ?AN 9 !ORY1 & COLLECTIVE ACTION IS ADMITT$ EV]Y:]E 
      TO BE ! MA*9]Y ?R\< :I* WE MU/ ( NECESSITY /RIVE TO MAKE ! BE/ ( 
      \R SURR\ND+S4 ,9 POLITICS1 IF !Y HAVE NOT BECOME MORE DEMOCRATIC 9 ! OLD 
      S5SE ( ! WORD1 ! WORD ITSELF HAS *ANG$ ITS MEAN+1 & NO LONG] SIGNIFIES 
      A CONS5SUS ( ! RI* MIDDLE CLASSES1 BUT RA!R ! GA!R+ ( OP9ION ( ! 
      WORK+ CLASSES1 NOT1 IT MU/ BE ADMITT$1 = ! PURPOSE ( 5ABL+ !M TO 
      MANAGE !IR [N AFFAIRS 7  I4E41 ! BE/ ME?OD = ! 
      PRODUCTION ( COMMON UTILITIES71 BUT AT LEA/ TO LET ! GOV]N+ OR POSSESS+ 
      CLASS F9D \T :AT /EPS MAY BE NECESS>Y TO BE TAK5 TO MAKE ! ONLY USEFUL 
      CLASS ( ! COMMUNITY TEMPOR>ILY CONT5T$4 
     
     

      ,9 LIT]ATURE & ! >TS AGA9 !RE HAS BE5 SOME /IRR+ ( ! DRY BONES1 
      ?\< ,I CANNOT ?9K IT HAS BE5 EI!R DEEP OR WIDELY SPREAD4 ,YET WE HAVE SE5 A 
      MAN1 :OSE POETRY WAS ONCE ?\<T ! V]Y ACME ( WILD ECC5TRICITY1 DY+ A PE] 
      ( ! REALM )\T HAV+ TO MAKE ANY CONSID]ABLE RECANTATION2 & ! ,ROMANTIC 
      S*OOL SO SUCCESSFUL ?AT IT IS N[ RA!R REBELL$ AGA9/ ?AN REBELL+4 ,9 ! 
      >TS1 [+ *IEFLY TO ! 5]GY & G5IUS ( ?REE Y\NG M5 - ,ROSSETTI1 ,HOLMAN 
      ,HUNT1 & ,MILLAIS1 - IT IS AT LEA/ POSSIBLE = PA9T]S ( PICTURES TO LIVE BY 
      GIV+ !IR G5IUS FREE SCOPE1 IF !Y HAVE IT 9 !M1 H[EV] SORE ! /RUGGLE 
      MAY BE AGA9/ !IR ISOLAT$ POSITION :I* D5IES !M ! SUPPORT ( A 
      REASONABLE UNBROK5 TRADITION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 [+ TO ! G5U9E 9/9CT = ! 
      /UDY ( HI/ORY :I* IS A BIR? ( !SE LATT] DAYS1 !RE HAS GR[N UP SOME 
      APPRECIATION ( ! GREAT >*ITECTURAL WORKS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 & A C]TA9 
      NUMB] ( HI<LY $UCAT$ & REF9$ M5 HAVE N[ = SOME TIME BE5 /RUGGL+ 
      AGA9/ ! HIDE\SNESS ( \R MOD]N /REETS BY DESIGN+ BUILD+S :I* !Y 
      HAVE /RIV5 HONE/LY & NOT )\T SUCCESS TO MAKE AT ONCE BEAUTIFUL & USEFUL3 
      ?\< IT IS TRUE ?AT !SE BUILD+S MU/ ( NECESSITY BE MORE OR LESS IMITATIVE 
      ( ! WORK ( PA/ AGES2 & ALSO ?AT ! MOVEM5T ?AT HAS HAD ITS RISE 9 ! 
      /UDY ( HI/ORIC >T HAS BORN ) IT ! DISADVANTAGE ?AT ! PUBLIC LOOKS ) 
      FAVOR ON ! PREPO/]\S ATTEMPT TO 0RE/ORE10 AS IT IS CALL$1 \R ANCI5T 
      MONUM5TS1 :I* HAVE SUFF]$ SO MU* FROM ! NEGLECT & IGNORANCE ( ! 
      PO/-M$IEVAL P]IOD1 TO !IR 7SUPPOS$7 ORIG9AL /ATE2 = ?\< WE MAY HAVE 
      LE>N$ HI/ORY 5\< TO CEASE TO LOOK UPON \R ANCE/ORS AS A SET ( SAVAGES 
      :OSE LIVES & DE$S SPRANG FROM NO VISIBLE CAUSES 9 ! PA/1 & L$ TO NO 
      CONSEQU5CES 9 ! FUTURE1 WE HAVE NOT YET GRASP$ ! KN[L$GE ?AT !SE 
      MONUM5TS ( >T SPRANG FROM ! CONDITIONS ( SOCIETY AMID :I* !Y 
      W]E PRODUC$2 ?AT ! >T ( A PEOPLE1 AS DI/9CT FROM A FEW +5I\S & GIFT$ 
      M5 LIV+ ISOLAT$ FROM ! PEOPLE1 MU/ ( NECESSITY BE AN ESS5TIAL GR[? FROM 
      ! LIFE ( ! EPO*4 
     
     

      ,9DE$1 IT IS BECAUSE ,I HAVE SO ?OR\<LY LE>N$ ?IS LESSON MYSELF 7AS ,I ?9K71 
      ?AT ,I MU/ NE$S LOOK UPON ! >T & LIT]ATURE ( !SE DAYS AS BUT MATT]S BY 
      ! WAY1 & SOME?+ )\T ROOT OR ORGANIC GR[?4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT !Y WILL 
      FL\RI% AGA91 RIS+ MAYBE FROM ! SCANTY TRADITION LEFT US1 OR MAYBE FROM A NEW 
      BIR?1 - :I* WE N[ CANNOT SO MU* AS CONCEIVE (1 - :5 A NEW SOCIETY HAS BE5 
      REALIZ$1 ! HOPE ( :I* 7AS ,I DEEM71 IS ! ONE BRI<T SPOT 9 ! C5TURY & 
      IS N[ GR[+ CLE>] TO US4 
     
     

      ,= EV5 N[ AT ! BOTTOM ( ! *ANGE ABOVE SAID 9 ECONOMICS & POLITICS1 9 
      LIT]ATURE & >T1 LIES A GREAT *ANGE 9 OP9ION1 :I* HAS PRODUC$ ! VISIBLE 
      NEW BIR? ( ,SOCIALISM2 A NEW BIR? DIMLY =E%AD[$ AT ! TIME ( ! ,FR5* 
      REVOLUTION BY ! OP9IONS & ATTEMPTS ( SU* M5 AS ,BABEUF & ! ,UTOPI/S4 ,! 
      PUBLIC OP9ION PO9TS T[>D A NEW SOCIETY F\ND$ ON EQUALITY ( CONDITION1 & 
      ! ASSOCIATION ( EQUALS4 ,! FIR/ ( !SE HAS BE5 MA9LY 9 ABEYANCE S9CE ! 
      TIME ( ! POV]TY ( TRIBAL SOCIETY3 ! SECOND1 AFT] PLAY+ A PR9CIPAL P>T 
      9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! GREAT 5]GY ( ! ,MIDDLE 
      ,AGES1 FELL ) !M UND] ! TRIPLE ATTACK ( BUREAUCRACY1 POLITICAL NATIONALISM1 
      & ! LU/ = MAT]IAL ADVANCEM5T4 ,BUT1 UNLESS !Y >E ONCE AGA9 TO BECOME 
      ! ROOT PR9CIPLES ( A TRUE SOCIETY1 ,I = MY P>T CAN SEE NO?+ = IT BUT A 
      CONT9U\S DEGRADATION ( \R FALSE SOCIETY UNTIL IT DISAPPE>S 9 A *AOS CAUS$ 
      BY GRE$ & SUFF]+4 
     
     

      ,BUT ,I REPEAT ?AT ! ASS]TION ( !SE PR9CIPLES IS ALREADY BE+ MADE1 NOT 
      M]ELY BY SMALL KNOTS ( ,SOCIALI/ PREA*]S1 BUT BY ! WORK+-CLASSES G5]ALLY4 
      ,TRADES ,UNIONISM IS LOS+ ITS OLD N>R[NESS1 & IS LE>N+ ?AT IT MU/ NOT 
      *AMPION ?IS OR ?AT TRADE OR OCCUPATION AGA9/ ! G5]AL PUBLIC2 ?AT IT MU/ 
      NO LONG] BE ! C>P5T]S AGA9/ ! PUBLIC1 OR ! M9]S AGA9/ ! PUBLIC1 - 
      BUT ! :OLE BODY ( PRODUC]S AGA9/ ! NON-PRODUC]S :O EXPLOIT !M2 ?AT1 
      9 %ORT1 ! PRODUC]S MU/ CLAIM ! RI<T TO MANAGE !IR [N AFFAIRS4 ,:5 ?IS 
      LESSON IS LE>N$ ?OR\<LY1 ,I CANNOT SEE H[ ! CLAIM CAN BE RESI/$2 & ?AT 
      MORE ESPECIALLY 9 A C\NTRY LIKE ,GREAT ,BRITA91 ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( :I* 
      DEP5DS UPON HI<LY ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RIES4 
     
     

      ,MEANTIME1 ,I SAY1 ! LESSON IS BE+ LE>N$1 D\BTLESS 9 A R\< & UNSY/EMATIC 
      WAY 5\<2 YET NO ONE :O IS CONV]SANT ) WORK+-CLASS POLITICS CAN DISPUTE 
      ?AT ! ATTITUDE ( ! WORKM5 T[>D ,SOCIALISM HAS QUITE ALT]$ )9 ! LA/ 
      TWELVE YE>S1 & ?AT A CLAIM = RECOGNITION AS CITIZ5S HAS BE5 PUT =W>D BY 
      !M1 TO :I* ALL CLASSES ( SOCIETY HAVE BE5 =C$ TO PAY SOME ATT5TION4 ,BO? 
      ! !ORY & PRACTICE ( EV5 ULTRA ,LIB]ALS AS TO ! RELATION ( ! 
      WORKM5 ( ! ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RIES 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA9 TO !IR EMPLOY]S1 9 ! 
      DAYS :5 ,JOHN ,BRI<T WAS REG>D$ BY ! PROSP]\S MIDDLE CLASS AS A DANG]\S 
      DEMOCRAT & TRIBUNE ( ! PEOPLE1 WAS ?AT ! WORKMAN1 AS WORKMAN1 WAS A P>T ( 
      ! MA*9]Y ( PR(ITABLE PRODUCTION1 ?AT !RE W]E C]TA9 LAWS ( NATURE ?AT 
      GOV]N$ ! ACTION ( ! MA*9E1 - ALWAYS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ?OSE :O [N$ & 
      CONTROLL$ IT1 ! SUCCESSFUL MIDDLE CLASS TO WIT1 - & ?AT ! MEMB]S ( ! 
      MA*9E MU/ SUBMIT PATI5TLY TO ANY SUFF]+ :I* RESULT$ FROM ! ACTION ( 
      ?OSE NATURAL LAWS4 ,!RE WAS LITTLE = ! WORKM5 TO COMPLA9 ( 9 ?IS1 IT WAS 
      ?\<T1 BECAUSE IT WAS NOT DIFFICULT = ANY ( !M :O W]E ABOVE ! AV]AGE TO 
      RISE AT LEA/ 9TO ! L[] MIDDLE CLASS1 & MO/ PROBABLY 9TO ! HI<] RANKS 
      ( IT2 TO BECOME 9 %ORT FROM A M]E 0H&0 A =EMAN1 ! MANAG] ( ! 
      DEP>TM5T1 OR (T5 5\< ( A FACTORY ITSELF4 ,AS = :AT WAS BEL[ ! AV]AGE 
      ?AT WAS ITS LOOK\T1 & ITS COMPLA9TS W\LD NOT DO ANY?+ TO TURN ! 
      C\RSE ( ! 0NATURAL LAW40 ,?IS1 ,I SAY1 WAS ! !ORY OR PRACTICE ( SU* M5 AS 
      ,JOHN ,BRI<T & HIS P>TY2 BUT ! MA*9E = ! PRODUCTION ( PR(ITS HAS 
      PROTE/$ AGA9/ ! ACTION ( ! NATURAL LAW - :I* MU/ ( NECESSITY DEGRADE 
      EV]Y MAN :O C\LD NOT /RUGGLE UP 9TO ! COMP>ATIVELY FEW PLACES :I* W]E TO 
      BE HAD AMONG ! SUP]9T5D5TS ( LABOR1 - & BY V>I\S REVOLTS1 /RIKES & 
      SO =?1 ! CLAIM ( CITIZ5%IP HAS1 AS A=ESAID1 BE5 MADE BY WORK+-M5 AS 
      LIV+ ON WEEKLY WAGES1 & NOT AS WORK+M5 :OSE SAV+S GAVE !M SOME 
      %>E 9 ! PRIVILEGE ( CAPITAL4 
     
     

      ,= A LONG TIME ! /RUGGLE WAS BL9D & N>R[1 BUT )9 ! LA/ FEW YE>S IT 
      HAS BECOME A CONSCI\S /RIFE = AT LEA/ SOME RECOGNITION ( ! SOCIAL RI<TS ( 
      CITIZ5S ON BEHALF ( ALL WORKM5 WILL+ TO EX]CISE !IR LABOR P[]2 
      &1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! POSSESS+ CLASSES HAVE PRACTICALLY ADMITT$ ! 
      NECESSITY ( A 0LIV+ WAGE0 = ! WORKM51 EV5 ?\< ?AT MU/ BE TAK5 FROM 
      ! PR(ITS ( ! EMPLOY]S4 ,A HI<] /&>D ( COM=T1 MORE LEISURE1 LESS 
      PREC>I\S EMPLOYM5T2 !SE ?+S AT LEA/1 IT IS ADMITT$1 MU/ BE GRANT$ BY 
      ! PRES5T SY/EM TO ! WORK+-CLASSES1 - IF ! PRES5T SY/EM CAN DO IT - BUT 
      CAN IT8 ,! ANSW] TO ?AT MU/ BE F\ND 9 ! ANSW] TO ANO!R QUE/ION3 ,>E ! 
      9T]E/S ( ! EMPLOY]S & ! EMPLOY$ ! SAME8 ,NO1 MU/ BE ! ANSW]1 !Y 
      >E OPPOS$4 ,& IF ?AT BE ! CASE1 H[ CAN ! VITAL QUE/IONS BE DISCUSS$ & 
      SETTL$ ) ! MUTUAL ASS5T ( ! TWO P>TIES TO ! QU>REL8 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT 
      !Y CANNOT BE4 ,:5 ,I M5TION$ ! /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ CLASSES = 
      CITIZ5%IP ,I MEANT TO USE ! WORD LIT]ALLY & NOT METAPHORICALLY4 ,! BATTLE 
      MU/ BE F\<T \T BETWE5 ! PRIVILEG$ & ! USEFUL CLASSES1 BE=E ! LATT] 
      CAN W9 ANY SOLID OR LA/+ B5EFITS = ! :OLE MASS4 ,& ,I HAVE NO D\BT ?AT 
      IT WILL GO ON ) EV]-9CREAS+ /RESS4 ,! CONCESSIONS MADE BY ! PRIVILEG$ 
      CLASSES TO ! USEFUL ONES WILL GR[ GREAT] & MORE IMPORTANT1 AS ! WORK+-M5 
      SEE CLE>] 9TO !IR POSITION1 & KN[ :AT IT IS ESS5TIAL = !M TO CLAIM2 
      ! PRIVILEG$ WILL CONC$E !SE ) MU* ! SAME AM\NT ( PRESSURE AS =CES 
      !M TO YIELD TO PRES5T & UNIMPORTANT DEM&S1 SOME ( :I* AT ANY RATE >E N[ 
      US$ = LITTLE ELSE ?AN BANN]S TO :I* TO RALLY ?OSE :O >E YET PURBL9D TO 
      ! NECESSITIES ( A REAL NEW SOCIETY4 ,SO IT WILL GO ON TILL IT WILL BE F\ND AT 
      LA/ ?AT EV]Y?+ ESS5TIAL HAS BE5 YIELD$ BY PRIVILEGE1 & PROBABLY ! LA/ 
      OPPOSITION WILL BE FEEBLE & =MAL1 & WILL BE EASILY ?RU/ ASIDE4 
     
     

      ,IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$ ?AT1 ON ! ONE H&1 ! TOK5S ?AT ?IS GREAT *ANGE 9 
      SOCIETY IS ON ! WAY >E NO LONG] M]ELY ! SPREAD ( ACADEMIC DISCUSSION1 OR 
      ! SETT+ =? ( ,UTOPIAS ) !IR ROOTS 9 ! AIR1 BUT ! ATTEMPTS TO DEAL 
      ) 0PRACTICAL0 QUE/IONS CONC]N+ ! PRES5T DAILY LIFE ( ! GREAT] P>T ( 
      ! POPULATION2 :ILE1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! IDEAS ( A ,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY >E 
      PRETTY MU* ACCEPT$ BY ?OSE :O CAN BY ANY /RET* ( LANGUAGE BE CALL$ ?9K+ 
      PEOPLE 7AMONG :OM ,I DO NOT 9CLUDE ! PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIANS74 ,ALMO/ ! ONLY 
      OPPOSITION (F]$ TO !M COMES FROM %E] PESSIMI/S1 OR ?OSE :O >E NOT 
      A%AM$ TO CONFESS !IR ADH]5CE TO ! SORDID CYNICISM ( GRE$4 ,H[ CAN ! NEW 
      SOCIETY F\ND$ ON EQUALITY & ASSOCIATION BE BR\<T AB\T8 IS ! REAL QUE/ION 
      :I* IS ASK$ BY ALL ?OSE :O WI% = CONDITIONS ( LIFE 9 ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD 
      :I* WILL 5ABLE ALL GR\PS ( SOCIETY TO LIVE ) SELF-RESPECT & MANLY 
      PLEASURE4 
     
     

      ,N[ ,I HAVE PRACTICALLY SAID ?AT1 BROADLY SPEAK+1 ! *ANGE MU/ COME AB\T BY 
      ! USEFUL CLASSES GETT+ GRADUALLY $UCAT$ TO A S5SE ( !IR DUE CLAIMS & 
      RESPONSIBILITIES1 &1 AS A RESULT1 GO+ ON /EADILY BEAT+ D[N COMM]CIAL & 
      ECONOMIC PRIVILEGE1 AS !IR =]UNN]S ! ,:IGS1 :OSE DAY CULM9AT$ 9 ! 
      ,FR5* REVOLUTION1 BEAT D[N ! SURVIVALS ( FEUDAL PRIVILEGE4 
     
     

      ,AS TO :AT IS GO+ ON OBVI\SLY AT PRES5T 9 ! WORLD ( POLITICS1 A FEW WORDS 
      WILL BE 5\< ON ?AT SUBJECT1 AS ,I CANNOT DEEM IT TO BE ( SO MU* IMPORTANCE AS 
      MANY PEOPLE ?9K4 ,WE HAVE REC5TLY GONE ?R\< A G5]AL ELECTION 9 ,GREAT 
      ,BRITA91 ! RESULTS ( :I* HAVE MADE ! GROSSE/ REACTIONI/S 7! ,TORIES7 
      JUBILANT1 & ,I SUSPECT HAVE GIV5 SOME PLEASURE1 EV5 AMID !IR DEFEAT1 TO ! 
      ORD9>Y ,LIB]AL POLITICIANS4 
     
     

      ,! OV]:ELM+ ,TORY VICTORY HAS 9DE$ SEEM$ TO SOME ( \R P>TY TO MEAN RA!R 
      A DEFEAT ( ! ,:IGS ?AN ( ! ,PROGRESSIVES2 BUT1 ?\< ?IS SEEMS PLAUSIBLE 9 
      VIEW ( SOME ( ! 9CID5TS ( ! CONTE/1 ,I %\LD RA!R PUT D[N ! VICTORY 
      TO A /RONG RALLY ( ALL ?AT IS REACTION>Y AGA9/ EV]Y?+ :I* SEEMS 
      PROGRESSIVE TO ! REACTIONI/S1 FROM M]E ,:IG ,LIB]ALISM TO DEF9ITE ,SOCIALISM1 - 
      :I* RALLY1 IF PROP]LY ORGANIZ$1 WAS SURE TO BE SUCCESSFUL3 SO ?AT IT WAS 
      RA!R ! ,LIB]ALS :O W]E DEFEAT$ ALONG ) ! ,SOCIALI/S ?AN ! ,SOCIALI/S 
      ALONG ) ! ,LIB]ALS4 ,9 O!R WORDS !RE WAS1 & IS1 AN 9/9CT AMONG ! 
      REACTION>IES ?AT ! ,SOCIALI/S HAVE BE5 LEAD+ ! ,LIB]ALS & >E ! REAL 
      5EMIES1 & IT IS A TRUE 9/9CT1 ?\< POLITICS1 LIKE POV]TY1 MAKES /RANGE 
      B$FELL[S1 & IT IS RA!R AMUS+ TO SEE SOME ( \R ,:IG FRI5DS DISMISS$ FROM 
      !IR SEATS ON ! GR\ND ( !IR BE+ ! ALLIES ( DANG]\S REVOLUTION>IES4 
     
     

      ,= ! RE/ IT WAS CLE> ?AT :5EV] ! REACTION>IES *OSE TO ADM9I/] SU* 
      A *ECK TO ,SOCIALISM !Y C\LD DO SO ) C]TA9TY ( SUCCESS1 S9CE !RE IS NO 
      ,SOCIALI/ P>TY 9 ,5GL&2 IT HAS 9DE$ CEAS$ TO BE M]ELY A SECT OR A 0*UR*0 
      AS IT WAS SOME FIFTE5 YE>S AGO1 BUT HAS NEV] GA9$ ANY ORGANIZATION2 ITS 
      /R5G?1 AS WELL AS ITS WEAKNESS1 LIES 9 ITS BE+ AN OP9ION RA!R 
      ?AN A P>TY4 ,YET IT WAS L>GELY ! FE> ( ! REACTIONI/S ?AT IT WAS BECOM+ 
      A P>TY :I* CAUS$ ! SUCCESSFUL ATTACK ( ! ELECTION ON PROGRESS G5]ALLY4 
      ,& TO MY M9D ! ANSW] TO ?AT ATTACK %\LD BE TO ORGANIZE A REAL DEF9ITE 
      ,SOCIALI/ P>TY1 &1 = ! SAKE ( ! NECESS>Y GA91 TO ACCEPT ! PROBABLE 
      DANG]S ( SU* A POSITION4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT A WIDE-SPREAD OP9ION CANNOT BE 
      DEFEAT$1 & NE$ NOT FE> ! TEMPOR>Y DECISION ( ! BALLOT-BOX2 BUT TO SU* A 
      DECISION IT MU/ COME AT LA/1 UNLESS IT IS CONT5T$ TO ACT 9DIRECTLY ?R\< 
      O!R P>TIES1 :I* MAY ?R[ IT OV] AT ANY POLITICAL EXIG5CY1 & MU/ ALWAYS 
      BE DO+ HESITAT+LY & BL9DLY4 
     
     

      ,TO SUM UP !RE=E AS TO ! ,SOCIALI/ \TLOOK3 ,!RE IS NO PROGRESS POSSIBLE TO 
      ,EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION SAVE 9 ! DIRECTION ( ,SOCIALISM2 = ! ,:IG OR 
      ,9DIVIDUALI/ IDEA :I* DE/ROY$ ! M$IEVAL IDEA ( ASSOCIATION1 & CULM9AT$ 
      9 ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION & ! RISE ( ! GREAT 9DU/RIES 9 ,5GL&1 HAS 
      FULFILL$ ITS FUNCTION OR WORK$ ITSELF \T4 
     
     

      ,! ,SOCIALI/IC IDEA HAS AT LA/ TAK5 HOLD ( ! WORKM51 EV5 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91 
      & !Y >E PU%+ IT =W>D PRACTICALLY1 ?\< 9 A VAGUE & UNORGANIZ$ 
      MANN]4 
     
     

      ,! GOV]N+ CLASSES FEEL !MSELVES COMPELL$ TO YIELD MORE OR LESS TO ! VAGUE 
      DEM&S ( ! WORKM54 ,BUT1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! DEF9ITELY REACTION>Y =CES 
      ( ! C\NTRY HAVE WOK5 UP TO ! DANG] TO PRIVILEGE 9VOLV$ 9 ?OSE DEM&S1 
      & >E ATTACK+ ,SOCIALISM 9 FRONT 9/EAD ( PASS+ IT BY 9 CONTEMPTU\S 
      SIL5CE4 
     
     

      ,! G5]AL IDEA ( ,SOCIALISM IS WIDELY ACCEPT$ AMONG ! ?\<TFUL P>T ( ! 
      MIDDLE CLASSES1 EV5 :]E !IR TIMIDITY PREV5TS !M FROM DEF9ITELY JO9+ ! 
      MOVEM5T4 
     
     

      ,! OLD POLITICAL P>TIES HAVE LO/ !IR TRADITIONAL %IBBOLE?S1 & >E ONLY 
      HANG+ ON TILL ! NEW P>TY 7:I* CAN ONLY BE A ,SOCIALI/ ONE7 IS 
      =M$3 ! ,:IG & ,TORIES WILL !N COALESCE TO OPPOSE IT2 ! ,RADICALS WILL SOME 
      ( !M JO9 ?IS REACTION>Y P>TY1 & SOME WILL BE ABSORB$ BY ! ,SOCIALI/ 
      RANKS4 ,?AT ?IS PROCESS IS ALREADY GO+ ON IS %[N BY ! LA/ G5]AL ELECTION4 
      ,SOCIALISM HAS NOT YET =M$ A P>TY 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91 BUT IT IS ESS5TIAL ?AT IT 
      %\LD DO SO1 & NOT BECOME A M]E TAIL ( ! ,:IG ,LIB]AL P>TY1 :I* WILL ONLY 
      USE IT = ITS [N PURPOSES & ?R[ IT OV] :5 IT CONV5I5TLY CAN4 
     
     

      ,?IS ,SOCIALI/ P>TY MU/ 9CLUDE ! :OLE ( ! G5U9E LABOR MOVEM5T1 ?AT IS1 
      :ATEV] 9 IT IS F\ND$ ON PR9CIPLE1 & IS NOT A M]E TEMPOR>Y BUS9ESS 
      SQUABBLE2 IT MU/ ALSO 9CLUDE ALL ?AT IS DEF9ITELY ,SOCIALI/ AMONG ! MIDDLE 
      CLASS2 & IT MU/ HAVE A SIMPLE TEXT 9 ACCORDANCE ) ONE AIM1 - ! REALIZATION 
      ( A NEW SOCIETY F\ND$ ON ! PRACTICAL EQUALITY ( CONDITION = ALL1 & 
      G5]AL ASSOCIATION = ! SATISFACTION ( ! NE$S ( ?OSE EQUALS4 
     
     

      ,! SOON] ?IS P>TY IS =M$1 & ! REACTIONI/S F9D !MSELVES FACE TO FACE 
      ) ! ,SOCIALI/S1 ! BETT]4 ,= :ATEV] *ECKS IT MAY MEET ) ON ! WAY1 
      IT WILL GET TO ITS GOAL AT LA/ & ,SOCIALISM WILL MELT 9TO  
      SOCIETY4 
     
     

      ,! ,=UM .<,U,S.>1 ,APRIL #a#h#i#f1 PP4 #a#i#c-#b4 
     

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#h1 #bba 3 ,! ,PRES5T ,\TLOOK ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ,5GL& -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,PRES5T ,\TLOOK ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ,5GL& -- ,UPDAT$4 

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