,! ,PRES5T ,\TLOOK ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ,5GL&
,PEOPLE 3
,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS
,TEXT 3
,! ,:IG REVOLUTION1 :I* BEGAN ON ! FALL ( M$IEVAL SOCIETY & CULM9AT$ 9
! ,FR5* REVOLUTION1 ON ! ONE H&1 & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! FACTORY
ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION AMID ! RU9S ( H&ICRAFT1 ON ! O!R1 SEEM$ 9
! FIR/ HALF ( ?IS C5TURY TO HAVE /R&$ ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD ON A P]IOD (
ACADEMICAL COMA1 HAV+ SOME ANALOGY TO ! GREAT P]IOD ( ! CLASSICAL
CIVILIZATION 9AUGURAT$ BY ! ACCESSION ( ,AUGU/US4 ,9 ,5GL& AT ANY RATE A
MODUS VIV5DI HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$ BETWE5 ! EMPLOY]S ( LABOR &
!IR 0H&S10 & FREE-TRADE & ! ABOLITION ( ! CORN LAWS HAD SO GREAS$ !
:EELS ( FACTORY PRODUCTION ?AT1 ?\< PR(ITS W]E NOT MADE ON ! EXTRAVAGANT
SCALE :I* OBTA9$ 9 ! E>LI] YE>S ( ! C5TURY1 !Y W]E /ILL V]Y
L>GE1 & ! RESULT WAS TO 9CREASE 5ORM\SLY ! WEAL?1 NUMB]S1 &
CONSEQU5T P[] ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES4 ,9 POLITICS ! ,:IGS1 UND] ! NEW NAME
( ,LIB]ALS1 W]E M>*+ ON TRIUMPHANTLY1 & ( FEUDAL SURVIVALS ALL BUT !
SEMBLANCE WAS ABOLI%$2 & MOD]N DEMOCRACY1 ON ! BASIS ( IRRESI/IBLE1 NAY
UNQUE/IONABLE1 COMM]CIALISM1 SEEM$ TO BE ON ! V]Y PO9T ( BE+ FIRMLY
E/ABLI%$4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT 9 ,BRITA9 RELIGION LAGG$ BEH9D1 & !
0FREE?9K+10 :I* HAD LONG BE5 ACCEPT$ AS AN ESS5TIAL P>T ( ! ,:IG
REVOLUTION ON ! CONT95T1 WAS H]E REVOLUTION>Y & UNRESPECTABLE1 AS AN OP5
& EXPRESS$ OP9ION1 ?\< EV5 !N ALMO/ UNIV]SAL AMONG 9TELLIG5T
P]SONS4 ,= ! DEEP-SEAT$ HYPOCRISY ( \R NATION 7& P]HAPS RACE71 :I* HAS
(T51 WRONGLY AS ,I ?9K1 BE5 DIGNIFI$ ) ! HI/ORICAL TITLE (
0,PURITANISM10 W\LD NOT ALL[ FACTS TO BE FAC$ OP5LY ON ?IS SIDE ( ?+S4
,AS TO LIT]ATURE & ! F9E >TS1 !RE HAD BE5 = SOME TIME A /IRR+ AMONG
! DRY BONES 9 ! FIR/1 & ! NON5TITY ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 ( :I*
! DULL>D ,POPE WAS ! HI<-PRIE/1 HAD BE5 9VAD$ E>LY 9 ! N9ETE5?
C5TURY BY ! M5 ( G5IUS ( ! DAWN+ ,ROMANTIC S*OOL4 ,POETRY BEGAN AGA9 &
IT BECAME ONCE MORE POSSIBLE TO =GET ! MIS]IES ( REAL LIFE BY BURY+ ONESELF
9 ! IDEALITIES ( ! GREAT 9V5TORS4
,BUT LIT]ATURE1 LESS ?AN ANY ( ! >TS1 DEP5DS ON ITS SURR\ND+S1 & !
IMAG9ATION ( ?OSE :O HAVE /EEP$ !MSELVES 9 ! LIFE ( S]I\S P]IODS (
HI/ORY1 AS %[ US BY !IR /ILL EXI/+ WORKS1 CAN FREE ITSELF FROM !
UGL9ESS & TRIVIALITIES ( TO-DAY & PRODUCE SOME?+ :I* IS NOT ALI5 9
IDEA FROM ! LIV+ >T ( ! PA/4 ,>T1 9 ITS N>R[] S5SE1 IS NOT SO
=TUNATE1 & ON ALL H&S CAN BE OPPRESS$ BY ITS SURR\ND+S4 ,ON ?IS SIDE1
:5 ! :OLE WORLD IS SICK1 ! M5 ( SPECIAL TAL5T OR G5IUS %>E !
SICKNESS 9 ONE WAY OR O!R2 EI!R !IR S5SE ( BEAUTY IS DEAD5$1 OR !Y
SEEK = EXPRESSION ( IT 9 FI]CE ANTAGONISM TO ! LIFE & ?\<T ( !
PASS+ TIME1 & ! PRES5T PUBLIC EI!R CORRUPTS OR NEGLECTS !M4 ,9 ?IS
P]IOD ( ,:IG ASC5DANCY1 !RE=E1 >T WAS1 LET US SAY1 LY+ ASLEEP1 & ITS
CONDITION WAS NOT ILL EXPRESS$ BY ! /UPIDITY & EMPT9ESS ( ! ,LONDON
,EXHIBITION ( #ahea - ! FIR/ ( ! S]IES ( ADV]TIS+ %[S :I* HAVE S9CE
CURS$ ! WORLD ) !IR PRET5TI\S TRIVIALITY4 ,EV5 ! PA9T]S ( PICTURES1
! PRODUC]S ( >T :O APPROA* NE>] ?AN O!RS TO ! M5 ( 9V5TIVE
LIT]ATURE1 W]E SUNK L[ 9DE$4 ,H]E & !RE WAS A MAN :O ROSE ABOVE HIS
FELL[S 9TO SOME?+ LIKE G5IUS1 ?\< EV5 HIS AIMS W]E NOT HI<1 NOR HIS
SCOPE WIDE1 AS ,TURN] = 9/ANCE2 H]E & !RE A MAN ( UNQUE/IONABLE 9DU/RY
& CONSCI5TI\SNESS1 AS ,MACLISE2 BUT1 AS = ! G5]AL BODY ( 0>TI/S0 AS
!Y W]E CALL$1 !Y W]E AB\T WOR?Y ( ! SOME:AT VULG> CONTEMPT %[]$
UPON !M 9 ,?ACK]AY'S NOVELS4 ,9 %ORT1 NO MAN ( S5SE EV] TR\BL$ HIMSELF
AB\T 0HI< >T10 EXCEPTAS A MATT] ( (FICIALISM1 OR AS A PIECE ( AFFECTATION
:I* HIS POSITION 9 SOCIETY =C$ UPON HIM4
,AS = >*ITECTURE & ITS K9DR$ >TS1 PEOPLE SC>CELY KNEW ( ! EXI/5CE (
SU* ?+S4 ,/UPID UGL9ESS WAS WOR%IP$ UND] ! NAME ( SIMPLICITY OR
G5TLEMANLY RE/RA9T4 ,BEAUTY OR 9CID5T WAS NOT SO MU* AS ?\<T (4 ,EV5 !
ACTIVE HATR$ ( BEAUTY1 :I* ! ,PHILI/9E CULTIVATES ) SU* S+LE-M9D$
>DOR TO-DAY1 IMPLIES A SOME:AT BETT] POSITION = ! >TS ?AN ! SORDID
DULLNESS ( ! TRIUMPHANT ,:IGG]Y ( ! 0FIFTIES40
,COMM]CE1 ! ONLY ?+ NE$FUL2 POLITICS1 ! SLAVE ( ! M>KETS2 LIT]ATURE1
EXI/+ ONLY 9 REBELLION2 >T =GOTT51 BEAUTY DEAD3 ?IS1 IT SEEM$1 WAS TO BE
! ULTIMATE GA9 ( 0,! HEIR ( ALL ! AGES 9 ! =EMO/ FILES ( TIME40
,SEEM$ - BUT1 SL[LY AS ! C\RSE ( EV5TS 9 MOD]N TIMES CRAWLS ALONG1 A *ANGE
HAS BEGUN TO %[ )9 ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S4 ,9 ECONOMICS ! PR9CIPLE (
LAISSEZ FAIRE1 :I* 9 ! P]IOD ABOVE SPOK5 ( SEEM$ TO HAVE BE5
ACCEPT$ AS IRREVOCABLE BY /ATESMAN & DU/MAN ALIKE1 HAS BE5 BL[N TO ! W9DS
MORE 9 PRACTICE EV5 ?AN 9 !ORY1 & COLLECTIVE ACTION IS ADMITT$ EV]Y:]E
TO BE ! MA*9]Y ?R\< :I* WE MU/ ( NECESSITY /RIVE TO MAKE ! BE/ (
\R SURR\ND+S4 ,9 POLITICS1 IF !Y HAVE NOT BECOME MORE DEMOCRATIC 9 ! OLD
S5SE ( ! WORD1 ! WORD ITSELF HAS *ANG$ ITS MEAN+1 & NO LONG] SIGNIFIES
A CONS5SUS ( ! RI* MIDDLE CLASSES1 BUT RA!R ! GA!R+ ( OP9ION ( !
WORK+ CLASSES1 NOT1 IT MU/ BE ADMITT$1 = ! PURPOSE ( 5ABL+ !M TO
MANAGE !IR [N AFFAIRS 7 I4E41 ! BE/ ME?OD = !
PRODUCTION ( COMMON UTILITIES71 BUT AT LEA/ TO LET ! GOV]N+ OR POSSESS+
CLASS F9D \T :AT /EPS MAY BE NECESS>Y TO BE TAK5 TO MAKE ! ONLY USEFUL
CLASS ( ! COMMUNITY TEMPOR>ILY CONT5T$4
,9 LIT]ATURE & ! >TS AGA9 !RE HAS BE5 SOME /IRR+ ( ! DRY BONES1
?\< ,I CANNOT ?9K IT HAS BE5 EI!R DEEP OR WIDELY SPREAD4 ,YET WE HAVE SE5 A
MAN1 :OSE POETRY WAS ONCE ?\<T ! V]Y ACME ( WILD ECC5TRICITY1 DY+ A PE]
( ! REALM )\T HAV+ TO MAKE ANY CONSID]ABLE RECANTATION2 & ! ,ROMANTIC
S*OOL SO SUCCESSFUL ?AT IT IS N[ RA!R REBELL$ AGA9/ ?AN REBELL+4 ,9 !
>TS1 [+ *IEFLY TO ! 5]GY & G5IUS ( ?REE Y\NG M5 - ,ROSSETTI1 ,HOLMAN
,HUNT1 & ,MILLAIS1 - IT IS AT LEA/ POSSIBLE = PA9T]S ( PICTURES TO LIVE BY
GIV+ !IR G5IUS FREE SCOPE1 IF !Y HAVE IT 9 !M1 H[EV] SORE ! /RUGGLE
MAY BE AGA9/ !IR ISOLAT$ POSITION :I* D5IES !M ! SUPPORT ( A
REASONABLE UNBROK5 TRADITION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 [+ TO ! G5U9E 9/9CT = !
/UDY ( HI/ORY :I* IS A BIR? ( !SE LATT] DAYS1 !RE HAS GR[N UP SOME
APPRECIATION ( ! GREAT >*ITECTURAL WORKS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 & A C]TA9
NUMB] ( HI<LY $UCAT$ & REF9$ M5 HAVE N[ = SOME TIME BE5 /RUGGL+
AGA9/ ! HIDE\SNESS ( \R MOD]N /REETS BY DESIGN+ BUILD+S :I* !Y
HAVE /RIV5 HONE/LY & NOT )\T SUCCESS TO MAKE AT ONCE BEAUTIFUL & USEFUL3
?\< IT IS TRUE ?AT !SE BUILD+S MU/ ( NECESSITY BE MORE OR LESS IMITATIVE
( ! WORK ( PA/ AGES2 & ALSO ?AT ! MOVEM5T ?AT HAS HAD ITS RISE 9 !
/UDY ( HI/ORIC >T HAS BORN ) IT ! DISADVANTAGE ?AT ! PUBLIC LOOKS )
FAVOR ON ! PREPO/]\S ATTEMPT TO 0RE/ORE10 AS IT IS CALL$1 \R ANCI5T
MONUM5TS1 :I* HAVE SUFF]$ SO MU* FROM ! NEGLECT & IGNORANCE ( !
PO/-M$IEVAL P]IOD1 TO !IR 7SUPPOS$7 ORIG9AL /ATE2 = ?\< WE MAY HAVE
LE>N$ HI/ORY 5\< TO CEASE TO LOOK UPON \R ANCE/ORS AS A SET ( SAVAGES
:OSE LIVES & DE$S SPRANG FROM NO VISIBLE CAUSES 9 ! PA/1 & L$ TO NO
CONSEQU5CES 9 ! FUTURE1 WE HAVE NOT YET GRASP$ ! KN[L$GE ?AT !SE
MONUM5TS ( >T SPRANG FROM ! CONDITIONS ( SOCIETY AMID :I* !Y
W]E PRODUC$2 ?AT ! >T ( A PEOPLE1 AS DI/9CT FROM A FEW +5I\S & GIFT$
M5 LIV+ ISOLAT$ FROM ! PEOPLE1 MU/ ( NECESSITY BE AN ESS5TIAL GR[? FROM
! LIFE ( ! EPO*4
,9DE$1 IT IS BECAUSE ,I HAVE SO ?OR\<LY LE>N$ ?IS LESSON MYSELF 7AS ,I ?9K71
?AT ,I MU/ NE$S LOOK UPON ! >T & LIT]ATURE ( !SE DAYS AS BUT MATT]S BY
! WAY1 & SOME?+ )\T ROOT OR ORGANIC GR[?4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT !Y WILL
FL\RI% AGA91 RIS+ MAYBE FROM ! SCANTY TRADITION LEFT US1 OR MAYBE FROM A NEW
BIR?1 - :I* WE N[ CANNOT SO MU* AS CONCEIVE (1 - :5 A NEW SOCIETY HAS BE5
REALIZ$1 ! HOPE ( :I* 7AS ,I DEEM71 IS ! ONE BRI<T SPOT 9 ! C5TURY &
IS N[ GR[+ CLE>] TO US4
,= EV5 N[ AT ! BOTTOM ( ! *ANGE ABOVE SAID 9 ECONOMICS & POLITICS1 9
LIT]ATURE & >T1 LIES A GREAT *ANGE 9 OP9ION1 :I* HAS PRODUC$ ! VISIBLE
NEW BIR? ( ,SOCIALISM2 A NEW BIR? DIMLY =E%AD[$ AT ! TIME ( ! ,FR5*
REVOLUTION BY ! OP9IONS & ATTEMPTS ( SU* M5 AS ,BABEUF & ! ,UTOPI/S4 ,!
PUBLIC OP9ION PO9TS T[>D A NEW SOCIETY F\ND$ ON EQUALITY ( CONDITION1 &
! ASSOCIATION ( EQUALS4 ,! FIR/ ( !SE HAS BE5 MA9LY 9 ABEYANCE S9CE !
TIME ( ! POV]TY ( TRIBAL SOCIETY3 ! SECOND1 AFT] PLAY+ A PR9CIPAL P>T
9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! GREAT 5]GY ( ! ,MIDDLE
,AGES1 FELL ) !M UND] ! TRIPLE ATTACK ( BUREAUCRACY1 POLITICAL NATIONALISM1
& ! LU/ = MAT]IAL ADVANCEM5T4 ,BUT1 UNLESS !Y >E ONCE AGA9 TO BECOME
! ROOT PR9CIPLES ( A TRUE SOCIETY1 ,I = MY P>T CAN SEE NO?+ = IT BUT A
CONT9U\S DEGRADATION ( \R FALSE SOCIETY UNTIL IT DISAPPE>S 9 A *AOS CAUS$
BY GRE$ & SUFF]+4
,BUT ,I REPEAT ?AT ! ASS]TION ( !SE PR9CIPLES IS ALREADY BE+ MADE1 NOT
M]ELY BY SMALL KNOTS ( ,SOCIALI/ PREA*]S1 BUT BY ! WORK+-CLASSES G5]ALLY4
,TRADES ,UNIONISM IS LOS+ ITS OLD N>R[NESS1 & IS LE>N+ ?AT IT MU/ NOT
*AMPION ?IS OR ?AT TRADE OR OCCUPATION AGA9/ ! G5]AL PUBLIC2 ?AT IT MU/
NO LONG] BE ! C>P5T]S AGA9/ ! PUBLIC1 OR ! M9]S AGA9/ ! PUBLIC1 -
BUT ! :OLE BODY ( PRODUC]S AGA9/ ! NON-PRODUC]S :O EXPLOIT !M2 ?AT1
9 %ORT1 ! PRODUC]S MU/ CLAIM ! RI<T TO MANAGE !IR [N AFFAIRS4 ,:5 ?IS
LESSON IS LE>N$ ?OR\<LY1 ,I CANNOT SEE H[ ! CLAIM CAN BE RESI/$2 & ?AT
MORE ESPECIALLY 9 A C\NTRY LIKE ,GREAT ,BRITA91 ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( :I*
DEP5DS UPON HI<LY ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RIES4
,MEANTIME1 ,I SAY1 ! LESSON IS BE+ LE>N$1 D\BTLESS 9 A R\< & UNSY/EMATIC
WAY 5\<2 YET NO ONE :O IS CONV]SANT ) WORK+-CLASS POLITICS CAN DISPUTE
?AT ! ATTITUDE ( ! WORKM5 T[>D ,SOCIALISM HAS QUITE ALT]$ )9 ! LA/
TWELVE YE>S1 & ?AT A CLAIM = RECOGNITION AS CITIZ5S HAS BE5 PUT =W>D BY
!M1 TO :I* ALL CLASSES ( SOCIETY HAVE BE5 =C$ TO PAY SOME ATT5TION4 ,BO?
! !ORY & PRACTICE ( EV5 ULTRA ,LIB]ALS AS TO ! RELATION ( !
WORKM5 ( ! ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RIES 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA9 TO !IR EMPLOY]S1 9 !
DAYS :5 ,JOHN ,BRI<T WAS REG>D$ BY ! PROSP]\S MIDDLE CLASS AS A DANG]\S
DEMOCRAT & TRIBUNE ( ! PEOPLE1 WAS ?AT ! WORKMAN1 AS WORKMAN1 WAS A P>T (
! MA*9]Y ( PR(ITABLE PRODUCTION1 ?AT !RE W]E C]TA9 LAWS ( NATURE ?AT
GOV]N$ ! ACTION ( ! MA*9E1 - ALWAYS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ?OSE :O [N$ &
CONTROLL$ IT1 ! SUCCESSFUL MIDDLE CLASS TO WIT1 - & ?AT ! MEMB]S ( !
MA*9E MU/ SUBMIT PATI5TLY TO ANY SUFF]+ :I* RESULT$ FROM ! ACTION (
?OSE NATURAL LAWS4 ,!RE WAS LITTLE = ! WORKM5 TO COMPLA9 ( 9 ?IS1 IT WAS
?\<T1 BECAUSE IT WAS NOT DIFFICULT = ANY ( !M :O W]E ABOVE ! AV]AGE TO
RISE AT LEA/ 9TO ! L[] MIDDLE CLASS1 & MO/ PROBABLY 9TO ! HI<] RANKS
( IT2 TO BECOME 9 %ORT FROM A M]E 0H&0 A =EMAN1 ! MANAG] ( !
DEP>TM5T1 OR (T5 5\< ( A FACTORY ITSELF4 ,AS = :AT WAS BEL[ ! AV]AGE
?AT WAS ITS LOOK\T1 & ITS COMPLA9TS W\LD NOT DO ANY?+ TO TURN !
C\RSE ( ! 0NATURAL LAW40 ,?IS1 ,I SAY1 WAS ! !ORY OR PRACTICE ( SU* M5 AS
,JOHN ,BRI<T & HIS P>TY2 BUT ! MA*9E = ! PRODUCTION ( PR(ITS HAS
PROTE/$ AGA9/ ! ACTION ( ! NATURAL LAW - :I* MU/ ( NECESSITY DEGRADE
EV]Y MAN :O C\LD NOT /RUGGLE UP 9TO ! COMP>ATIVELY FEW PLACES :I* W]E TO
BE HAD AMONG ! SUP]9T5D5TS ( LABOR1 - & BY V>I\S REVOLTS1 /RIKES &
SO =?1 ! CLAIM ( CITIZ5%IP HAS1 AS A=ESAID1 BE5 MADE BY WORK+-M5 AS
LIV+ ON WEEKLY WAGES1 & NOT AS WORK+M5 :OSE SAV+S GAVE !M SOME
%>E 9 ! PRIVILEGE ( CAPITAL4
,= A LONG TIME ! /RUGGLE WAS BL9D & N>R[1 BUT )9 ! LA/ FEW YE>S IT
HAS BECOME A CONSCI\S /RIFE = AT LEA/ SOME RECOGNITION ( ! SOCIAL RI<TS (
CITIZ5S ON BEHALF ( ALL WORKM5 WILL+ TO EX]CISE !IR LABOR P[]2
&1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! POSSESS+ CLASSES HAVE PRACTICALLY ADMITT$ !
NECESSITY ( A 0LIV+ WAGE0 = ! WORKM51 EV5 ?\< ?AT MU/ BE TAK5 FROM
! PR(ITS ( ! EMPLOY]S4 ,A HI<] /&>D ( COM=T1 MORE LEISURE1 LESS
PREC>I\S EMPLOYM5T2 !SE ?+S AT LEA/1 IT IS ADMITT$1 MU/ BE GRANT$ BY
! PRES5T SY/EM TO ! WORK+-CLASSES1 - IF ! PRES5T SY/EM CAN DO IT - BUT
CAN IT8 ,! ANSW] TO ?AT MU/ BE F\ND 9 ! ANSW] TO ANO!R QUE/ION3 ,>E !
9T]E/S ( ! EMPLOY]S & ! EMPLOY$ ! SAME8 ,NO1 MU/ BE ! ANSW]1 !Y
>E OPPOS$4 ,& IF ?AT BE ! CASE1 H[ CAN ! VITAL QUE/IONS BE DISCUSS$ &
SETTL$ ) ! MUTUAL ASS5T ( ! TWO P>TIES TO ! QU>REL8 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT
!Y CANNOT BE4 ,:5 ,I M5TION$ ! /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ CLASSES =
CITIZ5%IP ,I MEANT TO USE ! WORD LIT]ALLY & NOT METAPHORICALLY4 ,! BATTLE
MU/ BE F\<T \T BETWE5 ! PRIVILEG$ & ! USEFUL CLASSES1 BE=E ! LATT]
CAN W9 ANY SOLID OR LA/+ B5EFITS = ! :OLE MASS4 ,& ,I HAVE NO D\BT ?AT
IT WILL GO ON ) EV]-9CREAS+ /RESS4 ,! CONCESSIONS MADE BY ! PRIVILEG$
CLASSES TO ! USEFUL ONES WILL GR[ GREAT] & MORE IMPORTANT1 AS ! WORK+-M5
SEE CLE>] 9TO !IR POSITION1 & KN[ :AT IT IS ESS5TIAL = !M TO CLAIM2
! PRIVILEG$ WILL CONC$E !SE ) MU* ! SAME AM\NT ( PRESSURE AS =CES
!M TO YIELD TO PRES5T & UNIMPORTANT DEM&S1 SOME ( :I* AT ANY RATE >E N[
US$ = LITTLE ELSE ?AN BANN]S TO :I* TO RALLY ?OSE :O >E YET PURBL9D TO
! NECESSITIES ( A REAL NEW SOCIETY4 ,SO IT WILL GO ON TILL IT WILL BE F\ND AT
LA/ ?AT EV]Y?+ ESS5TIAL HAS BE5 YIELD$ BY PRIVILEGE1 & PROBABLY ! LA/
OPPOSITION WILL BE FEEBLE & =MAL1 & WILL BE EASILY ?RU/ ASIDE4
,IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$ ?AT1 ON ! ONE H&1 ! TOK5S ?AT ?IS GREAT *ANGE 9
SOCIETY IS ON ! WAY >E NO LONG] M]ELY ! SPREAD ( ACADEMIC DISCUSSION1 OR
! SETT+ =? ( ,UTOPIAS ) !IR ROOTS 9 ! AIR1 BUT ! ATTEMPTS TO DEAL
) 0PRACTICAL0 QUE/IONS CONC]N+ ! PRES5T DAILY LIFE ( ! GREAT] P>T (
! POPULATION2 :ILE1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! IDEAS ( A ,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY >E
PRETTY MU* ACCEPT$ BY ?OSE :O CAN BY ANY /RET* ( LANGUAGE BE CALL$ ?9K+
PEOPLE 7AMONG :OM ,I DO NOT 9CLUDE ! PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIANS74 ,ALMO/ ! ONLY
OPPOSITION (F]$ TO !M COMES FROM %E] PESSIMI/S1 OR ?OSE :O >E NOT
A%AM$ TO CONFESS !IR ADH]5CE TO ! SORDID CYNICISM ( GRE$4 ,H[ CAN ! NEW
SOCIETY F\ND$ ON EQUALITY & ASSOCIATION BE BR\<T AB\T8 IS ! REAL QUE/ION
:I* IS ASK$ BY ALL ?OSE :O WI% = CONDITIONS ( LIFE 9 ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD
:I* WILL 5ABLE ALL GR\PS ( SOCIETY TO LIVE ) SELF-RESPECT & MANLY
PLEASURE4
,N[ ,I HAVE PRACTICALLY SAID ?AT1 BROADLY SPEAK+1 ! *ANGE MU/ COME AB\T BY
! USEFUL CLASSES GETT+ GRADUALLY $UCAT$ TO A S5SE ( !IR DUE CLAIMS &
RESPONSIBILITIES1 &1 AS A RESULT1 GO+ ON /EADILY BEAT+ D[N COMM]CIAL &
ECONOMIC PRIVILEGE1 AS !IR =]UNN]S ! ,:IGS1 :OSE DAY CULM9AT$ 9 !
,FR5* REVOLUTION1 BEAT D[N ! SURVIVALS ( FEUDAL PRIVILEGE4
,AS TO :AT IS GO+ ON OBVI\SLY AT PRES5T 9 ! WORLD ( POLITICS1 A FEW WORDS
WILL BE 5\< ON ?AT SUBJECT1 AS ,I CANNOT DEEM IT TO BE ( SO MU* IMPORTANCE AS
MANY PEOPLE ?9K4 ,WE HAVE REC5TLY GONE ?R\< A G5]AL ELECTION 9 ,GREAT
,BRITA91 ! RESULTS ( :I* HAVE MADE ! GROSSE/ REACTIONI/S 7! ,TORIES7
JUBILANT1 & ,I SUSPECT HAVE GIV5 SOME PLEASURE1 EV5 AMID !IR DEFEAT1 TO !
ORD9>Y ,LIB]AL POLITICIANS4
,! OV]:ELM+ ,TORY VICTORY HAS 9DE$ SEEM$ TO SOME ( \R P>TY TO MEAN RA!R
A DEFEAT ( ! ,:IGS ?AN ( ! ,PROGRESSIVES2 BUT1 ?\< ?IS SEEMS PLAUSIBLE 9
VIEW ( SOME ( ! 9CID5TS ( ! CONTE/1 ,I %\LD RA!R PUT D[N ! VICTORY
TO A /RONG RALLY ( ALL ?AT IS REACTION>Y AGA9/ EV]Y?+ :I* SEEMS
PROGRESSIVE TO ! REACTIONI/S1 FROM M]E ,:IG ,LIB]ALISM TO DEF9ITE ,SOCIALISM1 -
:I* RALLY1 IF PROP]LY ORGANIZ$1 WAS SURE TO BE SUCCESSFUL3 SO ?AT IT WAS
RA!R ! ,LIB]ALS :O W]E DEFEAT$ ALONG ) ! ,SOCIALI/S ?AN ! ,SOCIALI/S
ALONG ) ! ,LIB]ALS4 ,9 O!R WORDS !RE WAS1 & IS1 AN 9/9CT AMONG !
REACTION>IES ?AT ! ,SOCIALI/S HAVE BE5 LEAD+ ! ,LIB]ALS & >E ! REAL
5EMIES1 & IT IS A TRUE 9/9CT1 ?\< POLITICS1 LIKE POV]TY1 MAKES /RANGE
B$FELL[S1 & IT IS RA!R AMUS+ TO SEE SOME ( \R ,:IG FRI5DS DISMISS$ FROM
!IR SEATS ON ! GR\ND ( !IR BE+ ! ALLIES ( DANG]\S REVOLUTION>IES4
,= ! RE/ IT WAS CLE> ?AT :5EV] ! REACTION>IES *OSE TO ADM9I/] SU*
A *ECK TO ,SOCIALISM !Y C\LD DO SO ) C]TA9TY ( SUCCESS1 S9CE !RE IS NO
,SOCIALI/ P>TY 9 ,5GL&2 IT HAS 9DE$ CEAS$ TO BE M]ELY A SECT OR A 0*UR*0
AS IT WAS SOME FIFTE5 YE>S AGO1 BUT HAS NEV] GA9$ ANY ORGANIZATION2 ITS
/R5G?1 AS WELL AS ITS WEAKNESS1 LIES 9 ITS BE+ AN OP9ION RA!R
?AN A P>TY4 ,YET IT WAS L>GELY ! FE> ( ! REACTIONI/S ?AT IT WAS BECOM+
A P>TY :I* CAUS$ ! SUCCESSFUL ATTACK ( ! ELECTION ON PROGRESS G5]ALLY4
,& TO MY M9D ! ANSW] TO ?AT ATTACK %\LD BE TO ORGANIZE A REAL DEF9ITE
,SOCIALI/ P>TY1 &1 = ! SAKE ( ! NECESS>Y GA91 TO ACCEPT ! PROBABLE
DANG]S ( SU* A POSITION4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT A WIDE-SPREAD OP9ION CANNOT BE
DEFEAT$1 & NE$ NOT FE> ! TEMPOR>Y DECISION ( ! BALLOT-BOX2 BUT TO SU* A
DECISION IT MU/ COME AT LA/1 UNLESS IT IS CONT5T$ TO ACT 9DIRECTLY ?R\<
O!R P>TIES1 :I* MAY ?R[ IT OV] AT ANY POLITICAL EXIG5CY1 & MU/ ALWAYS
BE DO+ HESITAT+LY & BL9DLY4
,TO SUM UP !RE=E AS TO ! ,SOCIALI/ \TLOOK3 ,!RE IS NO PROGRESS POSSIBLE TO
,EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION SAVE 9 ! DIRECTION ( ,SOCIALISM2 = ! ,:IG OR
,9DIVIDUALI/ IDEA :I* DE/ROY$ ! M$IEVAL IDEA ( ASSOCIATION1 & CULM9AT$
9 ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION & ! RISE ( ! GREAT 9DU/RIES 9 ,5GL&1 HAS
FULFILL$ ITS FUNCTION OR WORK$ ITSELF \T4
,! ,SOCIALI/IC IDEA HAS AT LA/ TAK5 HOLD ( ! WORKM51 EV5 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91
& !Y >E PU%+ IT =W>D PRACTICALLY1 ?\< 9 A VAGUE & UNORGANIZ$
MANN]4
,! GOV]N+ CLASSES FEEL !MSELVES COMPELL$ TO YIELD MORE OR LESS TO ! VAGUE
DEM&S ( ! WORKM54 ,BUT1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! DEF9ITELY REACTION>Y =CES
( ! C\NTRY HAVE WOK5 UP TO ! DANG] TO PRIVILEGE 9VOLV$ 9 ?OSE DEM&S1
& >E ATTACK+ ,SOCIALISM 9 FRONT 9/EAD ( PASS+ IT BY 9 CONTEMPTU\S
SIL5CE4
,! G5]AL IDEA ( ,SOCIALISM IS WIDELY ACCEPT$ AMONG ! ?\<TFUL P>T ( !
MIDDLE CLASSES1 EV5 :]E !IR TIMIDITY PREV5TS !M FROM DEF9ITELY JO9+ !
MOVEM5T4
,! OLD POLITICAL P>TIES HAVE LO/ !IR TRADITIONAL %IBBOLE?S1 & >E ONLY
HANG+ ON TILL ! NEW P>TY 7:I* CAN ONLY BE A ,SOCIALI/ ONE7 IS
=M$3 ! ,:IG & ,TORIES WILL !N COALESCE TO OPPOSE IT2 ! ,RADICALS WILL SOME
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