,! ,R$ ,FLAG ( ,AN>*Y 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,AS DISCUSS$ 9 0,! ,SYMBOLS ( ,AN>*Y0 9 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q .<,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#h.> AN>*I/S AT FIR/ US$ ! R$ FLAG AS !IR SYMBOL ( *OICE1 ) ! ,BLACK ,FLAG SL[LY REPLAC+ IT OV] A P]IOD ( MANY DECADES FROM ! #a#h#hS4 ,BO? FLAGS1 H[EV]1 HAD !IR ROOTS 9 WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE & PROTE/1 BO? W]E ANTI-CAPITALI/ SYMBOLS RAIS$ BY WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE 9 REVOLT AGA9/ EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION4 ,AS ! P]SON :O FIR/ RAIS$ ! ,BLACK ,FLAG AS AN EXPLICITLY AN>*I/ SYMBOL 9 ,P>IS ON ,M>* #i? #a#h#h#c1 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 PUT IT ! 0BLACK FLAG IS ! FLAG ( /RIKES & ! FLAG ( ?OSE :O >E HUNGRY40 7,! ,R$ ,VIRG93 ,MEMOIRS ( ,L\ISE ,MI*EL .<,! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ALABAMA ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#a.>1 P4 #a#f#h7 

,GIV5 ?AT ! ,BLACK ,FLAG ONLY BECAME ! PREF]R$ AN>*I/ SYMBOL 9 ! #b? C5TURY1 IT COMES AS NO SURPRISE TO SEE ?AT BO? ,PR\DHON & ,BAKUN9 PRAIS$ ! USE ( ! R$ FLAG4 ,BAKUN9 WROTE ( 0! FLAG ( !ORETICAL MAT]IALISM1 ! R$ FLAG ( ECONOMIC EQUALITY & SOCIAL JU/ICE1 IS RAIS$ BY ! PRACTICAL IDEALISM ( ! OPPRESS$ & FAMI%+ MASSES1 T5D+ TO REALIZE ! GREATE/ LIB]TY & ! HUMAN RI<T ( EA* 9 ! FRAT]NITY ( ALL M5 ON ! E>?40 7,GOD & ! ,/ATE .<,DOV]1 #a#i#g.>1 P4 #d#g7 ,PR\DHON WROTE 9 HIS NOTEBOOKS ?AT ! R$ FLAG WAS 0! F$]AL /&>D ( HUMANITY1 ! SYMBOL ( UNIV]SAL FRAT]NITY0 SIGNIFY+ ! 0,ABOLITION ( ! PROLET>IAT & ( S]VITUDE0 & 0,EQUALITY ( POLITICAL RI<TS3 UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE40 7,C>NETS .<,M>CEL ,RIVI]E1 #a#i#f#h.> VOL4 #c1 P4 #b#h#i7 ,PUBLICALLY HE PROCLAIM$3 

0,! ,REVOLUTION1 ONE CANNOT D5Y IT1 HAS BE5 MADE BY ! R$ FLAG3 ! PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 H[EV]1 HAS DECID$ TO KEEP ! TRICOLOR 444 ,TO D5Y ! R$ FLAG1 ! CRIMSON6 -- BUT IT IS ! SOCIAL QUE/ION Y\ >E GETT+ RID (4 ,EV]Y TIME ! ,PEOPLE1 DEFEAT$ BY SUFF]+1 WANT$ TO EXPRESS ITS WI%ES & ITS COMPLA9TS \TSIDE ! LAW ?AT KILLS IT1 IT HAS WALK$ UND] A R$ BANN] 444 ,POOR R$ FLAG4 ,EV]YONE IS AB&ON+ Y\6 ,ME1 ,I EMBRACE Y\2 ,I CLUT* Y\ TO MY BREA/4 ,LONG LIVE FRAT]NITY6 

0,LET US KEEP1 IF Y\ WI%1 ! TRICOLOR1 SYMBOL ( \R NATIONALITY4 ,BUT REMEMB] ?AT ! R$ FLAG IS ! SIGN ( A REVOLUTION ?AT WILL BE ! LA/4 ,! R$ FLAG6 ,IT IS ! F$]AL /&>D ( HUMANITY40 7,PROP]TY IS ,!FT6 .<,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#a#a.>1 PP4 #b#e#g-#h7 

,SO1 AS HI/ORIAN ,JACK ,HAYW>D NOTES1 A FEW WEEKS AFT] HELP+ TO BUILD B>RICADES 9 ,P>IS AT ! />T ( ! #ahdh ,REVOLUTION 0PR$ICT$ 9 ,M>* #ahdh ! 9T]NATIONALISM ( ! ,R$ ,FLAG40 ,ORIG9ALLY1 AS ,HAYW>D REPORTS1 ! ,R$ ,FLAG WAS FL[N FROM ! ,P>IS T[N HALL 0TO SIGNAL ! PROCLAMATION ( M>TIAL LAW TO DEAL ) FOOD RIOTS 9 #a<i & 9 ,JULY #agia IT WAS US$ AT ! MASSACRE ( ANTI-ROYALI/ DEMON/RATORS4 ,9 #a#g#i#b1 ! REPUBLICAN REVOLUTION>IES TURN$ IT 9TO A SYMBOL ( DEFIANCE BY 9SCRIB+ ON R$ FLAGS3 ',M>TIAL LAW ( ! SOV]EIGN PEOPLE AGA9/ ! REBELLION ( ! EXECUTIVE P[]4'0 ,AFT] ?AT 0! ,R$ ,FLAG W5T 9TO ECLIPSE4 ,! TRICOLORE C>RI$ ALL BE=E IT = ! RE/ ( ! ,REVOLUTION & UND] ,NAPOLEON1 BE+ READOPT$ AT ! #ahc ,REVOLUTION AS ! EMBLEM ( ! ,JULY ,MON>*Y4 ,! ,LEFT S\<T AN ALT]NATIVE & AT FIR/ IT WAS ! ,BLACK ,FLAG SYMBOLIZ+ A FI<T TO ! DEA? ?AT APPE>$ 9 ! #ahca ,LYONS RIOTS1 ) ITS SLOGAN3 ',WORK OR ,DEA?4'0 7,AFT] ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION .<,H>VE/] ,:EAT%EAF1 #a#i#i#a.>1 PP4 #b#d#e-#f7 

,SO ! ,BLACK ,FLAG WAS A RECOGNIZ$ SYMBOL ( ! ,LEFT1 SO IT WAS UNSURPRIS+ ?AT :5 ! ,R$ ,FLAG BECAME TOO ASSOCIAT$ ) ,M>XI/ SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9 ,FRANCE1 ! LIKES ( ,L\ISE ,MI*EL URG$ AN>*I/S TO RAISE ! ,BLACK ,FLAG 9 ! #a#h#hS & ONW>DS4 ,YET BO? >E SYMBOLS ( WORK+ CLASS PROTE/1 BO? >E FLAGS RAIS$ BY /RIK+ WORK]S3 

0,! R$ BANN]1 :I* HAS ALWAYS /OOD = LIB]TY1 FRI<T5S ! EXECUTION]S BECAUSE IT IS SO R$ ) \R BLOOD4 ,! BLACK FLAG1 ) LAY]S ( BLOOD UPON IT FROM ?OSE :O WANT$ TO LIVE BY WORK+ OR DIE BY FI<T+1 FRI<T5S ?OSE :O WANT TO LIVE (F ! WORK ( O!RS4 ,?OSE R$ & BLACK BANN]S WAVE OV] US M\RN+ \R DEAD & WAVE OV] \R HOPES = ! DAWN ?AT IS BREAK+40 7,MI*EL1 PP4 #a#i#c-#d7 

,MI*EL1 IT MU/ BE NOT$1 IS REF]R+ TO A WORK]S REVOLT 9 ,LYON 9 #ahca :5 0,VIV] 5 TRAVAILLANT \ M\RIR 5 COMBATTANT60 70,LIVE WORK+ OR DIE BY FI<T+607 WAS PA9T$ ONTO A ,BLACK ,FLAG C>RI$ BY PROTE/]S4 ,9T]E/+LY1 ,PR\DHON /AY$ 9 ,LYON 9 ! E>LY #a#h#dS WAS DEEPLY 9FLU5C$ BY !SE WORK]S1 GO+ SO F> AS TO CALL HIS [N IDEAS MUTUELISME AFT] ! WORD !Y US$ TO DESCRIBE !IR ASSOCIATIVE SOCIALISM4 

,:Y DID ! ,R$ ,FLAG BECOME ! SYMBOL ( *OICE = ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 ,PR\DHON & ,BAKUN9 9CLUD$8 ,= ?IS1 WE NE$ TO LOOK AT ! #ahdh ,REVOLUTION 9 ,FRANCE &1 9 P>TICUL>1 ! ACTIVITIES ( ?AT P]5NIAL /ATE-COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION>Y1 ,L\IS ,AUGU/E ,BLANQUI4 ,IT WAS 9 ,FEBRU>Y #ahdh ?AT ! ,R$ ,FLAG 0APPE>$ DUR+ ! 9SURRECTION = ! FIR/ TIME AS A WORK]S' BANN] ON A L>GE SCALE1 ALONGSIDE ! TRICOLORE4 ,IT SYMBOLIZ$ !IR WI% = BREAK ) ! ,ORLEANI/ PA/40 ,BLANQUI'S FIR/ SYMBOLIC ACT ( ?AT REVOLT WAS TO ISSUE A MANIFE/O 0DEPLOR+ ! DECISION TO RETA9 ! TRICOLORE AS ! NATIONAL FLAG 9/EAD ( REPLAC+ IT ) ! ,R$ ,FLAG40 ,! #b#e? ( ,FEBRU>Y SAW A DEMON/RATION ( >M$ CITIZ5S C>RY+ R$ FLAGS4 7,HAYW>D1 P4 #b#d#e7 

,AS ) ! USE ( ! ,BLACK ,FLAG BY AN>*I/S1 ! USE ( ! ,R$ ,FLAG BY SOCIALI/S ( ALL T5D5CIES SPREAD FROM ,FRANCE4 ,9 ,BRITA91 ! ,R$ ,FLAG WAS ADOPT$ AS A ,*>TI/ SYMBOL ON #c#a/ ( ,DECEMB]1 #a#h#d#i4 ,ON #a? ,NOVEMB] #ahe ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIALI/S 9 EXILE 9 ,LONDON ADOPT$ IT 9 PLACE ( !IR NATIONAL FLAGS1 0A PRELUDE TO IT BECOM+ ! EMBLEM ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #a#h#f#f40 7,HAYW>D1 P4 #b#d#f7 ,ITS ADOPTION BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION %\LD COME AS NO SURPRISE GIV5 ! KEY ROLE ! ,FR5* FOLL[]S ( ,PR\DHON PLAY$ 9 SETT+ IT UP4 

,IT COMES1 !RE=E1 AS NO SURPRISE ?AT ! NEWSPAP]S 9 ! #a#i? C5TURY D5\NC$ 0! ,R$ ,FLAG ( AN>*Y01 GIV5 ?AT AN>*I/S 7LIKE O!RS 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S MOVEM5T7 RAIS$ IT 9 !IR /RUGGLES & REVOLTS4 ,BO? ,PR\DHON & ,BAKUN9 ASSOCIAT$ !MSELVES ) ?AT SYMBOL1 JU/ AS !Y BO? PROCLAIM$ !MSELVES SOCIALI/S4 ,H[EV]1 AFT] !IR DEA?S /ATE SOCIALISM CAME TO DOM9ATE MO/ LABOR MOVEM5TS 9 ! WORLD & ! ,R$ ,FLAG BECAME ASSOCIAT$ ) ,M>XIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & AN>*I/S S\<T O!R SYMBOLS4 ,) ,COMMUN>D & 9DEFATIGABLE REVOLUTION>Y ,L\ISE ,MI*EL TAK+ ! 9ITIATIVE1 ?AT O!R FLAG ( ,FR5* WORK+ CLASS REVOLT1 ! ,BLACK ,FLAG1 WAS TAK5 UP AS A REPLACEM5T4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,! ,R$ ,FLAG ( ,AN>*Y -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,R$ ,FLAG ( ,AN>*Y -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/