,TRANSLATORS' ,9TRODUCTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL 

,TEXT 3 

,TRANSLATORS' ,9TRODUCTION 

  

,EV5 TODAY1 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 :O WON FAME AS ! 0,R$ ,VIRG90 DUR+ ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a1 REMA9S A H]O9E TO ! ,FR5* ,LEFT4 ,:ILE ,K>L ,M>X SAT 9 ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM WRIT+ TRACTS1 ,MI*EL WAS FAC+ ,FR5* GOV]NM5T TROOPS ACROSS ! B>RICADES ( ,P>IS4 ,:ILE H] CONTEMPOR>IES W]E JU/ BEG9N+ TO DECRY COLONIALISM1 %E1 AS A CONVICT 9 ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA1 WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,KANAKA UPRIS+ ( #a#h#g#h4 ,FRE$ BY ! AMNE/Y ( #ahh FROM H] EXILE AT ! O!R 5D ( ! E>?1 %E RETURN$ TO ,FRANCE & ! SPEAK]'S PLAT=M1 & EXCEPT = SEV]AL P]IODS 9 PRISON %E CONT9U$ H] REVOLUTION>Y EXHORTATIONS UNTIL H] DEA? 9 #a#i#e4 

,BORN ILLEGITIMATELY ON #bi ,MAY #a#h#c1 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL WAS BR\<T UP BY H] MO!R & PAT]NAL GR&P>5TS 9 A HALF-RU9$1 =TIFI$ MANOR H\SE 9 ! ,HAUTE-,M>NE4 ,H] PAT]NAL GR&FA!R1 ,ETI5NE-,*>LES ,DEMAHIS1 WAS DESC5D$ FROM NOBILITY & HAD *ANG$ HIS NAME FROM ,DE ,MAHIS TO ! LESS GR& ,DEMAHIS 9 REPUBLICAN SYMPA?Y ) ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ( #a#g#h#i4 ,AL?\< IMPOV]I%$1 HE WAS S]V+ AS MAYOR ( ! VILLAGE ( ,VRONC\RT :5 ,L\ISE WAS BORN TO A S]VANT ( ! H\SEHOLD1 ,M>IE ,ANNE 7OR ,M>IANNE7 ,MI*EL1 & HIS SON ,LAUR5T1 ( :OM NO FUR!R RECORD EXI/S4 ,L\ISE WAS RAIS$ AS IF %E HAD BE5 A LEGITIMATE ,DEMAHIS GR&DAU<T]1 & AFT] H] PAT]NAL GR&P>5TS DI$1 %E BECAME A S*OOLMI/RESS1 TEA*+ FIR/ 9 ! ,HAUTE- ,M>NE & LAT] 9 ,P>IS4 ,%E TURN$ TO REVOLUTION>Y DREAMS & BECAME DEEPLY 9VOLV$ 9 RADICAL AFFAIRS DUR+ ! TWILI<T ( ,FRANCE'S ,SECOND ,EMPIRE1 ! GASLIT ,P>IS ( ,L\IS ,NAPOLEON4 ,DUR+ ! ,FRANCO- ,PRUSSIAN ,W> ( #ahg & ! ,PRUSSIAN SIEGE ( ,P>IS1 %E WAS A LEAD+ MEMB] ( ! REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS CONTROLL+ ,MONTM>TRE1 ?AT SQUALID & COLORFUL DI/RICT :I* HAS BE5 9HABIT$ BY ! DISAFFECT$ POOR = C5TURIES4 ,DUR+ ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( ,M>* TO ,MAY #a#h#g#a1 :5 ! CITIZ5S ( ,P>IS REBELL$ AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T BECAUSE !Y BELIEV$ IT WAS TRY+ TO /EAL !IR REPUBLIC1 ,MI*EL BECAME EV5 MORE DEEPLY 9VOLV$ 9 EV5TS1 EM]G+ AS ONE ( ! LEAD]S ( ! 9SURRECTION4 

,:5 ! =CES ( ! ,V]SAILLES ,GOV]NM5T CRU%$ ! ,COMMUNE 9 ,MAY #a#h#g#a1 ,MI*EL WAS CAPTUR$1 TRI$1 & S5T5C$ TO EXILE4 ,%E WAS TRANSPORT$ TO ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA ON A PRISON %IP 9 #a#h#g#c4 ,= SIX YE>S %E LIV$ UND] H>% CONDITIONS 9 ! PRISON COLONY NE> ! CAPITAL1 ,N\MEA1 & LAT] %E LIV$ 9 ! CAPITAL ITSELF1 ) A LIMIT$ AM\NT ( FRE$OM4 ,FOLL[+ ! G5]AL AMNE/Y ( #a#h#h1 :I* ! GOV]NM5T GAVE TO ! ,COMMUN>DS 9 RESPONSE TO PUBLIC PRESSURE1 %E RETURN$ TO ,FRANCE & PUBLIC ACCLAIM4 

,?\< MASSIVE PUBLIC GA!R+S GREET$ ,MI*EL UPON H] RETURN1 IT WAS DIFFICULT = H] TO F9D A PLACE 9 REVOLUTION>Y CIRCLES4 ,%E WAS IGNORANT ( EV5TS ?AT HAD TAK5 PLACE 9 ,FRANCE DUR+ ! PREC$+ DECADE1 & ! P]SONS :O HAD RIS5 TO P[] & 9FLU5CE 9 RADICAL CIRCLES HAD NO GREAT 9T]E/ 9 REL9QUI%+ !IR POSITION TO ANY LEG5D4 ,BUT H] POPUL> SUPPORT FROM ! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ,FRANCE REMA9$ IMM5SE1 & H] SPEE*ES 9 ,P>IS1 ! PROV9CES1 & ABROAD DUR+ ! NEXT FEW YE>S W]E HEAVILY & TUMULTU\SLY ATT5D$4 

,9 #ahhb ,MI*EL WAS >RE/$ = DI/URB+ ! PEACE & SP5T TWO WEEKS 9 JAIL4 ,!N1 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#h#h#c1 AFT] A DEMON/RATION AT LES ,9VALIDES1 %E L$ A CR[D ACROSS ,P>IS UND] ! BLACK FLAG ( AN>*ISM4 ,%E WAS >RE/$ & TRI$ = RIOT+ & = 9CIT+ H] FOLL[]S TO LOOT BAK]IES4 ,(F]+ NO REAL DEF5SE AT H] TRIAL1 %E WAS S5T5C$ TO SIX YE>S 9 PRISON4 ,P>DON$ ?REE YE>S LAT]1 %E RESOLUTELY CONT9U$ H] SPEE*ES & WRIT+1 ! RADICAL PUBLIC HONOR+ H] AS 0LA GR&E CITOY5NE40 ,FROM #ahi TO #aie %E SP5T ! GREAT] P>T ( H] TIME 9 ,5GL& 9 SELF-IMPOS$ EXILE1 AL?\< %E MADE A NUMB] ( SPEAK+ T\RS 9 ,FRANCE & ELSE:]E4 ,%E WAS 5GAG$ 9 ONE ( ?OSE SPEAK+ T\RS 9 #aie :5 %E DI$1 H] FUN]AL BECOM+ AN OCCASION = A MASSIVE \TP\R+ ( S5TIM5T FROM ?REE G5]ATIONS ( REVOLUTION>IES4 

,L\ISE ,MI*EL DECL>ES 9 H] MEMOIRS ?AT %E WAS AN AN>*I/1 HAV+ COME TO ! FAI? AFT] %E PASS$ ?R\< H] Y\?FUL1 VAGUE SYMPA?Y = ! D[NTRODD5 & H] LAT] ILL-DEF9$ DEVOTION TO A ,UTOPIAN REVOLUTION4 ,%E CLAIM$ LAT] ?AT H] TRANS=MATION TO AN>*ISM CAME ON H] VOYAGE TO ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA ABO>D ! PRISON %IP ,VIRG9IE1 DUR+ :I* TIME %E WAS CAG$ = F\R MON?S ) ,NATALIE ,LEMEL1 :O CONV]T$ H]4 ,9 H] MEMOIRS ,MI*EL /ATES ?AT ! AN>*I/ 0,MANIFE/O ( ,LYON0 ( ,JANU>Y #ahhc PRECISELY EXPRESS$ H] POLITICAL BELIEFS4 0,I %>E ALL ( ! IDEAS WRITT5 !RE10 %E WRITES 9 H] MEMOIRS1 & %E QUOTES ! COMPLETE TEXT ( ?AT DOCUM5T4 

,BUT ,MI*EL'S AN>*ISM WAS EMOTIONAL1 NOT !ORETICAL4 ,9 FACT1 %E WAS SURPRIS+LY ILL READ 9 CONTEMPOR>Y & HI/ORICAL REVOLUTION>Y WRIT+S4 ,?AT %E HAD READ ,LAM5NAIS IS C]TA92 ?AT %E HAD READ ,PR\DHON IS LIKELY4 ,IT IS LESS PROBABLE ?AT %E HAD READ EI!R ,BLANQUI OR ,BAKUN91 AL?\< %E C]TA9LY KNEW ( !IR IDEAS1 :I* W]E 9 ! AIR AT ! TIME4 ,M>XISM DISMAY$ H]1 BUT PLAY$ LITTLE P>T 9 H] MEMOIRS BECAUSE H] FULL EXPOSURE TO ,M>XISM DID NOT COME UNTIL ! #a#h#iS1 SEV]AL YE>S AFT] H] MEMOIRS W]E PUBLI%$4 ,:AT IS REM>KABLE >E H] OMISSIONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 %E NEV] M5TIONS ,BABEUF & HIS 0,MANIFE/O ( ! ,EQUALS40 ,%E WRITES AB\T CLOSE FRI5DS & ASSOCIATES :O MADE !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO RADICAL DOCTR9E-- ,KROPOTK91 ,GUESDE1 & ,P\GET1 :O WAS H] CODEF5DANT 9 #a#h#h#c--BUT %E NEV] M5TIONS !IR WRIT+S4 

,?AT H] COMMITM5T TO AN>*ISM WAS EMOTIONAL DID NOT PRODUCE 9TELLECTUAL 9CONSI/5CY4 ,9DE$1 AFT] H] ,UTOPIAN PHASE %E WAS 5TIRELY CONSI/5T 9 H] VIEW ( PROP]TY1 H] P]CEPTION ( EXPLOITATION1 H] CLAIMS = ! ROLE ( SCI5CE1 & H] VISION ( ! BASIC GOOD 9 MANK9D4 ,SIMIL>LY1 9 H] 5COMIUMS TO ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION %E WAS CONSI/5T REG>D+ ITS =M & NATURE3 ,IT W\LD BE A SPONTANE\S RIS+ ( ! PEOPLE AGA9/ 9JU/ICE & EXPLOITATION4 

,?AT EMPHASIS ON ! SPONTANE\S UPRIS+ ( ! PEOPLE KEPT H]1 9DIRECTLY1 FROM DEM&+ ! USE ( T]ROR1 A /EP MANY AN>*I/S TOOK4 ,MI*EL M5TIONS ASSASS9ATION AS A TOOL ONLY OCCASIONALLY4 ,ONCE1 %E DISCUSSES MURD]+ ,L\IS ,NAPOLEON ,BONAP>TE2 ANO!R TIME1 %E TALKS AB\T ASSASS9AT+ ,ADOLPHE ,?I]S4 ,YET %E NEV] MADE ANY CONCRETE PREP>ATIONS TO C>RY \T PLANS TO MURD] ! TWO4 ,SIMIL>LY1 H] ONLY USE ( EXPLOSIVES WAS AN ABORTIVE ATTEMPT TO BL[ UP A /ATUE4 0,TYRANNICIDE10 %E WRITES1 0IS PRACTICAL ONLY :5 TYRANNY HAS A S+LE HEAD1 OR AT MO/ A SMALL NUMB] ( HEADS4 ,:5 IT IS A HYDRA1 ONLY ! ,REVOLUTION CAN KILL IT40 

,%E WAS VAGUE AB\T :AT W\LD HAPP5 ! DAY AFT] ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 O!R ?AN (F]+ IMAGES ( DAWNS & FIREWORKS4 ,%E DOES COMM5T ?AT IT W\LD BE BETT] IF ALL ! LEAD]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION %\LD P]I% 9 A*IEV+ IT1 = !N ! PEOPLE W\LD NOT HAVE TO CONT5D ) A SURVIV+ G5]AL /AFF4 ,BUT SOMEH[ ! AN>*I/ DREAM W\LD BE FULFILL$4 

,AN>*ISM1 0! LOGICAL CONCLUSION ( ! ROMANTIC DOCTR9E10 TO USE ,E4 ,H4 ,C>R'S FELICIT\S PHRASE1 IS P]IL\SLY DIFFICULT TO DEF9E4 ,YET ITS CORE--AN 9SI/5CE ON ! IMPORTANCE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 A HATR$ ( ALL =MS ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 A BELIEF 9 ! 9NATE GOODNESS ( MAN--FITT$ SO PROVID5TIALLY ) ,MI*EL'S ?9K+ ?AT IT IS H>D TO DECIDE :E!R ,MI*EL F\ND AN>*ISM OR AN>*ISM F\ND ,MI*EL4 ,AT ! TIME :5 %E WROTE H] MEMOIRS %E BELIEV$ IMPLACABLY ?AT PROGRESS WAS 9EVITABLE1 ?AT PEOPLE W]E 9NATELY GOOD1 & ?AT GOV]NM5TS1 ANY GOV]NM5TS1 W]E EVIL4 ,H] /ATEM5T ?AT 0P[] IS EVIL0 =MS ! NUCLEUS ( EV]Y AN>*I/ SY/EM1 BUT NEI!R %E NOR ANY O!R AN>*I/ EV] F\ND A READY ANSW] TO ,GEORGE ,B]N>D ,%AW'S IRRITAT+ QUE/ION4 ,IF MAN IS SO GOOD1 HE ASK$1 0H[ DID ! CORRUPTION & OPPRESSION UND] :I* HE GROANS EV] >ISE80 

,MI*EL AVOID$ ! QUE/ION4 ,%E SAW HI/ORY AS ! /ORY ( FREE PEOPLE BE+ SOMEH[ 5SLAV$2 ! DETAILS W]E VAGUE4 ,BUT H] 9T]E/ 9 ! PA/ WAS AS GREAT AS H] HOPE = ! FUTURE4 ,ROMANTIC ?\< H] VISION ( ! PA/ MAY HAVE BE51 FULL ( MY? & MON/]1 YET IT WAS 9 EASY ACCORD ) H] ROMANTIC DREAM = ! FUTURE4 ,TO H]1 PA/ & FUTURE W]E 9DISSOLUBLY L9K$4 

,UN=TUNATELY = ,MI*EL'S HOPES--& HI/ORICAL REPUTATION--! ROMANTIC DREAM ( AN>*ISM WAS A WAN+ =CE NOT ! WAVE ( ! FUTURE4 ,:ILE IT IS TRUE ?AT AN>*ISM'S GREATE/ 9FLU5CE 9 ,FRANCE1 NUM]ICALLY AT LEA/1 FOLL[$ ! \TRAGES ( ! #a#h#iS & LA/$ UNTIL ! \TBREAK ( ! ,GREAT ,W>1 9 ?OSE DECADES ! SIMPLE & DIRECT =CE ( AN>*ISM WAS ABSORB$ 9TO ! ,B\RSES DE ,TRAVAIL1 ! PROTEAN ,CONF$]ATION ,G5DRALE DU ,TRAVAIL1 & FACTIONAL 9FI<T+4 ,! AN>*ISM ?AT ,L\ISE ,MI*EL DREAM$ (1 ! =MLESS UPRIS+ LEAD+ TO ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION & ! 5D ( EXPLOITATION1 DISAPPE>$ 9TO IRRECONCILABLE BICK]+ OV] DETAIL & ME?OD4 ,! DREAM DIFFUS$1 !N DISAPPE>$ LIKE A WISP ( SMOKE4 

,MI*EL WAS NO MORE AN ORGANIZ] ?AN %E WAS A !ORI/4 ,NOT = ,MI*EL ! %ABBY1 ILL-LIT ROOMS :]E 9TRIGU]S & PLOTT]S PUT TOGE!R DEMON/RATIONS & ORGANIZATIONS4 0,ALL REVOLUTIONS HAVE BE5 9SUFFICI5T BECAUSE !Y HAVE BE5 POLITICAL10 %E SAID 9 A SPEE* 9 #a#h#h#b4 ,%E BELIEV$ ORGANIZATION UNNECESS>Y BECAUSE %E WAS ADAMANTLY ( ! OP9ION ?AT AT SOME NE> MOM5T ! POOR & EXPLOIT$ W\LD RISE UP SPONTANE\SLY1 & ?R\< %E] NUMB]S1 =CE ( WILL1 & ! DEC5CY ( !IR CAUSE1 !Y W\LD =CE ! OLD ORD] TO %RIVEL UP BE=E !M4 ,9 ?IS VE91 ,MI*EL'S MO/ TYPICAL ACT WAS 9 #a#h#h#c1 :51 ) NO P>TICUL> OBJECTIVE1 %E L$ ! CR[D ( SELF-PROCLAIM$ AN>*I/S ACROSS ,P>IS4 

,NEI!R !ORI/ NOR ORGANIZ]1 ,MI*EL FILL$ ANO!R ROLE = ! ,FR5* RADICALS4 0,NE>LY ,JOAN ( ,>C10 ,V]LA9E CALL$ H]4 ,& ,VICTOR ,HUGO1 NO AN>*I/1 AL?\< SURELY A ROMANTIC1 HAD NAM$ ! FIR/ DRAFT ( A POEM 0,L\ISE ,MI*EL02 9 ?IS L5G?Y POEM1 RETITL$ 0,MORE ,?AN A ,MAN10 ,HUGO WROTE1  
  

,?OSE :O KN[ 4 4 4 

,Y\R DAYS1 Y\R NI<TS1 Y\R C>ES1 Y\R TE>S1 GIV5 TO EV]YONE1 

,Y\R =GETFULNESS ( Y\RSELF 9 HELP+ O!RS1 

,Y\R WORDS LIKE ! FLAMES ( APO/LES1 

,Y\R LONG LOOK ( HATR$ TO ALL ?OSE :O >E 9HUMAN1 

,& ! FEET ( *ILDR5 :I* Y\ W>M BETWE5 Y\R H&S1 4 4 4  
  

,HE W\LD REALIZE ,MI*EL WAS 9CAPABLE ( ANY?+ NOT H]OIC OR VIRTU\S4 ,MI*EL HAD1 ,HUGO CONCLUD$3  
  

4 4 4 TWO SPIRITS 9T]M+L$ 

4 4 4 ! DIV9E *AOS ( />LIKE ?+S 

,SE5 AT ! BOTTOM ( A GREAT & /ORMY HE>T 

444 A RADIANCE SE5 9 A FLAME 4  
  

,EV]Y MOVEM5T NE$S PROPHETS & LAWGIV]S1 S9N]S & APO/ATES1 M>TYRS & SA9TS4 ,= ,FR5* AN>*I/S1 ,MI*EL WAS M>TYR & SA9T--! ,R$ ,VIRG94 

,MI*EL'S 9TELLECTUAL CURIOSITY WAS IMM5SE1 H] ?IR/ = KN[L$GE UNQU5*ABLE4 ,?R\<\T H] MEMOIRS RUNS AN AMAZ+ ASSORTM5T ( SUBJECTS3 MUSIC1 MUSICAL 9/RUM5TS1 TEA*+ TE*NIQUES1 CRUELTY TO ANIMALS1 ! /ATUS ( WOM51 ! MONEY US$ 9 ! ,CAN>Y ,ISL&S1 9SECTS1 ,KANAKAN AN?ROPOLOGY1 ! WEA!R1 BOTANY--! LI/ IS 5DLESS4 ,AS A *ILD %E COLLECT$ ANIMAL SKELETONS 9 H] T[]2 AS A S*OOLMI/RESS 9 ,P>IS1 9 SPITE ( H] BUSY TEA*+ S*$ULE1 %E ATT5D$ CLASSES ON PHYSICS1 *EMI/RY1 HI/ORY1 & EV5 LAW2 9 PRISON %E WROTE BOOKS & POETRY2 9 ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA %E CATALOG$ FLORA & FAUNA & EXP]IM5T$ ) VACC9AT+ PAPAYA TREES AGA9/ JAUNDICE4 

,! 9N] LIFE %E REVEALS 9 H] MEMOIRS WAS SURELY A REM>KABLE ONE4 ,LEG5DS1 BEA/S1 & FOLK H]OES M+L$ 9 H] FANTASIES1 & %E NEV] DI/+UI%$ BETWE5 H] FANTASIES & REALITY4 ,H] E>LY LIFE1 %E SAYS1 WAS 0MADE UP ( DREAMS & /UDY10 A PREP>ATION = ! SECOND P>T ( H] LIFE1 0! P]IOD ( /RUGGLE40 ,BUT ACCORD+ TO H] ACC\NT1 %E ACT$ DUR+ ! WAK+ WORLD ( ! ,SIEGE & ,COMMUNE AS %E HAD SE5 H]SELF ACT 9 H] DREAMS4 ,DREAM & ACTION W]E ! SAME1 &1 9 H] M9D1 APP>5TLY 9DI/+UI%ABLE4 ,! GALL[S SPEE*ES %E 9V5T$ 9 H] *ILDHOOD %E DELIV]$ TO H] JUDGES 9 #a#h#g#a4 

,PEOPLE MAKE !IR [N DRAMAS & !N /> 9 !M1 & ,MI*EL GAVE ! IMPRESSION ( PLAY+ H]SELF4 ,%E SAW H]SELF AS DRUIDESS1 VALKYRIE1 VE/AL VIRG91 MOV+ ?R\< A LIFE ?AT CONTA9$ F> MORE--/RANGE DEMONS & MY/IC VISIONS--?AN ! EYE C\LD SEE4 ,ON ONE OCCASION 9 ! #a#h#fS %E WALK$ ) H] FRI5D ,VICTOR9E ?R\< ! DEEP WOODS NE> H] *ILDHOOD HOME4 ,NE> ! PAIR1 PADD+ ALONG ALMO/ SIL5TLY ?R\< ! =E/1 A WOLF PAC$ !IR /EPS1 %E CLAIMS4 ,WAS ! WOLF REALLY !RE8 ,PROBABLY NOT4 ,9 ! #a#h#fS ! NUMB] ( WOLVES1 EV5 9 ! ,HAUTE-,M>NE1 WAS SMALL1 BUT ! BEA/ EXI/$ 9 ,MI*EL'S M9D C]TA9LY & TRULY4 

,:5 ,MI*EL IS N>RAT+ EV5TS ( PUBLIC RECORD %E IS SURPRIS+LY ACCURATE1 CONSID]+ ?AT ! MA9 PREP>ATION ( ! TEXT TOOK PLACE 9 PRISON CELLS4 ,AFT] H] RETURN FROM ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA %E WAS FOLL[$ DAILY BY POLICE AG5TS :5 %E WAS NOT 9 JAIL4 ,!IR REPORTS HAVE SURVIV$1 SO H] LIFE FROM #ahha TO #ahhc & FROM #ahhf TO #ahhi HAS A CORROBORATIVE RECORD1 IF NOT AN OBJECTIVE ONE4 #e ,BUT = H] *ILDHOOD & H] YE>S AS A S*OOLMI/RESS ALMO/ ! ONLY RECORD IS H] MEMORY1 & SOME ( ! ATTITUDES %E DESCRIBES DO NOT R+ TRUE4 ,P]HAPS ,MI*EL CON/RUCT$ H] FANTASY & !N LIV$ IT \T2 IT SEEMS MORE LIKELY ?AT %E LIV$ H] LIFE & !N SUP]IMPOS$ H] FANTASY ONTO IT RETROSPECTIVELY4 ,FEW PEOPLE O!R ?AN MEMOIRI/S HAVE ! *ANCE TO LIVE !IR LIVES OV] AGA94 

,MI*EL IS A/ONI%+LY FREE ( ! SELF-AGGR&IZEM5T MEMOIRS >E PRONE TO1 EV5 TO ! PO9T ( NEGLECT+ H] [N IMPORTANCE4 ,%E WAS1 AFT] ALL1 ! *AIRMAN ( ! ,WOM5'S ,VIGILANCE ,COMMITTEE DUR+ ! ,COMMUNE4 ,DUR+ ! ,SIEGE %E HAD BE5 RESPONSIBLE = ! DAY-TO- DAY WELF>E ( SOME TWO HUNDR$ *ILDR51 A TASK :I* %E DID V]Y WELL1 ?ANKS TO ! ASSI/ANCE ( ,GEORGES ,CLEM5CEAU2 NO M5TION ( H] EF=T APPE>S 9 H] MEMOIRS1 AL?\< IT IS OBLIQUELY REF]R$ TO AT ONE ( H] TRIALS4 ,AFT] H] RETURN FROM EXILE 9 ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA1 %E REPRE6 S5T$ ,FRANCE AT ,KROPOTK9'S 9T]NATIONAL GA!R+ 9 ,LONDON2 %E M5TIONS ! TRIP1 BUT SAYS NO?+ ( H] ROLE !RE4 

,FROM TIME TO TIME MISDIRECTION1 :E!R CONSCI\S OR UNCONSCI\S1 APPE>S 9 H] MEMOIRS4 ,%E PO9TS ) A GR& GE/URE TO AN 9VIT+ VISION ?AT IS SIMPLY NOT TRUE4 ,/ILL1 ! MISDIRECTIONS ( #ahhf 9DICATE EI!R ! WAY ?AT ,L\ISE ,MI*EL TRULY SAW H] [N LIFE OR ! WAY %E WANT$ O!RS TO SEE IT4 ,! EFFECT IS ALMO/ ! SAME1 & P]HAPS %E WAS UNAW>E ( ! DIFF]5CE4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y1 A FIFTY-SIX-YE>-OLD WOMAN1 HAD SACRIFIC$ EV]Y?+ TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,P]HAPS TO JU/IFY :AT %E HAD BECOME %E HAD NO *OICE O!R ?AN TO MAKE H] Y\?FUL SELF 9TO ! REVOLUTION>Y %E WAS LAT]4 

,SOME ( H] MISDIRECTION IS H>MLESS4 ,%E SUBTRACTS FIVE OR SIX YE>S FROM H] TRUE AGE1 & :5 %E WRITES ( H] *ILDHOOD ADV5TURES1 %E PA9TS H]SELF AS A MIS*IEV\S HOYD54 ,%E WAS FIFTE5 :5 H] GR&FA!R DI$1 & TW5TY :5 H] PAT]NAL GR&MO!R DI$ & ! HALF-RU9$ MANOR H\SE :]E %E HAD GR[N UP WAS SOLD4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! *ILDHOOD /ORIES CONC]N ! P]IOD :ILE H] GR&6 FA!R WAS /ILL LIV+1 & %E SAYS COMP>ATIVELY LITTLE ?AT CAN BE DAT$ ) C]TA9TY TO ! P]IOD FROM HIS DEA? UNTIL H] GR&MO!R'S1 AL?\< H] /ORIES ( ! ECREGNES1 ! GA!R+S ( VILLAGE WOM51 PROBABLY BELONG TO ?OSE YE>S4 

,%E WAS APP>5TLY A PROP]LY RELIGI\S *ILD1 DESPITE H] ATTEMPT TO %[ H]SELF AS DET]M9$LY ANTICL]ICAL FROM ! FIR/ ,VOLTAIRIAN TEA*6 +S ( H] GR&FA!R4 ,CONTRADICT+ H] ATTEMPTS TO DON ?IS MANTLE >E H9TS ( H] ATTRACTION TO MY/ICAL ,CA?OLICISM ?R\< ! F]V5T TEA*+S ( H] DEV\T AUNT4 ,EV5 ,MI*EL'S /ORY ( 9/RUCT+ H] PUPILS 9 ,AUDELONC\RT TO BOYCOTT ! M&AT$ PRAY] = ! ,EMP]OR R+S FALSE 9 VIEW ( A /RONG RECOMM5DATION BY A LOCAL CURE :I* APPE>S 9 H] APPLICATION TO C]TIFY H] S*OOL4 #f ,EV5 )\T ?AT DOCUM5T AS PRO(1 MU* ( ! V]SE %E WROTE 9 ! #a#h#eS--V]SE :I* %E DOES NOT QUOTE 9 H] MEMOIRS--WAS >D5TLY ,*RI/IAN4 

,SIMIL>LY1 H] MEMOIRS W\LD HAVE ! READ] BELIEVE ?AT %E TAU<T 9 ,AUDELONC\RT = SEV]AL YE>S & !N LEFT = ,P>IS4 ,?AT IS NOT TRUE4 ,AFT] A LIMIT$ =MAL $UCATION %E RECEIV$ H] DIPLOMA 9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#e#b1 TAU<T 9 ,AUDELONC\RT = A YE>1 W5T TO ,P>IS = A FIR/ & UNM5TION$ P]IOD BEG9N+ 9 ,JANU>Y #a#h#e#d1 & !N RETURN$ TO ! ,HAUTE-,M>NE ! FOLL[+ FALL BECAUSE H] MO!R WAS ILL4 ,%E TRI$ TO REOP5 H] S*OOL AT ,AUDELONC\RT1 BUT FAIL$ BECAUSE H] =M] PUPILS HAD GONE ELSE:]E4 ,!N %E TRI$ TO OP5 A S*OOL AT ,CLEFMONT2 :E!R %E SUCCE$$ IS UNCLE>1 BUT 9 #ahee %E & ,JULIE ,LONG*AMPS OP5$ A S*OOL AT ,MILLI@5RES1 :]E ,MI*EL TAU<T = TWO YE>S BE=E GO+ TO ,P>IS A SECOND TIME4 ,POSSIBLY ! REASON = ,MI*EL'S LACK ( CL>ITY ON ?IS SUBJECT /EMS FROM EMB>RASSM5T OV] ADMITT+ A SUCCESSION ( FAILURES OR ONLY P>TIAL SUCCESSES4 

,P]HAPS /ILL FE>+ GOV]NM5TAL REPRISALS1 ,MI*EL LIES AB\T ! DEMON/RATION ( #bb ,JANU>Y #a#h#g#a1 SUGGE/+ ?AT IT WAS 9T5D$ TO BE A G5TLE & UN>M$ PROTE/4 ,9 FACT1 IT WAS PLANN$ AS A DIRECT CONFRONTATION ) ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE4 ,%E ALSO OMITS ! 9=MATION ?AT %E WAS DRESS$ 9 A ,NATIONAL ,GU>D UNI=M & WAS C>RY+ A RIFLE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 %E M9IMIZES H] ROLE 9 ! C\NCILS ( ! ,COMMUNE & IS A BIT ELLIPTICAL :5 %E DISCUSSES :AT P>T %E PLAY$ 9 MILIT>Y EV5TS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 %E WAS A MEMB] ( ! #f#a/ ,BATTALION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 :I* WAS COMM&$ BY ,EUDES1 ! HUSB& ( H] FRI5D1 ,VICTOR9E ,L\VET4 

,H] N>RATIVE ( H] >RE/1 CONF9EM5T1 & TRIAL >E /RAI<T=6 W>D1 AS IS H] ACC\NT ( ! VOYAGE TO ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA 9 #a#h#g#c4 ,! CAPTA9 ( ! PRISON %IP1 ! ,VIRG9IE1 WAS DEEPLY CONC]N$1 HIS REPORTS %[1 ) ! WELL-BE+ ( ! DEPORTEES ABO>D2 & ! TRIP1 :ILE C]TA9LY UNPLEASANT1 WAS NOT UNNECESS>ILY >DU\S4 

,MI*EL MAKES LI<T ( ! PHYSICAL DISCOM=T ( ! PRISON CAMPS ON ! ,DUCOS ,P59SULA AT ,NUMBO & LAT] AT ! ,BAY ( ! ,WE/4 ,CONDITIONS !RE W]E F> LESS EASY ?AN %E SUGGE/S1 BUT %E RES]VES H] CRITICISM = ! JAIL]S & !IR POLICY ( REPRESSION1 NOT ! POOR FOOD & 9ADEQUATE M$ICAL FACILITIES4 

,%E WAS C]TA9LY 9VOLV$ P]IPH]ALLY 9 ! ,KANAKAN UPRIS+ ( #ah< 9 ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA1 YET H] COMM5TS ON IT >E SCANTY4 ,9DE$1 H] ACC\NT ( !SE EV5TS1 9 :I* %E H9TS BROADLY ?AT %E KN[S MORE ?AN %E *OOSES TO TELL1 IS ! ONLY PLACE 9 H] MEMOIRS :]E %E IS COY ) ! READ]4 ,C]TA9LY ! AU?ORITIES MI<T HAVE TAK5 NOTICE ( AN OP5 CONFESSION1 BUT :5 %E WRITES AB\T ! ,SIEGE & ! ,COMMUNE1 %E SIMPLY AVOIDS 9DICTABLE REVELATIONS4 

,UPON H] RETURN TO ,FRANCE1 ,MI*EL PLUNG$ 9TO RADICAL POLITICS ALMO/ )\T PAUS+4 ,H] ACC\NT ( !SE EV5TS IS ANECDOTAL & EPISODIC1 NOT SY/EMATIC4 ,AMONG ! SUBJECTS ON :I* %E FOCUSES IS ! 9CR$IBLE EF=T ( ! ,PREFECT ( ,POLICE TO E/ABLI% A RADICAL J\RNAL1 HIS IDEA BE+ ?AT SU* A PUBLICATION W\LD HELP HIM TO KEEP TRACK ( REVOLUTION>IES BECAUSE !Y W\LD CONGREGATE >\ND IT4 ,MI*EL ALSO DESCRIBES SPEAK+ T\RS %E MADE TO ,BELGIUM & ,5GL&4 

,DUR+ ?OSE YE>S H] FRI5D ,M>IE ,F]RE DI$1 BUT ! CLIMAX ( EV5TS1 = ,MI*EL1 WAS ! ,TRIAL ( ! ,SIXTY-EI<T AT ,LYON1 :]E ! GOV]NM5T TRI$ TO BREAK ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T BY DE/ROY+ MANY ( ITS LEAD]S1 AMONG !M ,KROPOTK9 & ,GAU?I]4 ,MI*EL HAD BE5 9 ,5GL& DUR+ ! E>LI] P>T ( ! TRIAL1 BUT %E WAS PRES5T AT ! LA/ PHASE1 & %E ID5TIFI$ H]SELF ) ! PRISON]S1 AL?\< %E WAS NOT AMONG ?OSE 9DICT$4 ,AFT] ! CONVICTION ( ! ,SIXTY-EI<T1 %E FELT %E HAD TO DO SOME?+3 0,I W\LD HAVE BE5 AN ACCESSORY TO C[>DICE IF ,I DID NOT USE ! LIB]TY ,I WAS ALL[$--,I DON'T KN[ :Y--TO CALL UP A NEW & IMM5SE ,9T]NATIONAL :I* W\LD /RET* FROM ONE 5D ( ! E>? TO ! O!R40 ,%E WAS SE>*+ = M>TYRDOM :5 %E F\ND IT AT LES ,9VALIDES 9 ,APRIL #a#h#h#c2 ! GOV]NM5T REACT$ SAVAGELY & AFT] A %AM ( A TRIAL %E WAS S5T5C$ TO SIX YE>S ( SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T1 A S5T5CE SO 9COMM5SURATE ) ! CRIME ?AT EV5 CONS]VATIVE PAP]S PROTE/$4 

,H] MO!R'S DECL9+ HEAL? WORS5$4 ,MI*EL WAS GIV5 P>OLE TO VISIT H] :ILE AWAIT+ TRIAL & AT LEA/ TWICE AFT] CONVICTION4 ,:5 %E WAS 9 ! ,C5TRALE ,PRISON AT ,CL]MONT %E WAS ALSO ALL[$ TO GO SEE H] MO!R1 A MO/ EXCEPTIONAL PROCE$+1 AL?\< AS ,MI*EL'S BIOGRAPH] ,$I? ,?OMAS NOTES :5 %E DISCUSSES ?IS EPISODE1 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY WAS 0A MU* MORE HUMANE EPO* ?AN \RS40 ,MI*EL GAVE CR$IT TO ! AU?ORITIES = TRANSF]R+ H] TO A ,P>IS PRISON AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,DECEMB] #ahhd SO ?AT %E MI<T BE NE> H] MO!R4 ,F\R DAYS LAT] ! ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR GAVE P]MISSION = ,MI*EL1 GU>D$ BY TWO POLICE 9SPECTORS1 TO /AY AT H] MO!R'S B$SIDE4 ,FROM ,MI*EL'S MEMOIRS IT IS H>D TO TELL ?AT %E /AY$ ) H] MO!R ALMO/ A MON?1 FROM #aa ,DECEMB] #ahhd UNTIL H] MO!R'S DEA? ON #c ,JANU>Y #a#h#h#e4 

,MI*EL'S EMOTIONS W]E ALWAYS 9T5SE4 ,! PAGES ( H] MEMOIRS >E SPR9KL$ ?R\<\T ) AFFECTION = H] MO!R1 & :5 %E DESCRIBES H] *ILDHOOD1 %E EXHIBITS DEVOTION TO H] OLD] RELATIVES4 ,LAT]1 AS A Y\NG WOMAN1 %E =M$ A CLOSE FRI5D%IP ) ,JULIE ,LONG*AMPS1 :O FOLL[$ H] TO ,P>IS4 ,! TWO REMA9$ CLOSE 9TO ! #a#h#fS1 DRIFT+ AP>T ONLY :5 ,LONG*AMPS FAIL$ TO FOLL[ ,MI*EL 9TO RADICAL POLITICS4 

,?R\< ! YE>S ,MI*EL'S AFFECTION = H] PUPILS REMA9$ UN6 DIMM$4 ,%E IS BITT] :5 %E REBUTS ! GOV]NM5T'S CLAIM1 MADE AT H] FIR/ TRIAL1 ?AT %E HAD NO PUPILS1 YET %E LET F> GREAT] FALSEHOODS /& UNREFUT$4 ,%E SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 A CONSCI5TI\S & IMAG9ATIVE TEA*]1 & \TSIDE EVID5CE CORROBORATES ?AT JUDGM5T4 ,= EXAMPLE1 H] DEVOTION TO TEA*+ ! ,KANAKAS 9 ,N\MEA E>N$ A LETT] ( COMM5DATION1 A LETT] %E QUOTES ) OBVI\S PRIDE4 

,MI*EL'S SYMPA?IES FOCUS$ UPON ALL :O W]E HELPLESS 9 SOCIETY3 ! POOR1 ! ELD]LY1 PRISON]S1 & WOM54 ,%E DEVELOP$ A PROT(EM9ISM1 BUT IT QUICKLY M]G$ 9TO A MORE G5]AL RADICALISM4 ,MI*EL SAW ! PROBLEMS ( SOCIETY CLE>LY1 & %E SAW ?AT MANY GR\PS1 NOT JU/ WOM51 W]E BE+ EXPLOIT$4 ,?US1 A *APT] 9 H] MEMOIRS CONC]N+ WOM5 *ANGES ITS TONE UNTIL IT BECOMES A PLEA = BO? WOM5 & M5 0TO MOVE ?R\< LIFE TOGE!R AS GOOD COMPANIONS0 AS !Y M>* T[>D ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,AFT] IT OCCURS1 0M5 & WOM5 TOGE!R WILL GA9 ! RI<TS ( ALL HUMANITY40 ,!Y WILL NOT >GUE ANY LONG] 0AB\T :I* SEX IS SUP]IOR0 ANY MORE ?AN 0RACES WILL >GUE AB\T :I* RACE IS =EMO/40 ,MI*EL'S AV]SION TO CRUELTY TO ANIMALS IS CONNECT$ ) H] SYMPA?IES = ! HELPLESS & EXPLOIT$3 0,EV]Y6 ?+ FITS TOGE!R1 FROM ! BIRD :OSE BROOD IS CRU%$ TO ! HUMANS :OSE NE/S >E DE/ROY$ BY W>40 

,! MO/ 9T5SE FEEL+S 9 H] MEMOIRS1 AFT] ?OSE = H] MO!R1 >E RES]V$ = ,!OPHILE ,F]RE4 ,%E FREQU5TLY REF]S TO HIM & HIS EXECUTION1 BUT IT IS H>D TO DET]M9E :E!R H] FEEL+S >E = ,F]RE AS A P]SON OR AS A SYMBOL ( :AT REPRESSION C\LD LEAD TO4 ,:E!R ,MI*EL'S W>M FRI5D%IP = ,F]RE'S SI/] ,M>IE WAS ! PRODUCT ( H] FEEL+S = ,!OPHILE OR 9DEP5D5T ( !M IS UNCLE>1 BUT ,MI*EL'S & ,M>IE ,F]RY'S LIVES W]E P]MAN5TLY 9T]TW9$4 ,M>IE HELP$ TO C>E = ,MI*EL'S MO!R :ILE ,MI*EL WAS AT MEET+S1 EXIL$1 TRAVEL+1 OR 9 PRISON1 & ! TWO MA9TA9$ A LIVELY CORRESPOND5CE ?R\< ! YE>S4 ,IT IS TO ,M>IE ?AT %E [$ H] COLLECTION ( POEMS & CLIPP+S1 MANY ( :I* >E 9CLUD$ 9 ! MEMOIRS4 ,%ORTLY AFT] ,MI*EL'S >RE/ = ! DEMON/RATION FOLL[+ ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ,BLANQUI'S DEA? ,M>IE DI$1 & 9 ! MEMOIRS ,MI*EL 9CLUDES AN ACC\NT ( ,M>IE'S FUN]AL & A EULOGI/IC LETT] FROM ,H5RI ,RO*E=T4 

,BUT ,MI*EL'S EMOTIONAL LIFE C5T]$ ON H] MO!R4 ,MI*EL RECOGNIZ$ ?AT %E HAD CAUS$ ! GREAT] P>T ( H] MO!R'S SUFF]+S1 CAUS$ !M BECAUSE ( OP9IONS :I* H] MO!R 0DIDN'T %>E40 ,?R\<\T H] LIFE1 H] MO!R /RUGGL$ TO PAY H] DAU<T]'S DEBTS & %[]$ H] ) AFFECTION & LITTLE PRES5TS4 ,9 RETURN1 ,L\ISE TRI$ TO HIDE H] MIS=TUNES FROM H] MO!R & TO EASE H] LA/ MOM5TS4 0,WE REVOLUTION>IES BR+ SO LITTLE HAPP9ESS TO \R FAMILIES10 ,MI*EL LAM5TS4 ,TO PAY TRIBUTE TO H] MO!R1 ,MI*EL PR9TS ! ACC\NT ( H] MO!R'S FUN]AL 9 FULL4 ,:AT %E FAIL$ TO REALIZE WAS ?AT ! MANY ?\S&S :O FOLL[$ H] MO!R'S BODY ?R\< ,P>IS TO ! GRAVEY>D AT ,LEVALLOIS-,P]RET W]E HONOR+ NOT ONLY H] MO!R BUT ,L\ISE H]SELF4 

,= ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES1 ,MI*EL'S MEMOIRS 5D AT ! TIME ( H] MO!R'S DEA?1 & ) H] SPIRIT BLEAK FROM ! LOSS %E HAD SUFF]$1 %E COMPLET$ !M = PUBLICATION ! FOLL[+ YE>4 ,REALITY IS MALLEABLE1 & TO RECALL ! PROCESSES ( ONE'S M9D1 :I* A MEMOIRI/ MU/ DO1 IS TO SEE PA/ EV5TS ?R\< :ATEV] SUN OR %AD[ EXI/S AT ! MOM5T :5 ! RECOLLECTION IS CALL$ =?4 ,?\< ,MI*EL'S DEVOTION TO ! REVOLUTION>Y CAUSE & H] OPTIMISM = ! FUTURE REMA9$ /EADFA/1 EV5 UND] ! %AD[ ( ! MO!R'S DEA?1 IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT %E W\LD HAVE %[N LESS NO/ALGIA & LESS SORR[ = A LO/ PA/ IF %E HAD NOT WRITT5 H] MEMOIRS UND] ! IMM$IATE IMPACT ( H] GRIEF4 

,IT WAS SOMETIME DUR+ ,MI*EL'S ?IRD PRISON T]M1 :I* BEGAN 9 #a#h#h#c1 ?AT %E />T$ TO WRITE !SE MEMOIRS1 AL?\< DOCUM5TS = !M HAD BE5 COLLECT$ E>LI]4 ,%E ALSO HAD SOME E>LI] PIECES1 LIKE A HI/ORY ( ! ,HAUTE-,M>NE ?AT %E HAD BEGUN DUR+ H] *ILDHOOD1 & %E MAKES ONE TANTALIZ+ REF]5CE TO A 0J\RNAL0 %E KEPT ( ! VOYAGE TO ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA1 :I* HAS DISAPPE>$4 

,9 #a#h#h#e1 AFT] H] MO!R DI$1 ,MI*EL SUFF]$ SOME SORT ( N]V\S COLLAPSE1 :I* C]TA9LY WAS AMONG ! REASONS = H] MEMOIRS' BE+ FRAGM5T$ & DISJO9T$4 ,AL?\< A V]Y R\< *RONOLOGICAL \TL9E RUNS ?R\< ! TWO P>TS1 /ORIES & ANECDOTES APPE> MORE ?R\< WORD ASSOCIATION ?AN FROM /EP-BY-/EP N>RATIVE4 ,NOR >E ! MEMOIRS LIMIT$ TO FACTUAL ACC\NTS4 ,!Y >E FILL$ ) EMOTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS ( H] DREAMS1 /IRR+ CALLS TO ACTION1 & A NUMB] ( POEMS4 ,%E FLITS FROM ONE IDEA TO ANO!R 0AS !Y COME TO M9D40 ,OCCASIONALLY %E SEEMS AW>E ( ! PROBLEMS %E MI<T BE CAUS+ ! READ]4 0,BE=E SPEAK6 + AB\T MY ?IRD >RE/10 %E WRITES 9 ! ORIG9AL TEXT1 0,I \<T TO RELATE ! FIR/ TWO40 ,! MEMOIRS OSCILLATE WILDLY AMONG NO/ALGIA1 EXALTATION1 N>RATIVE1 & PROPHECY4 

,AS A CONSEQU5CE1 ! ORIG9AL MEMOIRS >E MO/ DIFFICULT TO FOLL[1 & WE1 AS TRANSLATORS1 DECID$ ?AT A DIRECT R5D]+ 9TO ,5GLI% W\LD BE 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO MOD]N READ]S4 ,!RE=E1 WE TRANSLAT$ ! ORIG9AL TEXT COMPLETELY1 & !N TRANSPOS$ ,MI*EL'S WORDS 9TO A *RONOLOGICAL N>RATIVE ( H] LIFE1 BE+ C>EFUL TO /AY AS TRUE AS POSSIBLE TO ! ?\<T & TONE ( ! ORIG9AL4 

,V]Y LITTLE MAT]IAL HAS BE5 ELIM9AT$4 ,FREQU5TLY1 !RE W]E SEV]AL V]SIONS ( ONE EV5T1 AGREE+ ) EA* O!R 9 BROAD \TL9E ALWAYS1 :I* IS UNUSUAL1 BUT EA* ADD+ NEW DETAILS4 ,?OSE V]SIONS W]E COMB9$ TO MAKE ONE ACC\NT4 ,SEV]AL POEMS W]E OMITT$ BECAUSE !Y ADD$ NO?+ TO ! N>RATIVE2 FUR!RMORE1 ,MI*EL'S POETRY IS M$IOCRE--,$I? ,?OMAS NOT$ ?AT ,MI*EL'S 0BE/ POEM IS SURELY H] LIFE0--& ?OSE POEMS ?AT W]E RETA9$ W]E KEPT TO ADD 9=MATION OR COLOR TO ! TEXT4 ,P>TS ( H] LONG CATALOG ( ! FLORA & FAUNA ( ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA HAVE ALSO BE5 EXCIS$2 IT IS FREQU5TLY IMPOSSIBLE TO TELL FROM H] NONSCI5TIFIC DESCRIPTIONS :I* ( SEV]AL SPECIES %E WAS WRIT+ AB\T4 ,A DIGRESSION AB\T A LIT]>Y LAWSUIT BR\<T BY ,GRIPPA DE ,W9T]1 9 :I* ,MI*EL WAS NOT 9VOLV$1 WAS ALSO OMITT$4 

,9 ! ORIG9AL TEXT ALMO/ EV]Y *APT] 5DS ) A PEAN TO ! COM+ ,REVOLUTION4 ,R$UC+ ! NUMB] ( *APT]S FROM ?IRTY-?REE 7PLUS ?REE APP5DICES7 TO TW5TY-F\R LEFT SEV]AL EXTRA PEANS1 & 9 ANY EV5T1 IT SEEM$ A BIT MONOTON\S TO FOLL[ ,MI*EL'S EXAMPLE1 SO !Y HAVE BE5 9CLUD$ ONLY :]E !Y SEEM$ MO/ APPROPRIATE4 ,MOREOV]1 %E FREQU5TLY 9S]TS P>5!TICAL EXCLAMATIONS ( GRIEF AT H] MO!R'S DEA?2 !IR NUMB] HAS BE5 R$UC$1 AL?\< 5\< ( !M HAVE BE5 RETA9$ TO REM9D ! READ] ( ! EMOTIONAL /RA9 UND] :I* ,MI*EL WAS WRIT+4 

,9 SUMM>Y1 ! WORDS ( !SE TRANSLAT$ MEMOIRS >E ,L\ISE ,MI*EL'S2 ! ORGANIZATION ( ?OSE WORDS IS \RS4 ,! LOSS ( ! ORIG9AL TEXTURE & ! FEEL+ = H[ IDEAS W]E ASSOCIAT$ ) EA* O!R 9 ,MI*EL'S M9D IS COMP5SAT$ =1 WE BELIEVE1 BY HAV+ AN ORD]LY MEMOIR ( H] LIFE TO #a#h#h#f4 

,WE HAVE ADD$ ALMO/ NO?+ TO ! N>RATIVE4 ,9 SOME PLACES :]E IT WAS POSSIBLE TO E/ABLI% DEF9ITELY ! ID5TITY ( SOME P]SON M5TION$1 WE HAVE ADD$ A PHRASE ID5TIFY+ HIM1 BECAUSE P]SONS :O W]E FAMILI> TO ,MI*EL'S READ]S 9 #ahhf >E N[ (T5 OBSCURE4 ,WE HAVE OCCASIONALLY ADD$ DATES E/ABLI%$ FROM DOCUM5TS LIKE ! RECORDS ( ! PRISON %IP ?AT C>RI$ ,MI*EL TO ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA4 ,ON MATT]S :I* %E C\LD NOT *ECK 9 PRISON1 WE FELT ACCURACY S]V$ ! READ]4 ,:]E %E IS 9ACCURATE & WE W]E UNC]TA9 :E!R ?AT 9ACCURACY WAS DELIB]ATE1 WE LEFT ! MAT]IAL AS IT WAS WRITT51 NOT+ MAJOR PROBLEMS 9 ITALICIZ$ 9T]POLATIONS4 

,MI*EL CLE>LY 9T5D$ TO WRITE A CONT9UATION ( !SE MEMOIRS4 ,A DECADE AFT] %E PUBLI%$ ?IS VOLUME %E TALK$ AB\T DO+ SO1 BUT NO?+ CAME ( IT4 ,SO1 O!R ?AN H] POETRY & LETT]S1 ! VOLUME H]E1 ! ,MEMOIRES DE ,L\ISE ,MI*EL ECRITS P> ELLE-MEME1 IS ! MA9 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL (F]+ ( A FASC9AT+ WOMAN1 REVOLUTION>Y1 POET1 & DREAM]4 

,:5 %E PUBLI%$ !SE MEMOIRS 9 #ahhf %E WAS FIFTY-SIX YE>S OLD & /ILL HAD N9ETE5 YE>S TO LIVE1 ONE-?IRD ( H] ADULT LIFE4 ,IT IS A PITY %E NEV] WROTE ! SECOND VOLUME %E SPOKE (1 BUT ! MEMOIRS ?AT %E DID WRITE /& AS A MONUM5T TO HUMAN DREAMS4 ,MOTIVAT$ BY COMPASSION1 NOT DOCTR9E1 ,MI*EL TE/IFI$ 9 H] MEMOIRS & BY H] LIFE ?AT AN UNATTRACTIVE1 ILLEGITIMATE *ILD FROM ! FR+E ( NO:]E C\LD SO LOVE FRE$OM ?AT %E WAS READY TO SACRIFICE H] [N4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 WORSE LIVES4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bba 3 ,TRANSLATORS' ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,TRANSLATORS' ,9TRODUCTION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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