,! ,RELEVANCE ( ,AN>*Y TO ,MOD]N ,SOCIETY #aigg ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,SAM ,DOLG(F ,TAGS 3 LOCAL REGIONAL NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL1 COMPLEXITY ( SOCIAL LIFE1 RELEVANCE ( AN>*ISM1 POLITICAL & ECONOMIC1 GOODS & S]VICES1 SOIL ( LIB]TY1 =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 DEC5TRALIZATION & AUTONOMY1 SPANI% CIVIL W>1 DIFFUSION ( P[]4 ,TEXT 3 ,PHOTO BY ONLY ALICE1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,?IS PAMPHLET IS ! SECOND PR9T+ ( AN EXP&$ V]SION ( AN >TICLE ?AT APPE>$ 9 A #aig ISSUE ( 0,LIB]T>IAN ,ANALYSIS04 ,IT IS ! FIR/ PAMPHLET PUBLI%$ BY 0,SOIL ( ,LIB]TY04 ,A SECOND PAMPHLET1 0,A ,CRITIQUE ( ,M>XISM01 ALSO BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F1 IS ALSO AVAILABLE 7@s4#e#e74 ,BULK RATES >E AVAILABLE = BO?4 ,SAM HAS BE5 ACTIVE 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T S9CE ! #a#i#bS & IS A RE- TIR$ H\SE PA9T] LIV+ 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4 0,SOIL ( ,LIB]TY0 (F]S A LIT]ATURE S]VICE ?R\< ! MAGAZ9E & A P>TIAL LI/+ IS AVAILABLE4 ,MAGAZ9E SUBSCRIPTIONS >E @s#c - @s#d P] YE>4 ,SOIL ( ,LIB]TY ,P,O,B #gef ,P[D]HORN ,/ATION ,M9NEAPOLIS1 ,M,N #e$g ,FIR/ ,PR9T+ - ,AUGU/ #aigg ,SECOND ,PR9T+ - ,SEPTEMB] #aigi ,N,O,T,E3 ,A,B,O,V,E ,L,I,/,$ ,P,R,I,C,E,S ,>,E ,A,T ,L,E,A,/ #i ,Y,E,>,S ,O,L,D1 ,S,O ,A,S,S,U,M,E ,?,A,T ,!,Y ,>,E ,N,[ ,H,I,<,]4 ,B\RGEOIS ,NEO-,AN>*ISM ,MEAN+FUL DISCUSSION AB\T ! RELEVANCE ( AN>*I/ IDEAS TO MOD]N 9DU/RIALIZ$ SOCIETIES MU/ FIR/1 = ! SAKE ( CL>ITY1 \TL9E ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 TODAY'S 0NEO-AN>*ISM0 & ! CLASSICAL AN>*ISM ( ,PR\DHON1 ,KROPOTK91 ,MALATE/A & !IR SUCCESSORS4 ,) R>E EXCEPTIONS ONE IS /UCK BY ! M$IOCRE & SUP]FICIAL *>ACT] ( ! IDEAS ADVANC$ BY MOD]N WRIT]S ON AN>*ISM4 ,9/EAD ( PRES5T+ FRE% 9SI*I/ MOVEM5T HAD LONG S9CE \TGR[N & REJECT$ AS TOTALLY IRRELEVANT TO ! PROBLEMS ( \R 9CREAS+LY COMPLEX SOCIETY4 ,MANY ( ! IDEAS :I* ! NOT$ AN>*I/ WRIT] ,LUIGI ,FABBRI A HALF C5TURY AGO LABEL$ 0,B\RGEOIS ,9FLU5CE 9 ,AN>*ISM0 >E AGA9 9 CIRCULATION4 .<#a.> ,= EXAMPLE1 !RE IS ,K+SLEY ,WIDM]'S >TICLE1 0,AN>*ISM ,REVIV$ -- ,RI\ND40 ,LIKE SIMIL> B\RGEOIS MOVEM5TS 9 ! PA/1 ,WIDM] CORRECTLY PO9TS \T ?AT3 0444,AN>*ISM'S CONTEMPOR>Y REVIVAL444MO/LY COMES FROM ! DISSID5T MIDDLE CLASS 9TELLECTUALS1 /UD5TS & O!R M>G9AL GR\PS :O BASE !MSELVES ON 9DIVIDUALI/1 UTOPIAN & O!R NON-WORK+ CLASS ASPECTS ( AN>*ISM4440 .<#b.> ,O!R TYPICAL B\RGEOIS AN>*I/ *>ACT]I/ICS >E3 ,E,S,C,A,P,I,S,M - ! HOPE ?AT ! E/ABLI%M5T WILL BE GRADUALLY UND]M9$ IF 5\< PEOPLE 'COP-\T' ( ! SY/EM & 0LIVE LIKE AN>*I/S 9 COMMUNES & O!R LIFE-/YLE 9/ITUTIONS4440 ,N,E,*,A,Y,E,V,I,S,M - ROMANTIC GLORIFICATION ( CONSPIRACY1 RU?LESSNESS1 & VIOL5CE 9 ! AMORAL TRADITION ( ,NE*AYEV4 ,B,O,H,E,M,I,A,N,I,S,M - TOTAL IRRESPONSIBILITY2 EXCLUSIVE PREOCCUPATION ) ONE'S PICTURESQUE 'LIFE-/YLE'2 EXHIBITIONISM2 REJECTION ( ANY =M ( ORGANIZATION OR SELF-DISCIPL9E4 ,A,N,T,I-,S,O,C,I,A,L ,9,D,I,V,I,D,U,A,L,I,S,M - ! URGE TO 0IDEALIZE0 ! MO/ ANTI-SOCIAL =MS ( 9DIVIDUAL =MS ( 9DIVIDUAL REBELLION40 7,LUIGI ,FABBRI7 04449TOL]ANCE ( OPPRESSION .1 ! DESIRE TO BE FREE & DEVELOP ONE P]SONALITY TO ITS FULL LIMITS1 IS NOT 5\< TO MAKE ONE AN AN>*I/4 ,?AT ASPIRATION T[>DS UNLIMIT$ FRE$OM1 IF NOT TEMP]$ BY A LOVE = MANK9D & BY ! DESIRE ?AT ALL %\LD 5JOY EQUAL FREE- DOM1 MAY WELL CREATE REBELS :O444SOON BECOME EXPLOIT]S & TYRANTS4440 .<#c.> ,/ILL O!R NEO-AN>*I/ >E OBSESS$ ) 0ACTION = ! SAKE ( ACTION40 ,ONE ( ! =EMO/ HI/ORIANS ( ,ITALIAN AN>*ISM1 ,PI] ,C>LO ,MAS9I1 NOTES ?AT = !M 'SPONTANEITY' IS ! PANACEA ?AT WILL AUTOMATICALLY SOLVE ALL PROBLEMS4 ,NO !ORETICAL OR PRACTICAL PREP>ATION IS NE$$4 ,9 ! 'REVOLUTION' ?AT IS 'JU/ >\ND ! CORN]' ! FUNDAM5TAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 LIB]T>IANS & \R MORTAL 5EMIES1 AU?ORIT>IAN GR\PS LIKE ! ,M>XI/-,LE9I/S1 WILL MIRACUL\SLY VANI%4 0,P>ADOXICALLY 5\< .1 ! REALLY MOD]N AN>*I/S >E ?OSE ) :ITE HAIR1 ?OSE :O GUID$ BY ! TEA*+S ( ,BAKUN9 & ,MALATE/A1 :O 9 ,ITALY & 9 ,SPA9 7AS WELL AS 9 ,RUSSIA7 HAD LE>N$ FROM BITT] P]SONAL P>TICIPATION H[ S]I\S MATT] A REVOLUTION CAN BE444.<#d.> ,IT IS NOT \R 9T5TION TO BELITTLE ! MANY F9E ?+S ! S*OL>S DO SAY1 NOR TO D[NGRADE ! MAGNIFIC5T /RUGGLES ( \R Y\NG REBELS AGA9/ WAS1 RACISM & ! FALSE VALUES ( ?AT VA/ CRIME 0,! ,E/ABLI%M5T0 -- /RUGGLES :I* SP>K$ ! REVIVAL ( ! LONG DORMANT RADICAL MOVEM5T4 ,BUT !Y /RESS ! NEGATIVE ASPECTS & IGNORE OR MIS9T]PRET ! CON/RUCTIVE PR9CIPLES ( AN>*ISM4 ,BAKUN9 & ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/S ALWAYS EMPHASIZ$ ! NECESSITY = CON/RUCTIVE ?9K+ & ACTION ,! #ahdh REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 0WAS RI* 9 9/9CTS & NEGATIVE !ORETICAL IDEAS :I* GAVE IT FULL JU/IFICATION = ITS FI ,LACK+ SU* SOLID F\NDATIONS1 SU* MOVEM5TS MU/ EV5TUALLY DIS9TEGRATE4 ,DI/ORT+ ,AN>*I/ ,IDEAS ,SOME WORKS ON AN>*ISM1 LIKE ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK'S 0,AN>*ISM0 & ! TWO BOOKS BY ,HOR[ITZ & ,JOLL BO? TITL$ 0,! ,AN>*I/S0 -- P]PETUATE ! MY? ?AT ! AN>*I/ >E LIV+ ANTIQUES1 VISION>IES YE>N+ TO RETURN TO AN IDYLLIC PA/4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,WOODCOCK1 0444! HI/ORICAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ?AT SPRANG FROM ,BAKUN9 & HIS FOLL[]S IS DEAD4440 ,! C>D9AL PR9CIPLES ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM3 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DEC5TRALIZATION ( P[]1 9DIVIDUAL & LOCAL AUTONOMY1 SELF-MANAGEM5T ( 9DU/RY 7'WORK]S CONTROL'7 & F$]ALISM >E OBSOLETE =MS ( ORGANIZATION 7RUNN+ C\NT]7 TO ! WORLD-WIDE TR5D T[>D POLITICAL & ECONOMIC C5TRALIZATION4444,! REAL SOCIAL REVOLU- TION ( ! MOD]N AGE IS 9 FACT ! PROCESS ( C5TRALIZATION T[>D :I* EV]Y DEVELOPM5T ( SCI5TIFIC & TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS HAS CON- TRIBUT$444 4! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T FAIL$ TO PRES5T AN ALT]NATIVE TO ! /ATE OR ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 .<#f.> ,IT IS H>D TO UND]/& H[ S*OL>S EV5 SLIIAN LIT]ATURE ON SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION COME TO SU* ABSURD CONCLUSIONS66 ,A NOTABLE EXCEPTION IS ! ,FR5* SOCIOLOGI/-HI/ORIAN ,DANIEL ,GU]9 :OSE EXCELL5T LITTLE BOOK 0,L'AN>*ISME0 HAS BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% ) AN 9TRODUCTION BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 7,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS1 ,N4,Y474 ,GU]9 CONC5TRATES ON ! CON/RUCTIVE ASPECTS ( AN>*ISM4 ,:ILE NOT )- \T ITS FAULTS 7HE UND]E/IMATES ! IMPORTANCE ( ,KROPOTK9'S IDEAS & EXAG]ATES ,/IRN]'S71 IT IS /ILL ! BE/ %ORT 9TRODUCTION TO ! SUBJECT4 ,GU]9 EFFECTIVELY REFUTES ! >GUM5TS ( REC5T HI/ORIANS1 P>TICUL>LY ,JEAN ,MAITRON1 ,WOODCOCK & ,JOLL CONCLUD+ ?AT !IR IMAGE ( AN>*ISM IS NOT TRUE4 ,CON/RUCTIVE AN>*ISM :I* F\ND ITS MO/ ACCOMPLI%$ EXPRESSION 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,BAKUN91 RELIES ON ORGANIZATION1 ON SELF-DISCIPL9E1 CO9TEGRATION1 ON A C5TRALIZATION :I* IS NOT CO]CIVE1 BUT F$]ALI/4 ,IT RELATES TO L>GE SCALE 9DU/RY1 TO MOD]N TE*NOLOGY1 TO ! MOD]N PROLET>IAT1 TO G5U9E 9T]NATIONALISM444 ,9 ! MOD]N WORLD ! MAT]IAL1 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL 9T]E/S HAVE CREAT$ BETWE5 ALL P>TS ( A NATION & EV5 DIFF]5T NATIONS1 A REAL & SOLID UNITY1 & ?IS UNITY WILL SURVIVE ALL /ATES444.<#g.> ,TO ASSESS ! EXT5T TO :I* CLASSICAL AN>*ISM IS APPLICABLE TO MOD]N SOCIETIES IT IS FIR/ NECESS>Y TO SUMM>IZE BRIEFLY ITS LEAD+ CON/RUCTIVE T5ETS4 ,COMPLEX ,SOCIETIES ,NECESSITIATE ,AN>*ISM ,IT IS A FALLACY TO ASSUME ?AT AN>*I/S IGNORE ! COMPLEXITY ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS REJECT$ ! K9D ( 0SIMPLICITY0 :I* CAM\FLAGES REGIM5TATION 9 FAVOR ( ! NATURAL COMPLEXITY :I* REFLECTS ! MANY FACET$ RI*NESS & DIV]SITY ( SOCIAL & 9DIVIDUAL LIFE4 ,! CYB]NETIC MA!MATICIAN ,JOHN ,B4 ,MC,EWAN1 WRIT+ ON ! RELEVANCE ( AN>*ISM TO CYB]NETICS EXPLA9S3 ,LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S1 SYNONYM = NON-9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*ISM1 ESPECIALLY ,KROPOTK9 & ,L&AU]1 %[$ AN E>LY GRASP ( ! COMPLEX NETWORK ( *ANG+ RELATION%IPS1 9VOLV+ MANY /RUCTURES ( CORRELAT$ ACTIVITY & MUTUAL AID1 9DEP5D5T ( AU?ORIT>IAN CO]CION4 ,IT WAS AGA9/ ?IS BACKGR\ND ?AT !Y DEVELOP$ !IR !ORIES ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4444.<#h.> ,ONE ( ,PR\DHON'S GREATE/ CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN>*I/ !ORY & SOCIALISM 9 G5]AL WAS ! IDEA ?AT ! V]Y COMPLEXITY ( SOCIAL LIFE DEM&$ ! DEC5TRALIZATION & AUTONOMY ( COMMUNITIES4 ,PR\DHON MA9TA9$ ?AT 0444 ?R\< ! COMPLEXITY ( 9T]E/S & ! PROGRESS ( IDEAS1 SOCIETY IS =C$ TO ABJURE ! /ATE444B5EA? ! APP>ATUS ( GOV]NM5T1 UND] ! %AD[ ( ITS POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 SOCIETY WAS SL[LY & SIL5TLY PRODUC+ ITS ORGANIZATION1 MAKE = ITSELF A NEW ORD] :I* EXPRESS$ ITS VITALITY & AUTONOMY4440 .<#i.> ,LIKE HIS PR$ECESSORS1 ,PR\DHON & ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK9 ELABORAT$ ! IDEA ?AT ! V]Y COMPLEXITY ( SOCIAL LIFE DEM&$ ! DEC5TRALIZATION & SELF-MANAGEM5T ( 9DU/RY BY ! WORK]S4 ,FROM HIS /UDIES ( ECONOMIC LIFE 9 ,5GL& & ,SCOTL& HE CONCLUD$ ?AT3 444PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE REPRES5T$ AN UND]TAK+ SO COMPLICAT$ ?AT NO GOV]NM5T 7)\T E/ABLI%+ A CUMB]SOME1 9EFFICI5T1 BUREAUCRATIC DICTATOR%IP7 W\LD BE ABLE TO ORGANIZE PRODUCTION IF ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 ?R\< !IR UNIONS1 DID NOT DO IT 9 EA* BRAN* ( 9DU/RY2 =1 9 ALL PRODUCTION !RE >ISES DAILY ?\S&S ( DIFFICULTIES ?AT444NO GOV]NM5T CAN HOPE TO =ESEE4444 ,ONLY ! EF=TS ( ?\S&S ( 9TELLIG5CES WORK+ ON PROBLEMS CAN COOP]ATE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! NEW SOCIAL SY/EM & F9D SOLUTIONS = ! ?\- S&S ( LOCAL NE$S4444.<#a.> ,DEC5TRALIZATION & AUTONOMY DOES NOT MEAN ! BREAKUP ( SOCIETY 9TO SMALL1 ISOLAT$1 ECONOMICALLY SELF-SUFFICI5T GR\PS1 :I* IS NEI!R POSSIBLE NOR DESIRABLE4 ,! ,SPANI% AN>*I/1 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 ,M9I/RY ( ! ,ECONOMY 9 ,CATALONIA 9 ! E>LY P]IOD ( ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> 7,DEC4 #a#i#c#f71 REM9D$ SOME ( HIS COMRADES3 4444,ONCE & = ALL WE MU/ REALIZE ?AT WE >E NO LONG]4449 A LITTLE UTOPIAN WORLD4441 WE CANNOT REALIZE \R ECONOMIC REVOLUTION 9 A LOCAL S5SE2 = ECONOMY ON A LOCALI/ BASIS CAN ONLY CAUSE COLLECTIVE PRIVATION4441 ECONOMY IS TODAY A VA/ ORGANISM & ALL ISOLATION MU/ PROVE DETRIM5TAL444,WE MU/ WORK ) A SOCIAL CRIT]ION1 CONSID]+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! :OLE C\NTRY & IF POSSIBLE ! :OLE WORLD4440.<#a#a.> ,A BALANCE MU/ BE A*IEV$ BETWE5 ! SUFFOCAT+ TYRANNY ( UNBRIDL$ AU?ORITY & ! K9D ( 0AUTONOMY0 ?AT LEADS TO PETTY LOCAL PATRIOTISM1 SEP>ATION ( LITTLE GR\PLETS1 & ! FRAGM5TATION ( SOCIETY4 ,LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION MU/ REFLECT ! COMPLEXITY ( SOCIETAL RELATION%IPS & PROMOTE SOLID>ITY ON ! WIDE/ POSSIBLE SCALE4 ,IT CAN BE DEF9$ AS F$]ALISM3 COORD9ATION ?R\< FREE AGREEM5T -- LOCALLY1 REGIONALLY1 NATIONALLY & 9T]NATIONALLY4 ,A VA/ COORD9AT$ NETWORK ( VOLUNT>Y ALLIANCES EMBRAC+ ! TOTALITY ( SOCIAL LIFE1 9 :I* ALL ! GR\PS & ASSOCIATIONS REAP ! B5EFITS ( UNITY :ILE /ILL EX]CIS+ AUTONOMY )9 !IR [N SPH]ES & EXP&+ ! RANGE ( !IR FRE$OM4 ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES >E NOT SEP>ATE 5TITIES4 ,AUTONOMY IS IMPOSSIBLE )\T DEC5TRALIZATION1 & DEC5TRALIZATION IS IMPOSSIBLE )\T F$]ALISM4 ,! 9CREAS+ COMPLEXITY ( SOCIETY IS MAK+ AN>*ISM ,M,O,R,E & ,N,O,T ,L,E,S,S RELEVANT TO MOD]N LIFE4 ,IT IS PRECISELY ?IS COMPLEXITY & DIV]SITY1 ABOVE ALL !IR OV]RID+ CONC]N = FRE$OM & HUMAN VALUES ?AT L$ ! AN>*I/ ?9K]S TO BASE !IR IDEAS ON ! PR9CIPLES ( DIFFUSION ( P[]1 SELF-MANAGEM5T & F$]ALISM4 ,! GREATE/ ATTRIBUTE ( ! FREE SOCIETY IS ?AT IT IS SELF-REGULAT+ & 0BE>S )9 ITSELF ! SE$S ( ITS [N RE- G5]ATION0 7,BUB]7 ,! SELF-GOV]N+ ASSOCIATIONS WILL BE FLEXIBLE 5\< TO ADJU/ !IR DIFF]5CES1 CORRECT & LE>N FROM !IR MI/AKES1 EXP]IM5T ) NEW1 CREATIVE =MS ( SOCIAL LIV+ & !REBY A*IEVE G5U9E H>MONY ON A HI<] HUMANI/IC PLANE4 ,]RORS & CONFLICTS CONF9$ TO ! LIMIT$ JURISDICTION ( SPECIAL PURPOSE GR\PS1 MAY DO LIMIT$ DAMAGE4 ,BUT MISCALCULATIONS & CRIM9AL DECISIONS MADE BY ! /ATE & O!R AUTOCRATICALLY C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATIONS AFFECT+ :OLE NATIONS1 & EV5 ! :OLE WORLD1 CAN HAVE ! MO/ DISA/R\S CONSEQU5CES4 ,SOCIETY )\T ORD] 7AS ! WORD 0SOCIETY0 IMPLIES7 IS 9CONCEIVABLE4 ,BUT ! ORGANIZATION ( ORD] IS NOT ! EXCLUSIVE MONOPOLY ( ! ,/ATE4 ,=1 IF ! ,/ATE AU?ORITY IS ! SOLE GU>ANTEE ( ORD]1 :O WILL WAT* ! WAT*- M58 ,F$]ALISM IS ALSO A =M ( ORD]1 :I* PREC$$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,/ATE4 ,BUT IT IS ORD] :I* GU>ANTEES ! FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE ( ! 9DIVIDUALS & ASSOCIATIONS :O FREELY & SPONTANE\SLY CON/ITUTE ! F$]ATIONS4 ,F$]ALISM IS NOT LIKE ! ,/ATE1 BORN ( ! WILL TO P[]1 BUT IS RECOGNITION ( ! 9ELUCTABLE 9T]DEP5D5CE ( MANK9D4 ,F$]ALISM SPR+S FROM ! WILL TO H>MONY & SOLID>ITY4 ,MOD]N ,9DU/RY ,BETT] ,ORGANIZ$ ,AN>*I/ICALLY ,B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S1 SOCIOLOGI/S & ADM9I/RATORS LIKE ,PET] ,DRUCK]1 ,GUNN> ,MYRDAL1 ,JOHN ,K5NE? ,GALBRAI?1 ,DANIEL ,BELL1 ETC41 N[ FAVOR A L>GE MEASURE ( DEC5TRALIZATION NOT BECAUSE !Y SUDD5LY BECAME AN>*I/S1 BUT PRIM>ILY BECAUSE TE*NOLOGY HAS R5D]$ AN>*I/IC =MS ( ORGANIZATION 0OP]ATIONAL NECESSITIES04 ,BUT ! B\RGEOIS RE=M]S HAVE YET TO LE>N ?AT AS LONG AS !SE ORGANIZATIONAL =MS >E TI$ TO /ATE OR CAPITALISM1 :I* CONNOTES ! MONOPOLY ( POLITICAL & ECONOMIC P[]1 DEC5TRALIZATION WILL REMA9 A FRAUD -- A MORE EFFICI5T DEVICE TO 5LI/ ! COOP]ATION ( ! MASSES 9 !IR [N 5SLAVEM5T4 ,TO ILLU/RATE H[ !IR IDEAS 9ADV]T5TLY DEMON/RATE ! PRACTICALITY ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION & H[ !Y CONTRADICT !MSELVES1 WE CITE ! 0FREE 5T]PRIS]0 ,DRUCK] & ! 0WELF>E /ATI/0 ,MYRDAL4 ,9 ! *APT] TITL$ 0,! ,SICKNESS ( ,GOV]NM5T01 ,DRUCK] WRITES3 444,DIS5*ANTM5T ) GOV]NM5T CUTS ACROSS NATIONAL B\ND>IES & IDEOLOGICAL L9ES444GOV]NM5T ITSELF HAS BECOME ONE ( ! VE/$ 9T]E/S444! MOM5T GOV]NM5T UND]TAKES ANY?+ IT BECOMES 5TR5*$ & P]MAN5T444! UNPRODUCTIVE BECOMES BUILT 9TO ! POLITICAL PROCESS ITSELF444SOCIAL !ORY TO BE MEAN+FUL AT ALL1 MU/ />T ) ! REALITY ( PLURALISM ( 9/ITUTIONS1 A GALAXY ( SUNS RA!R ?AN ONE BIG C5T] SURR\ND$ BY MOONS ?AT %9E ONLY BY REFLECT$ LIE NECESS>Y BO? TO MAKE ! ORGANIZATION P]=M & TO SAFEGU>D ! 9DIVIDUAL'S FRE$OM4444.<#a#b.> ,AFT] DEMON/RAT+ ! 'MON/ROSITY ( GOV]NM5T1 ITS LACK ( P]=MANCE & ITS IMPOT5CE1' ,DRUCK] FLATLY CONTRADICTS HIMSELF & COMES TO ! SURPRIS+ CONCLUSION ?AT 0NEV] HAS /RONG1 EFFECTIVE GOV]NM5T BE5 NE$$ MORE ?AN 9 ?IS DANG]\S W\LD444NEV] MORE ?AN 9 ?IS PLURALI/ SOCIETY ( ORGANIZATIONS40 ,MYDAL CONV9C+LY DEMON/RATES ?AT BO? ! ,SOVIET & ! 0FREE WORLD /ATES0 NE$ DEC5TRALIZATION = ADM9I/RATIVE EFFICI5CY 9 ORD] ?AT 7POLITICAL & ECONOMIC LIFE7 %ALL NOT SUCCUMB TO ! RIGIDITY ( ! C5TRAL APP>ATUS4 ,BUT !N HE EXPECTS ! PAT]NALI/IC WELF>E /ATE TO LOOS5 0ITS CONTROLS OV] EV]YDAY LIFE0 & GRADUALLY TRANSF] MO/ ( ITS P[]S TO 0ALL SORTS ( ORGANIZATIONS & COMMUNITIES CONTROLL$ BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES4440 ,NO AN>*I/ C\LD REFUTE ,MYRDAL'S >GUM5T BETT] ?AN HE DOES HIMSELF3 444TO GIVE UP AUTOCRATIC PATT]NS1 TO GIVE UP ADM9I/RATIVE CONTROLS & 444)DRAW WILL+LY FROM 9T]V5+ :5 IT IS NO LONG] NECESS>Y1 >E /EPS :I* DO NOT CORRESPOND TO ! 9N] WORK+S ( A FUNCTION+ BUREAUCRACY444.<#a#c.> ,IF !SE ADVOCATES ( DEC5TRALIZATION & AUTONOMY W]E CONSI/5T1 !Y W\LD REALIZE ?AT ! DIFFUSION ( P[] LEADS TO AN>*ISM4 0,=M+ ! ,NEW ,SOCIETY ,)9 ! ,%ELL ( ! ,OLD0 7PREAMBLE ( ! ,I4,W4,W47 ,! AN>*I/ HAVE ALWAYS OPPOS$ ! ,JACOB9S1 ,BLANQUI/S1 ,BOL%EVIKS & O!R W\LD-BE DICTATORS1 :O W\LD 9 ,PR\DHON'S WORDS 0444RECON/RUCT SOCIETY UPON AN IMAG9>Y PLAN1 MU* LIKE ! A/RONOM]S :O = RESPECT = !IR CALCULATIONS W\LD MAKE OV] ! SY/EM ( ! UNIV]SE4440.<#a#d.> ,! AN>*I/ !ORETICIANS LIMIT$ !MSELVES TO SUGGE/ ! UTILIZATION ( ALL ! USEFUL ORGANISMS 9 ! OLD SOCIETY 9 ORD] TO RECON/RUCT ! NEW4 ,!Y 5VISION$ ! G5]ALIZATION ( PRACTICES & T5D5CIES :I* >E ALREADY 9 EFFECT4 ,! V]Y FACT ?AT AUTONOMY1 DEC5TRALIZATION & F$]AL- ISM >E MORE PRACTICAL ALT]NATIVES TO C5TRALISM & /ATISM ALREADY PRESUPPOSES ?AT !SE VA/ ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS N[ P]=M+ ! FUNCTIONS ( SOCIETY >E PREP>$ TO REPLACE ! OLD BANKRUPT HYP]-C5TRALIZ$ ADM9I/RATIONS4 ,?AT ! 0ELEM5TS ( ! NEW SOCIETY >E ALREADY DEVELOP+ 9 ! COLLAPS+ B\RGEOIS SOCIETY0 7,M>X7 IS A FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE %>$ BY ALL T5D5CIES 9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,SOCIETY IS A VA/ 9T]LOCK+ NETWORK ( COOP]ATIVE LABOR & ALL ! DEEPLY ROOT$ 9/ITUTIONS N[ FUNCTION+1 WILL 9 SOME =M CONT9UE TO FUNCTION = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( MAK+ DEP5DS UPON ?IS 9N] COHESION4 ,?IS HAS NEV] BE5 QUE/ION$ BY ANYONE4 ,:AT IS NE$$ IS EMANCIPATION FROM AU?ORIT>IAN 9/ITUTIONS ,O,V,] SOCIETY & AU?ORIT>IANISM ,),9 ! ORGANIZATION !MSELVES4 ,ABOVE ALL1 !Y MU/ BE 9FUS$ ) REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT & CONFID5CE 9 ! CREATIVE CAPACITIES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,KROPOTK9 9 WORK+ \T ! SOCIOLOGY ( AN>*ISM1 HAS OP5$ AN AV5UE ( FRUITFUL RESE>* :I* HAS BE5 L>GELY NEGLECT$ BY SOCIAL SCI5TI/S BUSILY 5GAG$ 9 MAPP+ \T NEW >EA = /ATE CONTROL4 ,KROPOTK9 BAS$ HIMSELF ON ! ESS5TIAL PR9CIPLE ( ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNISM ---ABOLITION ( ! WAGE SY/EM & DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS & S]VICES ON ! PR9CIPLE1 0,FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO HOS ABILITY & TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S40 ,HE 5VISAG$ ! /RUCTURE ( AN ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNI/ SOCIETY AS FOLL[S3 ,! ,AN>*I/ WRIT]S CONSID] ?AT !IR CONCEPTIONS 7( ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNISM7 IS NOT A UTOPIA4 ,IT IS D]IV$1 !Y MA9TA91 FROM AN ,A,N,A,L,Y,S,I,S ,( ,T,5,D,5,C,I,E,S ?AT >E AT WORK ALREADY1 EV5 ?\< ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM MAY F9D TEMPOR>Y FAVOR ) ! RE=M]S444! AN>*I/S BUILD !IR PREVISIONS ( ! FUTURE UPON ?OSE DATA :I* >E SUPPLI$ BY ! OBS]VATIONS ( LIFE AT ! PRES5T TIME444! IDEA ( 9DEP5D5T COMMUNES = ! T]RITORIAL ORGANIZATION1 & ( F$]ATIONS ( TRADE UNIONS = ! ORGANIZATIONS ( . 9 ACCORDANCE ) !IR DIFF]5T FUNCTIONS1 GAVE A ,C,O,N,C,R,E,T,E CONCEPTION ( A SOCIETY REG5]AT$ BY A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,!RE REMA9$ ONLY TO ADD TO !SE TWO MODES ( ORGANIZATION A ?IRD1 :I* WE SAW RAPIDLY DEVELOP+ DUR+ ! LA/ FIFTY YE>S44444! ?\S&S UPON ?\S&S ( FREE COMB9ES & SOCIETIES GR[+ UP EV]Y:]E = ! SATISFACTION ( ALL POSSIBLE & IMAG9ABLE NE$S1 ECONOMIC1 SANIT>Y1 & $UCATIONAL2 = MUTUAL PROTECTION1 = ! PROPAG&A ( IDEAS1 = >T1 = AMUSEM5T1 & SO ON444AN 9T]- WOV5 NETWORK1 COMPOS$ ( AN 9F9ITE V>IETY ( GR\PS & F$]ATIONS ( ALL SIZES & DEGREES1 LOCAL1 REGIONAL1 NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL444 7:I*7 SUB/ITUTE !MSELVES = ! ,/ATE & 9 ALL ITS FUNCTIONS444 ,A,L,L ( !M COV]+ EA* O!R1 & ALL ( !M ALWAYS READY TO MEET ! NE$S BY NEW ORGANIZATIONS & ADJU/M5TS4 .<#a#e.> ,KROPOTK9'S F$]ALISM ASPIRES TO ! 0444COMPLETE 9DEP5D5CE ( ! ,COMMUNES1 ! ,F$]ATION ( ,FREE ,COMMUNES & ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION ,9 ,! ,C,O,M,M,U,N,E,S1 ?AT IS1 ,! ,=,M,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,A,S,S,O,C,I,A,T,$ ,P,R,O,D,U,C,T,I,V,E ,G,R,\,P,S ,9 ,! ,P,L,A,C,E ,( ,! ,/,A,T,E ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N444407,M>T9 ,BUB]1 0,PA?WAYS 9 ,UTOPIA07 ,! M9IATURE MUNICIPAL /ATES1 FA%ION$ AFT] ! NATIONAL ,/ATES 9 :I* ELECT$ (FICIALS ( POLITICAL P>TIES -- LAWY]S1 PR(ESSIONALS1 & POLITICIANS BUT ,N,O,T ,! ,W,O,R,K,],S1 CONTROL SOCIAL LIFE WILL ALSO BE ELIM9AT$4 ,= A ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION ?AT DOES NOT REA* LOCAL & EV5 NEILY DEF9$4 ,EA* GR\P ( ! ,COMMUNE WILL NECESS>ILY BE ATTRACT$ TO SIMIL> GR\PS ( O!R ,COMMUNES2 !Y WILL GR\P TOGE!R1 F$]ATE ) EA* O!R1 BY BONDS AT LEA/ AS SOLID AS ?OSE TY+ !M TO !IR FELL[ T[NSM52 7!Y WILL7 CON/ITUTE A ,COMMUNE ( 9T]E/S1 ( :I* MEMB]S WILL BE DISSEM9AT$ ?R\< A ?\S& CITIES & VILLAGES4 ,EA* 9DIVIDUAL WILL F9D SATISFACTION ( HIS NE$S ONLY 9 GR\P+ TOGE!R ) O!R 9DIVIDUALS HAVE ! SAME TA/ES & LIV+ 9 A HUNDR$ O!R ,COMMUNES40 .<#a#f.> ,! FOLL[+ EXC]PT FROM 0,EL ,COMMUNISM ,LIB]T>IO0 GIVES SOME ( ,DR4,ISSAC ,PU5TE'S IDEAS ON ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY4 ,PU5TE1 A M$ICAL DOCTOR1 WAS AN IMPORTANT AN>*I/ ?9K] & ACTIVI/ :O WAS IMPRISON$ & !N MURD]$ BY ! FASCI/S :ILE FIAGOSSA FRONT 9 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 #a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i4 ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM IS ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY )\T ! ,/ATE & )\T CAPITALI/ PROP]TY RELATIONS4 ,TO E/ABLI% ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM IT WILL NOT BE NECESS>Y TO 9V5T >TIFICIAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,! NEW SOCIETY WILL EM]GE FROM ! 0%ELL ( ! OLD04 ,! ELEM5TS ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY >E ALREADY PLANT$ 9 ! EXI/+ ORD]4 ,!Y >E ! SYNDICATE 7UNION7 & ! ,FREE ,COMMUNE 7SOMETIMES CALL$ ! 'FREE MUNICIPALITY'7 :I* >E OLD1 DEEPLY ROOT$1 NON-,/ATI/ POPUL> 9/ITUTIONS SPONTANE\SLY ORGANIZ$ & EMBRAC+ ALL T[NS & VILLAGES 9 URBAN & 9 RURAL >EAS4 ,! ,FREE ,COMMUNE IS IDEALLY SUIT$ TO COPE SUCCESSFULLY ) ! PROBLEMS ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC LIFE 9 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNITIES4 ,)9 ! ,FREE ,COMMUNE !RE IS ALSO ROOM = COOP]ATIVE GR\PS & O!R ASSOCIATIONS1 AS WELL AS 9DIVIDUALS TO MEET !IR [N NE$S4 7PROVID+1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT !Y DO NOT EMPLOY HIR$ LABOR = WAGES40444,! T]MS ',LIB]T>IAN' & ',COMMUNISM' D5OTE ! FUSION ( TWO 9SEP>ABLE CONCEPTS1 ! 9DISP5SABLE PR]EQUISITES = ! ,FREE ,SOCIETY3 ,C,O,L,L,E,C,T,I,V,E ,& ,9,D,I,V,I,D,U,A,L ,L,I,B,],T,Y4 ,WORK]S ,CONTROL ,! AN>*I/'S 9SI/5CE ON WORK]S' CONTROL -- ! IDEA ( SELF-MANAGEM5T ( 9DU/RY BY WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS 09 ACCORDANCE ) !IR DIFF]5T FUNCTIONS01 RE/ ON V]Y SOLID F\NDATIONS4 ,?IS T5D5CY TRACES BACK TO ,ROB]T ,[51 ! FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5S' ,ASSOCIATION1 ! ,GUILD ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,5GL& & ! PRE-,WORLD ,W> ,I SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5TS4 ,) ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ! TR5D T[>DS WORK]S' CONTROL 9 ! =M ( FREE SOVIETS 7C\NCILS7 :I* >OSE SPONTANE\SLY1 WAS F9ALLY SNUFF$ \T ) ! ,KRON/ADT MASSACRE ( #a#i#b#a4 ,! SAME TRAGIC FATE AWAIT$ ! WORK]S' C\NCILS 9 ! ,HUNG>IAN1 ,POLI% & ,EA/ ,G]MAN RIS+ >\ND #a#i#e#f4 _<,TYPI/'S ,NOTE3 ,?IS WAS WRITT5 BE=E ,SOLID>ITY ALSO BR\ ,AMONG ! MANY O!R ATTEMPTS ?AT W]E MADE1 !RE IS ( C\RSE ! CLASSIC EXAMPLE ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#c#f1 ) ! MONUM5TAL CON/RUCTIVE A*IEVEM5TS 9 ! LIB]T>IAN RURAL COLLECTIVES & WORK]S' CONTROL ( URBAN 9DU/RY4 ,! PR$ICTION ( 0,NEWS ,BULLET90 ( ! RE=MI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,UNION ( ,FOOD & ,ALLI$ ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION 7,JULY #a#i#f#d7 ?AT 0444! DEM& ( WORK]S' CONTROL MAY WELL BECOME ! COMMON GR\ND = ADVANC$ SECTORS 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T BO? 0EA/0 & 0WE/04440 IS N[ A FACT4 ,AL?\< ! PURG$ ,BOL%EVIK 0LEFT OPPOSITIONI/01 ,VICTOR ,S]GE1 REF]S TO ! ECONOMIC CRISIS ?AT GRIPP$ ,RUSSIA DUR+ ! E>LY YE>S ( ! REVOLUTION1 HIS REM>KS >E1 9 G5]AL1 /ILL P]T95T & 9CID5TALLY ILLU/RATE ,KROPOTK9'S !ME3 444C]TA9 9DU/RIES C\LD HAVE BE5 REVIV$ .<&.> AN 5ORM\S DEGREE ( RECOV]Y A*IEV$ BY APPEAL+ TO ! 9ITIATIVE ( GR\PS ( PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S1 FREE+ ! /ATE /RANGL$ COOP]ATIVES & 9VIT+ ! V>I\S ASSOCIATIONS TO TAKE OV] MANAGEM5T ( DIFF]5T BRAN*ES ( ECONOMIC ACTIVITY444,I WAS >GU+ = A ,COMMUNISM ( ,ASSOCIATIONS -- 9 CONTRA/ TO ,COMMUNISM ( ! ,/ATE -- ! TOTAL PLAN NOT DICTAT$ ON HI< BY ! ,/ATE1 BUT RESULT+ FROM ! H>MONIZ+ BY CONGRESSES & SPECIAL ASSEMBLIES FROM BEL[4.<#a#g.> ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y1 VET]AN ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ ACTIVI/1 !ORETICIAN1 ONE- TIME ,SECRET>Y ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5S' ,ASSOCIATION & ACTIVELY 9VOLV$ ) ! ,SPANI% ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 WROTE ?AT 444DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> 7#a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i7 ! ,SPANI% WORK]S & PEASANTS W]E E/ABLI%+ :AT C\LD BE LOOSELY CALL$ 0,LIB]T>IAN ,SYNDICALI/ ,SOCIALISM03 A SY/EM )\T EXPLOITATION & 9JU/ICE4 ,9 ?IS TYPE ( LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVI/ ECONOMY1 WAGE SLAV]Y IS REPLAC$ BY ! EQUITABLE & JU/ %>+ ( LABOR4 ,PRIVATE OR ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM 7OR ,/ATE 0,SOCIALISM07 IS REPLAC$ BY WORK]S' FACTORY C\NCIL1 ! UNION1 ! 9DU/RIAL ASSOCIATION ( UNIONS UP TO ! NATIONAL F$]ATION ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONS4 .<#a#h.> ,IT IS ESS5TIALLY A SY/EM ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T AT ALL LEVELS4 0,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION0 ,! AN>*I/ ?9K]S W]E NOT SO NAIVE AS TO EXPECT ! 9/ALLATION ( ! P]FECT SOCIETY COMPOS$ ( P]FECT 9DIVIDUALS :O W\LD MIRACUL\SLY %$ ALL !IR +RA9$ PREJUDICES & OLD HABITS ON ! DAY AFT] ! REVOLUTION4 ,!Y W]E PRIM>ILY CONC]N$ ) ! IMM$IATE PROBLEMS ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION ?AT WILL HAVE TO BE FAC$ 9 ANY C\NTRY -- 9DU/RIALIZ$ OR NOT4 ,!Y >E ISSUES :I* NO S]I\S REVOLUTION>Y HAS ! RI*I/S TRI$ TO WORK \T MEASURES TO MEET ! PRESS+ PROBLEMS MO/ LIKELY TO EM]GE DUR+ :AT ,MALATE/A CALL$ 0! P]IOD ( REORGANIZATION & TRANSITION40 ,WE SUMM>IZE ,MALATE/A'S DISCUSSION ( SOME ( ! MORE IMPORTANT QUE/IONS4 .<#a#i.> ,CRUCIAL PROBLEMS CANNOT BE AVOID$ BY PO/PON+ !M TO ! DI/ANT FUTURE -- P]HAPS A C5TURY OR MORE -- :5 AN>*ISM WILL HAVE BE5 FULLY REALIZ$ & ! MASSES WILL HAVE F9ALLY BECOME CONV9C$ & D$ICAT$ AN>*I/-COMMUNI/S4 ,WE AN>*I/S MU/ HAVE \R [N SOLUTIONS IF WE >E NOT TO BE RELEGAT$ TO ! ROLE ( USELESS & IMPOT5T GRUMBL]S1 :ILE ! MORE REALI/IC & UNSCRUPUL\S AU?ORIT>IANS SEIZE P[]4 ,AN>*Y OR NO AN>*Y1 ! PEOPLE MU/ EAT & BE PROVID$ ) ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE4 ,! CITIES MU/ BE PROVISION$ & VITAL S]VICES CANNOT BE DISRUPT$4 ,EV5 IF POORLY S]V$1 ! PEOPLE 9 !IR [N 9T]E/S W\LD NOT ALL[ US OR ANYONE ELSE TO DISRUPT !SE S]VICES UNLESS & UNTIL !Y >E REORGANIZ$ 9 A BETT] WAY2 & ?IS CANNOT BE A*IEV$ 9 A DAY4 ,! ORGANIZATION ( ! AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ SOCIETY ON A L>GE SCALE CAN ONLY BE A*IEV$ GRADUALLY AS MAT]IAL CONDITIONS P]MIT1 & AS ! MASSES CONV9CE !MSELVES ( ! B5EFITS TO BE GA9$ & AS !Y GRADUALLY BECOME PSY*OLOGICALLY ACCU/OM$ TO RADICAL ALT]ATIONS 9 !IR WAY ( LIFE4 ,S9CE FREE & VOLUNT>Y COMMUNISM 7,MALATE/A'S SYNONYM = AN>*ISM7 CANNOT BE IMPOS$1 ,MALATE/A /RESS$ ! NECESSITY = ! COEXI/5CE ( V>I\S ECONOMIC =MS1 COLLECTIVI/1 MUTUALI/1 9DIVIDUALI/ -- ON ! CONDITION ?AT !RE WILL BE NO EXPLOITATION ( O!RS4 ,MALATE/A WAS CONFID5T ?AT ! CONV9C+ EXAMPLE ( SUCCESSFUL LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVE WILL ATTRACT O!RS 9TO ! ORBIT ( ! COLLECTIVITY444= MY P>T ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT !RE IS 0ONE0 SOLUTION TO ! SOCIAL PROBLEM1 BUT A ?\- S& DIFF]5T & *ANG+ SOLUTIONS1 9 ! SAME WAY AS SOCIAL EXI/5CE IS DIFF]5T 9 TIME & SPACE444.<#b.> 0,PURE ,AN>*ISM ,IS ,A ,FICTION0 ,ASIDE FROM ! 09DIVIDUALI/S0 7A V]Y AMBIGU\S T]M7 NONE ( ! AN>*I/ ?9K]S W]E 0PURE0 AN>*I/S4 ,! TYPICAL 0PURE0 AN>*I/ GR\P+1 EXPLA9S ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK1 0IS ! LOOSE & FLEXIBLE AFF9ITY GR\P0 :I* NE$S NO =MAL ORGANIZATION & C>RIES ON AN>*I/ PROPAG&A ?R\< AN 09VISIBLE NETWORK ( P]SONAL CONTACTS & 9TELLECTUAL 9FLU5CES40 ,WOODCOCK >GUES ?AT 0PURE0 AN>*ISM IS 9COMPATIBLE ) MASS MOVEM5TS LIKE AN>*O-SYNDICALISM BECAUSE !Y NE$ /ABLE ORGANIZATIONS PRECISELY BECAUSE IT MOVES 9 A WORLD ?AT IS ONLY P>TLY GOV]N$ BY AN>*I/ IDEALS444& MAKE COMPROMISES ) DAY-TO- DAY SITUATIONS444.<,IT_> HAS TO MA9TA9 ! ALLEGIANCE ( MASSES ( . :O >E ONLY REMOTELY CONSCI\S ( ! F9AL AIM ( AN>*ISM4 .<#b#a.> ,IF !SE /ATEM5TS >E TRUE1 !N 0PURE0 AN>*ISM IS A PIPE DREAM4 ,FIR/1 BECAUSE !RE WILL NEV] BE A TIME :5 EV]YBODY WILL BE A 0PURE0 AN>*I/1 & HUMANITY WILL =EV] HAVE TO MAKE 0COMPROMISES ) ! DAY-TO-DAY SITUATION40 ,SECOND1 BECAUSE ! 9TRICATE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL OP]ATIONS ( AN 9T]DEP5D5T WORLD CANNOT BE C>RI$ ON )\T !SE 0/ABLE ORGANIZATIONS10 EV5 IF EV]Y 9HABITANT W]E A CONV9C$ AN>*I/1 0PURE0 AN>*ISM W\LD /ILL BE IMPOSSIBLE = TE*NICAL & FUNCTIONAL REASONS ALONE4 ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT AN>*ISM EXCLUDES AFF9ITY GR\PS4 ,AN>*ISM 5VISIONS A FLEXIBLE1 PLURALI/ SOCIETY :]E ALL ! NE$S ( MANK9D W\LD BE SUPPLI$ BY AN 9F9ITE V>IETY ( VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATIONS4 ,! WORLD IS HONEYCOMB$ ) AFF9ITY GR\PS FROM *ESS CLUBS TO AN>*I/ PROPAG&A GR\PS4 ,!Y >E =M$1 DISSOLV$ & RECON/ITUT$ ACCORD+ TO ! FLUCTUAT+ :IMS & FANCIES ( ! 9DIVIDUALS ADH]5TS4 ,IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y 0REFLECT 9DIVIDUAL PREF]5CES0 ?AT SU* GR\PS >E ! LIFEBLOOD ( ! FREE SOCIETY4 ,BU AN>*I/ HAVE ALSO 9SI/$ ?AT S9CE ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE & VITAL S]VICES MU/ BE SUPPLI$ )\T FAIL & CANNOT BE LEFT TO ! :IMS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 !Y >E ,SOCIAL ,OBLIGATIONS :I* EV]Y ABLE BODI$ 9DIVIDUAL IS HONOR-B\ND TO FULFILL1 IF HE EXPECTS TO 5JOY ! B5EFITS ( COLLECTIVE LABOR4 ,! L>GE SCALE ORGANIZATIONS1 AN>*I/ICALLY ORGANIZ$1 >E ,N,O,T A ,D,E,V,I,A,T,I,O,N4 ,!Y >E ,! ,V,],Y ,E,S,S,5,C,E ,( ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M ,A,S ,A ,V,I,A,B,L,E ,S,O,C,I,A,L ,O,R,D,]4 ,!,R,E ,I,S ,N,O 0,P,U,R,E0 ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M4 ,!,R,E ,I,S ,O,N,L,Y ,! ,A,P,P,L,I,C,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,A,N,>,*,I,/ ,P,R,9,C,I,P,L,E,S ,T,O ,! ,R,E,A,L,I,T,I,E,S ,( ,S,O,C,I,A,L ,L,I,V,+4 ,! ,A,I,M ,( ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M ,I,S ,T,O ,/,I,M,U,L,A,T,E ,=,C,E,S ,?,A,T ,P,R,O,P,E,L ,S,O,C,I,E,T,Y ,9 ,A ,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N ,D,I,R,E,C,T,I,O,N4 ,I,T ,I,S ,O,N,L,Y ,F,R,O,M ,?,I,S ,/,&,P,O,9,T ,?,A,T ,! ,R,E,L,E,V,A,N,C,E ,( ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M ,T,O ,M,O,D,],N ,L,I,F,E ,C,A,N ,B,E ,P,R,O,P,],L,Y ,A,S,S,E,S,S,$4 ,AUTOMATION ,C\LD ,EXP$ITE ,AN>*ISM ,WE CONSID] ?AT ! CON/RUCTIVE IDEAS ( AN>*ISM >E R5D]$ EV5 MORE TIMELY BY ! CYB]NETIC REVOLUTION /ILL 9 ITS E>LY /AGES1 & WILL BECOME 9CREAS+LY MORE RELEVANT AS ?IS REVOLUTION UNFOLDS4 ,!RE >E1 EV5 N[1 NO 9SURM\NTABLE TE*NICAL-SCI5TIFIC B>RI]S TO ! 9TRODUCTION ( AN>*ISM4 ,! GREATE/ MAT]IAL DRAWBACK TO ! REALIZATION ( ! IDEAL ( 0,TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS ABILITY0 HAS BE5 ! SC>CITY ( GOODS & S]VICES4 0444,CYB]NATION1 A SY/EM ( ALMO/ UNLIMIT$ PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY :I* REQUIRES PROGRESSIVELY LESS HUMAN LABOR444W\LD MAKE POSSIBLE ! ABOLITION ( POV]TY AT HOME & ABROAD4440 .<#b#b.> ,9 A CONSUM] ECONOMY :]E PUR*AS+ P[] IS NOT TI$ TO PRODUCTION1 ! WAGE SY/EM BE- COMES OBSOLETE & ! PRECONDITIONS = ! REALIZATION ( ! SOCIALI/ IDEAL IMMEASURABLY 5HANC$4 ,:5 ,KROPOTK9 9 #ahii WROTE HIS 0,FIELDS1 ,FACTORIES & ,WORK%OPS01 TO DEMON/RATE ! FEASIBILITY ( DEC5TRALIZ+ 9DU/RY TO A*IEVE A GREAT] BALANCE BETWE5 RURAL & URBAN LIV+1 HIS IDEAS W]E DISMISS$ AS PREMATURE4 ,IT IS N[ NO LONG] DISPUT$ ?AT ! 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G5]ATION ( SCI5TI/S1 TE*NICAL1 ECONOMIC1 & PLANN+ JUDGM5TS4 ,O,N,L,Y ,A ,C,O,M,M,I,T,T,E,E1 ,O,R ,M,O,R,E ,P,R,E,C,I,S,E,L,Y1 ,A ,C,O,M,P,L,E,X ,( ,C,O,M,M,I,T,T,E,E,S ,C,A,N ,C,O,M,B,9,E ,! ,K,N,[,L,$,G,E ,& ,E,X,P,],I,5,C,E ,?,A,T ,M,U,/ ,B,E ,B,R,\,<,T ,T,O ,B,E,>4447P4#a#a#a74 ,! ,E,F,F,E,C,T ,( ,! ,D,5,I,A,L ,( ,A,U,T,O,N,O,M,Y ,& ,! ,9,A,B,I,L,I,T,Y ,( ,! ,T,E,*,N,O,/,R,U,C,T,U,R,E 7CORPORATE C5TRALIZ$ 9DU/RY7 ,T,O ,A,C,C,O,M,M,O,D,A,T,E ,I,T,S,E,L,F ,T,O ,*,A,N,G,+ ,T,A,S,K,S ,H,A,S ,B,E,5 ,V,I,S,I,B,L,Y ,D,E,F,I,C,I,5,T ,O,P,],A,T,I,O,N,S444,! ,L,>,G,] ,& ,M,O,R,E ,C,O,M,P,L,E,X ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N,S ,>,E1 ,! ,M,O,R,E ,!,Y ,M,U,/ ,B,E ,D,E,C,5,T,R,A,L,I,Z,$4440 7EMPHASIS 9 ALL ABOVE QUOTE HAS BE5 ADD$7 ,ONE ( ! MAJOR OB/ACLES TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! FREE SOCIETY IS ! CUMB]SOME1 ALL P]VASIVE1 CORPORATE-/ATI/ APP>ATUS MANN$ BY AN 5TR5*$ BUREAUCRATIC ELITE CLASS ( ADM9I/RATORS1 MANAG]S & (FICIALS :O AT ALL LEVELS EX]CISE DE FACTO CONTROL OV] ! OP]ATIONS ( SOCIETY4 ,?IS HAS UP TILL N[ BE5 REG>D$ AS AN UNAVOIDABLE EVIL1 BUT ?ANKS TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( COMPUT]IZ$ TE*NOLOGY1 ?IS BYZANT9E APP>ATUS CAN N[ BE DISMANTL$4 ,ALAN ,T(FL] 70,FUTURE ,%OCK01 #a#i#g1 P4#a#d#a7 SUMM+ UP ! EVID5CE1 CONCLUDES ?AT 0F> FROM FA/5+ ! GRIP ( BUREAUCRACY ON CIVILIZATION MORE ?AN BE=E1 AUTOMATION LEADS TO ITS OV]?R[4440 ,ANO!R S\RCE1 QUOT+ ,BUS9ESS ,WEEK1 EMPHASIZES ?AT 444AUTOMATION NOT ONLY MAKES ECONOMIC PLANN+ NECESS>Y -- IT ALSO MAKES IT POSSIBLE4 ,! CALCULATIONS REQUIR$ = PLANN+ ON NATIONWIDE SCALE >E COMPLICAT$ & DIFFICULT1 BUT !Y CAN BE P]=M$ BY ! NEW ELECTRONIC COMPUT]S 9 AN AMAZ+LY %ORT TIME444 ,! LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLE ( WORK]S' CONTROL WILL NOT BE 9VALIDAT$ BY *ANGES 9 ! COMPOSITION ( ! WORK =CE OR 9 ! NATURE ( WORK ITSELF4 ,) OR )\T AUTOMATION1 ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURES ( ! NEW SOCIETY MU/ BE BAS$ ON SELF-ADM9I/RATION BY ! PEOPLE DIRECTLY 9VOLV$ 9 ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS4 ,UND] AUTOMATION MILLIONS ( HIE ALREADY ORGANIZ$ 9TO LOCAL1 REGIONAL1 NATIONAL1 & 9T]NATIONAL F$]ATIONS WILL FREELY CIRCULATE 9=MATION1 CON/ANTLY IMPROV+ BO? ! QUALITY & AVAILABILITY ( GOODS & S]VICES & DEVELOP+ NEW PRODUCTS = NEW NE$S4 ,BY CLOSELY 9T]ME%+ & GREATLY EXP&+ ! ALREADY EXI/+ NETWORKS ( CONSUM] COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS ) ! PRODUC] ASSOCIATIONS AT EV]Y LEVEL1 ! CONSUM]S WILL MAKE !IR WANTS KN[N & BE SUPPLI$ BY ! PRODUC]S4 ,! 9NUM]ABLE V>IETY ( SUP]M>KETS1 *A9 /ORES & S]VICE C5T]S ( EV]Y DESCRIPTION N[ BLANKET+ ! C\NTRY1 ?\< [N$ BY CORP- ORATIONS OR PRIVATELY1 >E SO /RUCTUR$ ?AT !Y C\LD BE EASILY SOCIALIZ$ & CONV]T$ 9TO COOP]ATIVE NETWORKS4 ,9 G5]AL1 ! SAME HOLDS TRUE = PRODUCTION1 EX*ANGE1 & O!R BRAN*ES ( ! ECONOMY4 ,! 9TEGRATION ( !SE ECONOMIC ORGANISMS WILL UND\BT$LY BE GREATLY FACILITAT$ BECAUSE ! SAME PEOPLE >E BO? PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S4 ,! PROGRESS ( ! NEW SOCIETY WILL DEP5D GREATLY UPON ! EXT5T TO :I* ITS SELF-GOV]N+ UNITS WILL BE ABLE TO SPE$ UP DIRECT COMMUNICATION - TO UND]/& EA* O!RS' PROBLEMS & BETT] COORD9ATE ACTIVITIES4 ,?ANKS TO MOD]N COMMUNICATIONS TE*NOLOGY1 ALL ! ESS5TIAL FACILITIES >E N[ AVAILABLE3 TAPE LIBR>IES1 0COMPUT] LAUNDROMATS01 CLOS$ TELEVISION & TELEPHONE CIRCUITS1 COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES & A PLE?ORA ( O!R DEVICES >E MAK+ 9/ANT1 DIRECT COMMUNICATION ON A WORLD SCALE ACCESSIBLE TO ALL 7VISUAL & RADIO CONTACT BETWE5 E>? & MOON )9 SECONDS674 0,FACE-TO- FACE DEMOCRAT0 -- A CORN]/ONE ( A FREE SOCIETY1 IS ALREADY =E%AD[$ BY ! 9CREAS+ MOBILITY ( PEOPLES4 ,!RE IS AN EXAGG]AT$ FE> ?AT A M9ORITY ( SCI5TIFIC & TE*NICAL WORK]S W\LD1 9 A FREE SOCIETY1 SET UP A DICTATOR%IP OV] ! RE/ ( SOCIETY4 ,!Y C]TA9LY DO NOT NEW WIELD ! P[] G5]ALLY ATTRIBUT$ TO !M4 ,9 SPITE ( !IR 0HI<]0 /ATUS1 !Y >E NO LESS IMMUNE TO ! FLUCTUATION ( ! ECONOMIC SY/EM ?AN >E ! 0ORD9>Y0 WORK]S 7NE>LY #a1 >E JOBLESS74 ,LIKE L[] PAID WORK]S1 !Y TOO1 MU/ ON PA9 ( DISMISSAL OBEY ! ORD]S ( !IR EMPLOY]S4 ,T5S ( ?\S&S ( FRU/RAT$ FIR/-RATE TE*NICAL & SCI5TIFIC EMPLOYES1 NOT P]MITT$ TO EX]CISE !IR KN[L$GE CREATIVELY1 F9D !MSELVES TRAPP$ 9 MONOTON\S1 USELESS & ANTI-SOCIAL TASKS4 ,& NO?+ IS MORE MADD5+ ?AN TO /& HELPLESSLY BY1 :ILE IGNORAMUSES :O DO NOT EV5 UND]- /& ! LANGUAGE ( SCI5CE1 DICTATE ! DIRECTION ( RESE>* & DEVELOPM5T4 ,NOR >E !SE WORK]S FREE TO EX]CISE !SE RIE TWO O!R PREV5TIVE *ECKS TO DICTATOR%IP ( ! TE*NO-SCI5TIFIC ELITE4 ,! FIR/ IS ?AT ! WID] DIFFUSION ( SCI5TIFIC & TE*NICAL TRA9+1 PROVID+ MILLIONS ( NEW SPECIALI/S1 W\LD BREAK UP ANY POSSIBLE MONOPOLY BY A M9ORITY & ELIM9ATE ! ?REAT ( DICTATOR%IP4 0,! NUMB] ( SCI5TI/S & TE*OLOGI/S 9 ?IS C\NTRY HAS D\BL$ 9 LITTLE MORE ?AN T5 YE>S & N[ =MS TW5TY P]C5T ( ! LABOR =CE -- ?IS GR[? IS MU* FA/] ?AN ?AT ( ! POPULATION4440 7,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #a#b-#b#i-#g7 ,! SECOND *ECK TO DICTATOR%IP IS NOT TO 9VE/ SPECIALI/S OR ANY O!R GR\P ) POLITICAL P[] TO RULE OV] O!RS4 ,:ILE WE MU/ CEASELESSLY GU>D AGA9/ ! ABUSE ( P[]1 WE MU/ NEV] =GET ?AT 9 ! JO9T EF=T TO BUILD A BETT] WORLD1 WE MU* ALSO LE>N TO TRU/ EA* O!R4 ,IF WE DO NOT1 !N ?IS BETT] WORLD WILL =EV] REMA9 A UTOPIA4 ,! ,TRUE ,RELEVANCE ,( ,AN>*ISM ,I HAVE TRI$ TO %[ ?AT AN>*ISM IS NOT A PANACEA ?AT WILL MIRACUL\SLY CURE ALL ! ILLS ( ! BODY SOCIAL1 BUT RA!R1 A #b? C5TURY GUIDE TO ACTION BAS$ ON A REALI/IC CONCEPTION ( SOCIAL CON/RUCTION4 ,! WELL-NI< 9SUP]ABLE MAT]IAL OB/ACLE TO ! 9TRODUCTION ( AN>*ISM -- SC>CITY ( GOODS & S]VICES & EXCESSIVE 9DU/RIAL-MANAG]IAL C5TRALIZATION - HAVE OR CAN BE REMOV$ BY ! CYB]NETIC-TE*NICAL REVOLUTION4 ,YET1 ! MOVEM5T = EMANCIPATION IS ?REAT5$ BY ! F> MORE =MIDABLE POLITICAL1 SOCIAL & BRA9-WA%+ TE*NIQUES ( 0,! ,E/ABLI%M5T04 ,9 !IR POLEMICS ) ! ,M>XI/S1 ! AN>*I/S 9SI/$ ?AT ! POLITICAL /ATE SUBJECTS ! ECONOMY TO ITS [N 5DS4 ,A HI< SOPHI/ICAT$ ECONOMIC SY/EM1 ONCE VIEW$ AS ! PR]EQUISITE = ! REALIZATION ( SOCIALISM1 N[ S]VES TO RE9=CE ! DOM9ATION ( ! RUL+ CLASSES ) ! 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