,! ,REPUBLIC ,( ,! ,BOYS ,& ,?AT ,( ,! ,BE>D$ ,M5 

#ahhd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY DUNCAN C1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE  
,AB\T FIFTE5 YE>S AGO1 ?IS WRIT] WAS A Y\NG/] /UDY+ RHETORIC & ,ROMAN HI/ORY1 ,GREEK1 ,LAT91 & ,GIOB]TIAN PHILOSOPHY4 

,DESPITE ! BE/ EF=TS ( MY TEA*]S1 S*OOL+ DID NOT MANAG$ TO /IFLE MY NATURE &1 9 ! /ULTIFY+1 CORRUPTIVE MOD]N HI< S*OOL SETT+1 ,I MANAG$ TO KEEP MY M9D :OLESOME & MY HE>T UNBLEMI%$4 

,BY NATURE AFFECTIONATE & IMPASSION$1 ,I DREAM$ ( AN IDEAL WORLD 9 :I* ALL W\LD LOVE ONE ANO!R & BE HAPPY4 ,:5EV] ,I WE>I$ ( DAYDREAMS1 ,I SUCCUMB$ TO REALITY1 TOOK A LOOK >\ND ME1 & SAW3 H]E1 SOMEONE %IV]+ FROM COLD & HUNG] & MEEKLY SEEK+ ALMS 9 ! %APE ( A CRU/ ( BREAD2 !RE1 SOME *ILDR5 CRY+2 & OV] YOND]1 SOME M5 M\?+ CURSES2 & MY HE>T FROZE 9 HORROR4 

,LAT]1 ,I WAS MORE VIGILANT & REALIZ$ ?AT A TREM5D\S 9JU/ICE--A NONS5SICAL SY/EM--WAS GR9D+ HUMANITY D[N & CONDEMN+ IT TO PA92 LABOR WAS DEGRAD$ & ALMO/ REG>D$ AS DI%ONORABLE1 ! WORK+ MAN DY+ ( HUNG] SO !RE WAS FOOD = HIS IDLE MA/]'S ORGIES4 ,AS MY HE>T WAS SWOLL5 ) RAGE1 ,I WAS REM9D$ ( ! ,GRAC*I & ,SP>TACUS & ,I C\LD FEEL ! SPIRIT ( ! TRIBUNE & ! REBEL 9SIDE ME4 

,& AS ,I HAD (T5 HE>D IT SAID ?AT ! REPUBLIC IS ! V]Y NEGATION ( :AT WAS WORRY+ ME1 & ?AT 9 ! REPUBLIC ALL M5 >E EQUALS2 S9CE :]EV] & :5EV] ! E*O ( A REBELLION ( ! WRET*ES & SLAVES REA*$ ME FROM1 IT WAS 9T]M+L$ ) ! WORD 0REPUBLIC02 & S9CE WE 9 S*OOL W]E LEFT 9 IGNORANCE ( ! MOD]N WORLD SO ?AT WE MI<T BE R5D]$ DOLTS BY ! TRUNCAT$1 PHONY HI/ORY ( ANCI5T ,ROME1 & W\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 ABLE TO F9D A MODE ( SOCIAL COEXI/5CE \TSIDE ( ! ,ROMAN =MULAS1 ,I CALL$ MYSELF A REPUBLICAN &1 IT SEEM$ TO ME1 ?AT MADE UP = ALL ( ! DESIRES & WRA? SWIRL+ 9 MY HEAD4 

,I WAS NOT CLE> AS TO :AT ?IS REPUBLIC W\LD BE LIKE 1 BUT ,I RECKON$ ,I KNEW & ?AT WAS 5\< = ME3 9 MY EYES1 ! REPUBLIC WAS ! K+DOM ( EQUALITY1 LOVE1 & HAPP9ESS2 IT WAS ! LOV+ DREAM ( MY IMAG9ATION BECOME REALITY4 

,OH1 H[ MY HE>T BEAT 9 MY Y\?FUL BREA/6 ,I IMAG9$ MYSELF N[ AS SOME MOD]N DAY ,BRUTUS1 PLUNG+ A BLADE 9TO ! BREA/ ( A LATT]-DAY ,CES>2 OR AT ! HEAD ( A B& ( REBELS2 OR ATOP A B>RICADE1 SCATT]+ ! TYRANT'S ACOLYTES2 OR ,I IMAG9$ MYSELF ON A RO/RUM1 ?UND]+ AGA9/ ! PEOPLE'S 5EMIES4 ,I MEASUR$ MY HEI<T & /ROK$ MY LIPS TO SEE IF ANY :ISK]S HAD SPR\T$2 OH1 H[ ,I YE>N$ TO BE GR[N UP & TO LEAVE HI< S*OOL & COMMIT MYSELF 5TIRELY TO ! REPUBLICAN CAUSE6 

,?AT DAY F9ALLY >RIV$ & ,I 5T]$ ! \TSIDE WORLD FILL$ ) SELFLESS 9T5TIONS1 FILL$ ) HOPES & DREAMS4 

,! REPUBLIC HAD BE5 SO MU* ! /UFF ( MY DREAMS ?AT ,I C\LD NOT HELP BUT SCURRY TO :]EV] ,I HAD BE5 TOLD !RE WAS A REPUBLICAN V5TURE1 ASPIRATION OR YE>N+2 & IT WAS AS A REPUBLICAN ?AT ,I HAD MY FIR/ SI<T ( ! K+'S JAILS4 

,BUT !N ,I HAD SECOND ?\<TS4 ,I /UDI$ ! HI/ORY ?AT ,I HAD PREVI\SLY LE>N$ FROM 9ANE1 LY+ TEXTBOOKS & SAW H[ ! REPUBLIC HAD ALWAYS TURN$ \T TO BE A GOV]NM5T LIKE ANY O!R--OR EV5 WORSE ?AN ! RE/--& ?AT UND] ! REPUBLIC1 AS UND] ! MON>*Y1 !RE IS WRET*$NESS & 9JU/ICE & ! PEOPLE >E M[N D[N :5 !Y TRY TO %RUG (F ! YOKE4 

,I LOOK$ >\ND ! CONTEMPOR>Y WORLD & SAW ?AT C\NTRIES :]E !RE IS A REPUBLIC >E NO BETT] (F ?AN ?OSE UND] A MON>*Y4 ,!RE IS A REPUBLIC 9 ,AM]ICA1 &1 = ALL H] EXPANSES ( FREE L&1 = ALL H] SUP]-ABUNDANT PRODUCTION1 !RE >E PEOPLE />V+ TO DEA?4 ,!Y HAVE A REPUBLIC1 BUT DESPITE ! FRE$OM & EQUALITY WRITT5 9TO ! CON/ITUTION1 ! POOR MAN HAS NO HUMAN DIGNITY1 & ! CAVALRY USES ITS CLUBS OR SAB]S TO DISP]SE WORK]S CLAMOR+ = BREAD & JOBS4 ,!Y HAVE !IR REPUBLIC1 BUT ! NATIVE PEOPLES >E R$UC$ TO DESP]ATE /RAITS & HUNT$ D[N LIKE WILD ANIMALS444 
,:AT AM ,I SAY+8 ,9 ,AM]ICA1 AS 9 ,ROME & 9 ,GREECE BE=E H]1 WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ! REPUBLIC IS COMPATIBLE ) SLAV]Y6 

,!RE'S A REPUBLIC 9 ,SWITZ]L&1 YET !RE IS POV]TY1 ! ,PROTE/ANT & ,CA?OLIC CL]GY RULE ! ROO/1 & ONE CANNOT LIVE 9 A CITY )\T A RESID5CE P]MIT1 & ! FREE CITIZ5S ( ,SWITZ]L& TRADE !IR VOTES = A FEW GLASSES ( BE]6 

,!RE'S A REPUBLIC 9 ,FRANCE 7IT HAD REC5TLY BE5 E/ABLI%$1 !N7 & IT />T$ ITS EXI/5CE ) ! SLAU<T] ( #e1 ,P>ISIANS4 ,IT REMA9S DEF]5TIAL T[>DS ! CL]GY & IT S5DS ITS TROOPS 9 :5EV] ! WORK]S RAISE !IR HEADS1 TO =CE SUBMISSION TO ! BOSSES & QUIET ACCEPTANCE ( !IR WRET*$NESS4 

,SO ,I SAID TO MYSELF1 ! REPUBLIC IS NOT :AT ,I DREAM$ IT WAS2 ! HI<-S*OOL /UD5T'S VAGUE ASPIRATION WAS TO ONE ?+1 BUT ! REALITY WAS DIFF]5T1 V]Y DIFF]5T4 ,MY OLDE/ COMRADES1 ! ONES ,I ?\<T ( AS MY TEA*]S1 HAD 9DE$ SAID ?AT ! REPUBLICS 9 EXI/5CE W]E NOT REAL REPUBLICS & ?AT1 9 ,ITALY1 ! REPUBLIC W\LD DELIV] JU/ICE1 EQUALITY1 LIB]TY1 WELL-BE+2 BUT ,I KNEW ?AT ! SAME ?+S HAD BE5 SAID 9 ,FRANCE PRIOR TO ! TRIUMPH ( ! REPUBLIC1 & ,I ALSO KNEW ?AT SIMIL> ?+S HAD BE5 SAID & PROMIS$ BY EV]Y S+LE P>TY NE$+ ! PEOPLE'S SUPPORT 9 ORD] TO ASC5D TO P[]444 & ,I WANT$ TO SEE ?+S CLE>LY4 

,! NATURE ( A SOCIETY1 ,I RECKON$1 CANNOT DEP5D ON NAMES & 9CID5TAL =MS1 BUT RA!R MU/ DEP5D ON ! RELATION%IP ( EA* MEMB] ) ! O!R MEMB]S & ) ! SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,NEI!R C\LD ! EFFECT ( A *ANGE 9 SOCIETY BE DET]M9$ SOLELY BY ! WI%ES & 9T5TIONS ( ! P>TY ?AT ADVOCATES IT1 S9CE A P>TY ?AT ACCEPTS & SUBSCRIBES TO C]TA9 POSITIONS SUFF]S ! CONSEQU5CES1 OR IT GETS CAU<T UP 9 HAT*+ REBELLIONS ?AT COME TO NO?+ UNTIL ?AT P>TY MAKES UP ITS M9D TO *ANGE ITS POSITION4 

,I BEGAN TO PROBE ! V]Y ESS5CE ( MOD]N SOCIETY1 ! NATURE ( SOCIAL RELATIONS1 ! D]IVATION ( PUBLIC P[]S1 ! OP]ATION ( POLITICAL & ECONOMIC FACTORS & EV]Y?+ PROMPT$ ME TO CONCLUDE ?AT !RE IS ESS5TIALLY NO DIFF]5CE BETWE5 MON>*Y & REPUBLIC4 ,SO ,I WAS NO LONG] SURPRIS$ ?AT REPUBLICS BE> SU* A /RONG RESEMBLANCE TO MON>*IES4 
,AS MAN'S PRIM>Y NE$ & ! ESS5TIAL PR]EQUISITE ( EXI/5CE IS ?AT HE IS ABLE TO EAT1 IT IS ONLY NATURAL ?AT ! *>ACT] ( A SOCIETY IS DET]M9$ PRIM>ILY BY ! MANN] 9 :I* MAN SECURES ! MEANS ( SURVIVAL1 H[ WEAL? IS PRODUC$ & DI/RIBUT$444 ,ECONOMIC FACTORS DOM9ATE EV]Y ASPECT ( ! LIFE ( SOCIETY4 

,UND] A MON>*Y1 ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E 9 ! H&S ( A FEW 9DIVIDUALS1 & ! MASSES1 :O HAVE NO?+ BUT !IR LABOR =CE1 HAVE TO SEEK WORK FROM ?OSE :O [N ?OSE MEANS1 & MU/ ABIDE BY !IR CONDITIONS4 ,! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS IS BAS$ ON ! RECIPROCAL BUT UNEQUAL NE$ ?AT BOSSES & WORK]S HAVE ( EA* O!R & ON ! COMPETITION BETWE5 ! FAMI%$4 ,& S9CE ! BOSSES 5JOY ! B5EFIT ( AN E/ABLI%$ POSITION & CAN FALL BACK UPON !IR SAV+S1 :]EAS ! WORK] NE$S TO WORK ON A DAILY BASIS 9 ORD] TO EAT1 & S9CE1 ALSO1 !RE >E G5]ALLY MORE WORK]S ?AN ! BOSSES NE$1 ! WORK+ MAN'S WAGES DO NOT NORMALLY EXCE$ :AT IS /RICTLY NECESS>Y = ! MO/ PRIMITIVE & VEGETATIVE SURVIVAL4 ,& SO1 AT ! 5D ( ! DAY1 UND] A MON>*Y WE F9D A T9Y RUL+CLASS ?AT IS CORRUPT & CORRUPT+1 & ON ! O!R SIDE1 ! IMPOV]I%$ & BRUTALIZ$ MASSES4 

,W\LD A REPUBLIC BE ANY DIFF]5T8 ,C]TA9LY NOT1 S9CE ! REPUBLIC PRES]VES ! F\NDATION ( ! PRES5T ORGANIZATION--PRIVATE PROP]TY--& CANNOT ESCAPE ! CONSEQU5CES ( ?AT [N]%IP MODEL4 

,BUT1 AS ! MORE ADVANC$ REPUBLICANS OBJECT1 UND] ! REPUBLIC IT IS ! PEOPLE ?AT COMM& BY MEANS ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE3 LET US MAKE \R REPUBLIC & ! PEOPLE1 %\LD !Y SEE FIT1 WILL AM5D ! [N]%IP >RANGEM5TS4 ,BUT UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE CAN BE F\ND UND] ! MON>*Y1 TOO1 & ! PEOPLE USE IT TO 5DORSE !IR SUBJECT /ATUS2 H[ ON E>? C\LD ! PEOPLE ACQUIRE ! CONSCI\SNESS & CAPABILITY !Y LACK TODAY JU/ BY S5D+ ! K+ PACK+ & SWAPP+ ONE /ATUS = ANO!R8 ,BUT ! REPUBLIC HAS BE5 MADE TIME & TIME AGA9 9 MANY C\NTRIES1 & UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE HAS NOT BE5 ANY MORE PRODUCTIVE ?AN IT IS UND] ! MON>*Y4 ,:Y W\LD IT BE ANY DIFF]5T ?IS TIME8 

,:AT DOES IT MATT] IF SOME RI<T IS GRANT$ TO ! PEOPLE1 :5 ! PEOPLE >E NOT EQUIPP$ ) ! MEANS TO EX]CISE IT8 ,AS ,I HAVE ALREADY /AT$1 ECONOMIC FACTORS DOM9ATE EV]Y?+3 A PEOPLE DY+ ( HUNG] WILL ALWAYS BE /UPID & SLAVI%1 &1 IF !Y VOTE1 WILL VOTE = !IR MA/]S4 

,WE NE$ TO MOVE BEYOND REPUBLICAN ?9K+ & 9/EAD ( ACCEPT+ ! PRES5T ECONOMIC POSITION AS \R />T+ PO9T1 WE NE$ TO MAKE A FRE% />T BY RADICALLY ALT]+ IT1 & EFFECTIVELY DO+ AWAY ) PRIVATE [N]%IP4 ,!N WE WILL ASSURE \R SURVIVAL1 WILL ALL BE EQUAL 9 T]MS ( WEAL?1 & MAY WELL BE ABLE TO BEG9 TO UND]/& ONE ANO!R4 

,ALL ( !SE ?+S PASS$ ?R\< MY M9D & BE=E MY EYES1 & :AT HAPP5S TO ALL M5 ( FEEL+ :O 9VE/IGATE ! LAWS ( HUMAN COEXI/5CE )\T PRECONCEPTIONS HAPP5$ TO ME3 ,I WAS HORRIFI$ BY ! REPUBLIC1 :I* IS A =M ( GOV]NM5T :OSE SOLE USE IS ?AT--LIKE EV]Y O!R GOV]NM5T--IT SANCTIONS & *AMPIONS E/ABLI%$ PRIVILEGES444 ,& ,I TURN$ 9TO A SOCIALI/4 

,SELFLESS Y\NG/]S1 :O %>E ?IS DREAM ( A REPUBLIC ?AT WILL DELIV] PEACE & WELL BE+3 ,?9K AGA96 ,! REAL REPUBLIC1 ! REPUBLIC ( ! RUL]S1 IS NOT ! ONE ,I DREAM$ ( AT S*OOL4 ,ONCE ! REPUBLIC HAS BE5 MADE1 IF Y\ REMA9 PURE & HONE/ LIKE Y\ >E TODAY1 Y\ WILL BE GO+ TO JAIL OR WILL BE M[N D[N JU/ ! SAME AS Y\ W\LD BE TODAY4 ,AT ?AT PO9T Y\ WILL FEEL BETRAY$1 BUT ?AT WILL NOT BE TRUE3 Y\ WILL HAVE REAP$ JU/ :AT Y\ S[$4 

7,S\RCE3 ,TRANSLAT$ FROM 0,LA REPUBBLICA DEI GIOVANETTI E QUELLA DEGLI UOM9I COLLA B>BA10 ,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE 7,FLOR5CE71 ,VOL4 #a1 ,NO4 #c1 #e ,JANU>Y #a#h#h#d47 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #e1 #ahhd 3 ,! ,REPUBLIC ,( ,! ,BOYS ,& ,?AT ,( ,! ,BE>D$ ,M5 -- ,PUBLICATION4 
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