,*APT] #a 
,A ,NATION ,SACRIFIC$ TO ,HI/ORY 

#aiicaiic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #a3 ,A ,NATION ,SACRIFIC$ TO ,HI/ORY 

  

,S+UL>LY & P>ADOXICALLY DE/9$1 LIKE ! ,JEWI% PEOPLE3 ! ,BOOKS OR ,BIBLIA1 :I* UND] ! NAME ,BIBLE F\ND$ ! ,HEBRAIC MY?OLOGY1 :I*1 RAIS$ UP BY ! ELECTIVE GLORY ( A UNIQUE ,GOD1 ASPIR$ TO REIGN OV] ALL ( HUMANITY4 ,9VE/$ ) AN ET]NAL & UNIV]SAL TRU?1 EA* P]SON 5T]$ 9TO ! DESIGN ONLY TO L5D HIM OR H]SELF TO ,Y,H,:1 AT ! CO/ ( AN EFFACEM5T 9 TIME & SPACE1 ( :I* NO NATION (F]S SU* AN UNHAPPY EXAMPLE4 

,BORN )9 A ,/ATI/ C5TRALISM ?AT RALLI$ .<TOGE!R.> ! NOMADS1 HA/ILY S$5T>IZ$ ON NEWLY CONQU]$ T]RITORIES1 ! >ROGANCE ( ! ,GOD ( ! HOLY W>S -- BY A CRUEL IRONY -- W\LD NOT CEASE TO PUFF ITSELF UP ) ! W9D ( PROPHET-ISM TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! TEMPORAL P[] ( ! ,HEBREWS1 F> FROM SEIZ+ ! WORLD SO AS TO PROPAGATE OB$I5CE 9 IT TO ,Y,H,:1 W\LD SUCCUMB UND] ! BL[S ( ! ,ASSYRIANS1 ,P]SIANS1 ,GREEKS1 & ,ROMANS1 & W\LD F9D ITSELF EXTIRPAT$ FROM ! V]Y PLACES 9 :I* IT HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$ OV] ! C\RSE ( NE>LY TWO MILL5NIA4 

,?AT A NATION UNANIM\SLY PLAC$ ITS LOT 9 ! H&S ( A ,GOD & .<YET.> EV]Y:]E & = SO LONG EXP]I5C$ HO/ILITY1 HATE1 SCORN -- ITS /RANGE SPECIFICITY DOESN'T LIE 9 ?IS4 ,BUT :AT SURPRISES IS ! FACT ?AT ?IS NATION KEPT FAI?1 CONFID5CE & ACCR$IT$ A DEITY ?AT WAS QUITE ! CONTR>Y TO IT4 

,SITUAT+ !MSELVES 9 A MY?ICAL HI/ORY1 ! TEMPORAL ASPECT ( :I* WAS ONLY ! %AD[ ( A DIV9E WILL1 ! ,JEWS HAVE UND]GONE IT AS A MAL$ICTION TO :I* !Y SUBSCRIB$ BY ADVANC+ A HI/ORICAL EXCLUSION ?AT !Y ONLY BR\<T =? 9 ! ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY BY OBLIT]AT+ ! RELIGI\S UND] ! TRADEM>K ( SOCIAL PREOCCUPATIONS4 ,TODAY1 FEW BELIEV]S D5Y ?AT ! >MY & ! COOP]ATIVE SY/EM (F]$ TO ,ISRAEL >E BETT] GU>ANTEES ?AN ,Y,H,:4 

,IT'S AB\T TIME4 ,VILIFI$1 OPPRESS$1 MASSACR$1 IMPRISON$ 9 ! <ETTOS1 !Y HAD NOT CEAS$ TO 9T]PRET ! NI<TM>E 9 AN EXEGETICAL WAY4 ,! MAL$ICTION CONFIRM$ !IR /ATUS AS ! ,*OS5 ,PEOPLE2 IT CONF]R$ UPON !M -- ?R\< ! WAT]1 FIRE & BLOOD ( SACRIFICE & R$EMPTION1 ! ORDEAL & SALVATION1 EXPIATION & R$EMPTION -- AN EXI/5CE ?AT WAS ?US METAPHYSICAL1 SUB SPECIE AET]NITATIS4.<#a#f.> 

,EXPELL$ FROM ,PALE/9E 9 #a#c#e1 AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( !IR LA/ 9SURRECTION1 ! ,JEWS W\LD BE CA/ ASIDE AT ! SAME TIME ?AT !IR RELIGION W\LD BE TAK5 UP BY ,*RI/IANITY 7:I* ISSU$ FROM ,JUDAISM71 ! POLITICAL C>E] ( :I* W\LD EM]GE 9 ! ,F\R? ,C5TURY UND] A ,CA?OLICISM ?AT CONDUCT$ POGROMS4  
  

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,!RE ISN'T SPACE 5\< H]E TO MAKE CLE> ! DET\RS BY :I* A SWAGG]+ WILL KILLS ITSELF ?R\< RESIGNATION1 NAY1 D]ELICTION1 BUT IT ISN'T USELESS TO EMPHASIZE :AT ONE CAN CALL ! SUBDIVISION ( ,HEBREW EXPANSIONI/ AMBITION4 

,:ILE A SUCCESSION ( REV]SALS1 SALUT$ BY PROPHETIC AGITATORS AS JU/ DIV9E PUNI%M5TS1 SWELL$ ) ANG] & BLOOD ! UNM]CIFUL MY? ( ! ,GOD ( ,ISRAEL1 A MORE PACIFIC CONQUE/ MADE ITSELF CLE>4 ,NAMELY1 A DIASPORA SW>M+ TO ! F\R CORN]S ( ! WORLD COLONIES ( ,JEWS :O1 DUE TO ! 9TRANSIG5CE ) :I* !Y DWELL$ ON ! QUE/ION ( ! UNIQUE ,GOD1 DID NOT F9D IT REPUGNANT TO COMPROMISE :5 NECESS>Y TO SAFEGU>D !IR RI<T TO ASYLUM & F9ANCIAL 9T]E/4 ,IT WAS H]E1 9 ! OV]TURE ( ! SPIRIT ?AT IMPOS$ ! LAWS ( COMM]CE1 ?AT ! CRUEL ,Y,H,: GAVE WAY TO A MORE COMPASSIONATE ,GOD1 9S(> AS ,MOSAIC RIGOR W\LD ACCOMMODATE A RELAXATION ( ITS RITUALS4 ,IT WAS H]E ?AT ! 0TREASON0 ( ,JUDAISM W\LD FOM5T ITSELF1 W\LD IMPLANT ,ESS5E ,JUDEO-,*RI/IANITY BY ,HELL5IZ+ ITSELF4 

,! ,EGYPTIAN1 ,BABYLONIAN1 ,P]SIAN1 ,GREEK & ,ROMAN IMP]IALISMS 9CLUD$ 9 !IR POLITICS ( EXPANSION ! RECOGNITION ( ! GODS HONOR$ BY ! VANGUI%$ NATIONS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 AFT] ! ,BABYLONIANS1 ,GREEKS & ,ROMANS DE/ROY$ ! ,TEMPLE ( ,J]USALEM & PROSCRIB$ ! CULT ( ,Y,H,:1 HE ADMITT$ ( NO O!R ,GOD ?AN HIMSELF4  
  

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,ONCE IT ACCOMPLI%$ ! CONQUE/ ( ! T]RITORIES ( ,CANAAN1 ! Y\NG & PREC>I\S ,HEBREW /ATE REMA9$ ON ! DEF5SIVE4 ,IT TOOK ROOT 9 AN AGR>IAN /RUCTURE4 ,REASSEMBL+ ! NOMADS1 IT CEM5T$ ! NATION 9 A MONO!I/IC BLOC 9 :I* ,GOD1 9 SOLID>ITY ) HIS PEOPLE1 CREAT$ ! ,E>? SO ?AT !Y C\LD CULTIVATE IT & IMPOSE HIS LAW EV]Y:]E4 

,Y,H,: WAS /ILL A ,GOD 9 =MATION :5 ! ,BABYLONIAN 9VASION 9 ! ,SEV5? ,C5TURY .<,B4,C4,E4.> BR\<T D[N A S]I\S BL[ UPON ! UNIT>Y MY?1 ALREADY D5T$ BY ! S*ISM BETWE5 ,JUDEA & ,SAM>IA4 ,Y,H,: BEGAN TO C>EFULLY DI/+UI% HIMSELF FROM ! ,CANAANIAN ,GOD 0,EL10 A ,GOD 5D[$ BY WOM5 & *ILDR51 & :OSE PLURAL =M1 0,ELOHIM10 W\LD NOT BE =EIGN TO ! FUTURE DUALISM ( ,SAM>ITAN ,JEWI% GNO/ICISM4 

,! LOCAL BRAN*ES ( ! DIASPORA DID NOT CON/ITUTE ! BRIDGE HEADS1 ! BILLET+ ( ! TROOPS PROMPT$ TO M>K \T PA?S = ! M]*ANTS4 ,BUT ! ,JEWS W]E NO LESS 5SLAV$ :]E ! SYNAGOGUE REPRES5T$ ! ,TEMPLE ( ,J]USALEM4 ,AL?\< !Y W]E PROSELYTES1 !SE SLAVES ISOLAT$ !MSELVES 9 A DEF5SIVE CR\*1 AS IF ! IMMOBILITY ( ! SAC]DOTAL CA/E ?AT WAS ALL ! RAGE 9 ,JUDEA1 ,SAM>IA & ,GALILEE WAS WEI<+ !M D[N4 

,! DYNAMISM ( ! 9DU/RI\S ,JEWI% CLASSES GOT 5TANGL$ 9 ! NETS ( ! ,SADDUCEEAN BUREAUCRACY1 ! >I/OCRATIC CA/E ( ! FUNCTION>IES ( ! ,TEMPLE4 ,ITS CONS]VATISM CONCRETIZ$ ?IS ,GOD ( CONQUE/ :O HAD /RUCK HIS FAI?FUL ) P[]LESSNESS & :O HELD AS A SALUT>Y EXPIATION ! GIFT ?AT !Y MADE ( IT EV]Y DAY ( !IR EXI/5CE4 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! MOD]NI/ P>TY1 ,PH>ISAISM1 >RIV$ TOO LATE1 :5 ! ,JEWI% NATION WAS NO LONG] A COLONY ?AT ! SUCCESSIVE EMPIRES NEGLIG5TLY 9H]IT$4 ,! ,PH>ISEEANS CAME UP AGA9/ IT1 9 ADDITION TO ! REVOLTS ( ! EXTREMI/ TYPE ?AT CIRCUMSCRIB$ !IR PROJECT ( MASSACR+ ! GOYIM1 OR NONBELIEV]S1 & ADOR+ ,Y,H,:4 ,:5 ,ESS5ISM BROKE ) ! ,YAHWEHISM ( ! ,TEMPLE1 IT UND]TOOK TO PROMOTE AN ASCETIC RIGOR.<ISM.> ?AT W\LD N\RI% ! MADM5_/GU]RILLAS ( ! ,ZEALOTS AGA9/ ! ,ROMAN OCCUPATION & ,PH>ISIAN COLLABORATION4 

,LACK+ A BITE ON HI/ORY1 ! ,JEWI% PEOPLE1 MADE TOO?LESS BY AN ALL-P[]FUL ,GOD :O *OSE !M1 CONDEMN$ !MSELVES TO ! TIME ( ! HOLOCAU/4  
  

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,MANY TIMES RE-WRITT5 & REVIS$1 ! ORIG9AL K]NEL ( ! FIR/ BIBLICAL TEXTS DATE FROM ! #a? & #a#a? C5TURIES BE=E ! ,*RI/IAN ]A1 %ORTLY AFT] ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,HEBREWS 9 ! L& ( ,CANAAN4 

,!Y LIV$ !RE AS SEMI-NOMADS & 9 A MOSAIC ( ,CITY-,/ATES ( ! TRIBES ( ! ,SEMITIC RACE4 ,NOMADS !MSELVES1 ! ,HEBREWS1 ! TRIBES ( :I* HAD VISIT$ ,MESOPOTAMIA & ,EGYPT1 & GLEAN$ FROM !M RELIGI\S BELIEFS & TE*NIQUES ( ORGANIZATION1 SEIZ$ HOLD ( A P>T ( ! L& ( ,CANAAN UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( A P]SON :OM !IR MY?OLOGY GAVE ! NAME ,MOSES4 

,! =MATION ( ! ,JEWI% NATION WORK$ >\ND ! PRIE/_/W>RIOR1 :O PRES5T$ HIMSELF AS ! 9/RUM5T ( A PATRI>*AL & CREATIVE DIV9ITY4 

,! VICTORI\S COMBAT AGA9/ ! RAIDS L$ BY ! 0PEOPLE ( ! SEA10 ! ,PHILI/9ES ( ! ,BIBLE1 RE9=C$ ! POLITICAL UNITY ( ,HEBRAIC TRIBES & DESIGN$1 ) ! GR& /ATURE ( ?IS ,EL :O W\LD BECOME ,Y,H,:1 ! TRIUMPHANT SYMBOL ( ,HEBRAIC P[] R$UC$ TO ANNIHILAT+ ! ,SEMITIC NATIONS & !IR >*AIC GODS3 ,DAGAN 7! ,DAGON ( ! ,BIBLE71 ,A/ORE? OR 0,A/>TE10 ,BAAL-,ZEBUB1 POPUL>IZ$ MU* LAT] UND] ! DIABOLICAL TRAITS ( ,BEEZELBUB4 

,P]HAPS >\ND #a1 .<,B4,C4,E4.> ,K+ ,DAVID 9AUGURAT$ MONO!I/IC SYNCRETISM1 BECAUSE ,/ATI/ C5TRALISM NE$$ A TRANSC5D5T P[] TO IMPOSE ITS COHESION ON ! TRIBES1 :I* TRADITIONALLY HAD BE5 9DEP5D5T4 ,HE >ROGAT$ TO HIMSELF ! FUNCTION ( ! GREAT PRIE/1 ! TEMPORALLY SACRALIZ$ MON>*1 HIS P[] TO GUIDE ! PEOPLE *OS5 BY ,EL1 ! ,FA!R1 CREATOR ( ! UNIV]SE & MANK9D1 CONCEIV$ SO AS TO BE OBEY$4 

,! LEG5D ATTRIBUTES TO ,SOLOMON1 SON ( ,DAVID1 ! CON/RUCTION ( ! FIR/ ,TEMPLE ( ,J]USALEM1 SYMBOL ( ! FAI? & SUPREMACY ( ! ,JEWS1 MONUM5T TO MONO!ISM1 :I* HA/5$ TO DE/ROY ! 9VAD]S & ?AT ONE DAY W\LD BE SUB/ITUT$ = BY ! ,BASILICA ( ,ROME4 

,NEV]!LESS1 ! TYRANNY ( ,SOLOMON PROVOK$ ! SECESSION ( ! NOR!RN TRIBES4 ,UPON HIS DEA?1 !Y REFUS$ OB$I5CE TO HIS SON &1 /RONG ) ! CONS5T ( ,EGYPT1 F\ND$ 9 #i .<,B4,C4,E4.> AN 9DEP5D5T K+DOM 9 :I* ! CULT ( ,EL-,Y,H,:1 IMP]FECTLY IMPLANT$1 CLA%$ ) ! P>TISANS ( ! ANCI5T GODS4 

,FROM !N ON1 ,PALE/9E WAS SPLIT BETWE5 TWO RIVAL REGIONS3 9 ! S\?1 ! K+DOM ( ,JUDEA1 ) ,J]USALEM AS ITS CAPITAL2 9 ! NOR?1 ! K+DOM ( ,ISRAEL1 9CLUD+ ,SAM>IA & ,GALILEE 7TODAY ,JORDAN74 

,OV] ! C5TURIES1 HATE & SCORN PITT$ ,JUDEA AGA9/ ,SAM>IA1 ! =M] %ELT]+ ITSELF 9 ! JEAL\S CULT ( ,Y,H,:2 ! LATT]1 MORE TOL]ANT1 (F]+ ITSELF TO NEW IDEAS & ,GREEK 9FLU5CES4 

,BECAUSE ! ,SAM>ITANS W]5'T P>T ( ! ,JUDEAN TRIBE1 ! ,JUDEANS CONSID]$ !M1 NOT ,JEWS1 BUT GOYIM1 NONBELIEV]S1 G5]ALLY ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ANA!MA 0,MAY !IR BONES ROT40 

,! OPPOSITION BETWE5 ,JUDEANS & ,SAM>ITANS EXPLA9S AN IMPORTANT P>T ( ! ,HELL5IZATION ( ,JEWI% ,GNO/ICISM1 OMNIPRES5T 9 ! FIR/ ,*RI/IANITIES4 ,IT ESPECIALLY EXPLA9S ! ANTI-,JUDAISM ?AT ANIMAT$ ! 0,M5 ( ! ,COMMUNITY10 ! ,ESS5ES1 & ?AT ,GRECO-,ROMAN RACISM W\LD DISGUISE AS ANTI-,SEMITISM4 

,PRID+ !MSELVES ON BE+ ! TRUE *ILDR5 ( ,ISRAEL1 !Y ONLY RETA9$ AS SACR$ ! ,BOOKS ( ! ,P5TATEU*3 ,G5ESIS1 ,EXODUS1 ,LEVITICUS1 ,NUMB]S1 & ,DEUT]ONOMY4 

,ON ! M\NTA9S ( ,EBEL & ,G>IZIM1 :I* W]E E/IMAT$ TO BE MORE P[]FUL ?AN ! ,TEMPLE AT ,J]USALEM1 W]E RAIS$ ! PLACES ( ! CULT4 ,= !M1 ,Y,H,:1 ,GOD ( W> & CONQUE/1 HAD NOT ABOLI%$ ,EL1 ! FA!R1 FROM :OM HE ISSU$1 NOR ! TETRAD ?AT HE ORIG9ALLY =M$ ) HIS WIFE ,A/]A? 7,A/>O?1 ,A/>TE71 & !IR SONS & DAU<T]4 

,= ! ,SAM>ITANS1 TWO FEM99E DIV9ITIES SUBDU$ ! M]CILESS PATRI>* :OM ! ,JUDEANS CLAIM$ = !MSELVES4 ,SO IT WAS NOT BY *ANCE ?AT WOM5 OCCUPI$ A PREPOND]ANT PLACE 9 ! PHILOSOPHY ( ! PHYSICIAN & PHILOSOPH] ,SIMON1 TO :OM ALL ! V>IETIES ( ,*RI/IANITY -- & ,CA?OLICISM 9 ITS TURN -- W\LD IMPUTE ! ORIG9 ( A ?\<T RADICALLY HO/ILE TO ! RELIGI\S SPIRIT4  
  

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,9 #gbb .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ,SAM>IA SUCCUMB$ TO ,ASSYRIAN 9VAD]S4 ,! POPULATION1 R$UC$ TO S]VITUDE1 TOOK ! ROAD ( EXILE4 ,!NCE=?1 =EIGN]S REIGN$ OV] ! T]RITORIES ?AT ! LEG5D>Y ,MOSES DECRE$ 0! ,PROMIS$ ,L&0 & 9TO :I* ,JO%UA L$ HIS PEOPLE4 

,9 #ehf .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ,NEBU*ADNEZZ> SEIZ$ ! K+DOM ( ,JUDEA1 RAZ$ ! ,TEMPLE & DE/ROY$ ,J]USALEM4 ,AMONG ?OSE :O SURVIV$1 ! NOTABLES & RI* PEOPLE W]E L$ AWAY AS SLAVES & 0!RE ONLY REMA9$ V]Y FEW PEOPLE .<444.>4 ,! HI/ORIANS DESIGNATE COMMUNALLY UND] ! NAME ( ,JUDAISM ! =M TAK5 BY ! RELIGION ( ! ,JEWI% PEOPLE AFT] ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,FIR/ ,TEMPLE & ! CAPTIVITY 9 ,BABYLON40.<#a#g.> 

,?IS DEFEAT -- ! FIR/ 9 A LONG S]IES -- AT ! SAME TIME BR\<T =? AN APOLOGY AS DESP]ATE AS IT WAS FR5ZI$ FROM ! ALL-P[]FUL ,GOD1 AS WELL AS AN EXAC]BAT$ FEEL+ ( COLLECTIVE GUILT4 ,AT EA* REV]SAL1 ! LITANY ( W&]+ PROPHETS EXALT$ ! GR&EUR ( ,Y,H,:1 GO+ OV] & OV] AGA9 9 ! PSALMIC FA%ION ! CALL+ ( ! ,JEWI% PEOPLE TO DOM9ATE ! WORLD & TO PROVE 9 ITS HE>T ! JU/ EXPIATION ( ITS LACK ( FAI?4 

,?US1 BIBLICAL MY?OLOGY RES\NDS ) HYMNS TO EXPANSIONI/ BRAGG+ AS MU* AS 79 C\NT]PO9T7 IT TAKES (F5SE AT ! S\R H>MONIES ( A GUILT ?AT IS 5DLESSLY H>P$ UPON4 ,! BEAT+ ( GUILT RHY?MS ! ,BIBLE & ! FLUTT]+ ( ! W+S BROK5 BY ,HEBRAIC P[]4 

,)\T TOO MU* DIFFICULTY1 POLY!ISM REVOK$ ONE OR ! O!R ( ! DIV9ITIES :O W]E 9CAPABLE ( SATISFY+ ! PRAY]S ?AT W]E ADDRESS$ TO !M4 ,DOES ! SUPPLICANT NOT D>E TO ?REAT5 VEXATORY MEASURES TO ! GOD :O MALADROITLY DOES HIS JOB8 ,BUT :5 IT IS A QUE/ION ( A UNIQUE ,GOD1 ! FA!R ( A NATIONAL FAMILY :OSE *ILDR5 MU/ FE>1 TREMBLE1 V5]ATE & LOVE1 AS WELL444 ,BECAUSE ,Y,H,: W\LD MULTIPLY ! ,*OS5 ,PEOPLE AS MU* AS !RE >E GRA9S ( S& BY ! SEA2 HE W\LD GU>ANTEE TO !M A PROSP]ITY )\T P>ALLEL2 ALL PEOPLES W\LD 9CL9E !MSELVES BE=E ! GR&EUR ( ,ISRAEL & W\LD S]VE IT )\T A MURMUR4 ,?AT HI/ORY CONT9UES TO RU9 ! PROMISE ( SU* A BRILLIANT GLORY -- ?IS IS NOT :AT EMB>RASSES ! BELIEV]1 :O IS LITTLE DISPOS$ TO ACCUSE ! JU/ & T]RIBLE ,Y,H,: ( P]JURY1 P[]LESSNESS OR P]V]SITY4 

,NO1 IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! GUILTY ONES W]E ! ,JEWS !MSELVES1 UNWOR?Y M51 :O -- BY !IR SPLIT BETWE5 ! K+DOMS ( ! ,NOR? & ( ! ,S\? -- PR(AN$ ! H]ITAGE ( ,DAVID1 :ILE ! WEAKNESS ( !IR ZEAL DREW D[N ! JU/ WRA? ( ! ,LORD4 ,! CRUELE/ ( 5EMIES -- ! ,BABYLONIANS1 ,P]SIANS1 ,GREEKS & ,ROMANS -- WOVE BETWE5 ! H&S ( ! ,ET]NAL ! NET ( UNHAPP9ESS & R$EMPTION4 ,BECAUSE1 IF ! *ILDR5 ( ,ISRAEL AM5D$ !MSELVES1 RESIGN$ !MSELVES1 GRACI\SLY1 TO MIS=TUNE ) A MORBID JOY -- CLAIM+ !IR UN%AKABLE CONFID5CE 9 ! FIRE ( ! ORDEAL -- !N DIV9E M]CY W\LD BR+ D[N UPON !M HIS P]PETUAL GRACE4 ,SU* IS ! ESS5TIAL MESSAGE ( ! BIBLICAL PROPHETS & ! SACRALIZ$ TEXTS2 M5 >E 9VIT$ TO COV] !MSELVES ) IMPRECATIONS SO AS TO R$EEM ! 9CONGRU\S CONDUCT ( A ,GOD :OM1 HAV+ *OS5 TO OV]:ELM AN EM]G+ EMPIRE ) OPPROBRIUM1 NO LONG] HESITAT$ TO ANNIHILATE ! UNIV]SE ?AT HE CREAT$4 

,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ?IS IS A UNIQUE PH5OM5ON 9 HI/ORY -- A ,/ATE1 POSSESS$ BY AN 9V9CIBLE ,GOD & DISPOSSESS$ ( ANY VICTORY1 9 :I* G]M9AT$ ! PROJECT ( A UNIV]SAL !OCRACY1 A MILL5NIUM SANCTIFY+ ! E>?1 A HOLY W> 9 :I* ! COMBATANTS HAVE NO >MS O!R ?AN ! TE>DROPS ( !IR BODIES TO CONFRONT ! 5EMY4 

,ONCE MORE1 IT WAS 9 ,SAM>IA ?AT1 AGA9/ ,YAHWI/ 9TRANSIG5CE1 !RE EM]G$ ! DUALISM ?AT OPPOS$ A GOOD ,GOD1 UNKN[ABLE1 UNGRASPABLE & NOT ( ?IS WORLD1 TO ! ,GOD ( W>1 ! ,DEMIURGE1 CREATOR ( A BAD WORLD2 :I* WAS AN IDEA LAT] ADOPT$ BY ,*RI/IANITY ( ! ,NAZ>5E TYPE1 AS WELL AS BY ! H$ONI/IC GNO/ICS ( ! ,C>POCRATIAN S*OOL4  
  

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,:]E ! POLITICAL & MILIT>Y DEVELOPM5T ( ,JUDEA 5DS1 !RE BEG9S ! MY? ( RELIGI\S IMP]IALISM4 

,A V]ITABLE CURS$ SAGA1 REMODEL+ ! MO/ ANCI5T TEXTS1 9SCRIB$ ITSELF ON ! /EPS ( ! ,TEMPLE SACK$ BY ! ,BABYLONIANS4 ,= PA/ H]OES IT HAD ! 0,JUDGES10 PRIE/S & W>RIORS *>G$ ) LEAD+ ! HOLY W> 9 ! NAME ( ,Y,H,:4 ,!Y W]E HELP$ -- & H]E !RE WAS ! H]ITAGE & RECUP]ATION ( ! PRE-,YAHWI/ CULTS -- BY WOM51 PROPHETESSES1 SU* AS ,DEBORAH1 :O COMM&$ ! TRIBES ( ! NOR?4 ,! NAZIRS .<NONBELIEV]S.>1 ASCETICS & COMBATANTS DEVOT$ TO ,GOD -- ,SAMSON1 = EXAMPLE -- COMPOS$ ! %OCK TROOPS4 

,! TRADITIONAL RIVALRY BETWE5 ! TEMPORAL PR9CE & ! PRIE/ %[S ?R\< 9 ! FATE RES]V$ = K+S3 HONOR$ 9 ! N>RATIVE BOOKS .<( ! ,BIBLE.>1 !Y W]E %AM$ 9 ! PROPHETIC BOOKS & ! ,PSALMS4 ,= ! FANATICS ( HOLY W>1 ,GOD IS K+ & HAS NO NE$ TO LEAD HIS PEOPLE TO ! TYPE ( VICTORY WON BY A HEAD ( /ATE4 ,NEV]!LESS1 IT HAPP5S ?AT A P>TICUL>LY PI\S K+ DRESS$ UP 9 ! TRAITS ( A SA9T & WAS CALL$ ,MESSIAH1 0ANO9T$ BY ! ,LORD10 :I* ! ,GREEKS TRANSLAT$ AS ,*RI/OS4 

,ELI & ,ELISE PROPAGAT$ ! CULT ( ,Y,H,: 9 ! T[NS & C\NTRYSIDES AGA9/ ! SECT>IANS ( ,BAAL & ! ANCI5T GODS4 ,J]EMIAH1 AG5T ( ! ,ASSYRIAN P>TY AGA9/ ,EGYPT1 PREA*$ ! USELESSNESS ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,NEBU*ADNEZZ>4 ,HE PLAC$ ! /UBBORN DEF5SE ( RELIGION ABOVE POLITICAL PREOCCUPATIONS1 AS IF ! UNQUE/IONABLE SUPREMACY ( ,GOD IMPLI$ ! 9FALLIBLE GR&EUR ( PEOPLE AMONG :OM GR[+ MIS]Y WAS ONLY ! SECRET SIGN ( A TRIUMPH ?AT WAS ALL-!-MORE ASSUR$ BY ITS DELAYS 9 MANIFE/+ ITSELF ON ! D]ISORY LEVEL ( HUMAN TEMPORALITY4 

,UND] ! ,ROMAN OCCUPATION1 ! ,PH>ISAIAN P>TY W\LD NOT ACT O!RWISE1 COLLABORAT+ ) ! 5EMY = ! GREATE/ GLORY ( ! ,GOD :O TE/$ IT4 ,SITUAT+ ITSELF UND] ! ET]NAL GAZE ( ! DIV9ITY1 ! SPIRIT ( ,JUDAISM BECAME AHI/ORICAL4 ,PROPHETS & H]OES *ANG$ NAMES & DATES BY REMA9+ ! SAME4 ,ADAM1 ,MOSES1 ,JO%UA1 & ,ESAIE DID NOT 5D UP BE+ PRES5T AT EV]Y MOM5T4  
  

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,>\ND #ee .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ! ,BABYLONIAN EMPIRE C\LD NOT RESI/ ! ASSAULT ( ! ,P]SIANS4 ,9 #ecf .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ,CYRUS ALL[$ ! ,JEWS TO RETURN TO !IR NATIVE L& & RECON/RUCT ! ,TEMPLE4 ,ONLY ! POORE/ REMA9$ 9 ,PALE/9E4 ,MANY EXILES 5RI*$ !MSELVES 9 ,ASSYRIA & ,BABYLON AS M]*ANTS1 5TREPR5EURS & BANK]S -- TO ,NIPP\R1 ! ,MURA%U BANK (F]$ A P]FECT EXAMPLE ( ! SUCCESSFUL ,JEW4 ,!Y .<! ,JEWS.> FELT !MSELVES TO BE AMONG !IR CORELIGIONI/S1 RE-GR\P$ 9 LITTLE COMMUNITIES4 

,?US1 !RE BEGAN ! PH5OM5ON ( PACIFIC EXPANSION -- A MIX ( =CIBLE EXILE & VOLUNT>Y EMIGRATION -- ?AT ! ,GREEKS W\LD GIVE ! NAME DIASPORA4 

,! DIASPORA (F]$ ! P>TICUL>ITY ( F\ND+ ! ,JEWI% BRAN*-(FICES ?AT CON/ITUT$ SO MANY 5CLAVES ( MONO!I/IC ,JUDAISM 9 GOYIS*E T]RITORY4 ,! !OLOGY CLOS$ (F FROM ! AGR>IAN MY? D\BL$ ITSELF ?ANKS TO ! SPIRITUAL OV]TURE ?AT IMPLI$ COMM]CIAL PRACTICE & ! CIRCULATION ( COMMODITIES4 

,IMPLANT$ 9 POLY!ISM1 ! SYNAGOGUE REPRES5T$ ! ,TEMPLE ( ,J]USALEM1 BUT WAS DIS5TANGL$ FROM ! SAC]DOTAL DESPOTISM ( ! ,SADDUCEANS & CONSEQU5TLY MORE RECEPTIVE TO RELIGI\S 9NOVATIONS4 ,?IS IS ! PLACE :]E ! ,PH>ISAIAN P>TY & ! DIV]SE ,ESS5O-,*RI/IAN T5D5CIES CONFRONT$ EA* O!R 9 ! ,FIR/ ,C5TURY4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,! 5D ( EXILE DID NOT 9VOLVE ! REE/ABLI%M5T ( A MON>*Y4 ,UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,P]SIANS1 ! ,JEWI% /ATE TRANS=M$ ITSELF 9TO A !OCRACY4 ,! ,GREAT ,PRIE/ ( ,J]USALEM DIRECT$ A SAC]DOTAL BUREAUCRACY ?AT1 LEAD+ A DISSOLUTE EXI/5CE1 EMPLOY$ ITSELF 9 COLLAT+ & REVIS+ ! ANCI5T TEXTS1 ( :I* ! CORPUS W\LD SANCTIFY ! UNITY ( ! NATION UND] ! %EPH>D'S CROOK ( ! SUPREME ,GOD1 ! ONLY ONE CALL$ UPON TO REIGN OV] ! WORLD ?AT HE HAD CREAT$4 ,! 5D ( ! P[] RIVALRIES 9 ! LEAD]%IP CA/E W\LD1 MU* LAT]1 PRODUCE ! ,SADDUCEAN P>TY1 CONS]V] ( OR?ODOXY 9 ! K+DOM ( ,JUDEA ?AT CLAIM$ A MONOPOLY OV] ,JUDAISM4 

,! PEOPLE ( ! ,TEMPLE1 = :OM RAPACITY WAS MAT*$ ) A RITUALISM ?AT REPLAC$ FAI?1 SOMETIMES RESPOND$ ) ! 9DIFF]5CE & PASSIVITY ( ?OSE :O SUBMITT$ TO DESPOTISM1 & O!R TIMES ) AN \TBUR/ ( RELIGI\S VEHEM5CE1 APPEALS TO PURIFICATION1 MORTIFICATION & ASCETICISM PROPAGAT$ BY ! PROPHETS :O W]E PROMPT$ TO 9FLAME ! LAT5T REVOLT ( ! >TISANS1 SMALL M]*ANTS & PLEBEIANS4 ,BY ! REVELATIONS OR 0APOCALYPSES0 7AS ! ,GREEKS SAY7 ( ! FANATIC ILLUM9ATI :O ANN\NC$ 9 A GREAT CRY ! IMM95CE ( ! 5D ( TIME & EASILY GA9$ ! ADHESION ( !SE CR[DS 9 :I* %OEMAK]S1 C>P5T]S1 WOODWORK]S & BAK]S DID NOT DISDA9 FROM PLAY+ ! ,RABBI & L5D+ TO !IR CLAIMS ! *EAP F9]Y ( RELIGI\S SPECULATION4 ,SU* W\LD BE ! F]M5T ( ! FUTURE SECTS4 

,FROM BE=E #de .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ! OLD ,SAM>ITAN S*ISM 5G5D]$ DISSID5CES ) ,YAHWEHISM4 ,! ,LETT]S FROM ,ELEPHANT9E 7,ASS\AN71 RE-WRITT5 ON ! OCCASION ( A FRONTI] SKIRMI% BETWE5 ,ISRAELI M]C5>IES 9 ! S]VICE ( ! K+ ( ! ,P]SIANS & ! ,EGYPTIANS1 %[$ ! IMPORTANCE TO ! ,FIF? ,C5TURY ( ! RELIGIONS DI/9CT FROM ,JUDEAN MONO!ISM4.<#a#h.> ,ONE HONOR$ IT 9 ! ,GOD ,IAO1 D]IV$ FROM ,EL BUT SEEM+LY DIFF]5T FROM ,Y,H,:4 ,SOMETIMES CONFUS$ ) ! DEMIURGE ,IALDABAO?1 ,IAO W\LD BE 9VOK$ MU* LAT] BY MANY ,GNO/IC SECTS1 9CLUD+ ! ,SE?IANS4 ,HIS NAME F\ND ITSELF FREQU5TLY M5TION$ 9 ! MAGICAL CONJURATIONS1 RITUALS ( SPELLS1 NOTEBOOKS ( EXECRATION1 & TALISMANIC /ONES CALL$ ABRAXAS4 ,& ALSO CELEBRAT$ ! GODDESS ,ANA? ,BE!L1 FROM :OM ! MY/]I\S ,B>BELO ( ! NON-,*RI/IAN ,GNO/ICS MAY HAVE ISSU$4 ,ASSIM ,BE!L1 *ILD ( ,IAO & ,ANA?1 ALREADY PASS$ = ! ,SON ( ,GOD4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,9 #d .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ! ,P]SIAN EMPIRE CRUMBL$ UND] ! P[] ( ! ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & CULTURAL IMP]IALISM ( ,GREECE4 ,9 #cca .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ! VICTORY ( ,ALEX&] M>K$ ! 5D ( ,P]SIAN DOM9ATION4 

,UPON ! DEA? ( ,ALEX&] 9 #cbc .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ! ,HELL5IC EMPIRE EXPLOD$1 ,EGYPT PASS$ 9TO ! H&S ( ,PTOLEMY1 & ,SYRIA & ,PALE/9E RAN AGR\ND AT ! ,SELEUCIDES4 

,IT WAS AT ?IS TIME ?AT ! ANT$AT$ BOOKS W]E DRAFT$ SO AS TO HALO !M ) ! PRE/IGE ( ANCI5T TIMES4 ,! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*1 TOO1 W\LD MOVE BACK ! DATES ( ITS CANONICAL ,GOSPELS = ID5TICAL REASONS4 

,DEUT]ONOMY1 FALSELY DAT$ BACK TO #fbb .<,B4,C4,E4.> & 9SPIR$ BY ! RETURN FROM ,BABYLON1 W\LD RE-DEF9E ITSELF 9 ! MORE ANCI5T FRAMEWORK ( ! EXODUS SO AS TO ACC5TUATE ! ROLE1 9 SOME S5SE RE-ACTUALIZ$1 ( ,MOSES1 >\ND :OM WAS RE/RUCTUR$ ! UNIT>Y MY? ?AT OP]AT$ 9 A SYN!SIS ( ! ?REE GREAT CURR5TS ( ?\<T3 ROYAL1 SAC]DOTAL & PROPHETIC4.<#a#i.> ,EZEKIEL1 :I* HAD BE5 PROJECT$ BACK BETWE5 #ehf & #ecf .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 PRES5T$ ITS H]OES AS IF !Y W]E PROPHETS & SAC]DOTES1 EV5 ?\< ! SAC]DOTAL FUNCTION DID NOT YET EXI/4 ,! PRIE/S DESCRIB$ W]E ID5TICAL TO ! 0,SONS ( ,SADOQ10 A SECT F\ND$ >\ND #c .<,B4,C4,E4.>4 ,! LA/ P>T ( ! ,BOOK ( ,EZEKIEL PROPOS$ A RELIGI\S & NATIONALI/ ES*ATOLOGY3 A GREAT RIV] FL[+ UND]NEA? ! ,TEMPLE SO AS TO IRRIGATE ! HOLY E>? :ILE ! F9AL /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,GOG1 ! 5EMY ( ,ISRAEL1 :OM ,TORREY ID5TIFIES ) ,ALEX&]4.<#b.> 

,! ,BOOK ( ,PROV]BS BETRAYS1 9 ITS FIR/ N9E *APT]S1 A ,HELL5IC 9FLU5CE3 SEV]AL TRAITS RECALL A BOOK BY AN ,EGYPTIAN .<CALL$.> ,! ,SAGE ( ,AM5OPE4 ,IT IS SIGNIFICANT ?AT1 LITTLE BY LITTLE1 ! C\NSELS ( POLIT5ESS & EV]YDAY CIVILITY DRESS$ !MSELVES UP 9 A RELIGI\S RITUALISM4 

,FAVOR$ BY ,HELL5IZATION1 ! POETIC BOOKS .<LES LIVRES SAPI5TAUX.> F\ND$ A TRADITION ?AT W\LD PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 ! ,SECOND ,C5TURY R$ACTION ( ! ,LOGIA1 ?AT IS1 ! REM>KS ATTRIBUT$ TO ,JO%UA_/,JESUS4 

,?R\< P]PETUAL RE-WRIT+1 ! CORPUS ( ! SACR$ BOOKS -- ! ,GREEK PLURAL N\N BIBLIA ?AT 5DS UP 9 ! S+UL> N\N ,BIBLE AS IF TO SUGGE/ ! IDEA ( A UNIQUE BOOK DICTAT$ BY ! UNIQUE ,GOD -- WANT$ TO BE A CELE/IAL MONUM5T D$ICAT$ TO ! ABSOLUTE P[] ( ,Y,H,:1 SCULPT$ ) BITT]NESS1 HATE1 D]ELICTION & MEGALOMANIA1 :I* SECRET$ A M9DSET RESIGN$ TO SUPPORT ! =EIGN YOKE & :I* DREW FROM SUFF]+ ITS REASON TO EXI/4 ,& ?IS BOOK HAS ONLY EV] REFLECT$ ! IGNOM9Y IMPOS$ ON ITS SCRIBES1 ! G5]ATIONS ?AT PROPOS$ IT AS A MODEL TO MORE ?AN HALF ! WORLD4 

,SADDUCEISM W\LD IMPUTE TO ! EPIC H]O ,MOSES ! C>E ( HAV+ PRESCRIB$1 9 ALL !IR DETAILS1 ! RITES1 CO/UMES1 FROCKS1 & OBJECTS ( ! CULT >\ND :I* ! SAC]DOTES MOV$1 9/ILL+ ! OMNIPRES5CE ( ,GOD 9 ! R\T9E ( GE/URES & COMPORTM5TS4 ,! MO/ ANCI5T TEXTS1 LEG5D>ILY ATTRIBUT$ TO ! SAME 0,FA!R10 W\LD ?US BE P]IODICALLY REVIEW$1 NAY1 CORRECT$ BY PROPHETS SU* AS ,DOSI!E1 :O1 9 ! MANN] ( MANY1 *>ACT]IZ$ HIMSELF AS ! 0NEW ,MOSES40 

,ANT$AT+ HIM AS WELL1 ! TEXT KN[N UND] ! NAME ,ESAIE ,I,I CONTA9S A P>T 5TITL$ 0,! ,SONGS ( ,S]VITUDE TO ,Y,H,:0 7#e-#e#c71 ! !ME ( :I* 9AUGURAT$ ! LEG5D ( ! SUFF]+ ,MESSIAH4 ,! ,S]VANT1 A MAN RESOLV$ TO SACRIFICE HIMSELF & DIE = ! SALVATION ( NATIONS1 WAS SCORN$ & MISUND]/OOD3 0,WE REJECT$ HIM1 WE DID NOT MAKE ANY?+ ( HIM4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !Y W]E \R SUFF]+S ?AT HE C>RI$ .<444.> ,! PUNI%M5T ?AT GAVE US PEACE FELL UPON HIM4 ,& IT WAS BY HIS BRUISES ?AT WE W]E CUR$0 7#e#c74 ,H]E APPE>$ = ! FIR/ TIME ! LIT]>Y PROTOTYPE ( ! 5VOY ( ,GOD :O DIES = ! SALVATION ( ALL4 ,! ,ESS5ES APPLI$ ?IS MODEL TO !IR ,MA/] ( ,JU/ICE1 :O WAS PUT TO DEA? >\ND #f .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 BE=E ! ,NAZ>5ES & !IR 5EMIES ( ! ,PAUL9E S*OOL 9VE/$ ! ,MESSIAH ?AT !Y CALL$ ,JO%UA & ! ,GREEKS CALL$ ,JESUS4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,5C\RAG+ ! REFUSAL ( OB$I5CE ( ,SAM>IA TO ,JUDEA1 ! ,GREEK OCCUPATION ALL[$ ! ,SAM>ITANS TO ]ECT 9 ! REGION ( ,EBAL & ,G>IZIM A TEMPLE DI/9CT FROM ! ONE 9 ,J]USALEM4 ,!Y ?US 5C\NT]$ 9 ! NOR? ! WELCOME ?AT ,JUDEA REFUS$ TO GIVE4 ,9 ,SAM>IA1 FROM ! CONJUNCTION ( ,JUDAISM & ,GREEK PHILOSOPHY WAS ?US BORN A ?\<T ORI5T$ >\ND ! KN[L$GE ( SELF & ! WORLD -- ,GNO/IC ?\<T -- ?AT TOOK ROOT AS MU* 9 RELIGI\S SPECULATION AS 9 A FEEL+ = LIFE ?AT REVOK$ ALL =MS ( RELIGION TO ! PR(IT ( A MAGIC H]METICISM1 NAY1 A SOMATIC ANALYSIS1 SU* AS ?AT ( ,SIMON ( ,SAM>IA4 

,SU* A SPIRIT ( MOD]NITY W\LD EASILY PROPAGATE ITSELF 9 ! COMMUNITIES ( ! DIASPORA1 9 ! ,JEWI% COLONIES ( ,MESOPOTAMIA1 ,EGYPT1 ,SYRIA1 ,ASIA ,M9OR1 ,ROME & ! ,GAULS4 

,FROM ! ,SAM>ITAN S*ISM D]IV$ ! SECTS ?AT OPPOS$ DIFF]5T CONCEPTIONS ( ,JUDAISM3 ,SADDUCEANS1 ,PH>ISAIANS1 ,ESS5O-,BAPTI/S :O W\LD =M ! ORIG9AL ,*RI/IANITY ?AT SPREAD ?R\<\T ! ,NAZ>EAN & ,EBIONI/ GR\PS4 

,! ,SAM>ITANS DID NOT RECOGNIZE ANY SACR$ TEXTS O!R ?AN ! ,P5TATEU* & ! BOOK ?AT ,JO%UA PROMIS$ TO A C]TA9 FUTURE UND] ! NAME ( ,JESUS4 ,! MANUSCRIPTS DISCOV]$ AT ,QUMRAN CONTA9$ SIMILITUDES ?AT ACCR$IT$ ! CLOSE RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ,SAM>ITANS & ! ,ESS5ES2 !Y DIFF]$ FROM ! ,MASORETIC TEXTS1 :I* W]E EXEGETICAL 5T]PRISES ON ! SACR$ BOOKS WRITT5 BY ,MASORETES OR ,JEWI% PHYSICIANS4 

,FROM #c TO >\ND #afe .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ! ,HELL5IZATION ( ,PALE/9E IMPREGNAT$ ! RELIGI\S LIT]ATURE ( A ?\<T ?AT WAS RADICALLY =EIGN TO ! ,JEWI% M9DSET4 ,TWO CIVILIZATIONS CLA%$3 ONE BAS$ ON AN AGR>IAN ECONOMY & ! COMM]CIAL ACTIVITIES ?AT SITUAT$ !MSELVES AT ! EXT]IOR ( ! FRONTI]S1 9 ! BRAN*-(FICES & COMMUNITIES BAS$ UPON AN 9TRANSIG5T MONO!ISM2 ! O!R1 ESS5TIALLY M]CANTILE1 PROPAGAT$ ITS LOGIC & RATIONALITY EV]Y:]E ?AT ITS SY/EM ( EX*ANGE P5ETRAT$4 

,NO?+ IS MORE ANTAGONI/IC ?AN ! MY?IC1 ANALOGICAL & AHI/ORICAL SPIRIT ( ! ,JEWS & ! ,GREEK ,LOGOS1 ! L9E> TIME ( ! HI/ORIANS1 ! USAGE ( SYLLOGISM1 ANALYSIS & SYN!SIS1 A REALITY 9 :I* ! ,GODS DREW !IR SPL5DOR FROM ! CAPRICI\S FACETS ( DE/9Y4 

,! ,9DO-,EUROPEAN /RUCTURE ( ! ,GREEK LANGUAGE V]Y IMP]FECTLY R5D]$ ,HEBRAIC IDIOMATICS1 ) ITS ATEMPORAL V]BS1 WORD PLAY1 MAGICAL S\NDS1 PHONETIC EQUIVAL5CES1 NUM]ICAL VALUES ATTRIBUT$ TO LETT]S -- ELEM5TS ?AT L5T TO ! PRE-EVANGELICAL MIDRA%IM SIGNIFICATIONS ?AT DEVELOP$ ! ,KABBALI/IC SPECULATIONS1 BUT ?AT1 ALL ?+S CONSID]$1 W]E A DEAD LETT] = ! ,GREEKS & 5D$ 9 MI/RANSLATIONS4 70,MIDRA%3 ,JEWI% 7OR ,SAM>ITAN7 EXEGESIS4 ,T]M D]IV$ FROM ! ,HEBREW ,D,R,S1 'TO LOOK1 TO SE>*4' ,AMONG ALL ! RABB9ICAL MIDRA%IM1 COMM5T>IES ON ! ,TORAH1 & !N ! ,BIBLE 9 ITS 5TIRETY1 IT IS FITT+ TO CITE ! ,MIDRA% ,RABBAH1 ! ,GREAT ,MIDRA%1 A ,HEBRAIC COMPILATION ( :I* C]TA9 PORTIONS DATE BACK TO AN EPO* MU* BE=E ! ,FIR/ ,C5TURY40.<#b#a.>7 

,AL?\< IT ATTE/S TO ! UNIV]SAL CURIOSITY ( ! ,GREEKS1 ! TRANSLATION ( ! SO-CALL$ 0,SEPTANTE0 7BECAUSE IT WAS LEG5D>ILY ATTRIBUT$ TO SEV5TY TRANSLATORS7 ( ! ,BIBLICAL TEXTS APPE>$ TO ! ,MASORETES & ,JEWI% PHYSICIANS AS A SACRILEGE & A BETRAYAL ( ! ,BIBLICAL MESSAGE4 ,IT IS H]E -- IT IS NOT USELESS TO SAY -- ?AT ,JO%UA F\ND HIMSELF1 = ! V]Y FIR/ TIME1 TRANSLAT$ BY ,IES\S1 ,JESUS4 

,AFT] ! ,ALEX&RIAN EPO*1 TWO LIT]>Y G5RES W]E DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$1 BUT BO? 5T]$ 9TO ! FABRICATIONS ( ! NOVELS AB\T ,JESUS3 ! 0WISDOM0 ?AT BORE ! /AMP ( ,HELL5IC MORALITY1 & ! 0APOCALYPSES0 OR 0REVELATIONS0 7PROPHECIES ?AT W]E HO/ILE TO ! ,GREEKS & !N TO ! ,ROMANS7 ?AT W]E ROOT$ 9 ! ,HEBRAIC MY? ( ! ALL-P[]FUL ,GOD1 = :OM PUNI%M5TS W]E ! WAGES ( LOVE & R$EMPTION4 

,ISSU+ PR9CIPALLY FROM ,EGYPT1 0WISDOM0 ,HELL5IZ$ ITSELF 9 ,PALE/9E ?R\< TWO TEXTS HEAD$ = A GREAT RADIANCE3 ,! ,WISDOM ( ,JESUS B5 ,SIRA OR1 MORE PRECISELY1 ,WISE ,9/RUCTION & ,PROV]BS POLI%$ BY ,SIMEON1 SON ( ,JESUS1 SON ( ,ELEAZ>1 SON ( ,SIRA4 ,AL?\< ! ,PH>ISIANS EXCLUD$ IT FROM !IR CANON1 ! ,TALMUD CITES IT NE>LY #h TIMES4 ,! ,CA?OLICS W\LD MAKE IT ONE ( !IR BOOKS ( PR$ILECTION UND] ! TITLE ?AT WAS IMPOS$ >\ND #be .<,C4,E4.> BY ! ,BI%OP ( ,C>?AGE1 ,CYPRIAN3 ! ,ECCLESIA/ICUS LIB]1 9 ,FR5*1 ! ,ECCLESIA/ICS4 7,NOT TO BE CONFUS$ ) ! ,QOHELET1 0,HE :O SPEAKS 9 ! ASSEMBLIES10 CALL$ ,ECCLESIA/ES BY ! ,CA?OLICS -- 9 ,GREEK1 0ASSEMBLY0 IS EKKLESIA1 ,*UR* -- 1 A TEXT FROM ! ,F\R? ,C5TURY BE=E ! ,*RI/IAN ]A ?AT COMMUNICAT$ UNUSABLE BANALITIES AB\T ! BITT] DE/9Y ( MAN & ! IGNOM9Y ( WOMAN47 ,! EPI/LE FALSELY ATTRIBUT$ TO ,JACOB BORR[S FROM IT A GREAT NUMB] ( EXPRESSIONS2 ?US ! ,LOGIA W]E ATTRIBUT$ TO ,JESUS2 ,SIMEON1 :O BECOME ,SIMON-,PET]1 ALSO FIGUR$ 9 !M4 

,AN E>LY ,HEBREW MANUSCRIPT FROM ! ,EI<? ,C5TURY .<,B4,C4,E4.> WAS EXHUM$ 9 #ahif FROM ! G5NIZAH 7A RES]VE 9 :I* ! SACR$ BOOKS ?AT W]E NO LONG] US$ W]E /OR$7 9 A SYNAGOGUE 9 ,CAIRO4 ,! AU!NTICITY ( ! TEXT WAS CONFIRM$ BY ! DISCOV]Y1 9 #a#i#f#d1 AT ,MASADA -- ! HI< PLACE ( ! ,ZEALOT RESI/ANCE TO ! ,ROMANS -- ( A SCROLL ?AT CONTA9$ IMPORTANT FRAGM5TS 9 !IR ORIG9AL ,HEBRAIC V]SIONS4 7,YADIM SITUATES ! R$ACTION ( ! TEXT 9 ! PRE-,H]ODIAN P]IOD1 >\ND #d .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 BETWE5 ,ESAIE ,I & ! ,MANUAL ( ,DISCIPL9E4.<#b#b.>7 ,! WORK WAS ATTRIBUT$ TO ,RABBI ,SIRA 7>\ND #ai .<,B4,C4,E4.>74 ,HIS Y\NG SON ,JO%UA_/,JESUS HAD IT TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,GREEK >\ND #aag .<,B4,C4,E4.> 

,9 ! ]A ( ,RABBI ,SIRA1 ! ,SELEUCIDES -- MA/]S ( ,SYRIA & ,PALE/9E -- ATTEMPT$ TO BREAK ! MONO!I/IC RIGOR ( ! ,JEWS BY =C$ ,HELL5IZATION4 ,9 #afe .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ! REVOLT L$ BY ,MATTA?IAS ,MACCABEE & HIS SON1 ,JUDA1 DEMON/RAT$ ONE MORE TIME ?AT ,/ATE TYRANNY NEV] PUTS AN 5D TO RELIGI\S TYRANNY1 BUT RE9VIGORATES IT ) ! SAME AU?ORIT>IAN PR9CIPLES ?AT MU/ DE/ROY IT4 ,9SURRECTION W\LD (F] A MODEL ( H]OIC & DESP]ATE HOL9ESS TO ! /RUGGLE ?AT ! ,ZEALOTS -- ON ! 9ITIATIVE ( ,JUDA ( ,GAMALA & HIS TWO SONS1 ,JACOB & ,SIMEON -- W\LD MU* LAT] CONDUCT AGA9/ ! ,ROMANS4 

,BY PROHIBIT+ ! EX]CISE ( ! CULT 9 ! ,TEMPLE1 ! ,SELEUCIDE ,K+ ,ANTIO*US ,I,V ,EPIPHANE 7#b#a#e-#a#f#c .<,B4,C4,E4.>7 SUCCE$$ 9 CONV9C+ ! ,JEWS ( ! VANITY ( T]RE/RIAL EMPIRES & ! 9T]E/ ( CELE/IAL KN[L$GE1 ! IMM95CE ( :I* PROPHETIC AGITATION PROCLAIM$4 

,! AU?OR ( ! ,WISDOM DID NOT REJECT ,HELL5ISM1 BUT /ROVE -- LIKE ,PHILO ( ,ALEX&RIA1 BUT MU* LAT] -- TO ASSIMILATE IT 9TO ,JUDAISM4 ,HIS FAI? 9 ! F9AL VICTORY ( ! ,*OS5 ,PEOPLE WAS NOT REJECT$ BY ! LUM9>IES ( ,GREEK ?\<T4 

,! TRUE SON ( ,ISRAEL WAS A SAGE4 ,WISDOM .<SAGESSE.> W\LD SAVE IT1 BECAUSE 0HE :O SEIZES ! ,LAW RECEIVES WISDOM0 7#a#e1 #a74 ,CR[N+ MESSIANIC HOPE1 SOPHIA 7WISDOM7 PLAY$ ! ROLE ( GREAT M$IATOR BETWE5 ,GOD & MAN3 0,%E APPE>S AS A MO!R1 LIKE A VIRG9AL WIFE %E WELCOMES HIM1 %E N\RI%ES HIM ) ! BREAD ( PRUD5CE1 %E GIVES HIM ! WAT] ( WISDOM TO DR9K40 

,! ,GREEK WORD ,SOPHIA1 :I* TRANSLATES ! ,HEBREW WORD ,HO*MA & ! ,>AMAIC WORD ,A*AMO? -- TWO FEM99E T]MS ?AT ALSO DESIGNAT$ ! ,SPIRIT -- ASSUM$ A CONSID]ABLE IMPORTANCE 9 ! ,ESS5O-,*RI/IAN GNO/ICISMS & ! H$ONI/IC CURR5TS 9 :I* FIGUR$1 UND] A GREAT V>IETY ( NAMES & =MS1 ?AT :I* PROVIDES SALVATION TO M54 ,WIFE1 MO!R & VIRG91 ,SOPHIA WAS AT ! ORIG9 ( ,MYRIAM-,M>Y1 ! VIRG9 MO!R & H] COMPANION ,M>Y ( ,MAGDALA 7AS PRES5T$ 9 ! ,GOSPEL ATTRIBUT$ TO ,?OMAS71 BUT ALSO ! ,HOLY ,SPIRIT DESC5D$ UPON ! ,MESSIAH4 

,DRAFT$ >\ND #e .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ! ,WISDOM ( ,SOLOMON ALLI$ ) ,JUDEO-,GREEK ?\<T A MAGICAL CONCEPTION ?AT W\LD BE KN[N 9 ! ,H]METIC CURR5T & W\LD BECOME ALL ! RAGE1 9 P>TICUL>1 9 ,ALEX&RIA4 ,FLAVIUS ,JOSEPH RECALLS 9 ,JUDAIC ,ANTIQUITIES ?AT 0,GOD EV5 ACCORD$ TO HIM .<,SOLOMON.> ! COMPREH5SION ( ! >T AGA9/ DEMONS 9 ! S]VICE ( ! USEFULNESS & HEAL+ ( M54 ,HAV+ COMPOS$ 9CANTATIONS ?ANKS TO :I* SICKNESS IS RELIEV$1 HE LEFT BEH9D ! EXORCISM =MULAS BY :I* ! POSSESSOR *ASES AWAY ! DEMONS SO ?AT !Y MAY NEV] RETURN40.<#b#c.> 

,AN EXTRACT FROM ! ,WISDOM ATTRIBUTES TO ,SOLOMON ! KN[L$GE 0( ! P[] ( SPIRITS & ! ?\<T ( MAN1 V>IETIES ( PLANTS & ! VIRTUES ( ROOTS0 7#g1 #b74 

,ONE HAS WANT$ TO DETECT H]E ! IDEAS ( AN ,ESS5E COMMUNITY ( ! ,M>EOTIS ,LAKE1 :I* ,PHILO NAMES ,!RAPEUTES1 & IT IS TRUE ?AT ,JUDEO-,GREEK MAGIC IS NOT ABS5T FROM ! TEXTS ( ,QUMRAN4.<#b#d.> ,*RI/IAN ,GNO/ICISM ( ! ,FIR/ & ,SECOND ,C5TURIES 9CLUD$ ?AUMATURGIC GR\PS BY :I* ! DIV]SE EVANGELICAL NOVELS CONC]N+ ,JESUS W]E 9SPIR$1 SO AS TO DISGUISE !IR H]OES AS EXORCI/S1 HEAL]S & S*EM]S ( MIRACLES4 

,REJECT$ BY ! ,PH>ISAIAN SYNOD ( #h-#i1 ! ,WISDOM ( ,SOLOMON W\LD 5T] 9TO ! ,CA?OLIC CANON4 ,! ,PLATONISM 9 :I* ,BIBLICAL MY?OLOGY SEEM$ TO MELT LETS ONE GLIMPSE ! SUP]CESSION ( ,JUDAISM1 = :I* ! ,HELL5IZ$ ,*RI/IANITIES ( ! SECOND HALF ( ! ,SECOND ,C5TURY WORK$4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! HO/ILITY TO ,JUDAISM 9 ! 5C\NT] ) ,HELL5IZATION WAS EXAC]BAT$ ?R\< A MODE ( ORIG9AL EXPRESSION3 0REVELATION10 BETT] KN[N UND] ITS ,GREEK =M1 0APOCALYPSE0 -- A T]M ?AT MU* LAT] ASSUM$ ! MEAN+ 0UNIV]SAL CATA/ROPHE40 

,A CYCLICAL ?\<T ?AT CURLS >\ND 9 ! VIVID =E%ORT5+ ( BIR? & DEA?1 ! ORIG9 & ! 5D ( TIME1 ! ALPHA & OMEGA ( A WORLD CREAT$ SO AS TO ANNIHILATE ITSELF 9 ITS T]RE/RIAL =M & BE REBORN 9 A COSMIC BEYOND1 ! APOCALYPSE DRA9S 9 A SUDD5 RAGE ! MULTIPLE REASONS = F9I%+ ) AN EXI/5CE ?AT IS CONDEMN$ TO UNHAPP9ESS4 ,ITS SUICIDAL RESOLUTION HAS AV5G+ ACC5TS1 BECAUSE NONE ( ! P[]S W\LD ESCAPE FROM ! EGALIT>IAN LEVEL+ ( ! DEA? ?AT IT ANN\NCES4 ,OV] ! C5TURIES1 ! OPPRESS$ CREATURE W\LD DISCOV] 9 APOCALYPSE A PANACEA = ! MAL$ICTION ( 9JU/ICE1 ! 5D ( ! C5TURIES1 :I* F\NDS ! HOPE = ! ,GREAT ,NI<T & ! DAYS AFT] IT1 :I* S+4 ,IT IS ! SONG ( AN IMMOBILE HI/ORY1 FIX$ 9 ITS GLACIATION1 ?AT CAN ONLY %AKE .<LOOSE.> A TOTAL EXPLOSION4 ,BORN 9 ! RUPTURE ( >*AIC ,JUDAISM ) HI/ORY1 IT REAPPE>S EV]Y TIME ?AT HOPELESS OPPRESSION EXPLODES UND] ! BL[S ( A HOPELESS REVOLUTION4 

,JUDAIC & ,*RI/IAN LIT]ATURE CONTA9S #e APOCALYPSES4 ,TWO ( !M TW9KLE ) A P>TICUL> GLIMM] 9 ! SPECULATIVE TORR5T ?AT W\LD FURR[ ! HI/ORICAL L&SCAPE 9 :I* ,*RI/S & ,MESSIAHS PROLIF]AT$4 

,UND] ! NAME ( ! LEG5D>Y PATRI>* ,H5O*1 ! ,P>ABLES CONTA9 AN APOCALYPSE1 ! 9FLU5CE ( :I* M>K$ ! MY? ( ,JESUS AMONG ! ,*RI/IANS4 ,AT ! 5D ( AN ASC5SION ?AT LEADS HIM TO ! ,K+DOM ( ! ,HEAV5S1 ,H5O* SEES ! ,SON ( ,MAN1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ,ADAM1 & DISCOV]S HIS TRUE NATURE3 ! ,SON ( ,MAN COLLABORAT$ 9 ! CREATION ( ! WORLD AS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ,Y,H,:2 HE !N SITS AT HIS RI<T H& &1 AT ! 5D ( TIME1 :I* IS IMM95T1 HE RETURNS TO E>? TO DELIV] MANK9D FROM ITS PITIFUL CONDITION4 

,! ,APOCALYPSE ATTRIBUT$ TO ,DANIEL REFLECTS ! /RUGGLE ( RELIGI\S ,JEWS AGA9/ ! POLITICAL ,HELL5IZATION ( ,ANTIO*US ,I,V ,EPIPHANE4 ,BY AN >TIFICE ?AT BETRAYS LESS ( ! DELIB]ATE LIE ?AN A CYCLICAL VISION ( HI/ORY1 ?IS WORK ASPIR$ TO A PREVI\S EPO* & ?US =ESAW ! FUTURE4 ,! AU?OR ANT$AT$ ! PR$ICTION ( EV5TS ?AT 9 FACT TOOK PLACE UND] HIS [N EYES1 >\ND #afe .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 DUR+ ! REVOLT ( ! ,MACCABEE FAMILY & !IR P>TISANS1 ! DEF5D]S ( FAI?4 

,OBEY+ A MY?ICAL LOGIC1 ?US CON=M+ TO ! /RUCTURE ( ,HEBREW -- :I* H>DLY ACCORDS ) ! RATIONALITY ( ,GREEK1 :I* S9KS TO R5D] ,HEBREW -- ! RECITATION TRANSPOS$ ! POLITICAL SITUATION TO ! DIV9E PLANE4 ,MI*AEL1 ! *IEF ( ! ANGELS & ! PROTECTOR ( ,ISRAEL1 US$ HIS P[] TO SAVE HIS PEOPLE4 ,! VISION>Y PROPHESIZ$ ! RU9 ( F\R GREAT OPPRESSIVE EMPIRES3 ! ,BABYLONIAN1 ! ,ASSYRIAN1 ! ,P]SIAN & ! ,GREEK4 ,! EFFECTIVE DISAPPE>ANCE 9 #afe .<,B4,C4,E4.> ( ! FIR/ ?REE1 ( C\RSE1 AUGUR$ ! RU9 ( ! F\R?1 & REVIV$ ! >DOR ( ! COMBATTANTS BY DEMON/RAT+ ?AT ,GOD W\LD NEV] SURR5D] HIS PEOPLE TO AN IMPI\S DOM9ATION4 ,! FACT ?AT 7ONCE AGA97 ! CRU%+ ( ! ,JEWI% 9SURG5TS ?REW A BITT] %AD[ ON ! AN!M 0! TIME IS NE> = ,HIS P[] & ,HIS JU/ICE TO RE/ORE ,ISRAEL TO ITS GLORY0 DID NOT EXHAU/ ! S\RCE ( A TYPE ( 9SPIRATION ?AT1 F> FROM BE+ DISC\RAG$1 WAS /IMULAT$ BY FAILURE4 

,! LA/ ,JEWI% APOCALYPSE W\LD ALSO BE1 UND] ITS H>%LY ,*RI/IANIZ$ =M1 ! ONLY ONE ?AT WAS RETA9$ BY ! ,CA?OLIC CANON1 DESPITE ?OSE :O FL\RI%$ UP TO ! ,SIX? ,C5TURY4 ,! ORIG9AL ,JEW 7LO/7 NO D\BT /IGMATIZ$ ! ,ROMAN POLITICS ( ,TIB]IAS1 :O FROM ! YE> #ai .<,C4,E4.> 5C\RAG$ ! POGROMS 9 ,ROME & PROHIBIT$ ! ,JEWI% RELIGION 9 ,ITALY4 

,! ,GREEK V]SION1 ATTRIBUT$ TO ,JOHN1 ADOPT$ ! S*EMA ( ALL ( ! REVELATIONS3 EVIL HAS P]TURB$ ! DIV9E ORD]2 ! REVELATION MEANS TO RE/ORE ?IS ORD] SO AS TO PROPAGATE ON E>? ! K+DOM ( ! HEAV5S & ! SA9TS4 ,! UNLEA%+ ( CALAMITIES S\NDS ! ANN\NC$ H\R ( ! ,DAYS ( ! ,SAVIOR1 ! EXT]M9ATION ( ! WICK$1 & ! GLORY ( ,J]USALEM4 ,! ]A ( PROSP]ITY1 PEACE & P>ADISICAL HAPP9ESS W\LD CO9CIDE ) ! TRIUMPH ( ! 0COMMUNITIES10 ! ,ESS5E *UR*ES4 

,BY CLAIM+ ?AT ONLY BL9D FAI? 9 ,GOD W\LD VANQUI% ! 5EMY1 ! ,APOCALYPSE ATTRIBUT$ TO ,DANIEL DRESS$ UP 9 DIV9E EMANATIONS ! MANIFE/O ( ! ,ASSIDEANS1 ! FANATICAL OBS]VANTS ( ,MOSAIC LAW & ! %OCK TROOPS ( ! ,MACCABEAN 9SURRECTION4 ,! ,APOCALYPSE T>DILY ATTRIBUT$ TO ,JOHN RES\NDS1 9 P>ALLEL FA%ION1 ) ! E*OES ( ! ,ZEALOT PROGRAM2 P]HAPS ! RAGE TO DE/ROY ,ROME WAS NOT =EIGN TO ! FIRE ( #fd .<,C4,E4.>1 :I* HAS BE5 SO UNREASONABLY IMPUT$ TO ,N]O4 

,! ,MACCABEAN W>S ALSO DATE ! ,PSALMS1 SONGS ( PRAISE TO ,GOD BY ! DEVOT$1 ! RHY?MS & REPETITIONS ( :I* >E OBEY$ ) C>E SO AS TO IMPREGNATE SPIRITS & COM=T FAI?4 

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