,*APT] #b ,DIASPORA & ,ANTI-,SEMITISM #aiicaiic ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM ,TEXT 3 ,*APT] #b3 ,DIASPORA & ,ANTI-,SEMITISM ,:ILE ! ,HEBREW WORD GAL\T 7EXILE7 WAS US$ 9 A !OLOGICAL P]SPECTIVE & IMPLI$ AN ES*ATOLOGY ( UPROOT+ & RETURN1 ! ,GREEK T]M DIASPORA REF]R$ TO AN HI/ORICAL PH5OM5ON3 ! DISP]SION ( ! ,JEWS ACROSS ! WORLD4 ,9 ! BEG9N+1 ! ,JEWS ( ,JUDEA & ,SAM>IA W]E *AS$ FROM ,PALE/9E BY A CONJURATION ( VIOL5CE & POLITICAL CON/RA9TS4 ,9 #gbb .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ,ISRAEL1 ! ,K+DOM ( ! ,NOR?1 FELL TO ! P[] ( ,BABYLON2 9 #ehf .<,B4,C4,E4.>1 ! ,K+DOM ( ,JUDEA SUCCUMB$ 9 ITS TURN4 ,A P>T ( ! POPULATION SUBMITT$ TO DEPORTATION1 DRAW+ FROM ITS UNHAPP9ESS ! HOPE ( A RETURN UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( A H]O *OS5 BY ,GOD SO AS TO HELP HIS PEOPLE1 SANCTIFI$ BY ORDEALS4 ,! REALITIES ( ! SITUATION1 H[EV]1 HAD ! UPP] H& OV] ! TORTU\S DESIGNS ( ,PROVID5CE4 ,MANY EXIL$ ,JEWS -- LITTLE CONC]N$ ) REGA9+ !IR HOMEL& BECAUSE !Y W]E LODG$ 9 COM=TABLE PLACES -- CREAT$ COMMUNITIES1 PRACTIC$ !IR CULT1 9/AURAT$ AMONG !M A POLITICS ( MUTUAL ASSI/ANCE 9 :I* ! AFFLU5T SUPPORT$ ! POORE/4 ,?US1 ! FIR/ ,DIASPORA BEGAN AS A VOLUNT>Y MOVEM5T ( DISP]SION4 ,IT ACC5T$ ITSELF AFT] ! CONQUE/ BY ,ALEX&]1 :5 ,PALE/9E -- 9S]T$ 9TO ! ,GREEK WORLD -- P>TICIPAT$ 9 ITS 9T5SE COMM]CIAL ACTIVITY4 ,! ,JEWS ?US PROPAGAT$ !MSELVES 9 REGIONS ?AT W]E SUBJECT$ TO ,PTOLEMY & ! ,SELEUCIDEANS1 ( :OM !Y W]E ! SUBJECTS4 ,TO ! COMMUNITIES LONG S9CE 9/ALL$ 9 ,EGYPT & ,BABYLON W]E ADD$ ?OSE ( ,SYRIA1 ,ASIA ,M9OR1 & SOON ! 5TIRE ,GRECO-,ROMAN ,EMPIRE4 ,! SECOND ,DIASPORA EXT5D$ FROM ! ,SECOND ,C5TURY BE=E ! ,*RI/IAN ]A TO ! BEG9N+ ( #ace .<,C4,E4.>1 :5 ,HADRIAN'S CRU%+ ( ! REVOLT ( ,B> ,KO*BA M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( A ?IRD & DRAMATIC EXODUS4 ,! FLAME ( P]SECUTION1 REVIV$ BY ! RELAPSES ( ,JUDAISM ?AT W]E EMBODI$ BY ! ,GRECO-,ROMAN ,*RI/IANS ( ! ,SECOND ,C5TURY & ! ,CA?OLICS ( ! ,F\R? ,C5TURY1 W\LD CONSUME ! ,JEWS ALL ! WAY TO ! ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ! ,SECOND ,C5TURY BE=E ! ,*RI/IAN ]A1 ! ,ASMONEAN DYNA/Y CEM5T$ DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS ) ,ROME1 :]E ! ,JEWI% COMMUNITIES W]E MULTIPLY+4 0,ONE W\LD NOT EASILY F9D10 WROTE ,/RABON1 :O LIV$ FROM #e#h787 TO #b#e787 ,B4,C4,E41 0A SPOT ON ! 9HABIT$ WORLD ?AT HASN'T GIV5 ASYLUM TO !SE PEOPLE & ?AT ISN'T MA/]$ BY !M40 ,& ,AGRIPPA1 9 A LETT] TO ,CALIGULA1 WROTE3 0,J]USALEM IS ! METROPOLIS NOT ONLY ( ! C\NTRY ( ,JUDEA1 BUT ( MANY O!RS DUE TO ! COLONIES ?AT IT HAS S5T \T1 ACCORD+ TO ! OCCASION1 9 NEI ,EGYPT1 ,PH5ICIA1 MANY P>TS ( ,ASIA1 AS F> AWAY AS ,BY?9IA1 EQUALLY 9 ,EUROPE1 ,!SSALY1 ,BEOTIA & ,MAC$ONIA40.<#b#e.> ,AS 9 ! MAJORITY ( ! GREAT T[NS ( ,S\? ,GAUL1 !RE W]E ,JEWS 9 ,LYON1 :]E1 MIX$ ) ,*RI/IANS ( ! ,NEW ,PROPHECY1 !Y W]E ! VICTIMS ( ! POGROMS ( #a#g#g4 ,! /ATUETTES 9 BAK$ E>? ?AT C>ICATUR$ ,JEWS ) CIRCUMCIS$ PHALLUSES -- :I* ATTE/ TO ! PRES5CE 9 ,TREVES1 >\ND #b#g#e1 ( A QUITE ANCI5T COMMUNITY -- W]E 9T5D$ TO /IR UP ANTI-,SEMITISM4 ,! ,JEWI% IMPLANTATIONS 9 ! T[NS EXPLA9S ! URBAN *>ACT] ( ,JUDEO-,*RI/IANITY & ! ,HELL5IZ$ & DE-JUDAICIZ$ ,*RI/IANITIES ?AT SUCC$$ !M4 ,?US ! 9SULT+ QUALIFICATION GOYIM1 :I* DESIGNAT$ NON-,JEWS 7NONBELIEV]S71 W\LD BE APPLI$ TO ! ANTI-,SEMITIC ,*RI/IANS ( ! ,SECOND ,C5TURY BECAUSE ( ! T[NS' SCORN = ! CONS]VATISM ( ! C\NTRYSIDE1 ?R\< ! USE ( T]MS SU* AS PAGANI1 0PEASANTS10 0HICKS10 0BUMPK9S10 &1 9 ,FR5*1 PAGANS4 7,)\T SCRUPLE1 HI/ORIANS HAVE ADOPT$ ! SCORN ?AT MONO!ISM N\RI%$ ) RESPECT TO POLY!ISM1 BY SPEAK+ ( PAGANS & PAGANISM47 ,AMONG ! POPULATION ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 ,JEWS CON/ITUT$ #g TO #a P]C5T ( ! TOTAL1 .<:I* WAS.> >\ND SIX MILLION PEOPLE1 A NUMB] ?AT EXCE$$ ! NUMB] ( 9HABITANTS 9 ,JUDEA4 ,9 ! ,FIR/ ,C5TURY ( ! ,*RI/IAN ]A1 ! ,JEWI% COLONY 9 ,ROME NUMB]$ #d1 TO #e1 PEOPLE2 IT POSSESS$ FIFTE5 SYNAGOGUES 9 :I* !RE (T5 GREW RIVAL SECTS1 ,SADDUCEANS1 ,PH>ISAIANS1 ,ESS5ES1 ,NAZ>5ES1 ,EBIONITES1 ,NAAS5ES1 ,SE?IANS & CONV]TS TO ,JUDAISM FROM ALL NATIONALITIES1 A DIV]SITY 9 :I* ! ,ZEALOT MOVEM5T & ITS T]RORI/IC /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,ROMANS W\LD 9TRODUCE TR\BLE4 ,= SIX C5TURIES1 ! PROPAGATION ( ,JUDAISM APPE>$ TO BE A =M ( CONQUE/4 ,9 A DIFF]5CE FROM FUTURE EPO*S1 :I* W]E HEAD$ = A DECREASE1 A V]Y ACTIVE PROSELYTISM MULTIPLI$ ! ADEPTS AMONG ! DOM9ANT CLASSES AS WELL AS 9 ! DISADVANTAG$ MILIEUS4 ,EXCIT$ BY MONO!I/IC 9TRANSIG5CE1 BY 9CESSANT NATIONALI/IC & EXTREMI/ REVOLTS1 ! HO/ILITY ( ! ,/ATE WAS ACC5TUAT$ UND] ,TIB]IAS & CULM9AT$ 9 ! SACK+ ( ,J]USALEM 9 #g & ! ANNIHILIATION ( ! ,JEWI% NATION 9 #a#c#e4 ,NEV]!LESS1 F\R C5TURIES LAT]1 ! POLITICAL PR9CIPLE ( MONO!ISM -- 0,ONE ,GOD1 ,ONE ,/ATE1 ,ONE ,NATION0 -- W\LD S$UCE ,ROMAN P[] AT ! 5D ( A LONG EVOLUTION ?AT W\LD SEE ! ,JEWS DESPOIL$ ( ! SACR$ TEXTS BY ! ,GRECO-,ROMAN ,*RI/IANITIES1 :I* W]E !MSELVES = ! MO/ P>T EXCLUD$ FROM ! ,ROMAN & ,BYZANT9E ,*UR*ES1 :OSE REIGN BEGAN 9 ,NICAEA 9 #cbe .<,C4,E4.> ,JEWI% ,PROSELYTISM & ,ANTI-,SEMITISM ,! ,BIBLE ( ! ,SEPTANTE .1 ! ,GREEK V]SION ( ! SACR$ TEXTS1 =M$ ! IRON LANCE ( ,JEWI% PROSELYTISM 9 ! ,GRECO-,ROMAN ,EMPIRE4 ,IT RESPOND$ TO A WILL = OP5+ TO ! WORLD ( ! GOYIM2 ,PH>ISAISM EXPRESS$ IT FIR/1 BE=E PITT+ ITSELF AGA9/ ! MOD]NISM ( C]TA9 ,JUDEO-,*RI/IAN SECTS ?AT1 NOT CONT5T TO REJECT ! SACRIFICES & PRIE/S ( ! ,TEMPLE 7AS ,ESS5ISM DID71 PUT 9TO QUE/ION ! HAIRSPLITT+ RITUALS ( ,MOSAIC LAW & ESPECIALLY CIRCUMCISION1 :I* WAS A MAJOR OB/ACLE TO CONV]SION4 ,JEWI% OR?ODOXY WASN'T DECEIV$2 IT HELD ! ,GREEK TRANSLATION TO BE A BETRAYAL ( ! SPIRIT & ! LETT] .<( ! LAW.>4 ,) ! ,BIBLE ( ! ,SEPTANTE1 A CIVILIZATION DOM9AT$ BY COMM]CIAL CAPITALISM SEIZ$ HOLD ( AN AGR>IAN CIVILIZATION1 :I* WAS WALL$ UP 9 ITS IMMOBILITY & ITS MY?ICAL ?\\ND #af ?AT !SE TEXTS HAD CEAS$ TO BELONG TO ! ,JEWS BECAUSE !Y W]E NO LONG] COMPREH5D$ BY !M8 ,= ! FIR/ TIME1 ,ADONAI BECAME ,KYRIOS1 ! ,SAVIOR2 ,JO%UA WAS TRANS=M$ 9TO ,JESUS2 & ,MESSIAH BECAME ,*RI/OS1 ,*RI/4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ,HELL5IZ$ ,JUDAISM DI/ANC$ ITSELF FROM ! ,JUDEAN TRADITION -- A T5D5CY ?AT ANTI-,JUDEAN ,ESS5ISM CLE>LY PREP>$ -- ,PH>ISAISM1 ! ONLY OR?ODOX ,JEWI% SECT ?AT SURVIV$ ! DISA/] ( #g .<,C4,E4.> -- TO 5GAGE A MOVEM5T ( FALL+ BACK ON ! TRADITIONAL BIBLICAL CORPUS1 ! ,TALMUD4 ,ATTACK$ FROM ALL SIDES1 ! ,PH>ISIAN COMMUNITY TOOK REFUGE 9 A DEF5SIVE ATTITUDE2 IT SURR\ND$ ITSELF ) DOGMATIC RAMP>TS1 BUT NOT )\T OP5+ ! GREAT W9D[ ( ,KABBALAH = ! COSMIC VISIONS ( ,GNO/ICISM4 ,HELL5IZ$ ,JUDAISM WAS EASILY ROOT$ 9 ,SAM>IA1 :]E ! OLD REFUSAL ( ,Y,H,: /ILL SMOLD]$4 ,FROM ! ,K+DOM ( ! ,NOR? W\LD RADIATE ! ,BAPTI/ ,DUN/AN_/,DOSI!E1 ,NAZORISM1 ,ESS5ISM1 & ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,SIMON1 0FA!R ( ALL H]ESIES40 ,ALEX&RIA1 ! HOT-B$ ( ]UDITION & CURI\S SPIRITS1 POSSESS$ AN IMPORTANT ,JEWI% COLONY4 ,GREEK ANTI-,SEMITISM OCCASIONALLY RELEAS$ UPON IT F]OCI\S POGROMS4 ,IT WAS A CRUCIBLE 9 :I* MIX$ & CLA%$ ! MO/ DIV]SE OP9IONS4 ,H]E !RE GU%$ -- ALONGSIDE A P[]FUL ,H]METIC CURR5T ?AT BREW$ ! MY/]IES ( ,EGYPT -- APOLOGETIC TEXTS SU* AS ! ,LETT] FROM ,ATI/EE1 ! ,F\R? ,BOOK ( ! ,MACCABEES1 ,FLAVIUS ,JOSEPH'S ,AGA9/ ,APIUS1 ! WORK ( ,PHILO 7:O LIV$ >\ND #b .<,B4,C4,E4.> TO #e .<,C4,E4.>71 9 :I* ,JUDAIC FAI? ABSORB$ ,GREEK WISDOM & WAS ABSORB$ BY IT4 ,EV5 IF ,PHILO KEPT TO ! HE>T ( ,J]USALEM1 A METROPOLIS & SPIRITUAL HOMEL&1 HIS CONCEPTION & LANGUAGE W]E ,GREEK4 ,PHILOSOPH] ( ! ,DIASPORA1 HE ?REW ! SE$S ( ,JUDAISM ON ! =EIGN SOILS :]E !RE AB\ND$ ! /ONES ( ANTI-,SEMITISM & :]E ANTI-,JUDEAN ,ESS5ISM HAD ALREADY BE5 CONFUS$ ) ,JUDEO-,*RI/IANITY4 ,FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,FIR/ ,C5TURY1 ! IDEA ( A R5EW$ & ,MOSAIC-LAW-R5EW+ ,JUDAISM CO9CID$ ) ! DYNAMISM ( A M>KET 9 FULL EXPANSION1 :]E ! RACKETE]+ ( ! ,DIASPORA ASSI/$ & BY TURNS COMPET$ ) ! PLACES ( ,GREEK & ,ROMAN BUS9ESS4 0,= A M]*ANT10 ,JOSY ,EIS5B]G WROTE1 0TO BE OR BECOME ,JEWI% IS ! ASSURANCE ( EASILY E/ABLI%+ BUS9ESS RELATIONS 9 A NUMB] ( C\NTRIES1 TO B5EFIT FROM A W>M WELCOME & GREAT HOSPITALITY4 ,= ! POOR1 BELONG+ TO ,JUDAISM CAN REPRES5T ! GU>ANTEE ( ASSI/ANCE & REGUL> AID .<444.> ,!RE >E 9 ,ALEX&RIA %IP[N]S & BANK]S ( GREAT ,JEWI% =TUNES4 ,BUT TO CONSID] ! 5TIRETY ( ! ,EMPIRE1 ! ,JEWI% POPULATION 9CLUDES A MAJORITY ( PEOPLE ( SMALL MEANS4 ,!RE >E MANY SLAVES AMONG !M4 ,TO ,ROME1 NEI!R ! ,TRA/EV]E NIE ,>\ND ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,?IRD ,C5TURY1 ! HI/ORIAN ,DION ,CASSIUS 7#a#e#e-#b#c#e .<,C4,E4.>7 ASK$ HIMSELF AB\T ! PH5OM5ON ( ,JEWI% EXPANSION3 0,FROM :5CE COMES ?IS D5OM9ATION8 ,I DO NOT KN[2 BUT IT COMES FROM ALL M51 EV5 ?OSE ISSU$ FROM O!R PEOPLES1 :O FOLL[ ! LAW ( ! ,JEWS4 ,?IS SPECIES EV5 EXI/S AMONG ! ,ROMANS4 ,MANY TIMES REPRESS$1 !Y HAVE ALWAYS M5D$ !IR =CES & 5D$ UP CONQU]+ ! RIS AFT] ! SUPPOS$ BIR? ( ,*RI/IANITY -- NO NOTABLE DIFF]5CE EXI/$ BETWE5 ,PH>ISAIANS & ,M>CIONITE ,*RI/IANS1 ,*RI/IANS ( ! ,NEW ,PROPHECY1 ,VAL5T9IAN ,*RI/IANS1 ,NAASSEANS1 ,SE?IANS & ,GNO/ICS ( ALL TYPES4 ,! DISCR$IT ?AT ATTA*$ TO MANY ( ! ANCI5T & MOD]N CULTS ?AT W]E PRACTIC$ 9 ! ,EMPIRE1 ! HONORS R5D]$ TO ,GOD AS WELL AS TO DESPOTS1 :I* (F]$ ! SPECTACLE ( ! ,JEWS' DEG5]ATION & FLAVOR$ !IR BLOODY CAPRICES ) !IR USUAL P[]LESSNESS TO IMPOSE A POLITICS COH]5T ) ! ,/ATE1 A D]ISION CONTRA/+ ) ! PROTE/ATIONS ( AU/]ITY & PATRIOTIC GR&EUR -- ALL .<( ?IS.> 9CIT$ NO/ALGIA = A UNITY 9 :I* RELIGI\S FAI? SECOND$ ! F]VOR ( ! CITIZ5RY1 ! *>M ( MY/]Y ALLI$ ) CALCULAT+ REASON1 !REBY ORD]+ A NEW M>RIAGE ( ! HEAV5S & E>?1 UNIT+ AUDACI\S & M]CANTILE MOD]NITY ) ! PRUD5T VIRTUES ( AGR>IAN CONS]VATISM4 ,JEWI% MONO!ISM EXACTLY PROPOS$ ! PR9CIPLE ( A UNITY F\ND$ ON A COMMUNITY PRACTICE DOM9AT$ BY SOLID>ITY4 ,! BUS9ESSM5 AS WELL AS ! POOR CLASSES ( ! T[NS DISCOV]$ A COMMUNAL 9T]E/4 ,! HI< BIR?-RATE -- JU/IFI$ BY ! FACT ?AT NOT HAV+ *ILDR5 0R$UCES ! IMAGE ( ,GOD0 -- 1 AFT] HAV+ FAVOR$ EMIGRATION FROM ,PALE/9E1 WORK$ 9 FAVOR ( ! RAPID DEMOGRAPHIC GR[? ( ! ,JEWI% COLONIES1 ( :I* ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC P[] GREW4 0,EV5 9 ! MASSES10 NOT$ ,FLAVIUS ,JOSEPH 9 ! ,FIR/ ,C5TURY1 0!RE HAD LONG BE5 A VIVID DESIRE = \R RELIGION1 & !RE ISN'T A S+LE ,GREEK OR B>B>IAN T[N 9TO :I* HAS NOT P5ETRAT$ ! PRACTICE ( ! ,SEV5? ,DAY .1 DUR+ :I* ONE RE/S & OBS]VES FA/+ & ! USAGE ( C&LES1 & MANY ( \R ALIM5T>Y PRESCRIPTIONS40.<#b#g.> ,IT IS1 NEV]!LESS1 ON ! REEF ( COMPLEX RITUALS ?AT ! PROSELYTISM ( ! ,JEWS W\LD RUN AGR\ND4 ,!IR 9TRANSIG5CE PROCE$$ FROM A CONS]VATISM ?AT WAS IRRECONCILIABLE ) ! ,GRECO-,ROMAN M9DSET4 ,! HI/ORY ( ,JUDEO-,*RI/IAN & E>LY ,*RI/IAN SECTS >TICULAT$ ITSELF ACCORD+ TO ! 9CESSANT VISIONS ( ,JEWI% MONO!ISM & ,MESSIANISM1 AS DICTAT$ BY ! NO/ALGIA = A ,/ATE-IFI$ ,GOD1 /RONG ) OB$I5CE FROM ! NATIONS4 ,ATTRACTIVE DUE TO ITS UNIT>Y DOCTR9E1 ! ,JEWI% RELIGION IRRITAT$ . BY ITS 9TOL]ANCE & FANATICISM4 ,! DE/RUCTION ( ! MONUM5TS ( O!R CULTS 9 ! NAME ( ,Y,H,:'S DISAPPROVAL ( IDOLATRY /IRR$ UP SC&AL & ! RACIAL HATR$ ( ! POGROMS4 ,FROM ! ,FIR/ ,C5TURY ONW>DS1 EV]Y:]E ?AT ,JEWI% COMMUNITIES 9/ALL$ !MSELVES1 9CID5TS & CONFLICTS DID NOT DELAY 9 EXPLOD+4 ,9 #ai .<,C4,E4.>1 ,TIB]IAS1 :O REIGN$ FROM #ad TO #c#h1 TOOK AS PRETEXT ! TR\BLES 9 ,ROME CAUS$ BY 0?REE EXTRAVAGANT DEVOT$ ,JEWS & A GREAT WOMAN CONV]T$ TO ,JUDAISM0 TO PROHIBIT ! ,JUDAIC CULT 9 ,ROME & ! 5TIRETY ( ,ITALY4 ,FOLL[+ ,MOMMS51 0?OSE :O DID NOT CONS5T TO PUBLICLY REPUDIATE !IR FAI? & ?R[ ! SACR$ VESSELS 9TO ! FIRE W]E *AS$ FROM ,ITALY1 UNLESS ONE DID NOT JUDGE !M SUITABLE = MILIT>Y S]VICE2 !Y W]E ?US 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! DISCIPL9$ COMPANIES1 BUT !IR RELIGI\S SCRUPLES L$ A GREAT NUMB] ( !M . BE=E ! C\NSELS ( W>40.<#b#h.> ,ROME1 :I* HAD UP TO #ai OBS]V$ ) RESPECT TO ,JUDAISM ! TOL]ANCE APPLI$ TO O!R RELIGIONS1 SUDD5LY US$ ANTI-,SEMITISM AS A DI/RACTION FROM ! REAL OR IMAG9>Y M5ACE ?AT ! FREQU5CY ( ,PALE/9IAN REBELLIONS PROPAGAT$ 9 ! ,LATIUM .4 ,)\T D\BT1 ! REPRESSION 9AUGURAT$ BY ,TIB]IAS WAS NOT =EIGN TO ! DECISION ( ! EVANGELICAL NOVELI/S TO SITUATE ! HI/ORICAL EXI/5CE ( ,JESUS UND] HIS REIGN4 ,:5 ,GAIUS1 ,TIB]IAS' SUCCESSOR1 /IRR$ UP ! GREAT POGROM 9 ,ALEX&RIA 9 #c#h1 ,PHILO DID NOT HESITATE 9 HIS ,9 ,FLACCUM TO CA/IGATE ! PASSIVITY ( ,FLACCUS & ,ROMAN P[]1 :I* HAD FAVOR$ ! ,GREEK P>TY1 SUP]IOR 9 NUMB]S TO ! ,JEWS4 ,9 A LETT] DAT$ #d#a1 ,EMP]OR ,CLAUDIUS ?REAT5$ ! ,JEWS ( ,ALEX&RIA ) *A/ISEM5T IF !Y DID NOT R5\NCE !IR SUBV]SIVE S*EMES4 ,HE ACCUS$ !M ( 0FOM5T+ A COMMUNAL NUISANCE TO ! 5TIRE UNIV]SE40 ,9 #d#i1 ?IS SAME ,CLAUDIUS *AS$ ! ,JEWS FROM ,ROME BECAUSE !Y HAD PROVOK$ TR\BLE !RE4 ,9 #f#d1 TAK+ ! BURN+ ( ,ROME AS A PRETEXT1 ,N]O ORGANIZ$ A POGROM ?AT (FICIAL ,CA?OLIC HI/ORY W\LD LAT] PRES5T AS ! FIR/ P]SECUTION ( ! ,*RI/IANS4 ,HATR$ = ! ,JEWS GREW AFT] ! 9SURRECTION 9 ,PALE/9E1 :I* 5D$ ! LONG GU]RILLA W>F>E ( ! ,ZEALOTS4 0,9 ! NEIEA1 ,ASKELON1 ,SKYTOPOLIS1 ,NIPPOS & ,GADAVA -- ! ,GREEKS MASSACR$ ! ,JEWS4 ,9 ,DAMASCUS #a1#e TO #a#h1 ,JEWS W]E PUT TO DEA?40.<#b#i.> ,O!R POGROMS W\LD TAKE PLACE 9 ,ALEX&RIA1 ,ANTIO*US & ,PELLA4 ,ALL ( ! P]SECUTIONS ( ! ,FIR/ ,C5TURY1 :I* ! ,CA?OLICS REGI/]$ 9 !IR M>TYROLOGIES ) A VIEW T[>DS ACCR$IT+ !IR LONG HI/ORY1 W]E 9 FACT POGROMS4 ,! REFUSAL TO 0SACRIFICE TO ! IDOLS10 SO FREQU5TLY RECALL$ 9 HAGIOGRAPHICAL LEG5DS1 BELONG$ PROP]LY TO ,JEWI% RELIGI\S OB/9ACY4 ,BY #c#h1 ,PHILO ( ,ALEX&RIA W\LD 9T]C$E ) ! ,EMP]OR 9 FAVOR ( ! ,JEWS :O REFUS$ TO R5D] HOMAGE TO HIS /ATUE4 ,UP TO ! ,?IRD ,C5TURY1 ! CATACOMBS W\LD S]VE AS ! SEPUL*] & REFUGE ( ! ,JEWS & SEV]AL TRULY ,NAASEAN ,GNO/ICS1 :OM ! IMP]IAL P[] HEMM$ 9 )\T DI/9CTION4 "9 "9 "9 ,MO/ FREQU5TLY1 ! REPROA*ES ADDRESS$ TO ! ,JEWS BY ,ROMAN MORALI/S EMPHASIZ$ IMPIETY1 :I* WAS ALLEG$ DUE TO ! ABS5CE ( PRIE/S1 & IMMORALITY1 A TRADITIONAL ACCUSATION ) RESPECT TO OCCULT COMMUNITIES ?AT W]E POORLY KN[N OR HAD ESCAP$ FROM ! CONTROL ( ! ,/ATE4 ,CELSE LEFT NO D\BT 9 HIS ,TRUE ,DISC\RSE3 0,!SE PEOPLE :O HAVE NEI!R PRIE/S NOR ALT>S >E ID5TICAL TO ! A!I/S2 LIV+ 9 CLOS$ COMMUNITIES1 !Y HAVE1 ONE SUPPOSES1 DISSOLUTE MORALS40 ,CELSE H]E RECALLS ! 0ORGIA/ICS10 P]SECUT$ 9 #db .<,B4,C4,E4.> BY ! ,EMPIRE1 9 :I* !Y CON/ITUT$ SECRET GR\PS & REVIV$ ! TRADITION ( ! ,DIONYSIAC CULTS4 ,! SAME >GUM5T W\LD LAT] S]VE ! ,*UR* MANY TIMES 9 ITS CONDEMNATIONS ( H]ETICS4.<#c.> ,FUR!RMORE1 ! ,ZEALOTS' GU]RILLA W>F>E CONTRIBUT$ TO ! VULG>IZATION ( ! IMAGE ( ! 0,JEW ) A KNIFE BETWE5 HIS TEE?10 :I* ! ANTI-,SEMITISM ( ! ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY W\LD REGURGITATE1 UNAW>E ?AT IT ORIG9AT$ ) ! ,PH>ISA9 ,JEW ,FLAVIUS ,JOSEPH1 FRI5D ( ! ,ROMANS1 = :OM ! ,ZEALOTS W]E LETOI1 B&ITS1 HIR$ KILL]S OR 0KNIFE-WIELD+ KILL]S40 ,! /UPIDITY ( ,GRECO-,ROMAN ANTI-,SEMITISM DID NOT C$E ANY?+ -- NOT ?AT ?IS W\LD SURPRISE US -- TO ! IGNOM9Y ( ITS MOD]N RESURG5CE4 ,! POET ,HORACE 7#f#e-#h7 WAS IRRITAT$ BY SEE+ HIS FRI5D ,FUSCUS CONV]T TO ,JUDAISM1 OBS]VE ! ,SABBA? & REFUSE TO 0TURN HIS NOSE UP AT CIRCUMCIS$ ,JEWS40 ,PETRONE 7#a-#f#f7 MADE FUN ( !M BY ASSUR+ HIS READ]S ?AT ! ,JEWS ADOR$ A ,PIG-,GOD & R5D]$ ?ANKS TO ! HEAD ( AN ASS4.<#c#a.> ,IF ! ,PIG-,GOD R5D]S IRONIC ! PROHIBITION ON . PORK1 ! M5TION ( A ,GOD ) ! HEAD ( AN ASS DOESN'T LACK 9T]E/3 SU* A REPRES5TATION FIGUR$ 9 A NUMB] ( ,SE?IAN MAGICAL AMULETTES & CONFIRMS ! PRES5CE 9 ,ROME -- 9 ! ,JEWI% MILIEU ( ! #eS -- ( A GR\P = :I* ! ,MESSIAH WAS ,SE?1 ,SON ( ,MAN1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ,SON ( ,ADAM4.<#c#b.> ,= ,PL9E ! ,ELD] 7#b#h-#g#i71 0! ,JEWS >E A NATION CELEBRAT$ = !IR SCORN = DIV9ITIES10 &1 ACCORD+ TO ,LYSIMAQUE ( ,ALEX&RIA1 0,MOSES EXHORT$ !M TO NOT BE K9D TO ANYONE40 ,M>TIAL 7#d-#a#d7 HAD REC\RSE TO ! LEITMOTIF ( FANTA/IC FRU/RATION1 :I* PROVID$ RACISM ) ! VIOL5CE ( RELIEF3 0,Y\ CAN NOT EV5 AVOID MAK+ LOVE ) CIRCUMCIS$ ,JEWS10 HE SAID 9DIGNANTLY1 CONSCI\S ( ! P]IL HANG+ OV] ,ROMAN VIRILITY4 ,>\ND #a#b1 ,TACITUS D5\NC$ ! DECL9E ( ! ,EMPIRE & ! CORRUPTION ( ANCE/RAL VIRTUES 9 HIS FREQU5T CONS]VATIONS AB\T ,JUDAISM ) ! MEMB]S ( ! ,ROMAN >I/OCRACY1 NAY1 ! FAMILI>S ( ! IMP]IAL C\RT4 ,HE HAD AN ACTIVE COMMIS]ATION ) ! ,JEWS ?AT CONTRA/S ) 0! IMPLACABLE HATR$ ?AT !Y >\SE 9 ! RE/ ( MANK9D40 ,HE SPEAKS ( 0EXECRABLE SUP]/ITION0 & E/EEMS ! ,JEWS TO HAVE BE5 0LESS CONVICT$ ( HAV+ BURN$ ,ROME ?AN HAT+ HUMANK9D40 ,AFT] ! CRU%+ ( ,B> ,KO*BA BY ,HADRIAN & ! 5D ( ! ,JEWI% NATION1 ! ANTI-,JUDAISM ( ! ,JUDEO-,*RI/IANS *ANG$ 9TO ANTI-,SEMITISM AMONG ! ,HELL5IZ$ ,*RI/IANS1 AS MU* UND] ! IMPULSE ( ,M>CION1 ! 9V5TOR ( ,SAUL_/,PAUL1 AS UND] ! ANTI-,M>CIONITES1 SU* AS ,JU/91 :O W\LD ATTEMPT TO RESEMBLE ,ROME BY ALLEG+ HIS HO/ILITY TO ALL =MS ( ,JUDAISM4 0,JUDAISM10 WRITES ,DAVID ,ROKEAH1 0GIVES WAY TO A REPLACEM5T PRODUCT ?AT PURSUES ! CONQUE/ ( ! PAGAN WORLD4 ,AFT] ! ,SECOND ,C5TURY1 ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,*RI/IAN 'MISSION' W\LD 9T5SIFY40.<#c#c.> ,:5 ,PHILO/RATUS AFFIRM$ >\ND #bc ?AT 0?IS PEOPLE HAVE = A LONG TIME BE5 9 REVOLT1 NOT ONLY AGA9/ ! ,ROMANS1 BUT ALSO AGA9/ HUMANITY 9 ITS 5TIRETY4 ,! M5 :O HAVE IMAG9$ AN UNSOCIABLE LIFE1 :I* !Y DO NOT %>E ) !IR EQUALS1 NOR .E.> ! TABLE1 NOR ! LIBATIONS1 NOR ! SACRIFICES1 >E FUR!R FROM US ?AN ,SUSE OR ,BACTRES10.<#c#d.> HIS REM>KS C\LD BE C\NT]SIGN$ BY ?OSE :O W\LD LAT] ACCUSE ! ,JEWS ( DEICIDE1 NAMELY1 ! FA!RS ( ECCLESIA/IC ANTI-,SEMITISM3 ,JOHN ,*RYSO/OME1 ,J]OME1 ,A?ANASE & ,AUGU/IAN ( ,HIPPONE4.<#c#e.> "9 "9 "9 ,JUDAISM MA9TA9$ SU* A MORBID PROP5SITY TO HOLD ITSELF RESPONSIBLE = ! ORDEALS ( A 0JU/ ,GOD0 ?AT IT CALL$ =?1 9 ! MANN] ?AT ! MASO*I/ SOLICITS ! SADI/1 ! DONKEY'S KICK ?AT W\LD BE DELIV]$ AFT] ! DEF9ITIVE LOSS ( #ace & ?AT1 OV] ! C5TURIES1 W\LD M>TYR ! ,JEWS 9 ! NAME ( ! LOVE ( ,*RI/ & A GOOD ,GOD4 ,A D\BLE =FEITURE PRESID$ OV] ! BIR? ( ,*RI/IANITY3 ! DESPOILATION ( ! ,JEWS' SACR$ TEXTS & ! LEG5D ( A SACRIFIC$ ,MESSIAH :OSE BLOOD W\LD FALL UPON !M4 ,! BLOODY IRONY ( :AT ,DES*N] CALLS ! 0CRIM9AL HI/ORY ( ,*RI/IANITY0 IS ?AT ,CA?OLICISM ONLY RATIFI$ ! 9CESSANT REWRIT+ ( ,JEWI% TEXTS BY ! PROPHETS1 ! ,ESS5ES1 ! ,*RI/IAN ,JEWS & !IR MIDRA%IM1 & ! HATR$ ( ! ,ESS5O-,BAPTI/S = ,J]USALEM1 :OSE PRIE/S EXECUT$ !IR ,MA/] ( ,JU/ICE4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiib 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,APRIL #b#f1 #bb 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/