,*APT] #b ,DONAT & ! ,CIRCONCELLIONS #aiicaiic ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM ,TEXT 3 ,*APT] #b3 ,DONAT & ! ,CIRCONCELLIONS ,FROM ! MOM5T ?AT ,CON/ANT9E AGRE$ TO SUPPORT ! ,*RI/IAN COMMUNITIES 9 #c#a#c1 HE TOOK HOLD ( ! ,*UR* & TREAT$ IT AS AN 9/RUM5T ( HIS ,/ATE P[]4 ,TO ! BI%OPS HE RECOGNIZ$1 HE ACCORD$ ! LIC5SE TO PROMULGATE S5T5CES UND] IMP]IAL PROTECTION .4 ,HIS POLITICS ( GREAT WORKS 79 ,ROME1 ,SA9T ,PET]1 ,SA9T ,JOHN ( ,LAT]AN & ,SA9T ,AGNES2 9 ,J]USALEM1 ,SA9T ,SEPULCRE71 :I* HONOR$ A FAI? ?AT HE OP5LY MOCK$ IF IT DID NOT CEM5T HIS [N ABSOLUTISM1 >\S$ ! REPROBATION ( A POPUL> ,*RI/IANITY ?AT HAD BE5 IMPREGNAT$ BY ASCETICISM & M>TYRDOM EV] S9CE ! 5D ( ! ,SECOND ,C5TURY4 ,AN OLD CONT5TION OPPOS$ ! P>TY ( ! TORTUR$1 ! ,*RI/IANS :O REMA9$ UN%AKABLE 9 !IR CONVICTIONS . :5 FAC$ ) !IR EXECUTION]S1 & ! P>TY ( ! LAPSI OR TRADITORES1 ! R5EGADES1 ! TRAITORS1 :O W]E MORE NUM]\S &1 DUE TO !IR V]Y PRAGMATISM1 BETT] ACCU/OM$ TO ACC$E TO ! CL]ICAL RESPONSIBILITIES !NCE=? CONF]R$ BY ! ,/ATE4 ,9 ,C>?AGE1 ! BA/ION ( ,T]TULLIANISM1 ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT 9CID5T EXPLOD$1 PRECIPITAT$ BY ! ANTI-,MONTANI/ REACTION ?AT TOOK PLACE UND]NEA? ! GOBLETS . ( A CORRUPT$ CL]GY4 ,DUR+ ! P]SECUTION ( ,DIOCLETIAN1 :I* WAS BRIEF BUT CRUEL 7#c#c-#c#e71 ! MAJORITY ( ! CL]GY ABJUR$4 ,A SMALL GR\P ( PRIE/S FROM ,ABIT9A 7,TUNISIA71 IMPRISON$ 9 ! EXPECTATION ( TORTURE1 D5\NC$ ! TRADITORES4 ,!Y PROCLAIM$ ?AT ONLY ?OSE :O1 FOLL[+ !IR EXAMPLE1 REMA9$ LOYAL TO BELIEF W\LD REA* P>ADISE4 ,!IR 9TRANSIG5CE W\LD IRRITATE ! CL]GY ( ,C>?AGE &1 9 P>TICUL>1 ! ,>*DEACON ,CAECILIANUS 7,CECILIAN71 MU* LAT] ACCUS$ ( PREV5T+ O!R ,*RI/IANS FROM BR++ FOOD & COM=T TO PRISON]S4.<#b#i#a.> ,:5 ,CECILIAN SUCC$$ ! BI%OP ( ,C>?AGE1 :O DI$ 9 #c#a#a1 ! MAJORITY ( ! FAI?FUL REACT$ ) 9DIGNATION4 ,A Y\NG BI%OP NAM$ ,DONATUS L$ ! MOVEM5T ( CONTE/ATION4 ,BORN 9 ,NUMIDIA1 ,DONAT HAD ALREADY ATTRACT$ ATT5TION AS A Y\NG BI%OP 9 ,CASA ,NIGRA BY DEM&+1 AT ! CONCLUSION ( ! P]SECUTIONS1 A NEW BAPTISM = ! LAPS$ CL]GY4 ,CONC]N+ !SE PLEAS1 A C\NCIL ( #g BI%OPS :O MET 9 #cab DEPOS$ ,CECILIAN & REPLAC$ HIM ) ,MAJOR9US1 *APLA9 ( ,LUCILLA1 A RI* ,SPANI>D EXECUT$ UND] ! REIGN ( ! COLLABORAT+ BI%OP4 ,?AT SAME YE>1 ,CON/ANT9E CRU%$ HIS RIVAL1 ,MAX5CE1 & SEIZ$ ,NOR? ,AFRICA1 :I* HAD UNTIL !N BE5 SUBJECT$ TO ! FALL5 EMP]OR4 ,) ! SANCTION . ( ! ,ROMAN CL]GY1 9 :I* APO/ASY WAS DOM9ANT1 HE RE/OR$ ,CECILIAN TO HIS RESPONSIBILITIES1 ALLOTT$ HIM AN IMPORTANT SUBSIDY & EXEMPT$ FROM ALL TAXES ! CL]GY :O OBEY$ ! R5EGADE4 ,MEAN:ILE1 UPON ! DEA? ( ,MAJOR9US1 ,DONAT SUCC$$ HIM ) ! CONS5T ( ,CECILIAN'S 5EMIES1 :O S5T ! EMP]OR A LI/ ( ! CRIMES IMPUT$ TO HIS PROTEGE4 ,DONAT W5T TO ,ROME TO PLEAD HIS LEGITIMACY1 BUT ,MILITIADES1 A ,ROMAN BI%OP :OM ,CON/ANT9E CONSULT$ BECAUSE ( HIS ,AFRICAN ORIG9S1 TOOK SIDES AGA9/ HIM1 :I* CAUS$ HIS CONDEMNATION BY ! EMP]OR4 ,ESS5TIALLY C>EFUL TO UNIFY HIS EMPIRE1 ,CON/ANT9E MOV$ FROM ?REATS TO CONCILIATION4 ,9 #c#b#a1 HE REPEAL$ ! DECREE ( EXILE ?AT /RUCK ,DONAT1 :OSE 9FLU5CE HAD NOT CEAS$ TO GR[4 ,9 #c#c#f1 TWO-HUNDR$ & SEV5TY BI%OPS CONTROLL$ ! COMMUNITIES 9 A T]RITORY ?AT TODAY /RET*ES FROM ,TUNISIA TO ,EA/ ,ALG]IA1 9 :I* ! LAX P>TY ( ,CECILIAN WAS 9 ! M9ORITY4 ,9 ,EGYPT1 ! ,DONATI/ BI%OP ,MELECE 5JOY$ GREAT POPUL> SUPPORT4 ,NO D\BT ,DONAT B5EFIT$ FROM ! TACIT TOL]ANCE ( IMP]IAL P[]1 ?AT IS1 UNTIL ! PEASANT REVOLT ( ! ,CIRCONCELLIONS WAS GRAFT$ ON TO HIS MOVEM5T1 !REBY =M+ ITS POPUL> W+4 ,9 #c#d#f1 A COMM&O GR\P ( ,CIRCONCELLIONS ATTACK$ ! COMMISSION S5T TO ,NOR? ,AFRICA BY ! EMP]OR4 ,DESPITE !IR DISAPPROVAL ( ?IS ACTION1 ,DONAT & HIS PR9CIPAL P>TISANS W]E EXIL$ TO ,GAUL1 :]E ! BI%OP ( ,CASA ,NIGRA DI$ 9 #c#e#e4 ,! ,CIRCONCELLION MOVEM5T ALLI$ ) RELIGI\S FANATICISM 7HO/ILE TO ! LAXITY ( ! WEAL?Y7 ! DEM&S ( ! DIS9H]IT$ ( ! C\NTRYSIDE3 LABOR]S1 %EPH>DS1 SLAVES1 POOR PEASANTS4 ,!IR NAME CAME FROM CIRCUM CELLAS1 ?OSE :O W&] >\ND ! B>NS 7CELLAE74 ,!Y CALL$ !MSELVES 0SA9TS0 & 0FIM$ ) ! BILLY CLUB ?AT !Y CALL$ ,ISRAEL1 ! ,CIRCONCELLIONS ATTACK$ L>GE PROP]TY [N]S & FUNCTION>IES1 LIB]AT+ SLAVES TO :OM !Y 5TRU/$ ! TASK ( TREAT+ !IR .<=M].> MA/]S AS !Y HAD BE5 TREAT$ 9 S]VITUDE4 ,!Y COMBAT$ ! ,DEVIL 9 ! P]SON ( HIS REPRES5TATIVES3 T]RE/RIAL [N]S1 TAX COLLECTORS1 MAGI/RATES & ANTI-,DONATI/ PRIE/S4 ,!Y ACT$ UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( TWO M51 ,AXIDE & ,PHASIR1 0DUCES SANCTORUM0 7LEAD]S ( SA9TS71 :O1 ACCORD+ TO ,OPTAT 7#c#d71 0MADE [N]S & CR$ITORS TREMBLE40.<#b#i#b.> ,! ,CIRCONCELLIONS SUPPORT$ ! CULT ( ! M>TYRS & OPPOS$ ! SANCTIFICATION ( ASCETICISM TO ! LAZY & H$ONI/IC EXI/5CE ( ! RI*4 ,DISAV[$ BY ! ,DONATI/S1 ! ,CIRCONCELLIONS C\LD NOT RESI/ ! IMP]IAL >MY & 5D$ UP MASSACR$ >\ND #c#d#h4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ,DONATISM W\LD SURVIVE UNTIL #d#b#i4 ,IT REJECT$ ! PR9CIPAL DEM&S ( ! ,CIRCONCELLIONS1 SO (T5 REPRIZ$ BY ! .I\S.> MILL5>IANI/ MOVEM5TS3 ! REIGN ( ! SA9TS2 UNIV]SAL EQUALITY UND] ! SOLE P[] ( ,GOD2 MORATORIA ON DEBTS2 JUDGM5TS & EXECUTIONS ( ! RI*2 & ! SUPPRESSION ( SLAV]Y4 ,DONAT1 :O AT ! BEG9N+ CAUTION$ AGA9/ ! ZEAL ( ! ,CIRCONCELLIONS 9 !IR HUNT = APO/ATES1 W\LD APPROVE ( !IR SUPPRESSION BUT W\LD NOT RECOV] HIS CR$IT ) ! EMP]OR4 ,! P>TY ( ! LAPSI & ! LAXI/S RETOOK ! UPP] H&4 ,OPTAT ATTACK$ HIS ADV]S>IES 9 ,AGA9/ ! ,DONATI/S4 ,FROM #cii TO #d#a#e1 ,AUGU/9E ( ,HIPPONE UND]TOOK TO *ASE !M FROM ,C>?AGE4 ,MOREOV]1 !Y W]E \TLAW$1 />T+ 9 #d#a#a4 ,?ANKS TO ONE ( ! MANY IRONIES ( HI/ORY1 ,DONATISM W\LD DISAPPE> 9 #d#b#i1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT ,ROMAN COLONIZATION WAS SWEPT BY ! 9VASION ( ! ,V&ALS1 :O IMPOS$ AS ! RELIGION ( ! ,/ATE ! V]Y ,>IANISM ?AT HAD BE5 CONDEMN$ AS H]ESY4 ,! SOCIAL & POLITICAL COMPON5TS ?AT HAD ASSUR$ ! SUCCESS ( ,DONATISM ALSO CONDUCT$ IT T[>DS ITS D[NFALL4 ,! NATIONALI/IC DEM&S ( ,NUMIDIA & ,MAURITANIA UNCOV]$ MOTIFS ( SATISFACTION 9 ,DONAT'S OPPOSITION TO ,ROME & 9 HIS PROJECT ( CREAT+ AN ,AFRICAN ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*4 ,:5 HE DEM&$ 7ACCORD+ TO ,OPTAT'S ,AGA9/ ! ,DONATI/S7.<#b#i#c.> 0,:AT HAS ! EMP]OR TO DO ) ! ,*UR*80 ! RESPONSE WAS D\BLY >TICULAT$4 ,HIS ,*UR* -- BEYOND :I*1 AS ) ! ,*UR* ( ,ROME1 0!RE WAS NO SALVATION0 -- REFUS$ TO SUBMIT TO ! IMP]IAL P[] ( AN EMP]OR :O WAS AT ONCE ! HEAD ( ,/ATE & ! LEAD] ( ! CL]GY4 ,HE DEF5D$ ! PR9CIPLE ( NATIONAL *UR*ES1 9DEP5D5T ( A C5TRAL P[]4 ,BUT ,DONAT ALSO CONTE/$ ! PREEM95CE ( TEMPORAL P[] OV] SPIRITUAL P[]4 ,SU* W\LD BE ! OP9ION ( ! PAPACY1 />T+ FROM ! ,SEV5? ,C5TURY4 ,AUGU/9E1 AN 5EMY ( ,DONATISM & A P>TISAN ( SPIRITUAL PREEM95CE1 WAS NOT DECEIV$2 HE BORR[$ FROM ! ,DONATI/ !OLOGIAN ,TY*ONIUS ! DOCTR9E ( ! TWO CITIES1 ! T]RE/RIAL CITY & ! CITY ( ,GOD4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ,DONAT'S ,MONTANISM & ,T]TULLIANISM W5T AGA9/ ! ATTEMPTS ( ! ,*UR* ( ,ROME TO RECONCILE ITSELF ) A ,LAT9 >I/OCRACY ?AT WAS LITTLE 9CL9$ TO ASCETICISM & PURITANISM4 ,HIS *UR* WANT$ TO BE ! 0,VIRG9 ,*UR*0 ( ,T]TULLIAN1 9 OPPOSITION TO ! TEMPORAL *UR* ( ! LAPSI4 ,IT WAS TO BE A 0CLOS$ G>D510 A REFUGE = ! PEOPLE SUFF]+ = ,GOD1 A PLACE 9 :I* ! P]JUR$ PRIE/S C\LD HAVE NO P>T4 ,! ,DONATI/S DID NOT ALL[ -- & . ONE F9DS AGA9 ! >GUM5TS ( ! ,EL5*OS AGA9/ ,CALLIXTE1 BI%OP ( ,ROME -- ?AT A DIGNIT>Y :O HAD LO/ HIS CELE/IAL EXI/5CE SO AS TO SAVE HIS T]RE/RIAL LIFE HAD ! RIACT] ( ! FUNCTION DID NOT ACCOMMODATE ITSELF TO A =FEITURE4 ,! CL]GY ( ,ROME1 9 :I* ! LAPSI W]E 9 ! MAJORITY1 ?\IFI$ -- FROM A C]TA9 ANGLE -- ! V]Y NOTION ( H]ESY3 PROVID$ ?AT HE DID NOT PUT ASIDE DOGMA1 A PRIE/1 BI%OP OR POPE C\LD SURR5D] HIMSELF TO DEBAU*]Y & 9FAMY )\T LOS+ ! GRACE ?AT ! ,*UR* ACCORD$ HIM1 9S(> AS HE REMA9$ AN OB$I5T SON4 ,BUT PRACTIC+ VIRTUE BY CONTRAV5+ OR?ODOXY 9 HIS DISC\RSE BR\ ?R\< ! SACR$ *>ACT] ( ! .<,*UR*.> (FICIAL4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiib 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,APRIL #b#f1 #bb 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/