,! ,REVIVAL ( ,>*ITECTURE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,AMONG CULTIVAT$ PEOPLE AT PRES5T !RE IS A GOOD DEAL ( 9T]E/ FELT OR 
      AFFECT$ 9 ! ORNAM5TAL >TS & !IR PROSPECTS4 ,S9CE ALL !SE >TS >E 
      DEP5D5T ON ! MA/]->T ( >*ITECTURE ALMO/ = !IR EXI/5CE1 & CANNOT 
      BE 9 A HEAL?Y CONDITION IF IT IS SICK1 IT MAY BE WOR? :ILE TO CONSID] :AT IS 
      ! CONDITION ( >*ITECTURE 9 ?IS C\NTRY2 :E!R OR NO WE HAVE A LIV+ /YLE 
      :I* CAN LAY CLAIM TO A DIGNITY OR BEAUTY ( ITS [N1 OR :E!R \R REAL /YLE IS 
      M]ELY A HABIT ( GIV+ C]TA9 =MS NOT WOR? NOTIC+ TO AN ALL-P]VAD+ 
      UGL9ESS & MEANNESS4 
     
     

      ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 !N1 IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ ON ALL SIDES ?AT !RE HAS BE5 9 
      ?IS C5TURY SOME?+ LIKE A REVIVAL ( >*ITECTURE2 ! QUE/ION FOLL[S :E!R 
      ?AT REVIVAL 9DICATES A G5U9E GR[? ( REAL VITALITY :I* IS DEVELOP+ 9TO 
      SOME?+ ELSE1 OR :E!R IT M]ELY PO9TS TO A PASS+ WAVE ( FA%ION :I*1 
      :5 PASS$1 WILL LEAVE NO?+ 5DUR+ BEH9D IT4 ,I CAN ?9K ( NO BETT] WAY ( 
      ATTEMPT+ A SOLUTION ( ?IS QUE/ION ?AN ! GIV+ A BRIEF SKET* ( ! 
      HI/ORY ( ?IS REVIVAL AS F> AS ,I HAVE NOT$ IT4 ,! REVIVAL ( ! >T ( 
      >*ITECTURE 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA9 MAY BE SAID TO HAVE BE5 A NATURAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! 
      RISE ( ! ROMANTIC S*OOL 9 LIT]ATURE1 AL?\< IT LAGG$ SOME WAY BEH9D IT1 
      & NATURALLY SO1 S9CE ! >T ( BUILD+ HAD TO DEAL ) ! PROSAIC 9CID5TS 
      ( EV]Y DAY LIFE1 & IS LIMIT$ BY ! MAT]IAL EXIG5CIES ( ITS EXI/5CE4 ,UP 
      TO A P]IOD LONG AFT] ! DEA? ( ,%ELLEY & ,KEATS & ,SCOTT1 >*ITECTURE C\LD 
      DO NO?+ BUT PRODUCE ON ! ONE H& P$ANTIC IMITATIONS ( CLASSICAL 
      >*ITECTURE ( ! MO/ REVOLT+ UGL9ESS1 & RIDICUL\S TRAVE/IES ( ,GO?IC 
      BUILD+S1 NOT QUITE SO UGLY1 BUT MEAN] & SILLI]2 &1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! 
      UTILIT>IAN BRICK BOX ) A SLATE LID :I* ! ,ANGLO-,SAXON G5]ALLY 9 MOD]N 
      TIMES CONSID]S AS A GOOD S5SIBLE H\SE ) NO NONS5SE AB\T IT4 
     
     

      ,! FIR/ SYMPTOMS ( *ANGE 9 ?IS RESPECT W]E BR\<T AB\T BY ! 
      ,ANGLO-,CA?OLIC MOVEM5T1 :I* MU/ ITSELF BE CONSID]$ AS P>T ( ! ROMANTIC 
      MOVEM5T 9 LIT]ATURE1 & WAS SUPPORT$ BY MANY :O HAD NO SPECIAL !OLOGICAL 
      T5D5CIES1 AS A PROTE/ AGA9/ ! HI/ORICAL POSITION & /UPID ISOLATION ( 
      ,PROTE/ANTISM4 ,UND] ?IS 9FLU5CE !RE >OSE A G5U9E /UDY ( M$IEVAL 
      >*ITECTURE1 & IT WAS SL[LY DISCOV]$ ?AT IT WAS NOT1 AS WAS ?\<T 9 ! 
      DAYS ( ,SCOTT1 A M]E ACCID5TAL JUMBLE ( PICTURESQU5ESS CONSECRAT$ BY RU9 & 
      ! LAPSE ( TIME1 BUT A LOGICAL & ORGANIC /YLE EVOLV$ AS A MATT] ( NECESSITY 
      FROM ! ANCI5T /YLES ( ! CLASSICAL PEOPLES1 & ADVANC+ /EP BY /EP ) 
      ! *ANGES 9 ! SOCIAL LIFE ( B>B>ISM & FEUDALISM & CIVILIZATION4 ,( 
      C\RSE IT TOOK LONG TO COMPLETE ?IS DISCOV]Y1 NOR AS A MATT] ( FACT IS IT 
      ADMITT$ 9 PRACTICE BY MANY ( ! >TI/S & >*ITECTS ( TO-DAY1 ?\< ! 
      BE/ ( !M FEEL1 9/9CTIVELY P]HAPS1 ! 9FLU5CE ( ! NEW S*OOL ( 
      HI/ORIANS1 ( :OM ! LATE ,JOHN ,RI*>D ,GRE5 & ,PR(ESSOR ,FREEMAN MAY BE CIT$ 
      AS EXAMPLES1 & :O HAVE LONG BE5 FAMILI> ) IT4 
     
     

      ,ONE UN=TUNATE CONSEQU5CE ! /UDY ( M$IEVAL >T BR\<T ) IT1 [+ 9DE$ 
      TO ! WANT ( ! ADMISSION ( ITS HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION JU/ M5TION$4 ,:5 ! 
      >*ITECTS ( ?IS C\NTRY HAD LE>N$ SOME?+ AB\T ! BUILD+ & ORNAM5T ( 
      ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 & BY D9T ( SYMPA!TIC /UDY HAD MORE OR LESS GRASP$ ! 
      PR9CIPLES ON :I* ! DESIGN ( ?AT P]IOD WAS F\ND$1 !Y HAD A GLIMM] ( AN 
      IDEA ?AT ?OSE PR9CIPLES BELONG$ TO ! ES!TICS ( ALL >T 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 
      & W]E CAPABLE ( 5DLESS DEVELOPM5T2 !Y SAW DIMLY ?AT ,GO?IC >T HAD BE5 A 
      LIV+ ORGANISM1 BUT ?\< !Y KNEW ?AT IT HAD P]I%$1 & ?AT ITS PLACE HAD 
      BE5 TAK5 BY SOME?+ ELSE1 !Y DID NOT KN[ :Y IT HAD P]I%$1& ?\<T IT 
      C\LD BE >TIFICIALLY REPLANT$ 9 A SOCIETY TOTALLY DIFF]5T FROM ?AT :I* GAVE 
      BIR? TO IT4 ,! RESULT ( ?IS HALF-KN[L$GE L$ !M TO BELIEVE ?AT !Y HAD 
      NO?+ TO DO BUT TO DESIGN ON PAP] ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPLES ! EXI/5CE ( 
      :I* !Y HAD DIV9$ 9 ,GO?IC >*ITECTURE1 & ?AT ! BUILD+S SO DESIGN$1 
      :5 C>RI$ \T UND] !IR SUP]9T5D5CE1 W\LD BE TRUE EXAMPLES ( ! ANCI5T 
      /YLE1 MADE ALIVE BY ?OSE UNDY+ PR9CIPLES ( ! >T4 ,ON ?IS ASSUMPTION IT WAS 
      NATURAL ?AT !Y %\LD ATTEMPT ) CONFID5CE TO REM$Y ! 9JURIES & 
      DEGRADATIONS :I* ! IGNORANCE1 BRUTALITY1 & VULG>ITY ( ! PO/-,GO?IC 
      P]IODS HAD BR\<T ON ?OSE PRICELESS TREASURES ( >T & HI/ORY1 ! BUILD+S 
      YET LEFT TO US FROM ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,H5CE >OSE ! FATAL PRACTICE ( 
      0RE/ORATION10 :I* 9 A P]IOD ( =TY YE>S HAS DONE MORE DAMAGE TO \R ANCI5T 
      BUILD+S ?AN ! PREC$+ ?REE C5TURIES ( REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE1 SORDID 
      GRE$ 7UTILIT>IANISM SO CALL$71 & P$ANTIC CONTEMPT4 ,?IS SIDE ( ! SUBJECT ,I 
      HAVE NO SPACE TO DWELL ON FUR!R H]E4 ,I CAN ONLY SAY ?AT IF MY SUBJECT C\LD BE 
      LOOK$ ON FROM NO O!R PO9T ( VIEW ?AN ! RELATION ( MOD]N >*ITECTURE TO 
      ! PRES]VATION ( !SE RELICS ( ! PA/1 IT W\LD BE MO/ IMPORTANT TO FACE 
      ! FACTS ( ! PRES5T CONDITION ( ! >T AMONG US1 LE/ A M]E DELUSION AS 
      TO \R POSITION %\LD LEAD US TO ?R[ AWAY !SE TREASURES :I* ONCE LO/ CAN 
      NEV] BE RECOV]$4 ,NO D\BT1 ON ! O!R H&1 ?IS SAME HALF-KN[L$GE GAVE ! 
      NEW S*OOL ( >*ITECTS C\RAGE TO C>RY ON !IR WORK ) MU* SPIRIT1 & AS A 
      RESULT WE HAVE A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( BUILD+S ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY :I* DO 
      GREAT CR$IT TO ! LE>N+ & TAL5T ( !IR DESIGN]S1 & SOME ( !M EV5 
      %[ SIGNS ( G5IUS /RUGGL+ ?R\< ! DIFFICULTIES :I* BESET AN >*ITECT 
      ATTEMPT+ TO PRODUCE BEAUTY 9 ! MID/ ( ! MO/ DEGRAD+ UTILIT>IANISM4 
     
     

      ,9 ! E>LY P]IOD ( ?IS ,GO?IC REVIVAL ! BUILD+S ?US PRODUC$ W]E MO/LY 
      ECCLESIA/ICAL4 ,! PUBLIC W]E EASILY P]SUAD$ ?AT ! BUILD+S DE/9$ = 
      ! USE ( ! ,ANGLICAN ,*UR*1 :I* WAS OBVI\SLY 9 P>T A SURVIVAL FROM ! 
      ,*UR* ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 %\LD BE ( ! /YLE :I* OBTA9$ 9 ! P]IOD TO 
      :I* ! GREAT] P>T ( ITS BUILD+S BELONG$2 & 9DE$ IT US$ TO BE 
      CU/OM>Y TO USE ! WORD 0ECCLESIA/ICAL0 AS A SYNONYM = M$IEVAL >*ITECTURE4 
      ,( C\RSE ?IS ABSURDITY WAS EXPLOD$ AMONG ! >*ITECTS AT A V]Y E>LY /AGE ( 
      ! REVIVAL1 AL?\< IT L+]$ LONG & P]HAPS /ILL L+]S AMONG ! 
      G5]AL PUBLIC4 ,IT WAS SOON SE5 BY ?OSE :O /UDI$ ! >TS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES 
      ?AT !RE WAS NO DIFF]5CE 9 /YLE BETWE5 ! DOME/IC & CIVIL & ! 
      ECCLESIA/ICAL >*ITECTURE ( ?AT P]IOD1 & ! FULL APPRECIATION ( ?IS FACT 
      M>KS ! SECOND /AGE 9 ! 0,GO?IC ,REVIVAL40 
     
     

      ,!N CAME ANO!R ADVANCE3 ?OSE :O SYMPA?IZ$ ) ! GREAT P]IOD ( ! 
      DEVELOPM5T ( ! HUMAN RACE1 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 ESPECIALLY SU* ( !M AS HAD ! 
      GIFT ( ! HI/ORICAL S5SE :I* MAY BE SAID TO BE A SPECIAL GIFT ( ! 
      N9ETE5? C5TURY1 & A K9D ( COMP5SATION = ! UGL9ESS :I* SURR\NDS \R 
      LIVES AT PRES5T3 !SE M5 N[ BEGAN NOT ONLY TO UND]/& ?AT ! M$IEVAL >T 
      WAS NO M]E PIECE ( REACTION>Y (FICIAL ECCLESIA/ICISM OR ! EXPRESSION ( AN 
      EXT9CT !OLOGY1 BUT A POPUL>1 LIV+1 & PROGRESSIVE >T - & ?AT PROGRESSIVE 
      >T HAD DI$ ) IT2 !Y CAME TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! >T ( ! SIXTE5? & 
      SEV5TE5? C5TURIES DREW :AT VIGOR & BEAUTY IT HAD FROM ! IMPULSE ( ! 
      P]IOD ?AT PREC$$ IT1 & ?AT :5 ?AT DI$ \T AB\T ! MIDDLE ( ! 
      SEV5TE5? C5TURY NO?+ WAS LEFT BUT A CAPUT MORTUUM ( 9ANITY & 
      P$ANTRY1 :I* DEM&$ P]HAPS A P]IOD ( /]N UTILIT>IANISM TO =M1 AS IT 
      W]E1 ! FALL[ ( ! >TS BE=E ! NEW SE$ C\LD BE S[N4 
     
     

      ,BO? AS REG>DS >T & HI/ORY ?IS WAS AN IMPORTANT DISCOV]Y4 ,UNDISMAY$ BY 
      !IRPOSITION ( ISOLATION FROM ! LIFE ( ! PRES5T1 ! LEAD]S ( ?IS FRE% 
      R5AISSANCE SET !MSELVES TO ! /UP5D\S TASK ( TAK+ UP ! L9K ( 
      HI/ORICAL >T :]E ! P$ANTS ( ! OLD] SO-CALL$ R5AISSANCE HAD DROPP$ IT1 
      & TRI$ TO PROVE ?AT ! M$IEVAL /YLE WAS CAPABLE ( NEW LIFE & FRE% 
      DEVELOPM5T1 & ?AT IT C\LD ADAPT ITSELF TO ! NE$S ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 
      ,ON ! SURFACE ?IS HOPE ( !IRS SEEM$ JU/IFI$ BY ! M>VEL\S ELA/ICITY 
      :I* ! /YLE %[$ 9 ! P]IOD ( ITS REAL LIFE4 ,NO?+ WAS TOO GREAT OR TOO 
      LITTLE1 TOO COMMONPLACE OR TOO SUBLIME = ITS 9CLUSIVE EMBRACE2 NO *ANGE 
      DISMAY$ IT1 NO VIOL5CE S]I\SLY *ECK$ IT2 9 ?OSE OLD] DAYS IT WAS A P>T ( 
      ! LIFE ( MAN1 ! UNIV]SAL1 9DISP5SABLE EXPRESSION ( HIS JOYS & SORR[S4 
      ,C\LD IT NOT BE SO AGA98 WE ?\<T2 HAD NOT ! FALL[ ( ! >TS LA/$ LONG 
      5\<8 ,W]E ! R[S ( SQU>E BR[N BRICK BOXES :I* ,KEATS & ,%ELLEY HAD TO 
      LOOK ON1 OR ! /UCCO$ VILLA :I* 5%R9$ ,T5NYSON'S G5IUS1 TO BE ! 
      P]PETUAL CONCOMITANTS ( SU* MA/]S ( V]BAL BEAUTY2 WAS NO BEAUTY BUT ! 
      BEAUTY ( WORDS TO BE PRODUC$ BY MAN 9 \R TIMES2 WAS ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ! AGE 
      TO BE = EV] SO PREPO/]\SLY LOP-SID$8 ,WE C\LD SEE NO REASON = IT1 & 
      ACCORD+LY \R HOPE WAS /RONG2 = ?\< WE HAD LE>N$ SOME?+ ( ! >T & 
      HI/ORY ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 WE HAD NOT LE>N$ 5\<4 ,IT BECAME ! FA%ION 
      AMONG ! HOPEFUL >TI/S ( ! TIME ,I AM ?9K+ ( TO SAY ?AT 9 ORD] TO 
      HAVE BEAUTIFUL SURR\ND+S !RE WAS NO NE$ TO ALT] ANY ( ! CONDITIONS & 
      MANN]S ( \R EPO*2 ?AT AN EASY *AIR1 A PIANO1 A /EAM-5G9E1 A 
      BILLI>D-TABLE1 OR A HALL FIT = ! MEET+ ( ! ,H\SE ( ,COMMONS1 HAD NO?+ 
      ESS5TIAL 9 !M :I* COMPELL$ US TO MAKE !M UGLY1 & ?AT IF !Y HAD 
      EXI/$ 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES ! PEOPLE ( ! TIME W\LD HAVE MADE !M BEAUTIFUL4 
      ,:I* C]TA9LY HAD AN ELEM5T ( TRU? 9 IT1 BUT WAS NOT ALL ! TRU?4 ,IT WAS 
      9DE$ TRUE ?AT ! M$IEVAL 9/9CT = BEAUTY W\LD HAVE EX]CIS$ ITSELF ON 
      :ATSOEV] FELL TO ITS LOT TO DO1 BUT IT WAS ALSO TRUE ?AT ! LIFE ( ! TIMES 
      DID NOT PUT 9TO ! H&S ( ! WORKMAN ANY OBJECT :I* WAS M]ELY UTILIT>IAN1 
      /ILL LESS VULG>2 :]EAS ! LIFE ( MOD]N TIMES =CES ON HIM ! PRODUCTION ( 
      MANY ?+S :I* CAN BE NO?+ BUT UTILIT>IAN1 AS = 9/ANCE A /EAM-5G9E2 
      & ( MANY ?+S 9 :I* VULG>ITY IS 9NATE & 9EVITABLE1 AS A G5TLEMAN'S 
      CLUB-H\SE OR ! C]EMONIAL ( \R MOD]N BUREAUCRATIC MON>*Y4 ,ANYH[1 ?IS 
      P]IOD ( FRE% HOPE & P>TIAL 9SI<T PRODUC$ MANY 9T]E/+ BUILD+S & 
      O!R WORKS ( >T1 & AF=D$ A PLEASANT TIME 9DE$ TO ! HOPEFUL BUT V]Y 
      SMALL M9ORITY 5GAG$ 9 IT1 9 SPITE ( ALL VEXATIONS & DISAPPO9TM5TS4 ,AT 
      LA/ ONE MAN1 :O HAD DONE MORE ?AN ANY ONE ELSE TO MAKE ?IS HOPEFUL TIME 
      POSSIBLE1 DREW A L9E /]NLY ?R\< !SE HOPES F\ND$ ON IMP]FECT KN[L$GE4 
      ,?IS MAN WAS ,JOHN ,RUSK94 ,BY A M>VEL\S 9SPIRATION ( G5IUS 7,I CAN CALL IT 
      NO?+ ELSE7 HE ATTA9$ AT ONE LEAP TO A TRUE CONCEPTION ( M$IEVAL >T :I* 
      YE>S ( M9UTE /UDY HAD NOT GA9$ = O!RS4 ,9 HIS *APT] 9 0,! ,/ONES ( 
      ,V5ICE10 5TITL$ 0,ON ! ,NATURE ( ,GO?IC1 & ! ,FUNCTION ( ! ,WORKMAN 
      !RE910 HE %[$ US ! GULF :I* LAY BETWE5 US & ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,FROM ?AT 
      TIME ALL WAS *ANG$2 IGNORANCE ( ! SPIRIT ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES WAS H5CE=? 
      IMPOSSIBLE1 EXCEPT TO ?OSE :O WILLFULLY %UT !IR EYES4 ,! AIMS ( ! NEW 
      REVIVAL ( >T GREW TO BE 9F9ITELY GREAT] ?AN !Y HAD BE5 9 ?OSE :O DID 
      NOT GIVE UP ALL AIM1 AS ,I FE> MANY DID4 ,FROM ?AT TIME =? ?OSE :O C\LD NOT 
      LE>N ! NEW KN[L$GE W]E DOOM$ TO BECOME P$ANTS1 DIFF]+ ONLY 9 ! 
      EXT]NALS ( ! >T !Y PRACTIC$ OR W]E 9T]E/$ 9 FROM ! UNHI/ORICAL 
      BIG-WIGS ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,YET ! ESS5CE ( :AT ,RUSK9 !N TAU<T US 
      WAS SIMPLE 5\<1 LIKE ALL GREAT DISCOV]IES4 ,IT WAS REALLY NO?+ MORE RECONDITE 
      ?AN ?IS1 ?AT ! >T ( ANY EPO* MU/ ( NECESSITY BE ! EXPRESSION ( ITS 
      SOCIAL LIFE1 & ?AT ! SOCIAL LIFE ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES ALL[$ ! WORKMAN 
      FRE$OM ( 9DIVIDUAL EXPRESSION1 :I* ON ! O!R H& \R SOCIAL LIFE =BIDS 
      HIM4 
     
     

      ,I DO NOT SAY ?AT ! *ANGE 9 ! ,GO?IC REVIVALI/S PRODUC$ BY ?IS DISCOV]Y 
      WAS SUDD51BUT IT WAS EFFECTIVE4 ,IT HAS GRADUALLY SUNK DEEP 9TO ! 9TELLIG5CE 
      ( ! >T & LIT]ATURE ( TO-DAY1 & HAS HAD A GREAT DEAL TO DO ) ! 
      SUND]+ ( ! HI<E/ CULTURE 7IF ONE MU/ USE ?AT UGLY WORD7 9TO A PECULI>LY 
      BASE =M ( CYNICISM ON ! ONE H&1 & 9TO PRACTICAL & HELPFUL ALTRUISM ON 
      ! O!R4 ,! C\RSE TAK5 BY ! ,GO?IC REVIVAL 9 >*ITECTURE1 :I*1 AS 
      A=ESAID1 IS ! \TW>D MANIFE/ATION ( ! ,ROMANTIC S*OOL G5]ALLY1 %[S 
      DECID$ TOK5S ( ! GR[+ CONSCI\SNESS ( ! ESS5TIAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 \R 
      SOCIETY & ?AT ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,:5 >E >*ITECTS & >*AEOLOGI/S FIR/ 
      MA/]$1 AS !Y SUPPOS$1 ! PRACTICE & PR9CIPLES ( ,GO?IC >T1 & BEGAN 
      ! ATTEMPT TO RE9TRODUCE IT AS A UNIV]SAL /YLE1 !Y CAME TO ! CONCLUSION 
      ?AT !Y W]E B\ND TO TAKE IT UP AT ! P]IOD :5 IT HUNG BALANC$ BETWE5 
      COMPLETION & ! V]Y FIR/ BEG9N+ ( DEGRADATION4 ,! 5D ( ! ?IRTE5? 
      & BEG9N+ ( ! F\RTE5? C5TURY WAS ! TIME !Y *OSE AS ?AT BE/ FITT$ 
      = ! F\NDATION ( ! ,NEO-,GO?IC /YLE1 :I* !Y HOP$ WAS DE/9$ TO 
      CONQU] ! WORLD2 & 9 *OOS+ ?IS P]IOD ON ! V]GE ( TRANSITION !Y 
      %[$ REM>KABLE 9SI<T & APPRECIATION ( ! QUALITIES ( ! /YLE4 ,IT HAD BY 
      ?AT TIME ASSIMILAT$ TO ITSELF :ATEV] IT C\LD USE ( CLASSICAL >T1 M+L$ 
      ) ! V>I\S ELEM5TS GA!R$ FROM ! B>B>IC ANCI5T MON>*IES & ! 
      NOR!RN TRIBES1 :ILE = ITSELF IT HAD NO CONSCI\SNESS ( !M1 NOR WAS 9 ANY 
      WAY TRAMMEL$ BY !M2 IT WAS FLEXIBLE TO A DEGREE YET UNDREAM$ ( 9 ANY 
      PREVI\S /YLE ( >*ITECTURE1 & HAD NO DIFFICULTIES 9 DEAL+ ) ANY USEFUL 
      PURPOSE1 ANY MAT]IAL OR CLIMATE2 & ) ALL ?IS IT WAS UND5IABLY & FRANKLY 
      BEAUTIFUL1 CUMB]$ BY NO RUD5ESS1 & DEGRAD$ BY NO :IM4 ,! H& & ! M9D 
      ( MAN1 ONE W\LD ?9K1 CAN C>RY LOVEL9ESS 7A LOVEL9ESS1 TOO1 ?AT NEV] CLOYS7 
      NO FUR!R ?AN 9 ! >*ITECTURAL WORKS ( ?AT P]IOD1 AS = 9/ANCE 9 ! 
      *OIR & TRANSEPTS ( ,WE/M9/] ,ABBEY BE=E IT HAD SUFF]$ FROM DEGRADATIONS 
      ( LAT] DAYS1 :I* TRULY MAKE ONE /& A<A/ AT ! PIT* ( P]V]SITY :I* 
      M5 CAN REA* AT TIMES4 ,IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$ TOO1 9 E/IMAT+ ! JUDGM5T ( 
      ! ,NEO-,GO?IC >*ITECTS1 ?AT ! HALF-C5TURY FROM #abh TO #acb WAS ! 
      BLOSSOM+-TIME ( >*ITECTURE ALL OV] ?AT P>T ( ! WORLD :I* HAD HELD FA/ 
      TO HI/ORICAL CONT9UITY2 & ! ,EA/ AS WELL AS ! ,WE/ PRODUC$ ITS LOVELIE/ 
      WORKS ( ORNAM5T & >T AT ?AT P]IOD4 ,?IS DEVELOPM5T1 MOREOV]1 WAS 
      SYN*RON\S ) ! HI<E/ PO9T ( ! PURELY M$IEVAL ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY4 
      ,BY ?AT TIME ! ,GOLD-M]*ANTS & ,L9EAGES ( ! FREE T[NS1 :I* HAD GR[N 
      >I/OCRATIC1 EXCLUSIVE1 & DIVORC$ FROM ACTUAL LABOR1 HAD HAD TO YIELD TO ! 
      CRAFT-GILDS1 DEMOCRATIC BODIES ( ACTUAL WORKM51 :I* HAD N[ TAK5 ! POSITION 
      ?AT !Y HAD LONG /RIV5 =1 & W]E ! MA/]S ( ALL 9DU/RY4 ,IT WAS NOT 
      ! MONA/]IES1 AS WE US$ TO BE TOLD1 :I* W]E ! HIVES ( ! >T ( ! 
      F\RTE5? C5TURY1 BUT ! FREE T[NS ) !IR CRAFTS ORGANIZ$ = BATTLE AS 
      WELL AS CRAFTSMAN%IP2 NOT ! REACTION>Y BUT ! PROGRESSIVE P>T ( ! SOCIETY 
      ( ! TIME4 
     
     

      ,?IS C5TRAL P]IOD !RE=E ( ! ,GO?IC /YLE1 :I* EXPRESS$ ! FULL 
      DEVELOPM5T ( ! SOCIAL SY/EM ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 WAS UND\BT$LY ! FITTE/ 
      P]IOD TO *OOSE = ! TREE ON :I* TO GRAFT ! Y\NG PLANT ( ,NEO-,GO?IC2 & 
      AT ! TIME ( :I* ,I AM N[ ?9K+ EV]Y >*ITECT ( PROMISE W\LD HAVE 
      REPUDIAT$ ) SCORN ! SUGGE/ION ?AT HE %\LD USE ANY LAT] OR IMPUR] /YLE 
      = ! WORKS HE HAD TO C>RY \T4 ,9DE$ !RE WAS A T5D5CY1 NATURAL 5\<1 TO 
      UND]VALUE ! QUALITIES ( ! LAT] =MS ( ,GO?IC1 A T5D5CY :I* WAS (T5 
      C>RI$ TO GROTESQUE EXTREMES1 & ! SEMI-,GO?IC SURVIVALS ( ! LATE SIXTE5? 
      & ! SEV5TE5? C5TURIES W]E LOOK$ ON ) M]E CONTEMPT1 9 !ORY AT 
      LEA/4 ,BUT AS TIME PASS$ & ! REVIVALI/S BEGAN TO RECOGNIZE1 :E!R !Y 
      W\LD OR NO1 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( BRIDG+ ! GULF BETWE5 ! F\RTE5? & 
      N9ETE5? C5TURIES2 AS 9 SPITE ( !IR BRILLIANT 9DIVIDUAL SUCCESSES !Y 
      F\ND !MSELVES COMPELL$ TO ADMIT ?AT ! ,NEO-,GO?IC GRAFT REFUS$ TO GR[ 9 
      ! COMM]CIAL AIR ( ! ,VICTORIAN ]A2 AS !YTOIL$ CONSCI5TI\SLY & WE>ILY 
      TO RECONCILE ! ,PODSNAPP]Y ( MOD]N ,LONDON ) ! EXPRESSION ( ! LIFE ( 
      ,SIMON DE ,MONT=T & ,PHILIP VAN ,>TEVELDE1 !Y DISCOV]$ ?AT !Y HAD PIT*$ 
      !IR NOTE TOO HI<1 & MU/ TRY AGA91 OR GIVE UP ! GAME ALTOGE!R4 ,BY ?AT 
      TIME !Y HAD ?OR\<LY LE>N$ ! M]ITS ( ! LAT] ,GO?IC /YLES1 & EV5 ( 
      ! /YLE :I* 9 ,5GL& AT LEA/ 7AS 9 LIT]ATURE SO 9 >T7 HAD RETA9$ SOME 
      ( ! BEAUTY & FITNESS ( ! PALMY DAYS ( ,GO?IC AMID ! CONCEITS1 
      >TIFICIALITIES1 & EUPHUISM ( ! TIME ( ,ELIZABE? & ,JAMES ! ,FIR/2 NAY1 
      !Y BEGAN TO OV]VALUE ! REMA9S ( ! 9F]IOR /YLES1 NOT ?R\< P$ANTRY1 
      BUT RA!R P]HAPS FROM SYMPA?Y ) ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY1 & REPULSION FROM ! 
      PESSIMISM :I* N>R[S ! P]IOD ( HI< ASPIRATIONS & PLEASURE 9 LIFE TO ! 
      /&>D ( \R [N PASS+ MOODS4 ,9 ! MA91 H[EV]1 !Y W]E MOV$ 9 ?IS 
      DIRECTION BY ! HOPE ( F9D+ ANO!R /&PO9T = ! NEW & LIV+ /YLE 
      :I* !Y /ILL HOP$ TO SET ON FOOT2 ! ELA/ICITY & ADAPTABILITY ( ! /YLE 
      ( ! FIFTE5? C5TURY1 ( :I* EV]Y VILLAGE *UR* 9 ,5GL& GIVES US 
      EXAMPLES1 & ! GREAT MASS ( ! WORK A*IEV$ BY IT1 9 DOME/IC AS WELL AS 
      *UR* >*ITECTURE1 READY TO H& = /UDY1 AS WELL AS ! HALF-CONSCI\S FEEL+ 
      ( ITS BE+ NE>] TO \R [N TIMES & EXPRESS+ A GRADUALLY-GR[+ COMPLEXITY 
      ( SOCIETY1 CAPTIVAT$ ! REVIVALI/S ) A FRE% HOPE4 ,! DREAM ( BEAUTY & 
      ROMANCE ( ! F\RTE5? C5TURY WAS GONE2 MI<T NOT ! MORE WORK-A-DAY 
      0,P]P5DICUL>0 GIVE US A *ANCE = ! H\S+ ( ,MR4 ,PODSNAP'S RESPECTABILITY 
      & C\NT+-H\SE1 & BOSOM-(-!-FAMILY1 & ,SUNDAY WOR%IP1 )\T TOO 
      MANIFE/ AN ABSURDITY8 
     
     

      ,SO ! >*ITECTS BEGAN ON ! FIFTE5?-C5TURY =MS1 & AS BY ?IS TIME !Y 
      HAD GA9$ MORE & MORE KN[L$GE ( M$IEVAL AIMS & ME?ODS1 !Y TURN$ \T 
      BETT] & BETT] WORK2 BUT /ILL ! NEW LIV+ /YLE W\LD NOT COME4 ,! 
      ,NEO-,GO?IC 9 ! F\RTE5?-C5TURY /YLE WAS (T5 A FAIR R5D]+ ( ITS 
      ORIG9AL2 ! FIFTE5?-C5TURY R5D]+ HAS BE5 (T5 REALLY GOOD1 & NOT 
      SELDOM HAS HAD AN AIR ( ORIG9ALITY AB\T IT ?AT MAKES ONE ADMIRE ! CAPACITY 
      & DELICATE TA/E ( ITS DESIGN]S2 BUT NO?+ COMES ( IT2 IT IS ALL HUNG 9 ! 
      AIR1 SO TO SAY4 ,LONDON HAS NOT BEGUN TO LOOK LIKE A FIFTE5?-C5TURY CITY1 & NO 
      FLAVOR ( BEAUTY OR EV5 ( G5]\S BUILD+ HAS BEGUN TO MAKE ITSELF FELT 9 ! 
      NUMB]LESS H\SES BUILT 9 ! SUBURBS4 
     
     

      ,MEANTIME FROM ! FIFTE5? C5TURY WE HAVE SUNK BY A NATURAL PROCESS TO IMITAT+ 
      SOME?+ LAT] YET1 SOME?+ SO MU* NE>] \R [N TIME & \R [N MANN]S & 
      WAYS ( LIFE1 ?AT A SUCCESS MI<T HAVE BE5 EXPECT$ TO COME \T ( ?IS AT LEA/4 
      ,! BRICK /YLE 9 VOGUE 9 ! TIME ( ,WILLIAM ! ,?IRD & ,QUE5 ,ANNE IS SURELY 
      NOT TOO SUBLIME = G5]AL USE2 EV5 ,PODSNAP MI<T ACKN[L$GE A C]TA9 AM\NT ( 
      K9%IP ) ! KNEE-BREE*$1 COCK$-HATT$ B\RGEOIS ( ?AT P]IOD2 MI<T NOT 
      ! GRAFT ( ! NEW /YLE BEG9 TO GR[ N[1 :5 WE HAVE AB&ON$ ! ,GO?IC 
      ALTOGE!R1 & TAK5 TO A /YLE ?AT BELONGS TO ! P]IOD ( ! WORK%OP & 
      DIVISION ( LABOR1 A P]IOD :5 ALL ?AT WAS LEFT ( ! CRAFT-GILDS WAS ! 
      CORRUPTION ( !M1 ! M]E ABUSES ( ! CLOSE CORPORATIONS & COMPANIES UND] 
      :OSE RE/RICTIONS ( LABOR ! COMM]CIAL CLASS *AF$ SO SORELY1 & :I* !Y 
      W]E ON ! PO9T ( SWEEP+ AWAY 5TIRELY8 
     
     

      ,WELL1 IT IS TRUE ?AT AT FIR/ SI<T ! ,QUE5 ,ANNE DEVELOPM5T HAS SEEM$ TO 
      CONQU] MOD]N TA/E MORE OR LESS2 BUT 9 TRU? IT IS ONLY ! B>E/ %AD[ ( IT 
      :I* HAS DONE SO4 ,! TURN ?AT SOME ( \R VIGOR\S Y\NG >*ITECTS 7!Y W]E 
      Y\NG !N7 TOOK T[>DS ?IS LATE/ ( ALL DOME/IC /YLES CAN BE ACC\NT$ = 
      )\T QU>REL+ ) !IR GOOD TA/E OR GOOD S5SE4 ,9 TRU?1 ) ! BE/ ( 
      !M IT WAS NOT ! DIFF]5TIA ( ! ,QUE5 ,ANNE /YLE ?AT WAS ! ATTRACTION2 
      ALL ?AT IS A M]E BUNDLE ( PREPO/]\S :IMS2 IT WAS ! FACT ?AT 9 !/YLE 
      !RE WAS YET LEFT SOME FEEL+ ( ! ,GO?IC1 AT LEA/ 9 PLACES OR UND] 
      CIRCUM/ANCES :]E ! BUILD+S W]E REMOTE FROM ! PROGRESSIVE SIDE ( ! 
      EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,!RE ,I SAY SOME ( ! ,GO?IC FEEL+ WAS LEFT1 JO9$ TO 
      =MS1 SU* AS SA% W9D[S1 YET POSSIBLE TO BE US$ 9 \R [N TIMES4 ,! 
      >*ITECTS 9 SE>* ( A /YLE MI<T WELL SAY3 0,WE HAVE BE5 DRIV5 FROM DIT* TO 
      DIT*2 CANNOT WE YET MAKE A /&8 ,! UNAPPROA*ABLE GRACE & LOVEL9ESS ( ! 
      F\RTE5? C5TURY IS HULL D[N BEH9D US1 ! FIFTE5?-C5TURY WORK IS TOO 
      DELICATE & TOO RI* = ! COMMONPLACE ( TO-DAY2 LET US BE HUMBLE1 & BEG9 
      ONCE MORE ) ! /YLE ( WELL-CON/RUCT$1 FAIRLY PROPORTION$ BRICK H\SES 
      :I* /& ,LONDON SMOKE SO WELL1 & LOOK SNUG & COM=TABLE AT SOME VILLAGE 
      5D1 OR AMID ! GRE5 TREES ( A SQUIRE'S P>K4 ,BESIDES1 \R NE$S AS >*ITECTS 
      >E NOT GREAT2 WE DON'T WANT TO BUILD *UR*ES ANY MORE2 ! NOBILITY HAVE !IR 
      PALACES 9 T[N & C\NTRY ALREADY0 7,I WI% !M JOY ( SOME ( !M672 0! 
      WORK+ MAN CANNOT AF=D TO LIVE 9 ANY?+ ?AT AN >*ITECT C\LD DESIGN2 
      MOD]ATE-SIZ$1 RABBIT-W>R5S = RI* MIDDLE-CLASS M51 & SMALL DITTO = ! 
      HANG]-ON GR\PS TO :I* WE BELONG1 IS ALL WE HAVE TO ?9K (4 ,P]HAPS SOME?+ 
      ( A /YLE MI<T >ISE AMONG US FROM !SE L[LY BEG9N+S1 ?\< 9DE$ WE 
      HAVE COME D[N A WE>Y LONG WAY FROM ,PUG9'S ^*,CONTRA/S4' ,WE AGREE ) HIM /ILL1 
      BUT WE >E DRIV5 TO ADMIRE & IMITATE SOME ( ! V]Y ?+S HE CURS$1 ) \R 
      5?USIA/IC APPROBATION40 ,WELL1 A GOODI% MANY H\SES ( ?IS SORT HAVE BE5 
      BUILT1 TO ! GREAT COM=T ( ! DWELL]S 9 !M1 ,I AM SURE2 BUT ! NEW /YLE 
      IS SO F> FROM GETT+ UND] WAY1 ?AT :ILE ON ! O!R H& ! ORD9>Y BUILD] 
      IS COV]+ ,5GL& ) ABORTIONS :I* MAKE US REGRET ! BRICK BOX & SLATE LID 
      ( FIFTY YE>S AGO1 ! CULTIVAT$ CLASSES >E RA!R 9CL9$ TO RETURN TO ! 
      SEV]ITY 7?AT IS TO SAY1 ! UNMITIGAT$ EXP5SIVE UGL9ESS7 ( ! LA/ DREGS ( 
      W\LD-BE ,PALLADIAN1 AS EXEMPLIFI$ 9 ! /ONE LUMPS ( ! ,GEORGIAN P]IOD4 
      ,9DE$ ,I HAVE NOT HE>D ?AT ! 0$UCAT$ MIDDLE CLASSES0 HAD ANY 9T5TION ( 
      HOLD+ A RIOT\S MEET+ ON ! ADJAC5T ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! 
      C>RY+ \T ( ! DESIGNS = ! NEW PUBLIC (FICES :I* ! ,A$ILE%IP ( ,MR4 
      ,%AW-,LEFEVRE ?REAT5$ US )4 ,AS TO PUBLIC BUILD+S1 ,MR4 ,/REET'S ,LAW ,C\RTS 
      >E ! LA/ ATTEMPT WE >E LIKELY TO SEE ( PRODUC+ ANY?+ REASONABLE OR 
      BEAUTIFUL = ?AT USE2 ! PUBLIC HAS RESIGN$ ITSELF TO ANY MASS ( DULLNESS & 
      VULG>ITY ?AT IT MAY BE CONV5I5T = A DEP>TM5T TO IMPOSE UPON IT1 PROBABLY 
      FROM A HALF-CONSCI\S IMPRESSION ?AT AT ALL EV5TS IT WILL BE GOOD 5\< = ! 
      WORK 7SO-CALL$7 :I* WILL BE DONE 9 IT4 
     
     

      ,9 %ORT WE MU/ ANSW] ! QUE/ION ) :I* ?IS PAP] BEGAN BY SAY+ ?AT ! 
      >*ITECTURAL REVIVAL1 ?\< NOT A M]E PIECE ( >TIFICIAL NONS5SE1 IS TOO 
      LIMIT$ 9 ITS SCOPE1 TOO MU* CONF9$ TO AN $UCAT$ GR\P1 TO BE A VITAL GR[? 
      CAPABLE ( TRUE DEVELOPM5T4 ,! IMPORTANT FACT 9 IT IS ?AT IT IS F\ND$ ON ! 
      SYMPA?Y = HI/ORY & ! >T ( HI/ORICAL G5]ALIZATION1 :I*1 AS A=ESAID1 
      IS A GIFT ( \R EPO*1 BUT UNHAPPILY A GIFT 9 :I* FEW AS YET HAVE A %>E4 
      ,AMONG POPULATIONS :]E ?IS GIFT IS ABS5T1 NOT EV5 SCATT]$ ATTEMPTS AT BEAUTY 
      9 >*ITECTURE >E N[ POSSIBLE1 & 9 SU* PLACES G5]ATIONS MAY LIVE & DIE1 
      IF SOCIETY AS AT PRES5T CON/ITUT$ 5DURES1 )\T FEEL+ ANY CRAV+ = 
      BEAUTY 9 !IR DAILY LIVES2 & EV5 UND] ! MO/ FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES !RE 
      IS NO G5]AL IMPULSE BORN \T ( NECESSITY T[>DS BEAUTY1 :I* IMPULSE ALONE CAN 
      PRODUCE A UNIV]SAL >*ITECTURAL /YLE1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 A HABIT ( ELEVAT+ & 
      BEAUTIFY+ ! H\SES1 FURNITURE1 & O!R MAT]IAL SURR\ND+S ( \R LIFE4 
     
     

      ,ALL WE HAVE ?AT APPROA*ES >*ITECTURE IS ! RESULT ( A QUITE SELF-CONSCI\S 
      & V]Y LABORI\S ECLECTICISM1 & IS AV[$LY IMITATIVE ( ! WORK ( PA/ 
      TIMES1 ( :I* WE HAVE GA9$ A KN[L$GE F> SURPASS+ ?AT ( ANY O!R P]IOD4 
      ,MEAN:ILE :ATEV] IS DONE )\T CONSCI\S EF=T1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! WORK ( ! 
      TRUE /YLE ( ! EPO*1 IS AN (F5CETO ! S5SE ( BEAUTY & FITNESS1 & IS 
      ADMITT$ TO BE SO BY ALL M5 :O HAVE ANY P]CEPTION ( BEAUTY ( =M4 ,IT IS NO 
      LONG] PASSIVELY BUT ACTIVELY UGLY1 S9CE IT HAS ADD$ TO ! DRE>Y UTILIT>IANISM 
      ( ! DAYS ( ,DR4 ,JOHNSON A VULG>ITY :I* IS ! SPECIAL 9V5TION ( ! 
      ,VICTORIAN ]A4 ,! G5U9E /YLE ( ?AT ]A IS EXEMPLIFI$ 9 ! J]RY-BUILT 
      H\SES ( \R SUBURBS1 ! /UCCO$ M>9E-P>ADES ( \R WAT]+-PLACES1 ! 
      FLAUNT+ CORN] PUBLIC-H\SES ( EV]Y T[N 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91 ! RAW-BON$ 
      HIDE\SNESS ( ! H\SES ?AT M> ! GLORI\S SC5]Y ( ! ,QUE5'S ,P>K AT 
      ,$9BUR<4 ,!SE =M \R TRUE ,VICTORIAN >*ITECTURE4 ,SU* WORKS AS ,MR4 ,BODLEY'S 
      EXCELL5T NEW BUILD+S AT ,MAGDAL5 ,COLLEGE1 ,MR4 ,NORMAN ,%AW'S ELEGANTLY FANTA/IC 
      ,QUE5 ,ANNE H\SES AT ,*ELSEA1 OR ,MR4 ,ROBSON'S SIMPLE BUT /RIK+ ,LONDON 
      BO>D-S*OOLS1 >E M]E ECC5TRICITIES ) :I* ! PUBLIC 9 G5]AL HAS NO P>T 
      OR LOT4 
     
     

      ,?IS IS />K PESSIMISM1 MY READ]S MAY SAY4 ,F> FROM IT4 ,! 5?USIASM ( ! 
      ,GO?IC REVIVALI/S DI$ \T :5 !Y W]E CONFRONT$ BY ! FACT ?AT !Y =M 
      P>T ( A SOCIETY :I* WILL NOT & CANNOT HAVE A LIV+ /YLE1 BECAUSE IT IS AN 
      ECONOMICAL NECESSITY = ITS EXI/5CE ?AT ! ORD9>Y EV]YDAY WORK ( ITS 
      POPULATION %ALL BE ME*ANICAL DRUDG]Y2 & BECAUSE IT IS ! H>MONY ( ! 
      ORD9>Y EV]YDAY WORK ( ! POPULATION :I* PRODUCES ,GO?IC1 ?AT IS1 LIV+ 
      >*ITECTURAL >T1 & ME*ANICAL DRUDG]Y CANNOT BE H>MONIZ$ 9TO >T4 ,! HOPE 
      ( \R IGNORANCE HAS PASS$ AWAY1 BUT IT HAS GIV5 PLACE TO ! HOPE BORN ( FRE% 
      KN[L$GE4 ,HI/ORY TAU<T US ! EVOLUTION ( >*ITECTURE1 IT IS N[ TEA*+ US 
      ! EVOLUTION ( SOCIETY2 & IT IS CLE> TO US1 & EV5 TO MANY :O REFUSE TO 
      ACKN[L$GE IT1 ?AT ! SOCIETY :I* IS DEVELOP+ \T ( \RS WILL NOT NE$ OR 
      5DURE ME*ANICAL DRUDG]Y AS ! LOT ( ! G5]AL POPULATION2 ?AT ! NEW 
      SOCIETY WILL NOT BE HAG-RIDD5 AS WE >E BY ! NECESSITY = PRODUC+ EV] MORE 
      & MORE M>KET-W>ES = A PR(IT1 :E!R ANY ONE NE$S !M OR NOT2 ?AT IT WILL 
      PRODUCE TO LIVE1 & NOT LIVE TO PRODUCE1 AS WE DO4 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS 
      >*ITECTURE1 AS P>T ( ! LIFE ( PEOPLE 9 G5]AL1 WILL AGA9 BECOME POSSIBLE1 
      & ,I BELIEVE ?AT :5 IT IS POSSIBLE1 IT WILL HAVE A REAL NEW BIR?1 & ADD SO 
      MU* TO ! PLEASURE ( LIFE ?AT WE %ALL WOND] H[ PEOPLE W]E ABLE TO LIVE 
      )\T IT4 ,MEANTIME WE >E WAIT+ = ?AT NEW DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY1 SOME ( US 
      9 C[>DLY 9ACTION1 SOME ( US AMID HOPEFUL WORK T[>DS ! *ANGE2 BUT AT 
      LEA/ WE >E ALL WAIT+ = :AT MU/ BE ! WORK1 NOT ( ! LEISURE & TA/E ( 
      A FEW S*OL>S1 AU?ORS1 & >TI/S1 BUT ( ! NECESSITIES & ASPIRATIONS ( ! 
      WORKM5 ?R\<\T ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD4 
     
     

      ,=TNI<TLY ,REVIEW1 ,MAY #a#h#h#h4 
     

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#c1 #bba 3 ,! ,REVIVAL ( ,>*ITECTURE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,REVIVAL ( ,>*ITECTURE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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