,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,IDEAS ( ,BAKUN9 
,AN 9TRODUCTION TO ! IDEAS ( ,BAKUN91 ONE ( ! F\ND]S ( AN>*I/ ?\<T & MOVEM5T 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,UND\BT$LY1 ,BAKUN9 IS ONE ( ! KEY AN>*I/ ?9K]S & ACTIVI/S ( ! #a#i? C5TURY4 

,BUILD+ UPON ! F$]ALI/ & LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ IDEAS ( HIS FRI5D ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON AS WELL AS ?OSE 9 ! ,EUROPEAN LABOR MOVEM5T1 ,BAKUN9 %AP$ AN>*ISM 9TO ITS MOD]N =M4 ,HIS REVOLUTION>Y1 CLASS /RUGGLE BAS$ AN>*ISM SOON BECAME ! DOM9ANT =M ( AN>*ISM 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,HE COMBAT$ ! /ATE SOCIALISM ( ,M>X & ,5GELS & LAID ! F\NDATIONS = BO? COMMUNI/-AN>*ISM & AN>*O-SYNDICALISM4 ,HIS PR$ICTIONS AB\T ,M>XISM HAVE BE5 CONFIRM$ & HIS CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM1 ! /ATE & RELIGION AS JU/ AS VALID AS :5 !Y W]E FIR/ EXP\ND$4 ,BO? ! ,RUSSIAN & ,SPANI% REVOLUTIONS HAVE CONFIRM$ ! P[] ( HIS IDEAS ON REVOLUTION4 

,YET ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS >E LESS WELL KN[N ?AN !Y %\LD BE \TSIDE ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,?IS IS DUE TO ! FACT ?AT ,M>XI/S HATE HIM :ILE LIB]ALS CANNOT UND]/& HIM4 ,!IR COMB9$ DI/ORTIONS ( HIS IDEAS HAVE 5SUR$ ?AT MANY RADICALS HAVE FAIL$ TO READ HIM & SEE = !MSELVES ! P[] ( HIS !ORIES4 ,SO :Y %\LD WE BE 9T]E/$ 9 :AT A DEAD ,RUSSIAN HAD TO SAY 9 ! #a#h#fS & #a#h#gS8 

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,BAKUN9'S REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS :]E ROOT$ 9 MAT]IALISM4 ,= HIM1 0FACTS >E BE=E IDEAS0 & ! IDEAL WAS 0BUT A FL[]1 :OSE ROOT LIES 9 ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE40 ,FROM ?IS BASE HE PRODUC$ A COH]5T DEF5SE ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & ITS BASIS 9 A FREE SOCIETY & COOP]ATION BETWE5 EQUALS4 ,REJECT+ ! AB/RACT 9DIVIDUALISM ( LIB]ALISM & O!R IDEALI/ !ORIES1 HE SAW ?AT REAL FRE$OM WAS POSSIBLE ONLY :5 ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY EXI/$3 0,NO MAN CAN A*IEVE HIS [N EMANCIPATION )\T AT ! SAME TIME WORK+ = ! EMANCIPATION ( ALL M5 >\ND HIM4 ,MY FRE$OM IS ! FRE$OM ( ALL S9CE ,I AM NOT TRULY FREE 9 ?\<T & 9 FACT1 EXCEPT :5 MY FRE$OM & MY RI<TS >E CONFIRM$ & APPROV$ 9 ! FRE$OM & RI<TS ( ALL M5 :O >E MY EQUALS40 

,= ,BAKUN91 0MAN 9 ISOLATION CAN HAVE NO AW>5ESS ( HIS LIB]TY 444 ,LIB]TY IS !RE=E A FEATURE NOT ( ISOLATION BUT ( 9T]ACTION1 NOT ( EXCLUSION BUT RA!R ( CONNECTION40 ,AS CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGY GLORIFIES ! AB/RACT 9DIVIDUAL1 IT 0PROCLAIMS FREE WILL1 & ON ! RU9S ( EV]Y LIB]TY F\NDS AU?ORITY40 ,?IS WAS UNSURPRIS+1 AS EV]Y DEVELOPM5T 0IMPLIES ! NEGATION ( ITS PO9T ( DEP>TURE40 ,?US 0Y\ WILL ALWAYS F9D ! IDEALI/S 9 ! V]Y ACT ( PRACTICAL MAT]IALISM1 :ILE Y\ SEE ! MAT]IALI/S PURSU+ & REALIZ+ ! MO/ GR&LY IDEAL ASPIRATIONS & ?\<TS40 ,?IS IS OBVI\S TODAY :5 ! 0LIB]T>IAN0 RI<T'S DEF5SE ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY NEV] GETS F> FROM OPPOS+ TAXATION :ILE DEF5D+ 0! MANAGEM5T'S RI<T TO MANAGE0 TO MAXIMIZE PR(ITS4 ,AB/RACT 9DIVIDUALISM CANNOT HELP BUT JU/IFY AU?ORITY OV] LIB]TY4 ,AN>*ISM1 H[EV]1 0D5IES FREE WILL & 5DS 9 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( LIB]TY40 

,?IS MEANT ?AT AN>*ISM 0REJECTS ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY40 ,:ILE ,5GELS NEV] C\LD UND]/& :AT ,BAKUN9 MEANT BY ?IS1 ! CONCEPT IS SIMPLE4 ,= ,BAKUN91 0! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY0 WAS ! 0EM95TLY !OLOGICAL1 METAPHYSICAL & POLITICAL IDEA ?AT ! MASSES1 ALWAYS 9CAPABLE ( GOV]N+ !MSELVES1 MU/ SUBMIT AT ALL TIMES TO ! B5EVOL5T YOKE ( A WISDOM & A JU/ICE1 :I* 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 IS IMPOS$ FROM ABOVE40 ,9/EAD ( ?IS1 ,BAKUN9 ADVOCAT$ :AT LATT] BECAME KN[N AS 0SELF-MANAGEM5T40 ,9 SU* AN ORGANIZATION 0HI]>*IC ORD] & ADVANCEM5T DO NOT EXI/0 & !RE W\LD BE 0VOLUNT>Y & ?\<TFUL DISCIPL9E0 = 0COLLECTIVE WORK OR ACTION40 0,9 SU* A SY/EM10 ,BAKUN9 /RESS$1 0P[]1 PROP]LY SPEAK+1 NO LONG] EXI/S4 ,P[] IS DIFFUS$ TO ! COLLECTIVITY & BECOMES ! TRUE EXPRESSION ( ! LIB]TY ( EV]YONE1 ! FAI?FUL & S9C]E REALIZATION ( ! WILL ( ALL 444 ?IS IS ! ONLY TRUE DISCIPL9E1 ! DISCIPL9E NECESS>Y = ! ORGANIZATION ( FRE$OM40 

,FRE$OM1 AS ,BAKUN9 >GU$1 IS A PRODUCT ( CONNECTION1 NOT ( ISOLATION4 ,H[ A GR\P ORGANIZES ITSELF DET]M9ES :E!R IT IS AU?ORIT>IAN OR LIB]T>IAN4 ,BY ! T]M 0PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY0 ,BAKUN9 MEANT HI]>*Y RA!R ?AN ORGANIZATION & ! NE$ TO MAKE AGREEM5TS4 ,HE RHETORICALLY ASK$ 0DOES IT FOLL[ ?AT ,I REJECT ALL AU?ORITY80 & ANSW]$ QUITE CLE>LY3 0,NO1 F> BE IT FROM ME TO 5T]TA9 SU* A ?\<T40 ,HE ACKN[L$G$ ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 BE+ AN AU?ORITY -- AN EXP]T -- & BE+ 9 AU?ORITY4 ,SIMIL>LY1 HE >GU$ ?AT AN>*I/S 0RECOGNIZE ALL NATURAL AU?ORITY1 & ALL 9FLU5CE ( FACT UPON US1 BUT NONE ( RI<T40 ,HE /RESS$ ?AT ! 0ONLY GREAT & OMNIPOT5T AU?ORITY1 AT ONCE NATURAL & RATIONAL1 ! ONLY ONE WE RESPECT1 WILL BE ?AT ( ! COLLECTIVE & PUBLIC SPIRIT ( A SOCIETY F\ND$ ON EQUALITY & SOLID>ITY & ! MUTUAL RESPECT ( ALL ITS MEMB]S40 

,GIV5 HIS LOVE ( FRE$OM & HO/ILITY TO HI]>*Y1 ,BAKUN9 ALSO REJECT$ ! /ATE1 CAPITALISM & RELIGION4 ,9 ESSAY 0,GOD & ! ,/ATE0 ,BAKUN9 >GU$ ! NECESSITY ( A!ISM1 >GU+ ?AT 0IF ,GOD IS1 MAN IS A SLAVE2 N[1 MAN CAN & MU/ BE FREE1 !N1 ,GOD DOES NOT EXI/0 = ! 0IDEA ( ,GOD IMPLIES ! ABDICATION ( HUMAN REASON & JU/ICE2 IT IS ! MO/ DECISIVE NEGATION ( HUMAN LIB]TY1 & NECESS>ILY 5DS 9 ! 5SLAVEM5T ( MANK9D1 BO? 9 !ORY & 9 PRACTICE40 ,NOT M9C+ HIS WORDS1 HE /AT$ ?AT 0IF ,GOD REALLY EXI/$ IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO ABOLI% HIM40 

,AS WELL AS OPPOS+ DIV9E AU?ORITY1 HE REJECT$ MORE CONCRETE ONES AS WELL4 ,! /ATE1 HE >GU$1 IS AN 9/RUM5T ( CLASS RULE4 ,IT 0IS ! ORGANIZ$ AU?ORITY1 DOM9ATION & P[] ( ! POSSESS+ CLASSES OV] ! MASSES0 & 0D5OTES =CE1 AU?ORITY1 PR$OM9ANCE2 IT PRESUPPOSES 9EQUALITY 9 FACT40 ,?IS 9EQUALITY 9 P[] IS REQUIR$ TO MA9TA9 CLASS SOCIETY & SO ! /ATE HAS EVOLV$ A HI]>*ICAL & C5TRALIZ$ /RUCTURE3 0,EV]Y /ATE P[]1 EV]Y GOV]NM5T1 BY ITS NATURE PLACES ITSELF \TSIDE & OV] ! PEOPLE & 9EVITABLY SUBORD9ATES !M TO AN ORGANIZATION & TO AIMS :I* >E =EIGN TO & OPPOS$ TO ! REAL NE$S & ASPIRATIONS ( ! PEOPLE40 ,= ,BAKUN91 A POPUL> OR TRULY DEMOCRATIC /ATE WAS IMPOSSIBLE AS EV]Y /ATE MEANT 0! ACTUAL SUBJECTION ( 444 ! PEOPLE 444 TO ! M9ORITY ALLEG$LY REPRES5T+ IT BUT ACTUALLY GOV]N+ IT40 

,HIS CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM BUILT UPON ,PR\DHON'S4 ,UND] CAPITALISM 0! WORK] SELLS HIS P]SON & HIS LIB]TY = A GIV5 TIME0 & 0CONCLUD$ = A T]M ONLY & RES]V+ TO ! WORK] ! RI<T TO QUIT HIS EMPLOY]1 ?IS CONTRACT CON/ITUTES A SORT ( VOLUNT>Y & TRANSITORY S]FDOM40 ,PROP]TY MEANT = ! CAPITALI/ 0! P[] & ! RI<T1 GU>ANTE$ BY ! ,/ATE1 TO LIVE 444 BY EXPLOIT+ ! WORK ( SOMEONE ELSE40 ,= ,BAKUN91 ! CONSI/5T LIB]T>IAN MU/ ALSO BE A SOCIALI/1 AS 0ONLY ASSOCIAT$ LABOR1 ?AT IS1 LABOR ORGANIZ$ UPON ! PR9CIPLES ( RECIPROCITY & COOP]ATION1 IS ADEQUATE TO ! TASK ( MA9TA9+ 444 CIVILIZ$ SOCIETY40 

,HIS OPPOSITION TO OPPRESSION WAS NOT LIMIT$ TO JU/ ! ECONOMY4 ,HE OPPOS$ SEXISM & SUPPORT$ ! EQUALITY & LIB]TY ( WOM54 ,HIS OPPOSITION TO IMP]IALISM IS WELL KN[N4 ,UNLIKE ,M>X & ,5GELS1 :O HAPPILY SUPPORT$ IMP]IALISM AGA9/ 0BACKW>D0 PEOPLES1 = ,BAKUN9 0EV]Y PEOPLE1 LIKE EV]Y P]SON1 444 HAS A RI<T TO BE ITSELF40 

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,BAKUN9 WAS NO PASSIVE CRITIC ( ! EXI/+ SY/EM4 ,9 HIS EYES !RE W]E ?REE ME?ODS TO ESCAPE ! MIS]Y ( CAPITALISM3 ! PUB1 ! *UR* & SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! FIR/ WAS 0DEBAU*]Y ( ! BODY10 ! SECOND 0( ! M9D40 ,ONLY ! LA/ (F]$ G5U9E HOPE & SO HE TOOK P>T 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL & SAW COLLECTIVE CLASS /RUGGLE & ORGANIZATION AS ! MEANS ( BO? FI<T+ = IMPROVEM5TS TODAY & AS ! MEANS ( CREAT+ A FREE SOCIETY4 0,ORGANIZE ! CITY PROLET>IAT 9 ! NAME ( REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALISM10 HE >GU$1 0& 9 DO+ ?IS UNITE IT 9TO ONE PREP>ATORY ORGANIZATION TOGE!R ) ! PEASANTRY40 ,PREFIGUR+ AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1 HE /RESS$ ?AT AN>*I/S %\LD TAKE AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T = 0TO CREATE A PEOPLE'S =CE CAPABLE ( CRU%+ ! MILIT>Y & CIVIL =CE ( ! ,/ATE1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO ORGANIZE ! PROLET>IAT40 

,! /RIKE PLAY$ A KEY ROLE 9 HIS IDEAS1 AS IT WAS 0! BEG9N+S ( ! SOCIAL W> ( ! PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE0 & 0AWAK50 9 ! MASSES 0! FEEL+ ( ! DEEP ANTAGONISM :I* EXI/S BETWE5 !IR 9T]E/S & ?OSE ( ! B\RGEOISIE0 & E/ABLI%ES 0V]Y FACT ( SOLID>ITY40 ,!Y 0CREATE1 ORGANIZE1 & =M A WORK]S' >MY1 AN >MY :I* IS B\ND TO BREAK D[N ! P[] ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ! ,/ATE1 & LAY ! GR\ND = A NEW WORLD40 ,BAKUN9 SUPPORT$ ! G5]AL /RIKE1 = 0) ! IDEAS ( EMANCIPATION ?AT N[ HOLD SWAY OV] ! PROLET>IAT1 A G5]AL /RIKE CAN RESULT ONLY 9 A GREAT CATACLYSM :I* =CES SOCIETY TO %$ ITS OLD SK940 

,HIS ACTIVITY 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL BR\<T HIM 9TO CONFLICT ) ,M>XISM4 ,HE REJECT$ ,M>X'S IDEAS = NUM]\S REASONS4 ,HE OPPOS$ ! P>TICIPATION ( RADICALS 9 B\RGEOIS ELECTIONS1 CORRECTLY PR$ICT+ ?AT :5 0! WORK]S 444 S5D COMMON WORK]S 444 TO ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLIES 444 ,! WORK]-DEPUTIES1 TRANSPLANT$ 9TO A B\RGEOIS 5VIRONM5T 444 WILL 9 FACT CEASE TO BE WORK]S &1 BECOM+ ,/ATESM51 !Y WILL BECOME B\RGEOIS40 ,! DESC5T ( ,M>XI/ SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY 9TO RE=MISM & OPPORTUNISM CONFIRM$ ,BAKUN9'S WORSE FE>S4 

,9/EAD ( POLITICAL ACTION1 ,BAKUN9 >GU$ = 0! SOCIAL 7& !RE=E ANTI-POLITICAL7 ORGANIZATION & P[] ( ! WORK+ MASSES ( ! CITIES & VILLAGES40 ,?IS MEANT ?AT ! 0PROLET>IAT 444 MU/ 5T] ! ,9T]NATIONAL .<,WORK]S' ,ASSOCIATION.> 5 MASSE1 =M FACTORY1 >TISAN1 & AGR>IAN SECTIONS1 & UNITE !M 9TO LOCAL F$]ATIONS0 = 0! SAKE ( ITS [N LIB]ATION40 ,AN>*ISM1 H[EV]1 0DOES NOT REJECT POLITICS G5]ALLY4 ,IT WILL C]TA9LY BE =C$ TO 9VOLVE ITSELF 9S(> AS IT WILL BE =C$ TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! B\RGEOIS CLASS4 ,IT ONLY REJECTS B\RGEOIS POLITICS 444 .<AS IT.> E/ABLI%ES ! PR$ATORY DOM9ATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE40 

,AS = ,M>X'S 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT10 ,BAKUN9 REJECT$ IT = TWO REASONS4 ,FIR/LY1 IF TAK5 LIT]ALLY1 ! T]M AT ! TIME MEANT A DICTATOR%IP BY A M9ORITY4 ,AS ,M>X HIMSELF ADMITT$1 ! PEASANTRY & >TISANS MADE UP ! MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ MASSES 9 EV]Y ,EUROPEAN C\NTRY B> ! ,U,K4 ,?IS MEANT ,M>X'S VISION ( 0REVOLUTION0 EXCLUD$ ! MAJORITY ( WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,BAKUN9 OBJECT$ ?AT ?IS WAS 0NO?+ MORE OR LESS ?AN A NEW >I/OCRACY1 ?AT ( ! URBAN & 9DU/RIAL WORK]S1 TO ! EXCLUSION ( ! MILLIONS :O MAKE UP ! RURAL PROLET>IAT & :O 444 WILL 9 EFFECT BECOME SUBJECTS ( ?IS GREAT SO-CALL$ POPUL> ,/ATE40 

,SECONDLY1 HE D\BT$ :E!R ! :OLE PROLET>IAT W\LD ACTUALLY GOV]N 9 ! NEW /ATE4 ,RA!R 0BY POPUL> GOV]NM5T0 ! ,M>XI/S 0MEAN GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE BY A SMALL NUMB] ( REPRES5TATIVES ELECT$ BY ! PEOPLE4 ,SO-CALL$ POPUL> REPRES5TATIVES & RUL]S ( ! /ATE ELECT$ BY ! 5TIRE NATION ON ! BASIS ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE 444 IS A LIE BEH9D :I* LIES ! DESPOTISM ( A RUL+ M9ORITY IS CONCEAL$40 ,L59'S REGIME PROV$ HIM RI<T1 QUICKLY BECOM+ ! DICTATOR%IP OV] ! PROLET>IAT4 

,BAKUN9'S OPPOSITION TO ! 0WORK]S' /ATE0 HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ORGANIZ+ OR DEF5D+ A REVOLUTION1 AS ,M>XI/S CLAIM4 ,BAKUN9 WAS WELL AW>E ( ! NE$ = BO? AFT] DE/ROY+ ! /ATE & ABOLI%+ CAPITALISM4 ,= HIM1 ! AN>*I/ ABOLITION ( ! /ATE DID NOT MEAN ! WORK]S 7TO QUOTE ,M>X7 0LAY D[N !IR >MS40 ,BAKUN9 WAS CLE> ?AT 09 ORD] TO DEF5D ! REVOLUTION 444 VOLUNTE]S WILL 444 =M A COMMUNAL MILITIA40 ,!SE W\LD 0F$]ATE444 = COMMON DEF5SE40 ,! COMMUNES W\LD 0ORGANIZE A REVOLUTION>Y =CE CAPABLE ( DEFEAT+ REACTION0 & 0IT IS ! V]Y FACT ( ! EXPANSION & ORGANIZATION ( ! REVOLUTION = ! PURPOSE ( SELF-DEF5SE AMONG ! 9SURG5T >EAS ?AT WILL BR+ AB\T ! TRIUMPH ( ! REVOLUTION40 

,NO1 ,BAKUN9'S OPPOSITION TO ,M>XISM RE/$ ON ! QUE/ION ( P[]4 ,IF WORK+ CLASS EMANCIPATION WAS TO BE G5U9E1 ! /ATE HAD TO BE DE/ROY$4 ,= IF 0! :OLE PROLET>IAT 444 .<>E.> MEMB]S ( ! GOV]NM5T 444 !RE WILL BE NO GOV]NM5T1 NO /ATE1 BUT1 IF !RE IS TO BE A /ATE !RE WILL BE ?OSE :O >E RUL$ & ?OSE :O >E SLAVES40 ,?US AN>*I/S DO 0NOT ACCEPT1 EV5 9 ! PROCESS ( REVOLUTION>Y TRANSITION1 EI!R CON/ITU5T ASSEMBLIES1 PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5TS OR SO-CALL$ REVOLUTION>Y DICTATOR%IPS2 BECAUSE WE >E CONV9C$ ?AT REVOLUTION IS ONLY S9C]E1 HONE/ & REAL 9 ! H&S ( ! MASSES1 & ?AT :5 IT IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 ?OSE ( A FEW RUL+ 9DIVIDUALS IT 9EVITABLY & IMM$IATELY BECOMES REACTION40 

,9/EAD ( A 0REVOLUTION>Y0 GOV]NM5T RUL+ ! MASSES FROM ABOVE 9 A C5TRALIZ$ /ATE1 AN AN>*I/ REVOLUTION W\LD BE BAS$ ON A F$]ATION ( COMMUNES & WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,! V]Y PROCESS ( COLLECTIVE CLASS /RUGGLE W\LD1 = ,BAKUN9 CREATE ! BASIS ( A FREE SOCIETY4 ,! 0F$]ATIVE ,ALLIANCE ( ALL WORK+ M5'S .<SIC6.> ASSOCIATIONS 444 .<W\LD.> CON/ITUTE ! ,COMMUNE0 & SO ! 0FUTURE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION MU/ BE MADE SOLELY FROM ! BOTTOM UPW>DS1 BY ! FREE ASSOCIATION OR F$]ATION ( WORK]S1 FIR/LY 9 !IR UNIONS1 !N 9 ! COMMUNES1 REGIONS1 NATIONS & F9ALLY 9 A GREAT F$]ATION1 9T]NATIONAL & UNIV]SAL40 ,! C\NCILS FROM BOTTOM TO TOP W\LD BE COMPOS$ ( 0DELEGATES 444 VE/$ ) PL5>Y BUT ACC\NTABLE & REMOVABLE M&ATES40 

,! BASIC /RUCTURE CREAT$ BY ! REVOLUTION W\LD BE BAS$ ON ! WORK+ CLASSES [N COMBAT ORGANIZATIONS1 AS CREAT$ 9 !IR /RUGGLES )91 BUT AGA9/1 OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 ,& !SE1 NOT A RUL+ P>TY1 W\LD MAKE ! DECISIONS3 0,S9CE REVOLUTION EV]Y:]E MU/ BE CREAT$ BY ! PEOPLE & SUPREME CONTROL MU/ ALWAYS BELONG TO ! PEOPLE ORGANIZ$ 9 A FREE F$]ATION ( AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL ASSOCIATIONS 444 ORGANIZ$ FROM ! BOTTOM UPW>DS BY MEANS ( REVOLUTION>Y DELEGATION40 ,! REVOLUTION>Y GR\P 09FLU5CES ! PEOPLE EXCLUSIVELY ?R\< ! NATURAL1 P]SONAL 9FLU5CE ( ITS MEMB]S1 :O HAVE NOT ! SLI<TE/ P[]0 )9 POPUL> ORGANIZATIONS4 

,YET ,BAKUN9'S VISION ( REVOLUTION WAS NOT PURELY DIRECT$ AT ! /ATE1 IT WAS DIRECT$ ALSO AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,A FREE SOCIETY WAS BAS$ ON 0! L&1 ! 9/RUM5TS ( WORK & ALL O!R CAPITAL0 BECOM+ 0! COLLECTIVE PROP]TY ( ! :OLE ( SOCIETY & BE UTILIZ$ ONLY BY ! WORK]S1 9 O!R WORDS BY ! AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL ASSOCIATIONS40 ,?US ONE ( ! FIR/S ACT ( ! REVOLUTION WAS ! WORK]S MAK+ 0A CLEAN SWEEP ( ALL ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR1 EV]Y K9D ( CAPITAL & BUILD+40 ,= 0NO REVOLUTION C\LD SUCCE$ 444 UNLESS IT WAS SIMULTANE\SLY A POLITICAL & A SOCIAL REVOLUTION40 ,! SOCIAL REVOLUTION TO BE1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE & ( CAPITALISM4 

,! NEW1 FREE1 SOCIETY W\LD BE ORGANIZ$ 0FROM ! BOTTOM-UP10 AS A 0TRULY POPUL> ORGANIZATION BEG9S FROM BEL[1 FROM ! ASSOCIATION1 FROM ! COMMUNE4 ,?US />T+ \T ) ! ORGANIZATION ( ! L[E/ NUCLEUS & PROCE$+ UPW>D1 F$]ALISM BECOMES A POLITICAL 9/ITUTION ( SOCIALISM1 ! FREE & SPONTANE\S ORGANIZATION ( POPUL> LIFE40 ,ECONOMICALLY1 WAGE SLAV]Y W\LD BE REPLAC$ BY COOP]ATIVE PRODUCTION1 :I* W\LD 0FL\RI% & REA* ITS FULL POT5TIAL ONLY 9 A SOCIETY :]E ! L&1 ! 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION1 & H]$IT>Y PROP]TY WILL BE [N$ & OP]AT$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES3 BY !IR FREELY ORGANIZ$ F$]ATIONS ( 9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL WORK]S40 

,9 ?IS WAY1 0EV]Y HUMAN BE+ %\LD HAVE ! MAT]IAL & MORAL MEANS TO DEVELOP HIS HUMANITY40 ,BAKUN9'S AN>*ISM WAS AB\T *ANG+ SOCIETY & ABOLI%+ ALL =MS ( AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIAL RELATION%IP1 PUTT+ LIFE BE=E ! SPIRIT-DE/ROY+ NATURE ( ! /ATE & CAPITALISM4 ,= ! AN>*I/ 0TAKES HIS /& ON HIS POSITIVE RI<T TO LIFE & ALL ITS PLEASURES1 BO? 9TELLECTUAL1 MORAL & PHYSICAL4 ,HE LOVES LIFE1 & 9T5DS TO 5JOY IT TO ! FULL40 

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,BAKUN9'S IDEAS ( :AT TO REPLACE CAPITALISM ) >E /ILL VALID1 AS >E HIS SUGGE/IONS ON H[ TO A*IEVE SOCIALISM4 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE WAS A /RIK+ CONFIRMATION ( MANY ( HIS IDEAS1 AS W]E ! SOVIETS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! COLLECTIVES ( ! ,SPANI%4 ,HIS CRITIQUE ( ,M>XISM HAS BE5 PROV5 RI<T3 ,SOCIAL DEMOCRACY BECAME AS RE=MI/ AS HE PR$ICT$ :ILE ,BOL%EVISM WAS AS AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,!SE SUGGE/ ?AT ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS >E WOR? CONSID]+ TODAY4 ,NOT1 ?\<1 TO M9DLESS REPEAT BUT TO BUILT ON & DEVELOPM5T4 

,( C\RSE !RE >E MANY ASPECTS ( ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS :I* >E NOT DISCUSS$ H]E1 BO? POSITIVE & NEGATIVE4 ,HIS BIGOTRY AGA9/ ,JEWS & ,G]MANS >E EXAMPLES ( ! LATT]1 AS IS HIS FONDNESS = SECRET SOCIETIES4 ,= ALL ?AT1 ,BAKUN9 IS RI<TFULLY CONSID]$ A KEY AN>*I/ ?9K]4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE AN>*I/S >E NOT 0,BAKUN9I/S0 & CAN REJECT ! P]SONAL FLAWS & FAIL+S ( ANY IMPORTANT AN>*I/ ?9K]4 ,AN>*I/S AGREE ?AT 9 MANY ASPECTS ( HIS IDEAS & LIFE ,BAKUN9 WAS WRONG4 ,?IS DOES NOT DETRACT FROM ! POSITIVE IDEAS HE CONTRIBUT$ TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( AN>*I/ !ORY & PRACTICE4 

,! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION'S PAMPHLET 0,BASIC ,BAKUN90 IS A GOOD1 *EAP & %ORT 9TRODUCTION TO ! IDEAS ( ,BAKUN94 ,?OSE LOOK+ = A MORE SUB/ANTIAL ACC\NT ( HIS LIFE & IDEAS !N 0,BAKUN93 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,FRE$OM0 BY ,BRIAN ,MORRIS IS HI<LY RECOMM5D$4 ,! BE/ 7& MO/ EXP5SIVE7 AC\NT ( ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS IS ,RI*>D ,B4 ,SALTMAN'S 0,! ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,?\<T ( ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN940 

,H[EV]1 READ+ ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S FIR/ H& IS ALWAYS ! BE/4 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS' 0,M>XISM1 ,FRE$OM & ! ,/ATE0 IS A GOOD1 %ORT1 COLLECTION ( TEXTS4 0,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*ISM0 IS A COMPREH5SIVE COLLECTION ( HIS WORKS :ILE 0,! ,BASIC ,BAKUN90 CONTA9S SOME IMPORTANT ESSAYS FROM ! LATE #a#h#fS & E>LY #a#h#gS4 ,BAKUN9'S CLASSIC ESSAY 0,GOD & ! ,/ATE0 IS /ILL AVAILABLE & IS HI<LY RECOMM5D$ :ILE HIS ONLY BOOK 0,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y0 IS WOR? READ+ 7BUT ! CRITIQUE ( ,M>XISM )9 IT IS ONLY A V]Y SMALL P>T ( ! :OLE74 ,VOLUME ONE ( ! AN>*I/ AN?OLOGY 0,NO ,GODS1 ,NO ,MA/]S0 CONTA9S A REPRES5TATIVE COLLECTION ( HIS KEY AN>*I/ WORKS4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,IDEAS ( ,BAKUN9 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,IDEAS ( ,BAKUN9 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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