,P>T #a - ,*APT] #h 
,! ,WORK]S' ,/RIKE 

#aibfaibf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,TEXT 3 

,E>LY 9 ,JUNE ! AN>*I/S ( ,ALEKS&ROVSK 9VIT$ ME TO A CONF]5CE BE+ HELD TO UNIFY ALL ! LOCAL AN>*I/S 9TO A F$]ATION4 ,I CAME IMM$IATELY TO HELP ! COMRADES COME TO AN AGREEM5T4 ,! ,ALEKS&ROVSK AN>*I/S W]E ALL MANUAL OR 9TELLECTUAL WORK]S4 ,=MALLY !Y W]E DIVID$ 9TO AN>*O-COMMUNI/S & AN>*O-9DIVIDUALI/S1 BUT 9 REALITY !Y W]E ALL REVOLUTION>Y AN>*O-COMMUNI/S4 ,ALL ( !M ,I E/EEM$ AS ! CLOSE/ ( FRI5DS & ,I DID MY BE/ TO HELP !M SET UP A F$]ATION4 ,AFT] ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES1 !Y BEGAN TO ORGANIZE ! WORK]S & = A TIME HAD A GREAT IDEOLOGICAL 9FLU5CE ON !M4 

,:5 ,I RETURN$ FROM ,ALEKS&ROVSK1 ! WORK]S ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLE ,UNION ( ,METAL & ,C>P5TRY ,WORK]S 9VIT$ ME TO HELP !M SET UP !IR UNION & SIGN UP AS A MEMB] MYSELF4 ,& :5 ,I DID ?IS !Y ASK$ ME TO DIRECT !IR IMP5D+ /RIKE4 

,N[ ,I WAS COMPLETELY ABSORB$1 FIR/LY BY ! AFFAIRS ( ! ,PEASANT'S ,UNION1 SECONDLY BY ! WORK]S4 ,H[EV]1 AMONG ! WORK]S !RE W]E COMRADES ) A BETT] GRASP ( WORKPLACE PROBLEMS ?AN MYSELF1 = :I* ,I WAS GRATEFUL4 ,I UND]TOOK TO LEAD ! /RIKE1 HOP+ TO W9 OV] !SE F9E COMRADES & DRAW !M 9TO \R ,GR\P4 ,ONE ( !M -- ,V4 ,ANTONOV -- WAS SYMPA!TIC TO ! ,S-,RS4 ,! O!RS W]E NONP>TY4 ,( !SE ESPECIALLY 5]GETIC W]E ,S]EG9 & ,MIRONOV4 

,BE=E DECL>+ ! /RIKE1 ! WORK]S ( BO? F\NDRIES1 ALL ! MILLS1 HOME WORK%OPS1 BLACKSMI?'S & JO9]'S %OPS HELD A MEET+4 ,! UP%OT WAS ?AT ,I WAS ASK$ TO =MULATE !IR DEM&S & PRES5T !M ?R\< ! UNION EXECUTIVE TO ! [N]S ( ! 5T]PRISES4 ,:ILE ?IS WAS GO+ ON IT BECAME CLE> TO ME ?AT COMRADES ,ANTONOV1 ,S]EG91 & ,MIRONOV HAD BE5 WORK+ AS AN>*I/S = QUITE SOME TIME 9 ! WORK%OP COMMITTEES4 ,9 FACT ,ANTONOV HAD BE5 ELECT$ *AIRMAN ( ! ,SOVIET ( ,WORK]S' ,DEPUTIES4 ,!SE COMRADES HAD NOT JO9$ \R ,GR\P ONLY BECAUSE !Y W]E OV]LOAD$ ) !IR WORK 9 ! %OPS4 ,NATURALLY ,I WAS AGA9/ ?IS4 ,FROM ! DAY ( MY RETURN FROM PRISON ,I HAD 9SI/$ ON ! NECESSITY ( \R ,GR\P BE+ WELL-9=M$ AB\T ! WORK ( ALL \R SUPPORT]S AMONG ! PEASANTS4 ,SO ,I /RONGLY URG$ !SE COMRADES TO JO9 ! ,GR\P IMM$IATELY & 9 FUTURE TO COORD9ATE ) US !IR [N WORK 9 ! WORK%OP COMMITTEES & AMONG ! WORK]S G5]ALLY4 ,! COMRADES 5T]$ ! ,GR\P & !N JO9$ ) ME 9 SUMMON+ ! PROPRIETORS ( ALL ! 5T]PRISES 9 ORD] TO PRES5T !M ) ! WORK]S' DEM&S1 :I* R$UC$ SIMPLY TO3 A WAGE 9CREASE ( #h TO #a P]C5T4 

,SU* A PROPOSAL FROM ! WORK]S >\S$ A /ORM ( PROTE/ FROM ! PROPRIETORS :O CATEGORICALLY REFUS$ A WAGE HIKE ( ANY SU* PROPORTIONS4 ,WE GAVE !M ONE DAY TO CONSID] \R POSITION :ILE ! WORK]S CONT9U$ TO WORK AT !IR MA*9ES4 ,! NEXT DAY ! PROPRIETORS CAME TO ! ,UNION ,SOVIET ) !IR [N C\NT] PROPOSAL ( A #ce TO #d P]C5T WAGE 9CREASE4 ,AS REPRES5TATIVES ( ! WORK]S WE CONSID]$ ?IS (F] 9SULT+ &1 AFT] A L5G?Y DEBATE :I* BECAME ABUSIVE ON BO? SIDES1 WE (F]$ !M ONE MORE DAY TO RECONSID]1 AS REQUIR$ BY CIVIL LAW4 ,! PROPRIETORS & !IR AG5TS1 SOME ( :OM KNEW ! CON/ITUTIONS ( TRADE UNIONS BY HE>T & W]E SOCIALI/S BY CONVICTION1 LEFT ! MEET+ ASSUR+ US !Y W\LD NOT BE RETURN+ ! NEXT DAY ) AN (F] HI<] ?AN ! ONE ALREADY ON ! TABLE4 ,!Y KNEW ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES W\LD BACK !M UP4 

,WE CALL$ TOGE!R ! MEMB]S ( ! WORK%OP COMMITTEES & REPRES5TATIVES FROM ! HOME WORK%OPS & DISCUSS$ A SIMULTANE\S WORK /OPPAGE = ! FOLL[+ DAY1 TIM$ TO CO9CIDE ) ! MOM5T :5 ! PROPRIETORS W\LD LEAVE ! TRADE UNION ,SOVIET AFT] >RIV+ )\T A NEW (F]4 ,IT WAS DECID$ ?AT ! ,SOVIET MU/ PLANT ONE ( ITS SUPPORT]S AT ! TELEPHONE EX*ANGE TO CONNECT MY TELEPHONE DIRECTLY ) ALL ! WORK%OPS4 ,!N ,I C\LD ADVISE ! WORK]S ( ! REJECTION ( !IR DEM&S & ! [N]S1 UPON RETURN+ TO !IR 5T]PRISES1 W\LD BE GREET$ BY DEMON/RATIONS ( /RIK+ WORK]S4 

,I N[ PROPOS$ TO ! MEMB]S ( ! ,TRADE ,UNION EXECUTIVE & FACTORY COMMITTEES A PLAN ( EXPROPRIATION ( ALL ! MONEY CAPITAL TO BE F\ND 9 ! 5T]PRISES & ! ,GULYAI-,POLE ,BANK4 ,I HAD NO ILLUSIONS AB\T \R ABILITY TO TAKE OV] ! 5T]PRISES1 EV5 ) ?IS CA% AT \R DISPOSAL4 ,! UYEZD & GUB]NICA ,PUBLIC ,S]VICE ,COMMITTEES AS WELL AS ! COMMISS>S ( ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T W\LD S5D TROOPS4 ,& !SE TROOPS1 HOP+ TO W9 FAVOR ) ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES & AVOID BE+ S5T TO ! FRONT TO FACE ! ,G]MANS1 W\LD %OOT ! BE/ MILITANTS ( ! WORK]S1 MYSELF 9 P>TICUL>4 ,IT WAS IMPORTANT TO ME TO BR+ =W>D ! IDEA ( EXPROPRIATION ( CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISES AT A TIME :5 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T HAD /ILL NOT SUCCE$$ 9 CONTROLL+ ! LABOR+ MASSES & DIV]T+ !M C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y WAYS4 

,H[EV]1 ! MAJORITY ( MEMB]S ( ! TRADE UNION & FACTORY COMMITTEES E>NE/LY REQUE/$ ?AT ,I REFRA9 FROM PRES5T+ SU* A PLAN ( ACTION TO ! MASS ( ! WORK]S4 ,!Y SAID WE W]5'T READY = SU* A /EP1 JU/IFI$ ?\< IT MI<T BE1 & PREMATURE ACTION ON \R P>T MI<T JEOP>DIZE ANY POSSIBILITY ( C>RY+ \T SU* A PROGRAM 9 ! FUTURE1 :5 WE W\LD BE BETT] PREP>$4 

,AFT] A FRANK DISCUSSION1 ! MEMB]S ( ! ,GR\P CAME TO ! SAME CONCLUSION4 ,IF MY PROPOSALS W]E C>RI$ \T N[1 ! WORK]S W\LD HAVE TO DEP5D ON ! PEASANTRY TO SU/A9 !M BY EXPROPRIAT+ ! E/ATES ( ! POME%*IKS4 ,PRACTICALLY ?IS W\LDN'T BE POSSIBLE UNTIL ! FALL H>VE/4 ,?US WE W\LD BE TAK+ A FATAL /EP4 

,!SE CONCLUSIONS %OOK ME4 ,I NO LONG] 9SI/$ ON IMM$IATE EXPROPRIATION ( ! FACTORIES & WORK%OPS4 ,BUT ,I URG$ ?AT MY PROPOSAL BE ACCEPT$ AS ! BASIS ( ! WORK ( ! FACTORY COMMITTEES -- NAMELY TO PREP>E ! WORK]S TO C>RY \T EXPROPRIATION 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 ,I ASSUR$ ! WORK] COMRADES ?AT ! PEASANTS W]E ALSO ?9K+ ALONG ! SAME L9ES & SAID WE MU/ DEVOTE ALL \R /R5G? TO COORD9ATE ! ASPIRATIONS ( BO? PEASANTS & WORK]S ?AT !Y MI<T BE REALIZ$ 9 PRACTICE SIMULTANE\SLY4 

,MY POSITION WAS ADOPT$4 ,AT ?AT TIME ,I WAS ELECT$ BY ALL ! WORK]S AS *AIRMAN ( ! ,TRADE ,UNION & ,MUTUAL ,AID FUND4 ,COMRADE ,ANTONOV WAS SELECT$ TO BE MY DEPUTY & REPLACEM5T 9 ! EV5T ( MY BE+ OV]LOAD$ ) WORK 9 O!R ORGANIZATIONS4 

,! PEASANTS ALSO *OSE A COMRADE AS A BACK-UP :O C\LD REPLACE ME4 ,BUT 9 BO? CASES ! RANK-&-FILE 9SI/$ ANY 9ITIATIVES COME FROM ME & ?AT ,I COORD9ATE ! ACTIVITIES ( BO? ORGANIZATIONS4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,! PROPRIETORS ( ! FACTORIES1 MILLS & WORK%OPS CAME AGA9 TO ! ,TRADE ,UNION ,SOVIET4 ,!IR POSITION HAD NOT *ANG$ FROM ! PREVI\S DAY4 ,AFT] TWO H\RS ( B>GA9+ !Y HAD A FIT ( G5]OSITY & AGRE$ TO 9CREASE WAGES BY #de TO #f P]C5T4 ,MY RESPONSE1 AS *AIRMAN ( ! MEET+1 WAS TO DECL>E \R NEGOTIATIONS AT AN 5D4 0,! ,TRADE ,UNION ,SOVIET HAS EMP[]$ ME TO TAKE CONTROL OV] ALL PUBLIC 5T]PRISES DIRECT$ BY Y\1 CITIZ5S1 BUT NOT RI<TFULLY BELONG+ TO Y\4 ,WE %ALL SETTLE ) Y\ ON ! /REET 9 FRONT ( Y\R RESPECTIVE BUS9ESSES4 ,MEET+ ADJ\RN$60 

,I COLLECT$ MY PAP]S & HEAD$ = ! TELEPHONE4 ,AT ?IS MOM5T1 ! [N] ( ! L>GE/ FACTORY 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE1 ,BORIS ,MIKHAILOVI* ,K]N]1 GOT UP FROM HIS SEAT & EXCLAIM$3 0,NE/OR ,IVANOVI*1 DON'T BE 9 SU* A HURRY TO 5D ! MEET+4 ,P]SONALLY ,I CONSID] ! WORK]S' DEM& TOTALLY JU/IFI$4 ,!Y >E RI<T TO EXPECT US TO COMPLY ) !IR PROPOSAL & ,I1 = ONE1 WILL SIGN MY AGREEM5T TO ?IS444 40 

,! O!R PROPRIETORS & ESPECIALLY !IR AG5TS CRI$ 9DIGNANTLY3 0,:AT >E Y\ DO+1 ,BORIS ,MIKHAILOVI*80 

0,NO1 NO1 G5TLEM51 Y\ DO AS Y\ WI%4 ,I'M OBLIGAT$ TO SATISFY ! DEM& ( MY WORK]S10 REPLI$ ,K]N]4 

,I TOLD !M ALL TO CALM D[N1 CALL$ = ORD]1 & ASK$3 0,CITIZ5S1 Y\'RE ALL /ICKL]S = LAW & ORD]4 ,IS IT LEGAL TO RE-OP5 ! MEET+ TO DISCUSS ! SAME QUE/ION :I* L$ TO ITS ADJ\RNM5T80 

0,C]TA9LY1 C]TA9LY60 WAS HE>D FROM ALL ! PROPRIETORS & !IR AG5TS4 

0,!N ,I DECL>E ! MEET+ OP5 & PROPOSE ?AT ALL ( Y\ SIGN ! CONTRACT RAIS+ ! WORK]S' WAGES BY #h TO #a P]C5T40 ,& ,I H&$ \T COPIES ( ! CONTRACT PREVI\SLY PREP>$4 ,FEEL+ RA!R FA9T FROM FATIGUE & N]V\S T5SION1 ,I H&$ OV] ! MEET+ TO COMRADE ,MIRONOV & RETIR$ TO ANO!R ROOM TO TAKE A %ORT BREAK4 

,HALF AN H\R LAT] ,I RETURN$ TO ! MEET+ HALL4 ,! PROPRIETORS BEGAN TO SIGN ! TEXT ( MY PROPOS$ CONDITIONS4 ,:5 !Y HAD ALL SIGN$ & LEFT ! ,UNION HALL1 ,I SAT AT ! TELEPHONE & CALL$ ! WORK]-COMRADES 9 ALL ! 5T]PRISES AB\T ! SUCCESS ( \R NEGOTIATIONS1 AB\T ! ACCEPTANCE ( \R DEM&S1 & ADVIS$ EV]YONE TO /AY AT !IR JOBS UNTIL EV5+4 ,& 9 ! EV5+ ! MEMB]S ( ! ,UNION ,SOVIET MADE DETAIL$ REPORTS AB\T \R COLLECTIVE VICTORY444 4 

,FROM ?AT TIME ON ! WORK]S ( ,GULYAI-,POLE & ! SURR\ND+ REGION PREP>$ !MSELVES & ORGANIZ$ ALL !IR WORKPLACES4 ,!Y /UDI$ ! ECONOMIC & ADM9I/RATIVE ASPECTS ( !IR 5T]PRISES & READI$ !MSELVES = ! SEIZURE & DIRECT MANAGEM5T ( !SE BUS9ESSES4 

,ALSO FROM ?IS TIME ,GULYAI-,POLE ATTRACT$ ! SPECIAL ATT5TION ( ! ,EKAT]9OSLAV ,PUBLIC ,COMMITTEE1 ALONG ) ! ,UKRA9IAN NATIONALI/ 0,SELYAN'SKA SPILKA0 .<,PEASANTS' ,UNION.>1 ! ,PROV9CIAL ,SOVIET ( ,WORK]S'1 ,PEASANTS'1 & ,SOLDI]S' ,DEPUTIES1 & ! ,PROV9CIAL ,9DU/RIAL ,COMMITTEE1 NOT TO M5TION V>I\S ,ALEKS&ROVSK ORGANIZATIONS CONTROLL$ BY AG5TS ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! VISITS TO ,GULYAI-,POLE ( 9/RUCTORS1 ORGANIZ]S1 & PROPAG&I/S FROM !SE PLACES BECAME MORE FREQU5T4 

,BUT !SE AG5TS ALWAYS LEFT )\T RESULTS1 /YMI$ BY ! ACTIONS ( ! PEASANT- & ! WORK]-AN>*I/S4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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