,P>T #b - ,*APT] #af 
,OCTOB] ,C\P ,D'ETAT 9 ,RUSSIA 

#aibfaibf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,TEXT 3 

,REP]CUSSIONS ( ! ,OCTOB] C\P D'ETAT -- 9 ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[1 & !N 9 ! :OLE ( ,RUSSIA -- REA*$ US 9 ,UKRA9E ONLY AT ! 5D ( ,NOVEMB] & ! BEG9N+ ( ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#a#g4 

,UP UNTIL ,DECEMB] #aiag ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S1 BO? URBAN & RURAL1 KNEW ( ! ,OCTOB] C\P D'ETAT ONLY ?R\< ! MANIFE/OS ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ,SOVIETS1 ! ,SOVIET ( ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>S1 & REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES & GR\PS4 ,TWO P>TIES 9 P>TICUL> W]E PROM95T3 ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ! ,LEFT ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,= !SE TWO P>TIES KNEW H[ TO B5EFIT FROM ?IS P]IOD 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TO ATTA9 !IR GOALS4 ,?IS WAS A VA/ UPRIS+ ( WORK]S1 SOLDI]S1 & PEASANTS AGA9/ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 AGA9/ ITS DISGRACEFUL1 BUT FEEBLE1 ATTACKS AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! F\NDATIONS ( ?IS UPRIS+ HAD BE5 LAID BY ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS :I* HAD F\ND A PLACE 9 ! GREAT CURR5T ?AT WAS ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,BUT !SE TWO P>TIES -- ! ONE1 WELL-ORGANIZ$2 ! O!R1 SUBMISSIVELY FOLL[+ ! CRAFTY ,L59 -- KNEW H[ & :5 TO APPROA* ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES1 5TIC+ !M ) !IR LY+ SLOGAN3 0,ALL ,P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS0 & CONGRATULAT+ ! MASSES = !IR SLOGAN 0,! ,L& TO ! ,PEASANTS1 ! ,FACTORIES TO ! ,WORK]S04 ,!SE P>TIES TOOK OV] ! ,REVOLUTION &1 HAV+ AT !IR DISPOSAL AN ABUNDANCE ( PAP] & PR9T+ PRESSES1 !Y PAP]$ T[N & C\NTRY ) !IR MANIFE/OS1 DECL>ATIONS1 & PROGRAMS4 

,! AN>*I/S PLAY$ AN \T/&+ ROLE 9 ?IS 9SURRECTION 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ,MOSC[1 & A S]IES ( O!R 9DU/RIAL C5T]S4 ,!Y W]E 9 ! VANGU>D ( ! SAILORS1 SOLDI]S1 & WORK]S4 ,BUT1 BE+ DISORGANIZ$1 !Y C\LD NOT COMPETE 9 9FLU5CE ) !SE TWO POLITICAL P>TIES1 =M+ A BLOC UND] ! DIRECTION ( ! CRAFTY ,L594 ,!Y KNEW EXACTLY :AT !Y HAD TO DO DUR+ !SE DAYS & MON?S & :AT SORT ( =CES & 5]GY W]E REQUIR$4 ,!IR VOICE WAS HE>D ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY L\D & CLE>1 E*O+ ! AGE-OLD ASPIRATIONS ( ! LABOR+ MASSES3 ! CONQUE/ ( ! L&1 BREAD1 & FRE$OM4 

,MEAN:ILE ! AN>*I/S1 TOTALLY UNCOORD9AT$1 W]E NOT ABLE EV5 TO %[ ! MASSES ! BASIC HYPOCRISY ( !SE TWO POLITICAL P>TIES1 CON/RUCT+ !IR [N RULE OV] ! ,REVOLUTION :ILE SP\T+ SLOGANS :I* W]E ANTI-/ATI/ 9 ESS5CE1 QUITE ALI5 TO !IR AU?ORIT>IAN IDEALS4 

,! TOIL+ MASSES1 DUR+ ! P]IOD :5 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T & ITS DIRECT AG5TS1 ! ,RI<T ,S-,RS & ,KADETS1 W]E C>RY+ \T C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ACTS1 SAW ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,LEFT ,S-,RS AS *AMPIONS ( ! GOALS ( LABOR4 ,?AT !Y W]E FULL ( POLITICAL CUNN+ ! MASSES DID NOT NOTICE4 ,ONLY ! AN>*O-COMMUNI/S & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S W\LD HAVE BE5 ABLE TO JOLT ! MASSES 9TO TAK+ A CLOS] LOOK AT !SE P>TIES4 ,BUT1 FOLL[+ !IR OLD TRADITION1 ! AN>*I/S BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION DID NOT BO!R TO UNITE !IR DIFF]5T GR\PS 9TO A P[]FUL ORGANIZATION4 ,& ONCE ! ,REVOLUTION HAD BEGUN1 !Y W]E TOO BUSY1 EI!R AMONG ! WORK]S OR 9 !IR NEWSPAP] (FICES TO ?9K S]I\SLY AB\T !IR LACK ( SELF-DISCIPL9E & ! NECESSITY ( CREAT+ AN ORGANIZATION :I* W\LD ALL[ !M TO 9FLU5CE ! C\RSE ( EV5TS 9 ! C\NTRY4 

,IT'S TRUE ?AT SOME TIME AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION BEGAN AN>*I/ F$]ATIONS & CONF$]ATIONS SPRANG UP4 ,BUT ! ,OCTOB] EV5TS %[$ ?AT !Y HAD NOT BE5 ABLE TO COPE ) EV5TS4 ,IT W\LD SEEM ?AT P]CEPTIVE AN>*O-COMMUNI/S & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S %\LD IMM$IATELY SET AB\T REEVALUAT+ ! =M ( !IR ORGANIZATIONS1 COM+ UP ) SOME?+ MORE /ABLE & MORE 9 TUNE ) ! MOM5TUM ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,ALAS6 ,?IS DIDN'T HAPP56 ,& BECAUSE ( ?IS 7& A BUN* ( O!R REASONS AS WELL7 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 SO LIVELY & FULL ( REVOLUTION>Y 5?USIASM1 F\ND ITSELF TRAIL+ EV5TS & EV51 AT TIMES1 COMPLETELY %UNT$ TO ! SIDEL9ES1 UNABLE TO FOLL[ AN 9DEP5D5T PA? & 5RI* ! ,REVOLUTION ) ITS IDEAS & TACTICS4 

,?US1 ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS1 EV5TS :I* CLE>$ ! WAY = ! ,SECOND ,GREAT ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 REALLY BEGAN TO MAKE !MSELVES FELT 9 ,UKRA9E ONLY 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#a#g4 

,DUR+ ! P]IOD FROM ,OCTOB] TO ,DECEMB]1 9 ! CITIES & VILLAGES ( ,UKRA9E TOOK PLACE ! TRANS=MATION ( ! ,PUBLIC ,COMMITTEES 7( !SE T]RITORIAL UNITS7 9TO ,ZEM/VO ,BO>DS4 ,N[ IT'S TRUE ?AT P>TICIPATION ( ! TOIL]S 9 ?IS RE-ORGANIZATION WAS M9IMAL & PURELY =MAL4 ,9 MANY RAIONS ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PEASANTS ON ! ,PUBLIC ,COMMITTEES W]E DROPP$ FROM ! ,ZEM/VO ,BO>DS4 ,9 MANY PLACES ! ,PUBLIC ,COMMITTEE WAS SIMPLY RE-NAM$ ! ,ZEM/VO ,BO>D )\T UND]GO+ ANY *ANGE 9 ITS /RUCTURE4 ,BUT (FICIALLY ! :OLE C\NTRY WAS DIVID$ UP 9TO T]RITORIAL UNITS UND] ,ZEM/VO ,BO>DS4 

,P>T ( ! URBAN PROLET>IAN HAD GRADUALLY TAK5 ON A PASSIVE1 WAIT-&-SEE ATTITUDE4 

,! PEASANTS F\ND ! MOM5T AUSPICI\S = OV]?R[+ ! RUL+ P[]S & TAK+ !IR DE/9Y 9TO !IR [N H&S4 ,! PEASANTS ( ,ZAPOROZH'E & ,PREAZOV FOLL[$ ! ,OCTOB] C\P ) GREAT 9T]E/ AS IT SPREAD ACROSS C5TRAL ,RUSSIA 9 ! =M ( >M$ ATTACKS AGA9/ ! ADH]5TS ( ,K]5SKY'S RULE4 ,!Y SAW ! BEG9N+ ( :AT !Y HAD BE5 ATTEMPT+ !MSELVES 9 !IR VILLAGES 9 ,AUGU/ & ,SEPTEMB]4 ,?AT'S :Y ! PEASANTS WELCOM$ ! C\P & TRI$ TO PROMOTE IT 9 !IR [N >EAS4 ,ANY O!R MOTIVES T5D+ TO BR+ TOGE!R ! PEASANTS & ?AT P>T ( ! WORK]S :O REJECT$ PASSIVITY & SUPPORT$ ! C\P DID NOT EXI/4 ,?US REVOLUTION>Y ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S ( BO? T[N & C\NTRY REACT$ JOYFULLY TO ! ,OCTOB] C\P AS !Y 5C\NT]$ IT ?R\< MANIFE/OS & NEWSPAP]S4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,UKRA9IAN REVOLUTION>Y TOIL]S W]E NOT 5?US$ BY ! FACT ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,LEFT ,S-,RS W]E N[ 9 P[]4 ,! CLASS-CONSCI\S PEASANTS & WORK]S SAW 9 ?IS A NEW PHASE ( 9T]V5TION BY ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y CREATIVITY ( ! TOIL]S AT ! LOCAL LEVEL1 & CONSEQU5TLY A NEW W> BETWE5 C5TRAL P[] & ! PEOPLE4 ,AS = ! MASS ( ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S1 ! PEASANTS ( ! D[NTRODD5 VILLAGES 9 P>TICUL>1 !Y SAW 9 ?IS NEW REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T ONLY A GOV]NM5T LIKE ALL GOV]NM5TS1 :I* !Y ONLY HAD OCCASION TO NOTICE :5 IT DESPOIL$ !M ) ITS V>I\S TAXES1 :5 IT CONSCRIPT$ SOLDI]S1 OR 9T]V5$ ) O!R ACTS ( VIOL5CE 9 !IR >DU\S LIVES4 ,ONE W\LD (T5 HE> ! PEASANTS EXPRESS !IR TRUE OP9ION ( ! PRE-REVOLUTION>Y & REVOLUTION>Y AU?ORITIES4 ,!Y SEEM$ TO BE JOK+1 BUT !Y W]E ACTUALLY SPEAK+ S]I\SLY FROM A BACKGR\ND ( SUFF]+ & HATR$ :5 !Y SAID ?AT AFT] !Y HAD DRIV5 ! FOOL ,NI*OLAS ,ROMANOV FROM P[]1 ,K]5SKY HAD !N PLAY$ ! FOOL4 ,N[ ?AT HE HAD BE5 *AS$1 0,:O WILL N[ PLAY ! FOOL AT \R EXP5SE80 

0,LORD ,L5910 SAID SOME4 

,O!RS SAID1 0,)\T ! 'FOOL' WE C\LDN'T MANAGE40 7,BY ! WORD 'FOOL' !Y ALWAYS MEANT ! GOV]NM5T47 

0,CITIES ONLY EXI/ = ?IS -- !IR IDEA1 !IR SY/EM IS BAD4 ,!Y BR+ 9TO EXI/5CE ?IS 'FOOL'10 SAID ! PEASANTS4 

,9 REALITY1 ! CRAFTY ,L59 CORRECTLY UND]/OOD ! CITY4 ,HE PLAC$ 9 ! POSITION ( 0FOOL0 A GR\P ( PEOPLE1 UND] ! BANN] ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 :O GOT IT 9TO !IR HEADS ?AT !Y KNEW :AT !Y W]E DO+1 BUT :O ONLY WANT$ P[] = ITS [N SAKE SO !Y C\LD IMPOSE !IR WILL ON O!R PEOPLE & 9 FACT ON ! :OLE HUMAN RACE4 

,! CRAFTY ,L59 RAIS$ ! ROLE ( 0FOOL0 TO HEI<TS PREVI\SLY UNKN[N & ?US ATTRACT$ NOT ONLY MEMB]S ( ! POLITICAL P>TY CLOSE/ TO HIS [N 9 !IR REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY & HI/ORICAL MILITANCY -- ! ,LEFT ,S,RS :O BECAME HIS HALF-CONV9C$ DISCIPLES -- BUT ALSO SOME ( ! AN>*I/S4 ,IT'S TRUE1 !SE (FSPR+ ( ! OLD P>TY ( ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES -- ! ,LEFT ,S,RS -- AFT] #g OR #h MON?S AS ,L59'S LACKEYS CAME TO !IR S5SES & W5T 9TO OPPOSITION AGA9/ ,L59 EV5 TO ! PO9T ( TAK+ UP >MS AGA9/ HIM4 ,BUT ?IS BY NO MEANS *ANGES \R EVALUATION ( !M M5TION$ ABOVE4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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