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,>M$ ,PEASANTRY GO TO ! ,AID ( ! ,CITY ,WORK]S2 ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,REVKOM & ! ,COMMISSION ( ,9QUIRY 

#aibfaibf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,TEXT 3 

,ON ,JANU>Y #c1 #a#i#a#h1 ! ,R$ ,GU>D ,COMM&] ,BOGDANOV ADDRESS$ AN APPEAL = HELP TO ! PEASANTS & WORK]S ( ,GULYAI-,POLE4 

,DUR+ ! NI<T ( ,JANU>Y #d1 \R GR\P ISSU$ AN APPEAL TO ! PEASANTS & WORK]S1 9VIT+ !M TO TAKE UP >MS4 ,ON ! SAME NI<T ,I H&$ OV] MY *AIRMAN%IP 9 ! ,SOVIET TO A COMRADE1 & PLAC$ MYSELF AT ! HEAD ( ! AN>*I/ DETA*M5T1 COMPOS$ ( SEV]AL HUNDR$ PEASANTS4 ,FULLY >M$1 WE SET \T = ,ALEKS&ROVSK4 

,I RECALL ?AT JU/ BE=E LEAV+ ,GULYAI-,POLE \R DETA*M5T1 AT MY 9SI/5CE1 ELECT$ ITS [N COMM&]4 ,I REFUS$ ! POSITION BECAUSE ,I =ESAW ?AT 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK MY PRES5CE MI<T BE REQUIR$ AWAY FROM ! DETA*M5T >RANG+ LIAISON BETWE5 ! CITY & ! VILLAGE4 ,! DETA*M5T !N ELECT$ AS COMM&] MY BRO!R1 ,SAVVA ,MAKHNO4 

,A CR[D ( PEOPLE GA!R$ ALONGSIDE ! DETA*M5T4 ,AS WE W]E LEAV+1 ! OLD M5 SAID TO !IR SONS :O W]E 9 \R RANKS3  
  

0,Y\ >E GO+ TO Y\R DEA?S4 ,& WE ACCEPT ?AT4 ,WE WILL F9D ! /R5G? TO TAKE UP Y\R WEAPONS & FI<T = Y\R IDEAS1 IDEAS :I* W]E UNKN[N TO US NOT SO LONG AGO BUT :I* WE N[ ACCEPT4 ,WE WILL DEF5D !M TO ! DEA?1 IF NECESS>Y4 ,DON'T =GET ?AT1 DE> SONS60  
  

,& ! SONS REPLI$3  
  

0,?ANKS TO Y\ = HAV+ RAIS$ US4 ,N[ WE >E GR[N UP & ABLE TO ASS]T 9 LIFE ! IDEAS ( FRE$OM1 EQUALITY1 & SOLID>ITY4 ,WE W\LD BE HAPPY TO SEE \R FA!RS FI<T+ = !SE GREAT IDEALS4 ,BUT = ! TIME BE+1 FOLL[ \R ACTIONS FROM A DI/ANCE &1 IF WE FAIL 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 5EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 Y\ WILL DEFEAT !M H]E -- & DEFEAT !M =EV]40  
  

,\R F>EWELLS W]E T\*+4 

,EA* ( US KNEW :]E WE W]E GO+ & :Y4 ,AS SOON AS WE W]E SEAT$ 9 ! C>TS C>RY+ US TO ! TRA9 /ATION1 WE BUR/ 9TO REVOLUTION>Y SONGS4 ,HAPPY SMILES LIT UP ! FACES ( !SE Y\NG REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTS1 ! PEOPLE :OM ,M>X & FOLL[]S REG>D$ AS BEA/S ( BURD5 FIT ONLY = OBEY+ ORD]S4 ,N[ H]E !Y W]E1 CONSCI\S ( !MSELVES & AW>E ( !IR DUTY TO ! ,REVOLUTION1 HURRY+ TO HELP ! URBAN WORK]S4 ,= DECADES ! SOCIALI/S ( ALL /RIPES HAD CONSID]$ URBAN WORK]S AS !IR [N CADRE ?R\< :I* !Y W\LD SEIZE P[] & BEG9 TO RULE OV] O!RS4 

,!SE PEASANTS1 KN[+ ! DANG] !Y FAC$1 DID NOT HESITATE TO HA/5 TO ! CITY4 ,!Y W]5'T ! K9D ( REVOLUTION>IES :O LIKE TO TAKE P>T 9 P>ADES & :OSE RADICALISM IS PURELY V]BAL -- NO6 ,!Y W]E TRUE WORK+ CLASS MILITANTS1 DEVOT$ TO ! AN>*I/ IDEAL4 ,!Y MI<T MAKE MI/AKES1 BUT !IR MI/AKES W]E HONE/ ONES & HAPP5$ ONLY BECAUSE !Y W]E MAK+ AN EF=T TO PUT !IR ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN IDEALS 9TO PRACTICE4 

,!RE W]E BETWE5 #h & #i ( !M -- & MORE ?AN #c W]E MEMB]S ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P4 ,!Y W5T TO ! CITY KN[+ ?AT ! URBAN WORK]S W]E !IR BRO!RS1 W]E JU/ AS HO/ILE AS !Y TO ! DOM9ATION ( SOME BY O!RS1 ?AT !Y BECAME UPHOLD]S ( AU?ORITY ONLY :51 UPROOT$ FROM !IR CLASS1 !Y FELL UND] ! SWAY ( POLITICIANS4 

,AS !Y LEFT ,GULYAI-,POLE1 ! PEASANTS KNEW ?AT ! HAPP9ESS & FRE$OM ( ! TOIL]S ( T[N & C\NTRY DEP5D$ ON ! GO+ =W>D ( A TRULY SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 & SO !Y HA/5$ TO ! AID ( ! CITY :I* WAS BE+ BESIEG$ BY ! 5EMIES ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 9 FACT1 ( ,REVOLUTION 9 G5]AL4 

,\R DETA*M5T >RIV$ 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK )\T 9CID5T4 ,! CITY WAS QUIET4 ,! ,R$ ,GU>DS W]E 5SCONC$ 9 !IR TRA9S1 ONLY A FEW PATROLS ROAM$ ! /REETS4 

,BY CONTRA/ ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK AU?ORITIES W]E 5GAG$ 9 FEV]I% ACTIVITY4 ,! ,REVKOM1 COMPOS$ ( ,BOL%EVIKS & ,LEFT ,S,RS1 HAD AT FIR/ TRI$ TO REGULATE ! LIFE ( ! WORK]S4 ,BUT !Y DID NOT SUCCE$3 ! ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/S /OOD 9 ! WAY1 KEEP+ ! WORK]S UP TO DATE AB\T ! DO+S ( ! NEWLY-ELECT$ MUNICIPAL AU?ORITIES4 ,!N ! ,REVKOM DECID$ TO CONF9E ITSELF TO SETT+ UP A UNIT$ FRONT AGA9/ ! ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION4 ,) ?IS 9 M9D !Y PROPOS$ ?AT ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/S S5D TWO DELEGATES TO ! ,REVKOM4 

,! ,F$]ATION APPO9T$ COMRADES ,M4 ,NIKI=OVA & ,YA%A4 ,M4 ,NIKI=OVA WAS IMM$IATELY ELECT$ DEPUTY *AIR ( ! ,REVKOM4 

,ON ! SAME DAY ! ,REVKOM ASK$ \R DETA*M5T TO APPO9T \R [N REPRES5TATIVE4 ,AFT] CONSULT+ ) ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK AN>*I/S :O HAD ALWAYS SUPPORT$ US1 ! DETA*M5T APPO9T$ ME TO REPRES5T ! DETA*M5T AT ! ,REVKOM4 ,JO9+ ! ,REVKOM WAS A NECESSITY ( ! MOM5T4 ,REFUS+ TO TAKE P>T 9 ! ,REVKOM W\LD1 WE BELIEV$1 HAVE A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON ANY FUTURE IDEOLOGICAL /RUGGLE ) ! ,LEFT ,BLOC4 

,UPON \R >RIVAL 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK1 WE PROTE/$ AGA9/ ! CONT9U$ DET5TION ( POLITICAL PRISON]S3 0,:Y HAVE ! PRISONS NOT BE5 EMPTI$80 ,NUM]\S PEASANTS & WORK]S HAD BE5 9C>C]AT$ = REFUS+ TO RECOGNIZE ! REGIMES ( ,K]5SKY & ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 ,ONE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS EXPLA9$ TO US ?AT !Y HAD NOT BE5 FRE$ BECAUSE IT WAS ?\<T !Y W\LD ALSO REBEL AGA9/ ! P[] ( ! ,LEFT ,BLOC4 

,AFT] CONSULT+ ) ! WORK]S :O HAD TIPP$ US (F AB\T !SE PRISON]S :O W]E LANGUI%+ 9 ! CR[B> HOTEL1 WE DECID$ TO S5D A REPRES5TATIVE IMM$IATELY TO ! ,REVKOM TO DEM& !IR RELEASE4 ,IF ! ,REVKOM REFUS$1 WE PLANN$ TO =CE OP5 ! GATES ( ! PRISON1 FREE ! PRISON]S1 & BURN D[N ! PRISON4 

,\R DETA*M5T DELEGAT$ ME TO GO TO ! ,REVKOM AB\T ?IS4 ,! ,REVKOM EMP[]$ ME1 ! ,LEFT-,S,R ,MIRGORODSKY1 ! ,S,R ,MIKHAILOVSKY1 & SOME O!RS TO LIB]ATE ! PRISON4 ,WE W5T !RE1 HAD A LOOK >\ND1 & LI/5$ TO ! GRIEVANCES ( ! PRISON]S4 ,!N WE W5T TO ! PRISON (FICE1 EX*ANG$ OP9IONS1 & LEFT4 ,\R DELEGATION WAS 9COMPLETE -- ! MO/ IMPORTANT FIGURE WAS MISS+4 ,?AT WAS ! ,BOL%EVIK ,LEPIK :O1 BEH9D ! SC5ES1 HAD JU/ BE5 APPO9T$ TO BE 9 *>GE ( ! ,*EKA2 ?IS WAS CONCEAL$ FROM US AT ! TIME4 

,= ME P]SONALLY1 HAV+ BE5 9C>C]AT$ TWICE 9 ?AT PRISON & KN[+ H[ DIRTY & UNCOM=TABLE IT WAS1 IT WAS PA9FUL TO LEAVE )\T FREE+ ANYBODY4 ,BUT ,I LIMIT$ MYSELF ONLY TO EXPRESS+ SOME CRITICISMS ( ,LEPIK &1 TOGE!R ) ,COMRADE ,MIRGORODSKY1 GOT 9 A CAB & RETURN$ TO ! ,REVKOM4 

,AFT] SUPP] WE ALL GOT TOGE!R & DECID$ TO =GE AHEAD4 ,! PRISON WAS EMPTI$4 

,/ILL ACT+ AS AG5TS EMP[]$ BY ! ,REVKOM1 ,I & ! ,LEFT-,S,R ,MIRGORODSKY W]E !N DELEGAT$ TO ! ,FRONT-L9E ,MILIT>Y-,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMISSION AT ! ,R$ ,GU>D UNIT ( ,BOGDANOV4 ,?IS WAS ! FIR/ >M$ GR\P FROM ! NOR? :I* HAD 5T]$ ,UKRA9E UND] ! PRETEXT ( 0HELP+ ! ,UKRA9IAN WORK]S & PEASANTS 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ,C5TRAL ,RADA40 

,I WAS ELECT$ ,*AIR ( ! ,COMMISSION BY ! ,R$ ,GU>DS FROM ,PETROGRAD 7,VYBORG DI/RICT71 & ,COMRADE ,MIRGORODSKY WAS ELECT$ ,SECRET>Y4 ,! ,COMMISSION HAD SEV5 MEMB]S4 ,WE W]E BR\<T A /ACK ( FILES FROM ! ,COMM&]'S (FICE1 DOSSI]S ON ! PRISON]S 9C>C]AT$ 9 ! RAILWAY WAGONS ( ! ,/OLYP9-TYPE :I* W]E C\PL$ TO ! TROOP TRA94 

,WE W]E ASK$ TO EXAM9E ! DOSSI]S & GIVE \R CONCLUSIONS4 ,BUT ,COMRADE ,MIRGORODSKY & ,I PROTE/$ AGA9/ SU* A PROC$URE4 ,WE 9SI/$ ?AT WE C\LD 9 ALL CONSCI5CE EXAM9E ! PAP] WORK ONLY 9 ! PRES5CE ( ! ACCUS$ AGA9/ :OM ?IS PAP] WORK HAD BE5 PUT TOGE!R4 ,!N WE C\LD ASK ! ACCUS$ TO EXPLA9 TO US :O HE WAS1 UND] :AT CIRCUM/ANCES HE WAS >RE/$1 :]E1 ETC4 7,\R FELL[ MEMB]S ON ! ,COMMISSION1 ,PETROGRAD]S1 AGRE$ ) \R REASON+ BUT1 AS SUBORD9ATES ( ! ,COMM&]1 W]E UNABLE TO PROTE/ ) US47 

,! ,COMM&] WAS 9DIGNANT AT \R BEHAVIOR BUT FELT UNABLE TO ASK ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,REVKOM TO REPLACE US ) DIFF]5T PEOPLE = MORAL1 POLITICAL1 & /RATEGIC CONSID]ATIONS4 ,9DE$ ! ,REVKOM WAS UNLIKELY TO AGREE & A :OLE /ORM W\LD BE RAIS$ AGA9/ HIM1 A /ORM :I* HE & HIS ,R$ ,GU>DS MI<T NOT SURVIVE4 

,CONSEQU5TLY WE W]E GRANT$ UNLIMIT$ P[]S TO SUMMON EA* PRISON]1 ASK !M QUE/IONS1 READ \T ! WRITT5 EVID5CE AGA9/ !M1 & LI/5 TO !IR EXPLANATIONS & REFUTATIONS ( ALL !SE DOCUM5TS4 

,?IS ,COMMISSION1 :I* ONE C\LD CALL A ,MILIT>Y-,REVOLUTION>Y ,FRONTL9E ,TRIBUNAL 7& SO IT WAS CONSID]$ BY ,BOGADANOV71 KEPT ME BUSY = ?REE DAYS4 ,I WORK$ FEV]I%LY1 )\T TAK+ TIME TO EAT OR SLEEP4 

,!RE W]E A LOT ( PRISON]S4 ,!Y W]E LOCK$ UP 9 OLD CZ>I/1 ,/OLYP9-TYPE WAGONS4 ,H]E W]E G5]ALS1 COLONELS1 & O!R RANKS ( (FIC]S4 ,!RE W]E *IEFS ( POLICE1 PUBLIC PROSECUTORS1 & SIMPLE SOLDI]S FROM HAIDAMAK UNITS4 ,!RE WAS ?IS 9 COMMON AB\T !M3 ALL1 OR ALMO/ ALL1 W]E SWORN 5EMIES NOT JU/ ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION BUT ( ,REVOLUTION 9 G5]AL4 ,?US !Y KNEW :AT !Y W]E DO+ :5 !Y ACT$ AGA9/ IT4 

,NEV]!LESS ! MAJORITY ( !M W]E NOT GUILTY ( ! CRIME ( :I* !Y W]E ACCUS$4 ,MO/ ( !M W]E >RE/$ 9 !IR [N AP>TM5TS1 )\T WEAPONS1 EV51 ONE CAN SAY CONFID5TLY1 )\T A ?\<T ( TAK+ UP >MS & FI<T+ AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y W]E >RE/$ BECAUSE ( ! D5UNCIATIONS ( EVIL PEOPLE4 ,I MEAN PEOPLE :O1 9 ORD] TO CONCEAL !IR [N DIRTY PA/ RECORD VIS-A-VIS ! REVOLUTION>IES1 HAD BECOME EV5 MORE ODI\S BY REV]S+ !MSELVES & HYPOCRITICALLY SUPPORT+ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!SE PEOPLE D5\NC$ ?OSE :O1 DUE TO !IR [N SOCIAL SITUATION1 W]E =M]LY \TSIDE ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T BUT YET DID NOT H9D] ITS DEVELOPM5T4 ,!SE VILE PEOPLE FABRICAT$ ACCUSATIONS 9 ORD] TO SAVE !MSELVES & CONTRIV$ TO F9D 5EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION 9 ALL RANKS ( ! POPULATION4 

,BUT TO ! COMM&]S ( ,R$ ,GU>D DETA*M5TS !SE 9=M]S W]E WELCOME S9CE !IR D5UNCIATIONS ( 05EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION0 ASSI/$ 9 CLEANS+ ! RE> >EAS ( 5EMIES4 

,9 ?IS WAY W]E COMB9$1 9 ! C\RSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! MEANNESS ( SOME ) ! SELF-SACRIFICE ( O!RS1 & ?IS BECAUSE ?OSE ) FULL P[]S 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 5EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION W]E UNABLE TO DISC]N ! DUPLICITY ( !IR SELF-APPO9T$ ACCOMPLICES4 

,UND] MY *AIRMAN%IP1 ! ,COMMISSION EXAM9$ OV] #b DOSSI]S & GAVE ITS OP9ION ON EA* ( !M4 ,!RE W]E MANY CASES 9 :I* ! P]SONS 9VOLV$ W]E RECOGNIZ$ BY ! ,COMMISSION AS BE+ ACTIVE 5EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,COMMISSION REM&$ !IR FILES TO ! HEADQU>T]S ( ,COMM&] ,BOGADANOV :O =W>D$ !M TO ! HEADQU>T]S ( ,ANTONOV-,OVSEY5KO4 7,?IS MEANT1 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK-,LEFT ,S,R J>GON ( ! DAY1 ?AT ! ACCUS$ W\LD BE %OT47 

,AMONG ! DETA9EES 9T]ROGAT$ BY ! ,COMMISSION1 ALMO/ ALL ( ?OSE :O W]E ACKN[L$G$ AS GUILTY %[$ !MSELVES TO BE WEAK & C[>DLY4 ,FAC+ IMM95T DEA?1 !Y HAD REC\RSE TO ! MO/ %AMEFUL MEANS TO TRY TO SAVE !IR SK94 ,WE SAW G5]ALS WEEP+4 ,ON ! O!R H& !RE W]E COLONELS :O REGRETT$ FALL+ 9TO ! H&S ( ! REVOLUTION>IES BECAUSE !Y W]E CONV9C$ !Y C\LD HAVE ORGANIZ$ A SIZABLE =CE ( VOLUNTE]S TO HELP ,G5]AL ,KAL$9 RE/ORE ! ,ROMANOV DYNA/Y4 ,& AS !Y W]E L$ \T ( ! SALON C>RIAGE :]E ! ,COMMISSION WAS SITT+1 !Y CRI$ \T3 0,LONG ,LIVE ! ,H\SE ( ,ROMANOV6 ,LONG ,LIVE ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS ,ALEX&ROVI*1 ,MA/] ( ,ALL ,RUSSIA6 ,MAY ,HE ,CRU% ! ,REVOLUTION60 

,M9D Y\ !RE W]E ONLY TWO SU* COLONELS :O REMA9$ TRUE TO !IR >I/OCRATIC-MON>*I/ PR9CIPLES4 

,AMONG ! MANY ACCUS$ RELEAS$ AFT] ! REVIEW ( !IR CASE BY ! ,COMMISSION1 ,I ESPECIALLY REMEMB] ! COMM&] ( ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,MILIT>Y ,DI/RICT4 ,HE WAS >RE/$ = HAV+ FOLL[$ ORD]S FROM HI<] UP TO MOBILIZE Y\NG RECRUITS DUR+ ! %ORT-LIV$ TRIUMPH ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 ,!RE WAS NO O!R EVID5CE PROV+ HIM TO BE AN 5EMY ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,COMMISSION WAS DIVID$ ON ! QUE/ION ( RELEAS+ HIM4 ,F\R MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMISSION SAW HIM AS A CONV9C$1 ACTIVE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y & 9SI/$ ?AT ! ,COMMISSION ACCEPT !IR OP9ION & RECORD ! RESULT 9 WRIT+4 ,?REE MEMB]S W]E AGA9/4 ,IT WAS CLE> ?AT ! DI/RICT COMM&] W\LD BE %OT4 ,A /ORM BROKE \T AMONG US4 ,COMRADE ,MIRGORODSKY SUGGE/$ TO ME ?AT WE QUIT ! ,COMMISSION & GO BACK TO ! ,REVKOM3 P]HAPS ! ,REVKOM W\LD DELEGATE SOMEONE ELSE 9 \R PLACE4 ,! ,PETROGRAD]S />T$ LAU<+ AT US1 SAY+ WE W]E NOT CONDUCT+ \RSELVES AS REVOLUTION>IES4 ,SO ,COMRADE ,MIRGORODSKY & ,I EXPLA9$ TO !M H[ TO ACT LIKE REVOLUTION>IES4 ,& !N ?REE ( !M *ANG$ !IR OP9ION ?AT ! DI/RICT COMM&] WAS SO GUILTY AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION ?AT HE MU/ DIE4 ,& ! COMM&] WAS FRE$4 

,:ILE WE W]E /UDY+ ! DOSSI]S1 ! ,R$ ,GU>DS L$ 9 SOME NEWLY >RE/$ P]SONS3 ,MIKHNO 7! GOV]NM5T COMMISS> FROM ! ,K]5SKY P]IOD -- ! V]Y SAME ,MIKHNO :O HAD ?REAT5$ ME ) LEGAL ACTION F\R OR FIVE MON?S PREVI\SLY = DIS>M+ ! B\RGEOISIE 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE RAION71 ! UYEZD *IEF ( POLICE ,VASILYEV1 ! PUBLIC PROSECUTOR ,MAKSIMOV1 & ,PET] ,%>OVSKY4 ,! LATT] HAD BE5 A MEMB] ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLE ,A-,K ,GR\P & ON ,MAY #a1 #a#i#a1 BETRAY$ \R COMRADES ,ALEKS&R ,SEM5YUTA & ,M>FA ,PIV51 RECEIV+ = ?IS VILE DE$ #e RUBLES ( ! #b1 PROMIS$ BY ! ,/ATE = GIV+ UP ,A4 ,SEM5YUTA4 ,IT WAS V]Y PA9FUL = ME TO MEET ?IS OLD 0COMRADE04 ,ON SEE+ ME1 HE FELL TO HIS KNEES1 RAIS$ HIS H&S1 & UTT]$3 0,NE/OR ,IVANOVI*1 SAVE ME4 ,MY BETRAYAL WAS UN9T5TIONAL4 ,I TALK$ TOO MU* TO AN UND]COV] COP01 ETC4 

,MAYBE ,I W\LD HAVE BELIEV$ HIM1 IF NOT = 9=MATION RECEIV$ FROM CLOSE FRI5DS :ILE ,I WAS S]V+ TIME AT =C$ LABOR 9 ,MOSC[4 ,FUR!RMORE1 AFT] MY RETURN TO ,GULYAI-,POLE1 ?IS 9=MATION WAS CONFIRM$ BY ,M>FA ,PIV5 :O WAS PRES5T :5 ,A4 ,SEM5YUTA WAS KILL$4 ,%E HAD BE5 /RUCK BY A BULLET 9 ! =EHEAD BUT =TUNATELY SURVIV$4 ,%>OVSKY'S [N BRO!RS1 ,PROK(II & ,GRIGORII1 HAD HELP$ ME 9 #aiag E/ABLI% HIS ROLE AS A PROVOCATEUR4 ,ONE ( !M HAD EV5 HELP$ \R COMRADE 0,YAPONETZ0 TRY TO ASSASS9ATE ,PET] ,%>OVSKY SOON AFT] ,SEM5YUTA'S DEA?4 ,PET] TOOK TWO BULLETS BUT UN=TUNATELY WAS NOT KILL$4 ,HE HIMSELF %[$ ?AT HE WAS GUILTY4 ,AFT] RECOV]+ FROM HIS W\NDS1 HE BRICK$ UP ALL ! L[] W9D[S 9 HIS H\SE2 & UPON MY RETURN FROM PRISON HE DISAPPE>$ COMPLETELY4 

,!N 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,I SPOTT$ HIM GO+ >\ND FROM ONE GR\P ( WORK]S TO ANO!R ) A T9 CUP 9 HIS H&4 ,:5 ,I TRI$ TO GRAB HIM1 HE ESCAP$4 

,I MADE USE ( MY 9FLU5CE ) ! ,R$ ,GU>D COMM&] ,BOGDANOV TO 9SI/ ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y AU?ORITIES 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK MAKE ! CAPTURE ( ,PET] ,%>OVSKY A PRIORITY4 ,BOGDANOV1 )\T HESITATION1 DISPAT*$ TWO GR\P ( ,R$ ,GU>DS TO ! SQU>E :]E ,I HAD SE5 ,%>OVSKY1 & !Y >RE/$ HIM4 

,ON ,JANU>Y #f1 #a#i#a#h1 ,I MADE A DETAIL$ REPORT TO ! ,COMMISSION 7( :I* ,I WAS ! *AIR7 AB\T :O ,PET] ,%>OVSKY WAS1 & :O ,A4 ,SEM5YUTA WAS1 & H[ ,SEM5YUTA HAD BE5 BETRAY$ BY ,%>OVSKY & H[ MU* REW>D ,%>OVSKY RECEIV$ = HIS BETRAYAL4 ,9 PRES5T+ MY REPORT ,I ADVIS$ MY LI/5]S ?AT ,I WAS NOT SPEAK+ TO !M AS MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMISSION1 BUT AS ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES & ,BOL%EVIKS :O W]E TO WITNESS ?AT ,PET] ,%>OVSKY W\LD NOT BE KILL$ UNJU/LY4 ,! ,PETROGRAD ,BOL%EVIKS ON ! ,COMMISSION PROPOS$ H&+ OV] ,%>OVSKY TO ,COMM&] ,BOGDANOV1 BUT ,MIRGORODSKY & ,I DIDN'T AGREE ) ?IS & REQUE/$ ONLY ?AT ! ,COMM&] PUT ,%>OVSKY 9 A HOLD+ CELL UNTIL ,I WAS FRE$ FROM PRESS+ BUS9ESS4 ,!N COMRADES FROM \R ,GULYAI-,POLE GR\P >RIV$3 ,FILIPP ,KRAT1 ,SAVVA ,MAKHNO1 ,PAVEL ,KORO/ELYEV1 AS WELL AS SOME MEMB]S ( ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK AN>*I/ GR\P4 ,WE REPEAT$LY 9T]ROGAT$ ,%>OVSKY & !N ONE ( ! COMRADES PUT A BULLET 9 HIS HEAD4 

,ANO!R PA9FUL 5C\NT] WAS ) ! =M] COMMISS> ,MIKHNO4 ,I HAD A GUT FEEL+ ?AT IT W\LD BE H>D TO E/ABLI% HIS GUILT BE=E ! REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTS & WORK]S4 ,HE HAD ORD]$ MY 9DICTM5T DUR+ HIS /9T AS ,COMMISS> ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T = REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS C>RI$ \T BY ! ,COMMITTEE = ! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE RAION4 ,HE DEM&$ ! ,GULYAI-,POLE ,PUBLIC ,COMMITTEE EXCLUDE ME FROM ANY ORGANIZ+ ACTIVITIES4 ,BUT :5 ,I WROTE HIM A LETT] ( PROTE/ 9 ! NAME ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLE RAION ,PEASANTS' ,CONGRESS & 9SI/$ ?AT HE )DRAW HIS DEM&1 HE DID 9DE$ )DRAW IT4 ,I FELT ?AT 9 DET]M9+ HIS GUILT ,I W\LD BE PREJUDIC$ & ?AT ?IS W\LD LEAD TO HIS DOOM2 & YET1 HE COMP>$ FAVORABLY ) MANY ( ! ZEM/VO LEAD]S ( ,ALEKS&ROVSK UYEZD -- HE WAS KN[N AS AN HONE/ MAN & A LIB]AL /ILL 9 CZ>I/ TIMES4 ,MOREOV] ,I WAS P]SUAD$ ?AT HE %\LDN'T BE DE/ROY$ JU/ = C>RY+ \T HIS OBLIGATIONS AS A GOV]NM5T COMMISS> ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 EV5 IF HE WAS FROM A HO/ILE CAMP4 ,\R RAION NEV] FOLL[$ HIS ORD]S1 ALWAYS REJECT+ !M1 & HE WAS P[]LESS TO IMPOSE !M ON US SO LONG AS ! TOIL]S HAD ! UPP] H&4 

,\R ,COMMISSION QUE/ION$ HIM CLOSELY AB\T ALL HIS ACTIONS1 REM9D$ HIM ( HIS CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ME & ! 0,COMMITTEE = ! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION0 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE1 & !N RELEAS$ HIM4 

,QUITE DIFF]5T W]E ! CASES ( ! PROSECUTOR ,MAKSIMOV & ! UYEZD *IEF ( POLICE ,VASILYEV4 ,BO? !SE *>ACT]S1 ONE A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! CZ>I/ JU/ICE SY/EM1 ! O!R ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T'S POLICE 9/ITUTIONS1 W]E REG>D$ BY ! ,COMMISSION1 ON ! BASIS ( A RANGE ( DOCUM5TS1 AS ACTIVE 5EMIES ( ! WORK]-PEASANT REVOLUTION4 ,BO? ( !M W]E1 BY ! DECISION ( ! ,COMMISSION1 REM&$ TO ,BOGDANOV'S HEADQU>T]S4 ,! ,COMMISSION 9=M$ ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,REVKOM AB\T ?IS DECISION4 ,! ,REVKOM WAS HEAD$ AT ?AT TIME BY ! ,BOL%EVIK ,MIKHAILEVI*1 ! AN>*I/ ,M>IA ,NIKI=OVA1 & SEV]AL O!R REVOLUTION>IES WELL-KN[N & 9FLU5TIAL 9 PROLET>IAN CIRCLES 9 ! CITY4 ,HA/ILY ORGANIZ$1 ! ,REVKOM'S HOLD ON P[] WAS %AKY :I* WAS :Y !Y TRI$ TO SUCK UP TO SU* MEMB]S ( ! B\RGEOISIE :O HAD NOT FL$ ! CITY & :O W]E LOBBY+ BEH9D ! SC5ES TO SAVE ,MAKSIMOV & ,VASILYEV4 ,! *AIR ( ! ,REVKOM1 ,COMRADE ,MIKHAILEVI*1 ALONG ) MO/ ( ! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMITTEE1 HURRI$ TO ! ,COMMISSION1 /ILL SITT+ 9 ,BOGDANOV'S /AFF RAILWAY WAGON AT ! S\?SIDE RAILWAY /ATION4 ,!Y PROTE/$ \R DECISION 9 ! MATT] ( ! PROSECUTOR & ! *IEF ( POLICE4 ,M>IA ,NIKI=OVA ALSO %[$ UP TO SUPPORT !M ALONG ) SEV]AL ,BOL%EVIKS FROM ! ,REVKOM & A DELEGATION ( ,RI<T ,S,RS4 

,\R ,COMMISSION WAS FURI\S4 ,ACCORD+ TO DOCUM5TS PRES5T$ TO US BY ,BOGDANOV'S HEADQU>T]S1 DOCUM5TS :I* HAD BE5 GA!R$ BY 9TRANSIG5T ,BOL%EVIKS1 ,MAKSIMOV1 9 CZ>I/ TIMES & CONT9U+ UND] ! COALITION ( ! ,S,RS & ,S,DS ) ! B\RGEOISIE1 HAD ALWAYS BE5 AN IMPLACABLE 5EMY ( ! TOIL]S & !IR ASPIRATIONS = LIB]TY4 ,HIS GUILT BE=E ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S & PEASANTS WAS MANIFE/4 ,HE HAD ORGANIZ$ AMONG ! B\RGEOISIE 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK A COMMITTEE ( ACTION AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT HE WAS ABLE & 5]GETIC & ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 AS BECAME CLE> LAT]1 WANT$ TO RECRUIT HIM & 9DE$ EV5TUALLY !Y DID4 

,:5 ! ,R$ ,GU>DS W]E ATTACK+ ,ALEKS&ROVSK1 ,VASILYEV M\NT$ A MA*9E GUN ON ! RO( ( ONE ( ! BUILD+S & HELP$ ! HAIDAMAKS REPULSE ! ATTACK4 ,HE KILL$ OR W\ND$ MANY ( ! ,R$ ,GU>DS4 ,MOREOV]1 :5 HE WAS *IEF ( POLICE ( ! CITY & ITS DI/RICT1 PEOPLE >RE/$ W]E ALWAYS BEAT54 ,ACCORD+ TO DOCUM5TS COLLECT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 HE WAS AW>E ( & APPROV$ ( !SE BEAT+S4 

,BAS$ ON ALL ?IS1 ! ,COMMISSION DECL>$ ,MAKSIMOV & ,VASILYEV 5EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION & ! PEOPLE4 ,ACCORD+LY !Y W]E REM&$ TO ! ,BOGDANOV'S HEADQU>T]S :]E ! COMM&] C\LD EI!R HAVE !M %OT OR RELEASE !M BECAUSE ! DECISIONS ( ! ,COMMISSION W]E NOT B9D+ ON HIM4 ,NEV]!LESS1 HE G5]ALLY FOLL[$ \R DECISIONS1 IMM$IATELY RELEAS+ ?OSE WE HAD F\ND 9NOC5T & %OOT+ ! GUILTY ONES4 

,AFT] TAK+ NOTICE ( ! PROTE/ ( ! ,REVKOM & RECEIV+ ! DELEGATION ( ! ,S,RS1 ! ,COMMISSION ASK$ ,BOGDANOV'S HEADQU>T]S TO CANCEL \R V]DICT & CONSID] ! CASES ( ,MAKSIMOV & ,VASILYEV /ILL BE=E ! ,COMMISSION AS WE HAD RECEIV$ NEW 9=MATION AB\T !M4 

,I1 ALONG ) ,COMRADE ,MIRGORODSKY1 TRACK$ D[N ,BOGDANOV & SECUR$ HIS PROMISE ?AT ! LIVES ( ,MAKISMOV & ,VASILYEV W\LD BE GU>ANTE$ UNTIL ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! ,COMMISSION & ! ,REVKOM ON ?IS MATT] WAS RESOLV$4 

,I 9=M$ ! ,S,R DELEGATION AB\T ?IS1 & WE BEGAN TO WRANGLE ) ! MEMB]S ( ! ,REVKOM4 ,MIKHAILEVI* & ,M>IA ,NIKI=OVA 9VIT$ ,COMM&] ,BOGDANOV TO TAKE P>T 9 \R DISCUSSION4 ,BOGDANOV CAME & MADE IT CLE> ?AT HE SUPPORT$ ! DECISION ( ! ,COMMISSION4 ,! DISCUSSION WAS HEAT$4 ,! ,COMMISSION S5T A WRITT5 COPY ( A RESOLUTION TO ,BOGDANOV'S /AFF REQUE/+ ?AT ! PROSECUTOR & ! POLICE *IEF BE HELD 9 A SPECIAL WAGON UND] /RICT GU>D UNTIL NOTIFI$ BY ! ,COMMISSION4 

,! DISCUSSION LA/$ SIX ( SEV5 H\RS4 ,! RESULT WAS ! MEMB]S ( ! ,REVKOM ACKN[L$G$ ! JU/ICE ( ! ,COMMISSION'S DECISION 9 ! CASES ( ,MAKSIMOV & ,VASILYEV4 ,BUT1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,REVKOM1 ! ,COMMISSION HAD NOT TAK5 9TO ACC\NT :AT WAS HAPP5+ AT ! MOM5T4 ,EI!R TODAY OR TOMORR[ IT MI<T BE NECESS>Y TO AB&ON ,ALEKS&ROVSK AS ,DON & ,KUBAN ,COSSACKS W]E APPROA*+ ! CITY 9 NUM]\S E*ELONS AFT] AB&ON+ ! EXT]NAL FRONT1 HEAD+ = ! ,DON TO JO9 ! TROOPS ( ,G5]AL ,KAL$94 

,>\ND ,KAL$9 W]E GR\P$ ALL ! D>K =CES ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION & !IR HANG]S-ON -- SMALL RURAL PROPRIETORS1 M]*ANTS1 MILL-[N]S4 ,?IS BUN* HAD ALL CRAWL$ TOGE!R TO BUILD A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ,FRONT = ! MON>*Y & = !IR [N PRIVILEGES OV] ! TOIL]S4 ,& !Y W]E GO+ TO DO IT ON ! BACKS ( ! ,COSSACKS1 :O /OOD TO HAVE !IR FAMILIES WIP$ \T & !IR F>MS DEVA/AT$4 

,! ,REVKOM MEMB]S 9SI/$ VIGOR\SLY ?AT IF ,BOGDANOV HAD ,MAKSIMOV & ,VASILYEV %OT1 ?IS W\LD DISCR$IT ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,REVKOM 9 ! CITY4 ,& IF ! CITY HAD TO BE AB&ON$1 IT W\LD BE ?AT MU* MORE DIFFICULT TO OCCUPY A SECOND TIME4 

,I HAD TAK5 ON ! ?ANKLESS ROLE ( MEMB] ( ! ,COMMISSION = TWO REASONS3 7#a7 TO SEE = MYSELF & BE ABLE TO EXPLA9 TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTS1 H[ ! /ATE SOCIALI/S OCCUPI$ !MSELVES 9 !SE GREAT DAYS ( ! REVOLUTION1 H[ !SE 0FI<T]S = FRE$OM & EQUALITY0 SACRIFIC$ !SE GREAT IDEALS = ! PRIVILEGES ( !IR [N P[]2 & 7#b7 9 ORD] TO GA9 SOME IMPORTANT EXP]I5CE 9 A TIME ( GREAT EV5TS4 

,I CONSID]$ MYSELF A MILITANT REVOLUTION>Y :O HAD COME TO ! CITY ) O!R PEASANT-REVOLUTION>IES ) ONE GOAL3 TO HELP ! WORK]S DEFEAT ! HIR$ W>RIORS ( ! B\RGEOISIE -- ! HAIDAMAKS1 & TO DIS>M ! ,COSSACKS :O HAD AB&ON$ ! ,EXT]NAL ,FRONT TO HELP ,G5]AL ,KAL$9 SET UP AN ,9T]NAL ,FRONT -- AGA9/ ! TOIL]S4 

,= ME P]SONALLY ! >GUM5TATION ( ! ( MEMB]S ( ! ,REVKOM -- ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ,RI<T ,S,RS1 & ! AN>*I/ ,M4 ,NIKI=OVA -- SEEM$ CRIM9AL4 ,I TOLD !M SO4 ,SUPPORT+ MY VIEW W]E ! ,LEFT ,S,R ,MIRGORODSKY1 ! ?REE ,R$ ,GU>D ,BOL%EVIKS FROM ,PETROGRAD :O W]E MEMB]S ( \R ,COMMISSION1 & ,COMM&] ,BOGDANOV HIMSELF4 

,DAWN WAS ALREADY BREAK+4 ,EV]YONE WAS EXHAU/$4 ,! MEMB]S ( ! ,REVKOM W]E CLE>LY MAD AT ME BUT DECID$ NOT TO REMOVE ME FROM ! ,COMMISSION4 ,! JESUITICAL POLITICS :I* ALREADY AT ?AT TIME SATURAT$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS & !IR HANG]S-ON1 ! ,LEFT ,S,RS1 W\LD NOT ALL[ !M TO DO SO4 ,!Y AGRE$ TO CONT9UE HOLD+ ! PROSECUTOR & ! POLICE *IEF UND] DET5TION SO ?AT1 ON ! ONE H&1 !Y C\LD SAVE !IR LIVES1 &1 ON ! O!R H&1 !Y C\LD EMB>RASS ME 9 FRONT ( ! NUM]\S PEASANT-REVOLUTION>IES FROM ,GULYAI-,POLE RAION4 ,!RE=E !Y PROPOS$ A COMPROMISE RESOLUTION :I* READ3 0TO TRANSF] ! PROSECUTOR ,MAKSIMOV & ! POLICE *IEF ,VASILYEV TO ! ,REVKOM1 :I* WILL COLLECT FUR!R 9=MATION AB\T !M & MAKE A ?OR\< EXAM9ATION ( !IR CASES40 ,?IS DEPLORABLE RESOLUTION ONLY 5RAG$ ! ,COMMISSION & WE DECID$ ?AT1 RA!R ?AN SUBMIT ! CASES TO ! ,REVKOM1 !Y %\LD BE SUBJECT TO A NEW REVIEW 9 :I* ! ,COMMISSION W\LD TAKE P>T4 ,?IS DECISION1 AFT] SOME PROTE/S FROM ! ,REVKOM1 WAS F9ALLY ADOPT$4 

,AT ?IS TIME >RIV$ NEWS ?AT ALMO/ #b E*ELONS ( ,COSSACKS W]E HEAD$ TO ,ALEKS&ROVSK FROM ,APO/OLOVO BY WAY ( ,NIKOPOL1 HOP+ TO PASS ?R\< ON !IR WAY TO ! ,DON & ,KAL$94 ,AFT] QU>REL+ ALL NI<T1 ?IS NEWS SUDD5LY BR\<T US TOGE!R & WE HURRI$LY TRANSF]R$ ! TWO PRISON]S FROM !IR RAILWAY WAGON TO ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK PRISON1 ,CELL ,NO4#h4 7,9 CZ>I/ TIMES ,I SP5T MORE ?AN A YE> 9 ?IS CELL4 ,! PROSECUTOR (T5 VISIT$ ! PRISON & ,I COMPLA9$ TO HIM ?AT ! CELL WAS DIRTY1 HAD LOTS ( BUGS1 & LITTLE AIR4 ,HIS REPLY WAS3 0,Y\ WANT MORE AIR80 & ) A MALICI\S GR9 ORD]$ ME S5T TO SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T = #ad DAYS47 

,! REGIM5 9 ,CELL ,NO4#h :5 ,I WAS !RE WAS LIKE ?IS3 ONE VISIT P] MON? FROM FAMILY1 *ANGE ( L95 & BA? TWICE A MON?1 NO LOOK+ \T ! W9D[ 9TO ! C\RTY>D1 ETC4 

,\R MEET+ BROKE UP & EA* ( US RETURN$ TO \R PO/S4 ,WE PROCE$$ TO PREP>E \R =CES = ACTION4 ,WE L$ !M ACROSS ! ,KI*KASS ,BRIDGE TO ! RI<T BANK ( ! ,DNEPR 9 ORD] TO SET UP A BATTLE L9E4 

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