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,SUPPRESSION ( ! ,ZEM/VO ,T]RITORIAL ,UNITS2 ,=MATION ( A ,REVKOM BY ,MEMB]S ( ! ,SOVIET2 ,SE>* = ,FUNDS 

#aibfaibf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,TEXT 3 

,DUR+ ! TIME ?AT ,I1 ALONG ) \R BUN* ( 5]GETIC REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTS1 WORK]-AN>*I/S1 & SYMPA!TIC-TO-AN>*ISM NONP>TY REVOLUTION>IES W]E ABS5T FROM ,GULYAI-,POLE1 GUE/S TURN$ UP 9 ! VILLAGE -- AG5TS ( ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 ,!SE W]E L&[N]S ( ,GULYAI-,POLE :O HAD BE5 APPO9T$ SUB-LIEUT5ANTS DUR+ ! ,W> & HAD N[ BE5 S5T 9TO ! C\NTRYSIDE & VILLAGES TO PREA* ! IDEA ( AN 9DEP5D5T ,UKRA9E SUPPORT+ ITSELF ON ! BACKS ( ! 0HAIDAMAKS0 & ! ,COSSACKS4 

,WE >RIV$ 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE AT NI<T & DUR+ ?AT SAME NI<T ,I WAS 9=M$ BY SOLDI]S JU/ RETURN$ FROM ! ,FRONT ?AT !Y HAD HELD A MEET+ AT :I* AG5TS ( ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA ANN\NC$ ?AT TROOPS ( ! ,RADA W]E CONC5TRAT+ 9 ,PODOLIA & >\ND ,KIEV4 ,!SE AG5TS 9VIT$ ! ,FRONTOVIKS TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES H]E & SEIZE P[] OV] ! RAION :]E !RE WAS CURR5TLY A P[] VACUUM4 

,AS AN ADD$ 9C5TIVE1 A C]TA9 ,VULFOVI*1 A ,FRONTOVIK :O CALL$ HIMSELF A 0,MAXIMALI/01 PRES5T$ TO ! ASSEMBLY SEV]AL ANONYM\S LETT]S :I* AFFIRM$ ?AT !RE EXI/$ 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE & ITS RAION SOME K9D ( B5EVOL5T SOCIETY :I* C\LD MAKE REGUL> SUBSIDIES TO AN ORGANIZATION ( ,FRONTOVIKS1 ETC41 ETC4 

,I IMM$IATELY DECID$ TO >RE/ ! 0,MAXIMALI/0 ,VULFOVI*4 ,AT #a A4M4 ,I W5T TO ! SECRET>Y ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P1 ,COMRADE ,KALA%NIKOV1 & TOGE!R WE SUMMON$ A NUMB] ( COMRADES4 ,AFT] TALK+ ?+S OV]1 WE >RE/$ ,VULFOVI*4 ,HE PROTE/$1 DECL>+ ?AT HE W\LD PROTE/ TO ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P4 7,HE KNEW ,I MADE REGUL> REPORTS TO ! ,GR\P AB\T MY ACTIONS :ILE OCCUPY+ (FICIAL POSITIONS4 ,! ,GR\P DECID$ COLLECTIVELY IF MY ACTIONS W]E CONSI/5T ) ! TASKS ! ,GR\P HAD SET ITSELF4 ,! SAME PROC$URE WAS FOLL[$ = ANY MEMB]S S]V+ ON ,SOVIETS OR ,PUBLIC ,COMMITTEES AS A RESULT ( BE+ ELECT$ BY ! TOIL]S47 

,HE WAS CONV9C$ ?AT ,I W\LD GET 9 TR\BLE = >RE/+ HIM4 ,BUT ,I TOLD HIM ?AT HE HAD BE5 >RE/$ 9 ORD] TO CL>IFY FROM :OM HE HAD RECEIV$ ! ANONYM\S LETT]S AB\T A SOCIETY 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE & ITS RAION :I* HAD MONEY AVAILABLE = FUND+ ! ORGANIZATION ( TROOPS = ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 ,VULFOVI* /OPP$ HIS SWAGG]+2 9 FACT1 HE 5TIRELY CAV$ 9 & TOLD US EV]Y?+4 ,HE SAID HE RECEIV$ ! LETT]S AN H\R BE=E ! MEET+ FROM ,CITIZ5 ,AL?AUS51 [N] ( A HOTEL 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE & ! UNCLE ( ,NAUM ,AL?AUS51 A PROVOCATEUR WELL KN[N TO \R GR\P4 

,CITIZ5 ,AL?AUS5 WAS ALSO >RE/$ RI<T AWAY4 ,I EXPLA9$ TO HIM ! REASON = HIS >RE/ & SAID ?AT1 ALONG ) ,VULFOVI*1 HE W\LD BE REM&$ BY ! ,SOVIET TO A TRIBUNAL ( ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ( ,PEASANTS & ,WORK]S ( ,GULYAI-,POLE4 

,CITIZ5 ,AL?AUS5 REALIZ$ ?AT ?IS MATT] WAS TAK+ A S]I\S TURN4 ,! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY W\LD DEM& TO KN[ ! DETAILS ( ! EXI/5CE 9 ! RAION ( A SECRET FUND] ( ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 ,HE PREF]R$ TO TELL ! TRU? RI<T AWAY4 

0,! ,JEWI% COMMUNITY 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE10 HE SAID1 0>E AFRAID ( ! ,UKRA9IAN NATIONALI/S4 ,?AT'S :Y !Y DECID$ TO TAKE ! 9ITIATIVE TO SEEK !M \T & (F] !M F9ANCIAL SUPPORT4 ,!N 9 ! EV5T ( !IR TRIUMPH !Y W\LD KN[ ?AT ! ,JEWS SUPPORT$ AN 9DEP5D5T ,UKRA9E & ?OSE :O /RUGGL$ = IT40 

,HE ADD$3 0,Y\ REALIZE1 ,CITIZ5 ,MAKHNO1 !RE'S NO?+ GO+ ON H]E ?AT C\LD H>M ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ONLY LOSS W\LD BE TO \R ,SOCIETY BECAUSE IT W\LD BE PAY+ ?IS MONEY \T ( ITS [N POCKET40 ,& HE PO9T$ AT HIS LEFT POCKET4 

,! COMRADE MEMB]S ( ! ,SOVIET ( ,PEASANTS' & ,WORK]S' ,DEPUTIES1 HE>+ ?AT ,GULYAI-,POLE WAS 9 AN UPRO>1 HURRI$ TO JO9 US4 ,!Y W]E \TRAG$ BY ! CONDUCT ( ! ,JEWI% COMMUNITY & DEM&$ ! >RE/ & 9T]ROGATION ( ALL ITS LEAD]S ) ! AIM ( F9D+ \T ! TRU? AB\T !IR ODI\S BEHAVIOR 9 RELATION TO ! FRE$OM ( ,GULYAI-,POLE4 

,REALIZ+ ! HATR$ ?AT ! KN[L$GE ( ?IS ACT ( ! ,JEWS W\LD PROVOKE AMONG ! NON-,JEWI% POPULATION ( ,GULYAI-,POLE1 ,I TRI$ TO KEEP ! LID ON ?+S4 ,I ADVIS$ ?AT WE LIMIT \RSELVES TO 9T]ROGAT+ ,AL?AUS5 & !N MAKE A DETAIL$ REPORT TO ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY4 ,WE W\LD ASK ?AT ! :OLE ,JEWI% COMMUNITY NOT BE HELD RESPONSIBLE = ! ACTS ( A FEW4 

,! COMRADES FROM ! ,SOVIET AGRE$ ) ME & TRU/$ MY JUDGM5T 9 ?IS MATT]4 ,CITIZ5S ,VULFOVI* & ,AL?AUS5 W]E IMM$IATELY RELEAS$4 

,ANYONE :O ASPIRES TO WRITE AN AU!NTIC HI/ORY ( ,GULYAI-,POLE W\LD NE$ TO HAVE BE5 PRES5T AT ?AT ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ( ,PEASANTS & ,WORK]S4 ,! 9SURG5CY 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE & ITS RAION WAS UNIQUE 9 ! ANNALS ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 AN UPRIS+ :I*1 TAK+ BIR? AMONG ! OPPRESS$ PEASANTS1 WAS SU/A9$ BY ALL ! TOIL]S ( ! RAION4 ,:5 EXT]NAL =CES TRI$ TO SUPPRESS IT1 ! ,REVOLUTION 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE EXPLOD$ 9TO A COLOSSAL MOVEM5T :I*1 ALAS1 NEV] REA*$ ITS FULL DEVELOPM5T4 ,IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO BE PRES5T1 ,I SAY1 TO BE CONV9C$ ( ! S]I\SNESS & ! EXTREME C>E ) :I* ! TOIL]S APPROA*$ A QUE/ION :I* 9 O!R PLACES 9 ,UKRA9E W\LD HAVE GIV5 RISE TO BEAT+S & KILL+S ( POOR ,JEWS1 ! 9NOC5T VICTIMS ?R\<\T ,RUSSIAN & ,UKRA9IAN HI/ORY :O HAVE NOT 5JOY$ PEACE UP TO ?IS TIME4 

,C]TA9LY ,I HAD SOME?+ TO DO ) ! WAY ?+S W]E H&L$1 BUT ,I MADE NO ATTEMPT TO DIM9I% ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! PROBLEM & LAID \T ALL ! EVID5CE BE=E ! ASSEMBLY4 ,! ASSEMBLY DECID$ TO LEAVE MATT]S TO ! CONSCI5CE ( ! ,JEWI% COMMUNITY4 ,BUT IT ISSU$ A /]N W>N+ TO ! LEAD]S ( ?AT COMMUNITY ?AT A REPETITION ( ACTIONS 9IMICAL TO ! FRE$OM ( ,GULYAI-,POLE W\LD BE ANSW]$ 9 A DIFF]5T WAY4 ,!Y W\LD !N BE DRAGG$ BE=E A REVOLUTION>Y TRIBUNAL4 

,& ?US ! ISSUE WAS SETTL$4 ,! RI<T ( ,JEWS TO P>TICIPATE 9 MEET+S ( ! ,SOVIETS1 TO TAKE P>T 9 ! DEBATES & DECISIONS1 WAS NOT ABROGAT$ 9 ANY WAY4 ,WE ACKN[L$G$ ! RI<T ( EA* P]SON1 )\T DI/9CTION1 TO FREELY EXPRESS !IR OP9ION1 PROVID$ !Y ACCEPT$ & RESPECT$ ! RI<T TO DE/ROY ALL ?AT WAS H>MFUL TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE ! NEW ,SOCIETY :I* WAS /RUGGL+ TO BE BORN DEM&$ GREAT SACRIFICES & PRODIGI\S EF=TS FROM \R COLLECTIVE1 CREATIVE =CES4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,UP TO ?IS TIME 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE & ITS RAION !RE EXI/$ A T]RITORIAL UNIT KN[N AS ! 0ZEM/VO04 ,BUT ?IS T]M WAS NO LONG] US$ BECAUSE ! ,SOVIET HAD TAK5 OV] ALL ! SOCIAL FUNCTIONS &1 ) ! APPROVAL ( ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ( PEASANTS1 SET UP A ,REVKOM *>G$ ) ORGANIZ+ & TRA9+ \R REVOLUTION>Y >M$ =CES4 

,! FOLL[+ W]E 9VIT$ TO BELONG TO ! ,REVKOM3 ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P1 ! ,S,RS 7!RE W]E A FEW ( !M 9 ! RAION71 & ! ,UKRA9IAN ,S,RS GR\P$ >\ND ! 0,PROSVIT0 MOVEM5T 7HAV+ AS LEAD] ! AGRONOMI/ ,DMITR5KO74 ,AS = ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 !RE JU/ W]5'T ANY ( !M4 

,! =MATION ( ! ,REVKOM WAS ! RESULT ( TACTICAL CONSID]ATIONS BY ! ,SOVIET :I* W]E 5DORS$ BY ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P4 ,! ,REVKOM1 AS AN 9DEP5D5T REVOLUTION>Y 5TITY AU?ORIZ$ BY ! TRIUMPHANT ,LEFT ,BLOC1 W\LD ALL[ US TO DO A BETT] JOB ORGANIZ+ ! PEASANTRY4 

,\R /R5G? AT ?AT TIME DID NOT ALL[ US TO ADDRESS ! NE$S ( URBAN WORK]S & 9DE$ WE /ILL *]I%$ VA9 ILLUSIONS AB\T \R AN>*I/ COMRADES 9 ! CITIES4 ,!Y EXI/$ 9 A VACUUM )\T ANY CONNECTION ) ! REVOLUTION>Y C\RSE ( EV5TS & 5GAG$ 9 /]ILE DISCUSSIONS1 TOTALLY USELESS = \R WORK4 

,9 SETT+ UP ! ,REVKOM1 ! ,SOVIET WAS FAC$ ) ! QUE/ION3 :I* MEMB] %\LD BE 5TRU/$ ) ! IDEOLOGICAL DIRECTION ( ! ,REVKOM8 ,! ,SOVIET WANT$ TO HAVE AN AN>*I/ 9 ?IS POSITION & APPO9T$ ME AL?\< ,I BY NO MEANS PURSU$ ! JOB4 ,I KNEW ?AT NO MATT] :]E ,I 5D$ UP1 ! ,REVKOM W\LD FOLL[ ! L9E ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P1 /UDI$ & REF9$ BY ! ,SOVIET & ! ,REVKOM & SUPPORT$ BY ! POPULATION4 

,AS A RESULT ( PROLONG$ DISCUSSION1 ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,REVKOM1 CON/ITUT$ AS A MILIT>Y-REVOLUTION>Y BODY1 WAS 5TRU/$ TO ME4 ,?IS POSITION DEM&$ 9ITIATIVE & DECISIVE ACTION4 

,AFT] MY DEP>TURE FROM ! ,SOVIET !RE WAS A MOVE TO 9/ALL ,MAXIM ,%RAMKO AS ! NEW *AIRP]SON4 ,A NONP>TY WORK]-SAILOR1 HE WAS =M] HEAD ( ! ZEM/VO1 A PO/ :I* ,I HAD CATEGORICALLY REFUS$4 7,I EV5 LEFT ,GULYAI-,POLE TEMPOR>ILY :5 !Y W]E ELECT+ ! ZEM/VO HEAD 9 ORD] TO AVOID LI/5+ TO ! >GUM5TS ( ! PEASANTS TRY+ TO P]SUADE ME TO RUN = ?IS POSITION47 ,BUT ,%RAMKO1 AFT] ,I HAD GONE TO ! FRONT 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK1 GA!R$ A B& ( M>AUD]S & L$ !M TO ! ,KOSOVTZE-,TKHOMIROV E/ATE 7AB\T TWO KILOMET]S FROM ,GULYAI-,POLE7 :I*1 ON MY 9ITIATIVE1 HAD BE5 CONV]T$ TO AN ORPHANAGE4 ,HE TORE AP>T ! VALUABLE LIBR>Y 7ONLY HALF ! BOOKS W]E EV] SALVAG$7 & REMOV$ ! W9D[ FRAMES4 ,BY DO+ ?IS HE DISCR$IT$ HIMSELF 9 ! EYES ( ! PEASANTS :O HAD PREVI\SLY HELD HIM 9 HI< E/EEM4 ,HE WAS NOT 5TRU/$ ) ! *AIR ( ! ,SOVIET & 9/EAD WAS GIV5 ! TASK ( MAK+ AN 9V5TORY ( EQUIPM5T & LIVE/OCK AVAILABLE ON ! E/ATES ( ! POME%*IKS 9 PREP>ATION = ! R$I/RIBUTION PLANN$ = ! SPR+4 

,! *AIR ( ! ,SOVIET WAS AW>D$ TO ! ,COMRADE ,LUC ,KORO/ILEV1 AN ACTIVE MEMB] ( \R GR\P BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION1 N[ ONLY A FELL[ TRAVEL]4 

,! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P ASK$ ?AT ! FUNCTIONS ( ! ,REVKOM BE CLE>LY DEF9$4 ,! ,REVKOM DECL>$ PUBLICLY ?AT ITS MA9 TASK WAS ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION ( ! TOIL]S 9 ORD] TO UNITE ALL ( !M 9 ! /RUGGLE TO MA9TA9 ! DEVELOPM5T & TRIUMPH ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,REVKOM RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WAS UND] ATTACK FROM ALL SIDES BY 5EMIES :I* W]E TRY+ TO R$UCE ! TOIL]S TO A PASSIVE 9/RUM5T 9 ! H&S ( POLITICAL P>TIES /RUGGL+ TO SEIZE P[]4 

,!N ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P DEM&$ ?AT ! ,REVKOM TAKE ! 9ITIATIVE 9 DIS>M+ A BATTALION ( ! ,B]DYANSK #d#h? REGIM5T :I* WAS /ATION$ 9 ! CITY ( ,OREKHOV 7#c#e V]/S FROM ,GULYAI-,POLE74 ,!SE TROOPS W]E MORE OR LESS EV5LY DIVID$ BETWE5 SUPPORT]S ( ,G5]AL ,KAL$9 & SUPPORT]S ( ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 ,! ,REVKOV WAS /ILL TOO WEAK TO TAKE ON AN ACTION ( ?IS SORT 7:I* ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P UND]/OOD71 BUT EXPRESS$ ITS :OLE-HE>T$ SUPPORT = ! IDEA4 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P !N >RANG$ TO COLLABORATE ) ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/S4 ,! TWO GR\PS CONV]G$ ON ,OREKHOV FROM TWO SIDES & DIS>M$ ! BATTALION4 

,! REACTION FROM ! RUL+ AU?ORITIES ( ! ,LEFT ,BLOC WAS ONE ( 5?USIA/IC APPROVAL4 ,!IR REGIONAL COMM&]1 ,BOGDANOV1 SAID HE WAS AMAZ$ & OV]JOY$ AT ! ACTIONS ( ! AN>*I/S & IMPATI5TLY EXPECT$ ! WEAPONS SEIZ$ FROM ! BATTALION TO BE TURN$ OV]1 EI!R TO HIM OR TO ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,REVKOM4 ,HE FELT CONFID5T ?IS W\LD HAPP5 BECAUSE ,M4 ,NIKI=OVA1 /ILL A MEMB] ( ?AT ,REVKOM1 HAD TAK5 P>T 9 ! SEIZURE ( WEAPONS4 

,BUT !RE WAS NO WAY ?AT WAS GO+ TO HAPP54 

,! ,GULYAI-,POLE ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P HAD P]SI/5TLY FOLL[$ ITS [N L9E FROM ,JULY-,AUGU/1 #a#i#a#g3 TO GA9 ! HE>TS & M9DS ( ! PEASANTRY & TO 5C\RAGE & SUPPORT 9 !M ! SPIRIT ( FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE4 ,! BE/ MEMB]S ( ! ,GR\P1 MANY ( :OM HAD ALREADY P]I%$1 HAD BE5 /RUGGL+ TO DO ?IS = #ab YE>S4 ,N[1 :5 ! ,GR\P HAD EM]G$ FROM ! UND]GR\ND & C\LD SPEAK OP5LY1 IT PROSELYTIZ$ ITS IDEAL ) ! S9C]ITY & P]SI/5CE ( AN APO/LE 9 CLE> & SIMPLE LANGUAGE ACCESSIBLE TO ! PEASANTS )\T REC\RSE TO NEBUL\S1 MEAN+LESS PHRASES FROM YE/]YE>4 ,! ,GR\P WANT$ TO SEE ITS WORK BR\<T TO FRUITION2 IT DECID$ ?IS WAS ! APPROPRIATE MOM5T TO CREATE A MILIT>Y =CE )\T :I* ! LABOR+ CLASSES W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO COPE ) !IR NUM]\S 5EMIES4 ,! ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,F$]ATION SUPPORT$ US 9 ?IS4 ,!RE=E ALL ! WEAPONS3 RIFLES1 GR5ADE LAUN*]S1 & MA*9E GUNS W]E TRANSPORT$ TO ,GULYAI-,POLE & (FICIALLY PLAC$ AT ! DISPOSITION ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLE ,REVKOM4 

,! TOIL]S ( ,GULYAI-,POLE & ! NEI<BOR+ VILLAGES & C\NTRYSIDE BECAME /ILL MORE RESOLUTE4 ,!Y S5T !IR [N REPRES5TATIVES TO ,GULYAI-,POLE ) DECL>ATIONS AB\T !IR WILL+NESS1 BO? Y\NG & OLD1 TO TAKE UP >MS TO DEF5D !IR 9DEP5D5CE & FRE$OM FROM ANY P[]1 EV5 ! REVOLUTION>Y P[] ( ! ,LEFT ,BLOC IF IT %\LD TRY TO 9T]F]E ) ! NEW =MS ( LIFE :I* ! PEASANTS HAD FREELY DEVELOP$ AMONG !MSELVES4 

,I1 AS DIRECTOR ( ! ,REVKOM1 W\LD HAVE BE5 5TIRELY TI$ UP 9 ITS BUS9ESS IF \R ,REVKOM HAD BE5 LIKE ! O!R ONES ( ?AT TIME4 ,BUT EV]Y DAY1 EV5 SEV]AL TIMES A DAY1 ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P PULL$ ME AWAY FROM MY WORK TO MEET ) V>I\S REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PEASANTRY FROM V>I\S VILLAGES OR EV5 O!R RAIONS4 ,!SE PEASANTS NEV] FAIL$ TO PRES5T !MSELVES AT ! (FICE ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P TO F9D \T ! LATE/ PLANS ( ! ,GR\P1 PLANS :I* HAD NOT YET BE5 PUBLICIZ$ BY \R IT9]ANT PROPAG&I/S4 ,WE W5T OV] \R PROJECTS ) !M1 TRY+ TO DECIDE :]E W\LD BE A GOOD PLACE TO BEG9 SU* & SU* & H[ TO DEF5D \R WORK FROM ! AU?ORITIES4 

0,:AT HAPP9ESS60 EXCLAIM$ ! PEASANTS :O VISIT$ ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P1 ! ,REVKOM1 OR ! ,SOVIET4 0,WE >E REALLY />T+ TO FEEL ! SOIL ( LIB]TY UND] \R FEET40 ,& !IR JOY WAS IMM5SE4 

,\R WORK TOOK ON GIGANTIC PROPORTIONS4 ,BUT \R F9ANCIAL RES\RCES W]E COMPLETELY 9ADEQUATE4 

,I & NUMB] ( ! O!R COMRADES W]E PREOCCUPI$ ) ?IS PROBLEM BECAUSE ! ORGANIZATION ( COMBAT =CES REQUIR$ A CONSID]ABLE \TLAY ( MONEY4 ,I KNEW ?AT ,I HAD ONLY TO APPLY TO ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,REVKOM & !Y W\LD S5D ! NECESS>Y FUNDS4 ,BUT ,I DIDN'T WANT US TO DO ?IS1 EI!R 9 MY [N NAME OR ON BEHALF ( ! ,GR\P1 BECAUSE MY GOAL WAS TO CREATE A REVOLUTION>Y BLOC ( PEASANTS 5TIRELY 9DEP5D5T ( ANY POLITICAL P>TY & ESPECIALLY ( ANY GOV]NM5T 9/ITUTION4 

,AFT] LONG HESITATION1 ,I DECID$ TO PROPOSE ?AT ! ,GR\P DISCUSS ! FOLL[+3 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE !RE WAS A BRAN* ( ! ,COMM]CIAL ,BANK :I* WE HAD DELIB]ATELY NOT CONFISCAT$ SO F>4 ,! FUNDS ( ! BANK W]E LOCAT$ 9 ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,/ATE ,TREASURY1 BUT ! BRAN* /ILL C>RI$ ON PAP] WORK1 HOP+ ?AT AFT] ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION IT C\LD RETURN TO ITS OLD JOB ( E>N+ PR(ITS = ! IDLE RI*4 ,IT OCCURR$ TO ME TO PROPOSE TO ! BANK ?AT IT DEPOSIT A C]TA9 SUM ( MONEY = ! NE$S ( ! ,REVKOM4 

,I RECALL ?AT WE WRE/L$ ) ?IS IDEA = OV] A WEEK4 ,! ,GR\P WAS AGA9/ ! IDEA 9 PR9CIPLE4 ,IT IS ONLY ) DIFFICULTY ?AT ,I EXTRACT$ A PROMISE FROM ! ,GR\P NOT TO PREV5T ME FROM PRES5T+ ?IS QUE/ION TO ! ,REVKOM4 ,I PROMIS$ TO TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY IF ! BANK]S REFUS$ TO GO ALONG ) MY PROPOSITION VOLUNT>ILY4 

,9 GIV+ ITS CONS5T1 ! ,GR\P W>N$ ME ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO \R 9T]NAL CODE1 IT C\LD REQUIRE ME TO GIVE UP ! ,REVKOM & ! ,SOVIET & CONF9E MYSELF EXCLUSIVELY TO WORK+ = ! ,GR\P4 ,I WAS ALWAYS PREP>$ = ?IS4 ,I HAD EV5 9SI/$ ON ?IS MORE ?AN ANYONE ELSE :5 WE DRAFT$ ! >TICLES CONC]N+ ! UNITY ( ! ,GR\P & ! DUTIES ( MEMB]S T[>DS ! ,GR\P & ITS WORK4 

,I RECEIV$ A GU>ANTEE FROM ! ,GR\P ?AT \R O!R MEMB]S ON ! ,REVKOM W\LD SUPPORT MY PROPOSITION TO ASK ! BANKS TO CONTRIBUTE #b#e1 RUBLES = ! NE$S ( ! ,REVKOM4 ,!N ,I CALL$ A JO9T MEET+ ( ! ,REVKOM & ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SOVIET4 

,I OP5$ ! MEET+ BY ANN\NC+ ?AT !RE W]E UNV]IFI$ RUMORS ?AT ,C5TRAL ,RADA WAS C>RY+ ON NEGOTIATIONS = A PEACE TREATY ) ! ,G]MANS & ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 BREAK+ ) !IR ,LEFT ,S,R ALLIES & ) ! REVOLUTION>Y POPULATION1 W]E ALSO 9 A BIG HURRY TO MAKE PEACE ) ! ,G]MAN KAIS]4  
  

0,IT'S TRUE10 ,I SAID TO ! GA!R+1 0?AT !SE /ORIES MU/ BE V]IFI$ & ?AT WILL BE DONE 9 ! NEXT FEW DAYS4 ,BUT ,I CAN P]SONALLY AFFIRM 9 COMPLETE C]TA9TY ?AT ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA HAS ALREADY CONCLUD$ A DI%ONORABLE ALLIANCE ) ! ,G]MAN & ,AU/RIAN EMP]ORS1 ,K>L & ,WILHELM4 .<,NOTE3 ,I HAD SOME LETT]S FROM ,ODESSA & ,KHOT91 DELIV]$ BY A COMRADE1 :I* CONFIRM$ ?IS NEWS4.> 

,?IS IS ! DECISIVE MOM5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,VICTORI\S WILL BE ?OSE :O PREP>E !MSELVES 9 TIME4 ,WE MU/ >M \RSELVES TO ! TEE? & WE MU/ >M ! :OLE POPULATION1 S9CE ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA & ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 BY ALLY+ !MSELVES ) ! EMP]ORS1 WILL KILL ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,WE MU/ PREP>E TO BE ATTACK$1 WE MU/ REPEL ! ATTACK & ?US SAVE \R REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/S4 

,WE MU/ MAKE \R WAY )\T ANY COMPROMISES1 )\T ANY DEP5D5CE ON ! REVOLUTION>Y AU?ORITY ( ! ,LEFT ,BLOC1 ! SAME AS WE DID = ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA & ! COALITION ( ,K]5SKY ) ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,TO SUCCE$1 WE MU/ ACT 9DEP5D5TLY ON ALL FRONTS ( ! ,REVOLUTION40  
  

,!N ,I EXPLA9$ ?AT WE NE$$ MONEY & ?AT ! UYEZD ,REVKOM 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK W\LD BE DELI<T$ IF WE ASK$ IT = MONEY BUT ?AT ?IS W\LD BE FATAL = ! ,REVOLUTION 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE4 ,= ?AT W\LD GIVE ! UYEZD AU?ORITIES A LEV] TO TRY TO SUPPRESS \R LIB]TY & 9DEP5D5CE4  
  

0,BUT WE NE$ MONEY & ! MONEY WE NE$ IS RI<T H]E 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE OR1 AT LEA/1 WE CAN GET IT H]E )\T HAV+ TO SUCK UP TO ! AU?ORITIES & GIVE !M ! IDEA ?AT WE WILL SOON BE PRO/RAT+ \RSELVES BE=E !M4 ,AS LONG AS WE USE \R HEADS1 WE WON'T HAVE TO GO BEGG+40  
  

,SEV]AL VOICES 9T]RUPT$3 0,TELL US1 ,COMRADE ,MAKHNO1 :]E IS ?IS D\< & H[ CAN WE ACCESS IT = ! COMMON GOOD80  
  

0,I'LL EXPLA9 ?AT TO Y\ 9 GOOD TIME4 ,BUT FIR/ ,I WANT TO SAY A WORD AB\T :AT ,I SEE 9 \R [N RANKS & 9 ! RANKS ( \R 5EMIES4 ,( C\RSE \R 5EMIES >E ( V>I\S SORTS ON ! V>I\S FRONTS BUT !Y SAY !Y >E FI<T+ = LIB]TY2 AGA9/ REACTION2 :]EAS 9 PRACTICE !Y >E FI<T+ = REACTION1 AGA9/ LIB]TY4 

,COMRADES1 NONE ( US H]E WILL D5Y ?AT AMONG ! TOIL+ PEASANTS ! DESIRE = 9DEP5D5CE & FRE$OM FROM ECONOMIC & POLITICAL SLAV]Y HAS GR[N & GR[N4 ,& :O HELP$ ! PEASANTS TO DEVELOP 9 ?IS WAY8 ,:Y ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF & ! P]SI/5T1 H>D-WORK+ MEMB]S ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P ( :I* ,I AM A MEMB]4 

,:AT ! RESULTS WILL BE ( ?IS RAIS$ CONSCI\SNESS AMONG ! PEASANTS IT'S H>D TO SAY AT ! MOM5T1 S9CE WE HAVE SO MANY 5EMIES & SO V]Y FEW FRI5DS4 ,& \R FRI5DS >5'T EV5 :]E WE NE$ !M4 ,!Y >E HOL$ UP 9 ! CITIES & %[ !MSELVES OCCASIONALLY4 ,I'M REF]R+ TO ! AN>*I/S4 ,!Y & ONLY !Y DO NOT WANT ! OPPRESS$ C\NTRYSIDE TO REMA9 OPPRESS$ BY ! URBAN AU?ORITIES4 ,BUT !Y MAKE LITTLE EF=T TO HELP ! OPPRESS$ PEASANTS COMP>$ TO :AT !Y C\LD BE DO+4 ,!RE >E REASONS = ?IS1 IT'S TRUE1 BUT IT'S DIFFICULT TO EXPLA9 & H>DLY WOR? ! EF=T4 ,NEV]!LESS ! AN>*I/S >E ALWAYS ) US 9 SPIRIT60 

.<,MY SPEE* WAS 9T]RUPT$ BY APPLAUSE & CRIES ( 0,LONG LIVE AN>*ISM6 ,LONG LIVE ! AN>*I/S -- \R FRI5DS60.> 

,CALM Y\RSELVES1 FRI5DS1 ,I'M GETT+ TO ! MA9 PO9T4 ,! MA9 PO9T IS ?AT WE MU/ >M \RSELVES1 WE MU/ >M ! :OLE POPULATION SO ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WILL HAVE A P[]FUL >MY SO WE CAN BEG9 TO BUILD ! ,NEW ,SOCIETY \RSELVES1 ) \R [N MEANS1 ) \R [N REASON1 \R [N WORK1 & \R [N WILL4 

,! TOIL]S ( ?IS RAION HAVE1 S9CE ! AUTUMN ( #a#i#a#g1 BEGUN ?IS TASK BUT N[ F9D !MSELVES M5AC$ BY ! BLACK =CES ( REACTION3 ! AU?ORITY1 ON ! ONE H&1 ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ! ,LEFT ,S,RS2 ON ! O!R H&1 ! ,UKRA9IAN ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,RADA1 ,I'M RELIABLY 9=M$1 HAS =M$ AN ALLIANCE ) ! RUL]S ( ,AU/RIA & ,G]MANY & ) !IR HELP WILL DELIV]1 UND] ! BANN] ( SAV+ ',MO!R ,UKRA9E'1 DEA? TO ALL ! WOND]FUL REVOLUTION>Y GA9S MADE BY ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S4 

,>M+ ! :OLE POPULATION IS FEASIBLE ONLY IF ! POPULATION RECOGNIZES ITS NECESSITY4 ,DUR+ ! PA/ WEEK1 ,I HAVE RECEIV$ H]E AT ! ,REVKOM1 & ! SECRET>Y ( ! ,A,K ,GR\P HAS RECEIV$ AT HIS (FICE1 MANY REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PEASANTS FROM ALL OV] ! RAION :O HAVE SPOK5 ) ONE VOICE AB\T ! NECESSITY ( >M+ ( ! PEOPLE4 

,BUT ?IS ISN'T 5\<3 WE MU/ GO \T TO ! PEASANT ASSEMBLIES & HE> ! SAME WILL EXPRESS$ !RE4 ,!N WE MU/ DISCUSS ) ! PEASANTS H[ WE CAN REALIZE ?IS GOAL ) ! BE/ RESULTS4 ,SO N[ WE NE$ TO S5D \T PROPAG&I/S EV]Y:]E4 ,WE'LL HAVE TO 9T]RUPT ! PEASANTS' PREP>ATIONS = SPR+ S[+ SO WE CAN BORR[ WAGONS & HORSES4 ,OR WE CAN R5T CONVEYANCES4 ,EI!R WAY WE MU/ PAY = !M4 ,SO WE NE$ MONEY4 

,WE DON'T HAVE ANY MONEY1 BUT \R 5EMIES DO -- RI<T H]E 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE 9 ! HOMES ( ! POME%*IKS & M]*ANTS4 ,!IR BANK IS ALMO/ NEXT DOOR6 

,I MU/ SAY TO Y\1 NEV]!LESS1 COMRADES1 ?AT ! BANK VAULT IS EMPTY4 ,ALL ! CA% IS 9 ! ,/ATE ,BANK 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK4 ,BUT WE CAN /ILL HAVE IT4 ,IT'S A MATT] ( ACCEPT+ MY PROPOSITION4 

,! :OLE TIME ! ,REVOLUTION HAS BE5 GO+ ON1 ! ,CR$IT ,BANK 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE HAS BE5 SPECULAT+ & PILLAG+ AT ! EXP5SE ( LABOR4 ,TRULY1 IT %\LD HAVE BE5 EXPROPRIAT$ LONG AGO & ITS ASSETS TRANSF]R$ TO A COMMON FUND = ! TOIL]S4 ,NEI!R ! ,COALITION ,GOV]NM5T ( ,K]5SKY NOR ! ,BOL%EVIK-,LEFT-,S,R GOV]NM5T HAVE DONE SO & !Y HAVE PREV5T$ ! REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE FROM DO+ SO4 ,?AT'S :Y ,I PROPOSE ?AT ! ,GULYAI-,POLE ,RAION ,REVKOM RESOLVE TO DISREG>D ! ,LEFT ,BLOC GOV]NM5T & DEM& ?AT ! DIRECTORS ( ! BANK H& OV] TO ! ,REVKOM #b#e1 RUBLES TO BE US$ = REVOLUTION>Y GOALS & ?AT !Y DO SO )9 #bd H\RS40  
  

,?IS RESOLUTION WAS PASS$ UNANIM\SLY4 

,! NEXT DAY ,I W5T TO ! BANK & 9=M$ ! DIRECTORS AB\T ?IS RESOLUTION4 ,!Y ASK$ ! ,REVKOM TO EXT5D ! TIME LIMIT TO ?REE DAYS4 ,!N !Y CALL$ A G5]AL MEET+ ( !IR DEPOSITORS AT :I* ! ,S,D ,ZB> WAS ! ,REVKOM'S REPRES5TATIVE4 ,) HIS 5C\RAGEM5T1 ! DEPOSITORS SIGN$ *ECKS PROPORTIONAL TO ! SIZE ( !IR DEPOSITS 9 ! BANK4 ,AS = ?OSE DEPOSITORS :O DIDN'T %[ UP AT ! BANK MEET+1 !Y RECEIV$ VISITS FROM AN AG5T ( ! BANK ACCOMPANI$ BY A MEMB] ( ! ,REVKOM4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( F\R DAYS ALL ! *ECKS W]E COLLECT$ & ON ! FIF? DAY A MEMB] ( ! ,REVKOM EMP[]$ BY ! BANK TRAVEL$ TO ,ALEKS&ROVSK & RECEIV$ ! CORRECT SUM ( MONEY4 

,! TOIL]S ( ,GULYAI-,POLE ?US ASSUR$ ! SUCCESS ( ! FIR/ /AGES ( ! ,REVOLUTION BY ACQUIR+ ! PECUNI>Y MEANS = REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A & ! ORGANIZ+ ( ,LABOR AGA9/ ,CAPITAL & ,/ATE ,P[]4 

,P>T ( ! MONEY WAS PUT AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! ,SOVIET = SOCIAL NE$S4 ,A SECOND PORTION WAS1 ON MY 9ITIATIVE1 SET ASIDE = F\ND+ & MA9TA9+ AN ORPHANAGE = *ILDR5 :O HAD LO/ !IR P>5TS AS A RESULT ( W>4 ,A ?IRD P>T1 ! L>GE/1 WAS TURN$ OV] TO ! ,REVKOM4 ,HALF ( ?IS SUM WAS MADE AVAILABLE = ! TEMPOR>Y USE ( ! ,PROVISION+ ,SECTION ( ! ,SOVIET4 ,?IS SECTION1 CREAT$ BY ! ,SOVIET & APPROV$ BY ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ( PEASANTS & WORK]S1 WAS DIRECT$ BY ,COMRADE ,S]EG9 FROM ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P4 ,! FUNCTION ( ?IS SECTION WAS TO PROVIDE ! POPULATION ) NECESS>Y GOODS ( CONSUMPTION4 ,IT WAS SO SUCCESSFUL AT ?IS ?AT IT SOON ATTRACT$ ! 5VY ( ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES :O BEGAN TO PLACE OB/ACLES 9 ITS WAY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibe 3 ,P>T #b - ,*APT] #bd -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#f1 #bai 3 ,P>T #b - ,*APT] #bd -- ,ADD$4 

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