,*APT] #c 
,! ,NATIONALITIES ,QUE/ION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS >E 9 P>T RESPONSIBLE = ! FACT ?AT ! MILIT>Y DEFEAT WAS TRANS=M$ 9TO ! COLLAPSE & BREAKD[N ( ,RUSSIA4 ,MOREOV]1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS !MSELVES HAVE1 TO A GREAT EXT5T1 %>P5$ ! OBJECTIVE DIFFICULTIES ( ?IS SITUATION BY A SLOGAN :I* !Y PLAC$ 9 ! =EGR\ND ( !IR POLICIES3 ! SO-CALL$ RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION ( PEOPLES1 OR - SOME?+ :I* WAS REALLY IMPLICIT 9 ?IS SLOGAN - ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ,RUSSIA4 

,! =MULA ( ! RI<T ( ! V>I\S NATIONALITIES ( ! ,RUSSIAN EMPIRE TO DET]M9E !IR FATE 9DEP5D5TLY 0EV5 TO ! PO9T ( ! RI<T ( GOV]NM5TAL SEP>ATION FROM ,RUSSIA10 WAS PROCLAIM$ AGA9 ) DOCTR9AIRE OB/9ACY AS A SPECIAL BATTLE CRY ( ,L59 & HIS COMRADES DUR+ !IR OPPOSITION AGA9/ ,MILIUKOVI/1 & !N ,K]5SKYAN IMP]IALISM4.<#a.> ,IT CON/ITUT$ ! AXIS ( !IR 9N] POLICY AFT] ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION ALSO1 & IT CON/ITUT$ ! 5TIRE PLAT=M ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS AT ,BRE/-,LITOVSK2 ALL !Y HAD TO OPPOSE TO ! DISPLAY ( =CE BY ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM4 

,ONE IS IMM$IATELY /RUCK ) ! OB/9ACY & RIGID CONSI/5CY ) :I* ,L59 & HIS COMRADES /RUCK TO ?IS SLOGAN1 A SLOGAN :I* IS 9 %>P CONTRADICTION TO !IR O!RWISE \TSPOK5 C5TRALISM 9 POLITICS AS WELL AS TO ! ATTITUDE !Y HAVE ASSUM$ T[>DS O!R DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLES4 ,:ILE !Y %[$ A QUITE COOL CONTEMPT = ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 FRE$OM ( PRESS & ASSEMBLAGE1 9 %ORT1 = ! :OLE APP>ATUS ( ! BASIC DEMOCRATIC LIB]TIES ( ! PEOPLE :I*1 TAK5 ALL TOGE!R1 CON/ITUT$ ! 0RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION0 9SIDE ,RUSSIA1 !Y TREAT$ ! RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION ( PEOPLES AS A JEWEL ( DEMOCRATIC POLICY = ! SAKE ( :I* ALL PRACTICAL CONSID]ATIONS ( REAL CRITICISM HAD TO BE /ILL$4 ,:ILE !Y DID NOT P]MIT !MSELVES TO BE IMPOS$ UPON 9 ! SLI<TE/ BY ! PLEBISCITE = ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY 9 ,RUSSIA1 A PLEBISCITE ON ! BASIS ( ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC SUFFRAGE 9 ! WORLD1 C>RI$ \T 9 ! FULL FRE$OM ( A POPUL> REPUBLIC1 & :ILE !Y SIMPLY DECL>$ ?IS PLEBISCITE NULL & VOID ON ! BASIS ( A V]Y SOB] EVALUATION ( ITS RESULTS1 /ILL !Y *AMPION$ ! 0POPUL> VOTE0 ( ! =EIGN NATIONALITIES ( ,RUSSIA ON ! QUE/ION ( :I* L& !Y WANT$ TO BELONG TO1 AS ! TRUE PALLADIUM ( ALL FRE$OM & DEMOCRACY1 ! UNADULT]AT$ QU9TESS5CE ( ! WILL ( ! PEOPLES & AS ! C\RT ( LA/ RESORT 9 QUE/IONS ( ! POLITICAL FATE ( NATIONS4 

,! CONTRADICTION ?AT IS SO OBVI\S H]E IS ALL ! H>D] TO UND]/& S9CE ! DEMOCRATIC =MS ( POLITICAL LIFE 9 EA* L&1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 ACTUALLY 9VOLVE ! MO/ VALUABLE & EV5 9DISP5SABLE F\NDATIONS ( SOCIALI/ POLICY1 :]EAS ! FAM\S 0RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION ( NATIONS0 IS NO?+ BUT HOLL[1 PETTY-B\RGEOIS PHRASEOLOGY & HUMBUG4 

,9DE$1 :AT IS ?IS RI<T SUPPOS$ TO SIGNIFY8 ,IT BELONGS TO ! ,A,B,C ( SOCIALI/ POLICY ?AT SOCIALISM OPPOSES EV]Y =M ( OPPRESSION1 9CLUD+ ALSO ?AT ( ONE NATION BY ANO!R4 

,IF1 DESPITE ALL ?IS1 SU* G5]ALLY SOB] & CRITICAL POLITICIANS AS ,L59 & ,TROTSKY & !IR FRI5DS1 :O HAVE NO?+ BUT AN IRONICAL %RUG = EV]Y SORT ( UTOPIAN PHRASE SU* AS DIS>MAM5T1 LEAGUE ( NATIONS1 ETC41 HAVE 9 ?IS CASE MADE A HOLL[ PHRASE ( EXACTLY ! SAME K9D 9TO !IR SPECIAL HOBBY1 ?IS >OSE1 IT SEEMS TO US1 AS A RESULT ( SOME K9D ( POLICY MADE TO ORD] = ! OCCASION4 ,L59 & HIS COMRADES CLE>LY CALCULAT$ ?AT !RE WAS NO SUR] ME?OD ( B9D+ ! MANY =EIGN PEOPLES )9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE TO ! CAUSE ( ! REVOLUTION1 TO ! CAUSE ( ! SOCIALI/ PROLET>IAT1 ?AN ?AT ( (F]+ !M1 9 ! NAME ( ! REVOLUTION & ( SOCIALISM1 ! MO/ EXTREME & MO/ UNLIMIT$ FRE$OM TO DET]M9E !IR [N FATE4 ,?IS WAS ANALOG\S TO ! POLICY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS T[>DS ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS1 :OSE L&-HUNG] WAS SATISFI$ BY ! SLOGAN ( DIRECT SEIZURE ( ! NOBLE E/ATES & :O W]E SUPPOS$ TO BE B\ND !REBY TO ! BANN] ( ! REVOLUTION & ! PROLET>IAN GOV]NM5T4 ,9 BO? CASES1 UN=TUNATELY1 ! CALCULATION WAS 5TIRELY WRONG4 

,:ILE ,L59 & HIS COMRADES CLE>LY EXPECT$ ?AT1 AS *AMPIONS ( NATIONAL FRE$OM EV5 TO ! EXT5T ( 0SEP>ATION10 !Y W\LD TURN ,F9L&1 ! ,UKRA9E1 ,POL&1 ,LI?UANIA1 ! ,BALTIC C\NTRIES1 ! ,CAUCASUS1 ETC41 9TO SO MANY FAI?FUL ALLIES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 WE HAVE 9/EAD WITNESS$ ! OPPOSITE SPECTACLE4 ,ONE AFT] ANO!R1 !SE 0NATIONS0 US$ ! FRE%LY GRANT$ FRE$OM TO ALLY !MSELVES ) ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS ITS MORTAL 5EMY1 &1 UND] ,G]MAN PROTECTION1 TO C>RY ! BANN] ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9TO ,RUSSIA ITSELF4 ,! LITTLE GAME ) ! ,UKRA9E AT ,BRE/1 :I* CAUS$ A DECISIVE TURN ( AFFAIRS 9 ?OSE NEGOTIATIONS & BR\<T AB\T ! 5TIRE 9N] & \T] POLITICAL SITUATION AT PRES5T PREVAIL+ = ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 IS A P]FECT CASE 9 PO9T4 ,! CONDUCT ( ,F9L&1 ,POL&1 ,LI?UANIA1 ! ,BALTIC L&S1 ! PEOPLES ( ! ,CAUCASUS1 %[S MO/ CONV9C+LY ?AT WE >E NOT DEAL+ H]E ) AN EXCEPTIONAL CASE1 BUT ) A TYPICAL PH5OM5ON4 

,TO BE SURE1 9 ALL !SE CASES1 IT WAS REALLY NOT ! 0PEOPLE0 :O 5GAG$ 9 !SE REACTION>Y POLICIES1 BUT ONLY ! B\RGEOIS & PETTY-B\RGEOIS CLASSES1 :O - 9 %>PE/ OPPOSITION TO !IR [N PROLET>IAN MASSES - P]V]T$ ! 0NATIONAL RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION0 9TO AN 9/RUM5T ( !IR C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y CLASS POLITICS4 ,BUT - & H]E WE COME TO ! V]Y HE>T ( ! QUE/ION - IT IS 9 ?IS ?AT ! UTOPIAN1 PETTY-B\RGEOIS *>ACT] ( ?IS NATIONALI/IC SLOGAN RESIDES3 ?AT 9 ! MID/ ( ! CRUDE REALITIES ( CLASS SOCIETY & :5 CLASS ANTAGONISMS >E %>P5$ TO ! UTT]MO/1 IT IS SIMPLY CONV]T$ 9TO A MEANS ( B\RGEOIS CLASS RULE4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E TO BE TAU<T TO !IR [N GREAT HURT & ?AT ( ! REVOLUTION1 ?AT UND] ! RULE ( CAPITALISM !RE IS NO SELF-DET]M9ATION ( PEOPLES1 ?AT 9 A CLASS SOCIETY EA* CLASS ( ! NATION /RIVES TO 0DET]M9E ITSELF0 9 A DIFF]5T FA%ION1 & ?AT1 = ! B\RGEOIS CLASSES1 ! /&PO9T ( NATIONAL FRE$OM IS FULLY SUBORD9AT$ TO ?AT ( CLASS RULE4 ,! ,F9NI% B\RGEOISIE1 LIKE ! ,UKRA9IAN B\RGEOISIE1 W]E UNANIM\S 9 PREF]R+ ! VIOL5T RULE ( ,G]MANY TO NATIONAL FRE$OM1 IF ! LATT] %\LD BE B\ND UP ) ,BOL%EVISM4 

,! HOPE ( TRANS=M+ !SE ACTUAL CLASS RELATION%IPS SOMEH[ 9TO !IR OPPOSITE & ( GETT+ A MAJORITY VOTE = UNION ) ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION BY DEP5D+ ON ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES - IF IT WAS S]I\SLY MEANT BY ,L59 & ,TROTSKY - REPRES5T$ AN 9COMPREH5SIBLE DEGREE ( OPTIMISM4 ,& IF IT WAS ONLY MEANT AS A TACTICAL FL\RI% 9 ! DUEL ) ! ,G]MAN POLITICS ( =CE1 !N IT REPRES5T$ DANG]\S PLAY+ ) FIRE4 ,EV5 )\T ,G]MAN MILIT>Y OCCUPATION1 ! FAM\S 0POPUL> PLEBISCITE10 SUPPOS+ ?AT IT HAD COME TO ?AT 9 ! BORD] /ATES1 W\LD HAVE YIELD$ A RESULT1 9 ALL PROBABILITY1 :I* W\LD HAVE GIV5 ! ,BOL%EVIKS LITTLE CAUSE = REJOIC+2 = WE MU/ TAKE 9TO CONSID]ATION ! PSY*OLOGY ( ! PEASANT MASSES & ( GREAT SECTIONS ( ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE1 & ! ?\S& WAYS 9 :I* ! B\RGEOISIE C\LD HAVE 9FLU5C$ ! VOTE4 ,9DE$1 IT CAN BE TAK5 AS AN UNBREAKABLE RULE 9 !SE MATT]S ( PLEBISCITES ON ! NATIONAL QUE/ION ?AT ! RUL+ CLASS WILL EI!R KN[ H[ TO PREV5T !M :]E IT DOESN'T SUIT !IR PURPOSE1 OR :]E !Y SOMEH[ OCCUR1 WILL KN[ H[ TO 9FLU5CE !IR RESULTS BY ALL SORTS ( MEANS1 BIG & LITTLE1 ! SAME MEANS :I* MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO 9TRODUCE SOCIALISM BY A POPUL> VOTE4 

,! M]E FACT ?AT ! QUE/ION ( NATIONAL ASPIRATIONS & T5D5CIES T[>DS SEP>ATION W]E 9JECT$ AT ALL 9TO ! MID/ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE1 & W]E EV5 PU%$ 9TO ! =EGR\ND & MADE 9TO ! %IBBOLE? ( SOCIALI/ & REVOLUTION>Y POLICY AS A RESULT ( ! ,BRE/ PEACE1 HAS S]V$ TO BR+ ! GREATE/ CONFUSION 9TO SOCIALI/ RANKS & HAS ACTUALLY DE/ROY$ ! POSITION ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! BORD] C\NTRIES4 

,9 ,F9L&1 SO LONG AS ! SOCIALI/ PROLET>IAT F\<T AS A P>T ( ! CLOS$ ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y PHALANX1 IT POSSESS$ A POSITION ( DOM9ANT P[]3 IT HAD ! MAJORITY 9 ! ,F9NI% P>LIAM5T1 9 ! >MY2 IT HAD R$UC$ ITS [N B\RGEOISIE TO COMPLETE IMPOT5CE1 & WAS MA/] ( ! SITUATION )9 ITS BORD]S4 

,OR TAKE ! ,UKRA9E4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! C5TURY1 BE=E ! TOMFOOL]Y ( 0,UKRA9IAN NATIONALISM0 ) ITS SILV] RUBLES & ITS 0,UNIV]SALS0.<#b.> & ,L59'S HOBBY ( AN 09DEP5D5T ,UKRA9E0 HAD BE5 9V5T$1 ! ,UKRA9E WAS ! /RON<OLD ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,FROM !RE1 FROM ,RO/OV1 FROM ,ODESSA1 FROM ! ,DONETZ REGION1 FL[$ \T ! FIR/ LAVA-/REAMS ( ! REVOLUTION 7AS E>LY AS #a#i#b-#d7 :I* K9DL$ ALL ,S\? ,RUSSIA 9TO A SEA ( FLAME1 !REBY PREP>+ ! UPRIS+ ( #a#i#e4 ,! SAME ?+ WAS REPEAT$ 9 ! PRES5T REVOLUTION1 9 :I* ! ,S\? ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT SUPPLI$ ! PICK$ TROOPS ( ! PROLET>IAN PHALANX4 ,POL& & ! ,BALTIC L&S HAVE BE5 S9CE #aie ! MI<TIE/ & MO/ DEP5DABLE HE>?S ( REVOLUTION1 & 9 !M ! SOCIALI/ PROLET>IAT HAS PLAY$ AN \T/&+ ROLE4 

,H[ DOES IT HAPP5 !N ?AT 9 ALL !SE L&S ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION SUDD5LY TRIUMPHS8 ,! NATIONALI/ MOVEM5T1 JU/ BECAUSE IT TORE ! PROLET>IAT LOOSE FROM ,RUSSIA1 CRIPPL$ IT !REBY1 & DELIV]$ IT 9TO ! H&S ( ! B\RGEOISIE ( ! BORD] C\NTRIES4 

,9/EAD ( ACT+ 9 ! SAME SPIRIT ( G5U9E 9T]NATIONAL CLASS POLICY :I* !Y REPRES5T$ 9 O!R MATT]S1 9/EAD ( WORK+ = ! MO/ COMPACT UNION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES ?R\<\T ! >EA ( ! ,EMPIRE1 9/EAD ( DEF5D+ TOO? & NAIL ! 9TEGRITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE AS AN >EA ( REVOLUTION & OPPOS+ TO ALL =MS ( SEP>ATISM ! SOLID>ITY & 9SEP>ABILITY ( ! PROLET>IANS 9 ALL L&S )9 ! SPH]E ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS ! HI<E/ COMM& ( POLITICS1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 BY !IR HOLL[ NATIONALI/IC PHRASEOLOGY CONC]N+ ! 0RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION TO ! PO9T ( SEP>ATION10 HAVE ACCOMPLI%$ QUITE ! CONTR>Y & SUPPLI$ ! B\RGEOISIE 9 ALL BORD] /ATES ) ! F9E/1 ! MO/ DESIRABLE PRETEXT1 ! V]Y BANN] ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y EF=TS4 ,9/EAD ( W>N+ ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! BORD] C\NTRIES AGA9/ ALL =MS ( SEP>ATISM AS M]E B\RGEOIS TRAPS1 !Y DID NO?+ BUT CONFUSE ! MASSES 9 ALL ! BORD] C\NTRIES BY !IR SLOGAN & DELIV]$ !M UP TO ! DEMAGOGY ( ! B\RGEOIS CLASSES4 ,BY ?IS NATIONALI/IC DEM& !Y BR\<T ON ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ,RUSSIA ITSELF1 PRESS$ 9TO ! 5EMY'S H& ! KNIFE :I* IT WAS TO ?RU/ 9TO ! HE>T ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,TO BE SURE1 )\T ! HELP ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM1 )\T 0! ,G]MAN RIFLE BUTTS 9 ,G]MAN FI/S10 AS ,KAUTSKY'S ,NEUE ,ZEIT PUT IT1 ! ,LUB9SKYS & O!R LITTLE SC\NDRELS ( ! ,UKRA9E1 ! ,]I*S & ,MANN]HEIMS ( ,F9L&1 & ! ,BALTIC B>ONS1 W\LD NEV] HAVE GOTT5 ! BETT] ( ! SOCIALI/ MASSES ( ! WORK]S 9 !IR RESPECTIVE L&S4 ,BUT NATIONAL SEP>ATISM WAS ! ,TROJAN HORSE 9SIDE :I* ! ,G]MAN 0COMRADES10 BAYONET 9 H&1 MADE !IR 5TRANCE 9TO ALL ?OSE L&S4 ,! REAL CLASS ANTAGONISMS & RELATIONS ( MILIT>Y =CE BR\<T AB\T ,G]MAN 9T]V5TION4 ,BUT ! ,BOL%EVIKS PROVID$ ! IDEOLOGY :I* MASK$ ?IS CAMPAIGN ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION2 !Y /R5G!N$ ! POSITION ( ! B\RGEOISIE & WEAK5$ ?AT ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,! BE/ PRO( IS ! ,UKRA9E1 :I* WAS TO PLAY SO FRI<TFUL A ROLE 9 ! FATE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,UKRA9IAN NATIONALISM 9 ,RUSSIA WAS SOME?+ QUITE DIFF]5T FROM1 LET US SAY1 ,CZE*I%1 ,POLI% OR ,F9NI% NATIONALISM 9 ?AT ! =M] WAS A M]E :IM1 A FOLLY ( A FEW DOZ5 PETTY-B\RGEOIS 9TELLECTUALS )\T ! SLI<TE/ ROOTS 9 ! ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL OR PSY*OLOGICAL RELATION%IPS ( ! C\NTRY2 IT WAS )\T ANY HI/ORICAL TRADITION1 S9CE ! ,UKRA9E NEV] =M$ A NATION OR GOV]NM5T1 WAS )\T ANY NATIONAL CULTURE1 EXCEPT = ! REACTION>Y-ROMANTIC POEMS ( ,%EVS*5KO4 ,IT IS EXACTLY AS IF1 ONE F9E DAY1 ! PEOPLE LIV+ 9 ! ,WASS]KANTE.<#c.> %\LD WANT TO F\ND A NEW ,L[-,G]MAN 7,PLATTDEUTS*E7 NATION & GOV]NM5T6 ,& ?IS RIDICUL\S POSE ( A FEW UNIV]SITY PR(ESSORS & /UD5TS WAS 9FLAT$ 9TO A POLITICAL =CE BY ,L59 & HIS COMRADES ?R\< !IR DOCTR9AIRE AGITATION CONC]N+ ! 0RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION 9CLUD+ ETC40 ,TO :AT WAS AT FIR/ A M]E F>CE !Y L5T SU* IMPORTANCE ?AT ! F>CE BECAME A MATT] ( ! MO/ DEADLY S]I\SNESS - NOT AS A S]I\S NATIONAL MOVEM5T = :I*1 AFT]W>DS AS BE=E1 !RE >E NO ROOTS AT ALL1 BUT AS A %+LE & RALLY+ FLAG ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION6 ,AT ,BRE/1 \T ( ?IS ADDL$ EGG CREPT ! ,G]MAN BAYONETS4 

,!RE >E TIMES :5 SU* PHRASES HAVE A V]Y REAL MEAN+ 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! CLASS /RUGGLES4 ,IT IS ! UNHAPPY LOT ( SOCIALISM ?AT 9 ?IS ,WORLD ,W> IT WAS GIV5 TO IT TO SUPPLY ! IDEOLOGICAL SCRE5S = C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y POLICY4 ,AT ! \TBREAK ( ! W>1 ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY HA/5$ TO DECK ! PR$ATORY EXP$ITION ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM ) AN IDEOLOGICAL %IELD FROM ! LUMB]-ROOM ( ,M>XISM BY DECL>+ IT TO BE A LIB]AT+ EXP$ITION AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN ,CZ>ISM1 SU* AS \R OLD TEA*]S 7,M>X & ,5GELS7 HAD LONG$ =4 ,& TO ! LOT ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 :O W]E ! V]Y ANTIPODES ( \R GOV]NM5T SOCIALI/S1 DID IT FALL TO SUPPLY GRI/ = ! MILL ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION ) !IR PHRASES AB\T SELF-DET]M9ATION ( PEOPLES2 & !REBY TO SUPPLY NOT ALONE ! IDEOLOGY = ! /RANGL+ ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ITSELF1 BUT EV5 = ! PLANS = SETTL+ ! 5TIRE CRISIS >IS+ \T ( ! ,WORLD ,W>4 

,WE HAVE GOOD REASON TO EXAM9E V]Y C>EFULLY ! POLICIES ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ?IS REG>D4 ,! 0RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION ( PEOPLES10 C\PL$ ) ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS & DIS>MAM5T BY ! GRACE ( ,PRESID5T ,WILSON1 CON/ITUTE ! BATTLE-CRY UND] :I* ! COM+ RECKON+ ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM ) ! B\RGEOISIE IS TO BE SETTL$4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! PHRASES CONC]N+ SELF-DET]M9ATION & ! 5TIRE NATIONALI/ MOVEM5T1 :I* AT PRES5T CON/ITUTE ! GREATE/ DANG] = 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM1 HAVE EXP]I5C$ AN EXTRAORD9>Y /R5G!N+ FROM ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ,BRE/ NEGOTIATIONS4 ,WE %ALL YET HAVE TO GO 9TO ?IS PLAT=M ?OR\<LY4 ,! TRAGIC FATE ( !SE PHRASES 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ON ! ?ORNS ( :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E !MSELVES1 DE/9$ TO BE CAU<T & BLOODILY SCRAT*$1 MU/ S]VE ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT AS A W>N+ & LESSON4 

,& FROM ?IS !RE FOLL[$ ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,G]MANY FROM ! TIME ( ! ,BRE/ TREATY TO ! TIME ( ! 0SUPPLEM5T>Y TREATY40 ,! TWO HUNDR$ EXPIATORY SACRIFICES 9 ,MOSC[4 ,FROM ?IS SITUATION >OSE ! T]ROR & SUPPRESSION ( DEMOCRACY4.<#d.> 

,FOOTNOTES 

.<#a.> ,LUXEMBURG REF]S TO ! GOV]NM5TS ( ,MILIUKOV & ,K]5SKY W]E TWO REGIMES PREC$+ ?AT ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS DUR+ ! E>LI] MON?S ( #a#i#a#g1 AFT] ! D[NFALL ( ! ,CZ>4 ,BO? ( !SE GOV]NM5TS ATTEMPT$ TO CONT9UE ! W> = ! IMP]IALI/ OBJECTIVES ( ! OLD ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE & D5I$ ! RI<T ( ! NATIONAL M9ORITIES TO SEP>ATION FROM ,RUSSIA4 

.<#b.> ,! MANUSCRIPT SPEAKS ( ,K>B[5TZ51 :I* ,I TAKE TO BE A ,G]MANIZATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORD = 0SILV] RUBLE10 PROBABLY REF]R+ TO A SPECIAL ,UKRA9IAN CO9AGE1 & ( 0,UNIV]SALS10 ! NAME APPLI$ TO C]TA9 MANIFE/OES OR DECL>ATIONS ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,RADA 7NATIONAL ASSEMBLY74 

.<#c.> ,A REGION 9 ,G]MANY :]E ! ,G]MAN DIALECT KN[N AS ,PLATTDEUTS* IS SPOK54 

.<#d.> ,SIX WEEKS AFT] ! SIGN+ ( ! ,BRE/-,LITOVSK TREATY1 !RE WAS A CODICIL OR SUPPLEM5T SIGN$4 ,! 0TWO HUNDR$ EXPIATORY SACRIFICES0 MAY REF] TO ! EXECUTION ( P]SONS *>G$ ) COMPLICITY 9 ! ASSASS9ATION ( ! ,G]MAN AMBASSADOR TO ,RUSSIA1 ,C\NT VON ,MIRBA*4 ,HE WAS %OT BY MEMB]S ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>Y P>TY1 :I* HAD COOP]AT$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS UNTIL ! SIGN+ ( ! ,BRE/ TREATY & !N W5T 9TO OPPOSITION & TRI$ BY V>I\S MEANS TO PREV5T ! SIGN+ ( ! TREATY4 ,FROM ?IS TIME =W>D1 ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T WAS A ONE-P>TY GOV]NM5T 

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