,*APT] #e 
,! ,QUE/ION ( ,SUFFRAGE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,LET'S TAKE ANO!R /RIK+ EXAMPLE3 ! RI<T ( SUFFRAGE AS WORK$ \T BY ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T4 ,IT IS NOT CLE> :AT PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE IS ATTRIBUT$ TO ! RI<T ( SUFFRAGE4 ,FROM ! CRITIQUE ( DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS BY ,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 IT APPE>S ?AT POPUL> REPRES5TATION ON ! BASIS ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE IS REJECT$ BY !M ON PR9CIPLE1 & ?AT !Y WANT TO BASE !MSELVES ONLY ON ! SOVIETS4 ,:Y1 !N1 ANY G5]AL SUFFRAGE SY/EM WAS WORK$ \T AT ALL IS REALLY NOT CLE>4 ,IT IS ALSO NOT KN[N TO US :E!R ?IS RI<T ( SUFFRAGE WAS PUT 9 PRACTICE ANY:]E2 NO?+ HAS BE5 HE>D ( ANY ELECTIONS TO ANY K9D ( POPUL> REPRES5TATIVE BODY ON ! BASIS ( IT4 ,MORE LIKELY1 IT IS ONLY A !ORETICAL PRODUCT1 SO TO SPEAK1 ( DIPLOMACY2 BUT1 AS IT IS1 IT CON/ITUTES A REM>KABLE PRODUCT ( ! ,BOL%EVI/ !ORY ( DICTATOR%IP4 

,EV]Y RI<T ( SUFFRAGE1 LIKE ANY POLITICAL RI<T 9 G5]AL1 IS NOT TO BE MEASUR$ BY SOME SORT ( AB/RACT S*EME ( 0JU/ICE10 OR 9 T]MS ( ANY O!R B\RGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC PHRASES1 BUT BY ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC RELATION%IPS = :I* IT IS DESIGN$4 ,! RI<T ( SUFFRAGE WORK$ \T BY ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T IS CALCULAT$ = ! TRANSITION P]IOD FROM ! B\RGEOIS-CAPITALI/ TO ! SOCIALI/ =M ( SOCIETY1 ?AT IS1 IT IS CALCULAT$ = ! P]IOD ( ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP4 ,BUT1 ACCORD+ TO ! 9T]PRETATION ( ?IS DICTATOR%IP :I* ,L59 & ,TROTSKY REPRES5T1 ! RI<T TO VOTE IS GRANT$ ONLY TO ?OSE :O LIVE BY !IR [N LABOR & IS D5I$ TO EV]YONE ELSE4 

,N[ IT IS CLE> ?AT SU* A RI<T TO VOTE HAS MEAN+ ONLY 9 A SOCIETY :I* IS 9 A POSITION TO MAKE POSSIBLE = ALL :O WANT TO WORK AN ADEQUATE CIVILIZ$ LIFE ON ! BASIS ( ONE'S [N LABOR4 ,IS ?AT ! CASE 9 ,RUSSIA AT PRES5T8 ,UND] ! T]RIFIC DIFFICULTIES :I* ,RUSSIA HAS TO CONT5D )1 CUT (F AS %E IS FROM ! WORLD M>KET & FROM H] MO/ IMPORTANT S\RCE ( RAW MAT]IALS1 & UND] CIRCUM/ANCES 9VOLV+ A T]RIFIC G5]AL UPROOT+ ( ECONOMIC LIFE & A RUDE OV]TURN ( PRODUCTION RELATION%IPS AS A RESULT ( ! TRANS=MATION ( PROP]TY RELATION%IPS 9 L& & 9DU/RY & TRADE - UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES1 IT IS CLE> ?AT C\NTLESS EXI/5CES >E QUITE SUDD5LY UPROOT$1 D]AIL$ )\T ANY OBJECTIVE POSSIBILITY ( F9D+ ANY EMPLOYM5T = !IR LABOR P[] )9 ! ECONOMIC ME*ANISM4 ,?IS APPLIES NOT ONLY TO ! CAPITALI/ & L&-[+ MASSES1 BUT TO ! BROAD LAY] ( ! MIDDLE CLASS ALSO1 & EV5 TO ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF4 ,IT IS A KN[N FACT ?AT ! CON/RUCTION ( 9DU/RY HAS RESULT$ 9 A MASS-SCALE RETURN ( ! URBAN PROLET>IAT TO ! OP5 C\NTRY 9 SE>* ( A PLACE 9 RURAL ECONOMY4 ,UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES1 A POLITICAL RI<T ( SUFFRAGE ON ! BASIS ( A G5]AL OBLIGATION TO LABOR1 IS A QUITE 9COMPREH5SIBLE MEASURE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! MA9 TR5D1 ONLY ! EXPLOIT]S >E SUPPOS$ TO BE DEPRIV$ ( !IR POLITICAL RI<TS4 ,&1 ON ! O!R H&1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT PRODUCTIVE LABOR P[]S >E BE+ UPROOT$ ON A MASS SCALE1 ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T IS (T5 COMPELL$ TO H& OV] NATIONAL 9DU/RY TO ITS =M] [N]S1 ON LEASE1 SO TO SPEAK4 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T WAS =C$ TO CONCLUDE A COMPROMISE ) ! B\RGEOIS CONSUM]S' COOP]ATIVES ALSO4 ,FUR!R1 ! USE ( B\RGEOIS SPECIALI/S PROV$ UNAVOIDABLE4 ,ANO!R CONSEQU5CE ( ! SAME SITUATION IS ?AT GR[+ SECTIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT1 = :OM ! ECONOMIC ME*ANISM PROVIDES NO MEANS ( EX]CIS+ ! OBLIGATION TO WORK1 >E R5D]$ POLITICALLY )\T ANY RI<TS4 

,IT MAKES NO S5SE TO REG>D ! RI<T ( SUFFRAGE AS A UTOPIAN PRODUCT ( FANTASY1 CUT LOOSE FROM SOCIAL REALITY4 ,& IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT IT IS NOT A S]I\S 9/RUM5T ( ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP4 ,IT IS AN ANA*RONISM1 AN ANTICIPATION ( ! JURIDICAL SITUATION :I* IS PROP] ON ! BASIS ( AN ALREADY COMPLET$ SOCIALI/ ECONOMY1 BUT IS NOT 9 ! TRANSITION P]IOD ( ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP4 

,AS ! 5TIRE MIDDLE CLASS1 ! B\RGEOIS & PETTY B\RGEOIS 9TELLIG5TSIA1 BOYCOTT$ ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T = MON?S AFT] ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION & CRIPPL$ ! RAILROAD1 PO/ & TELEGRAPH1 & $UCATIONAL & ADM9I/RATIVE APP>ATUS1 &1 9 ?IS FA%ION1 OPPOS$ ! WORK]S GOV]NM5T1 NATURALLY ALL MEASURES ( PRESSURE W]E EX]T$ AGA9/ IT4 ,!SE 9CLUD$ ! DEPRIVATION ( POLITICAL RI<TS1 ( ECONOMIC MEANS ( EXI/5CE1 ETC41 9 ORD] TO BREAK !IR RESI/ANCE ) AN IRON FI/4 ,IT WAS PRECISELY 9 ?IS WAY ?AT ! SOCIALI/ DICTATOR%IP EXPRESS$ ITSELF1 = IT CANNOT %R9K FROM ANY USE ( =CE TO SECURE OR PREV5T C]TA9 MEASURES 9VOLV+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! :OLE4 ,BUT :5 IT COMES TO A SUFFRAGE LAW :I* PROVIDES = ! G5]AL DISFRAN*ISEM5T ( BROAD SECTIONS ( SOCIETY1 :OM IT PLACES POLITICALLY \TSIDE ! FRAMEWORK ( SOCIETY &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 IS NOT 9 A POSITION TO MAKE ANY PLACE = !M EV5 ECONOMICALLY )9 ?AT FRAMEWORK1 :5 IT 9VOLVES A DEPRIVATION ( RI<TS NOT AS CONCRETE MEASURES = A CONCRETE PURPOSE BUT AS A G5]AL RULE ( LONG-/&+ EFFECT1 !N1 IT IS NOT A NECESSITY ( DICTATOR%IP BUT A MAKE%IFT1 9CAPABLE ( BE+ C>RI$ \T 9 LIFE4 ,?IS APPLIES ALIKE TO ! SOVIETS AS ! F\NDATION1 & TO ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY & ! G5]AL SUFFRAGE LAW4.<#a.> 

,BUT ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY & ! SUFFRAGE LAW DO NOT EXHAU/ ! MATT]4 ,WE DID NOT CONSID] ABOVE ! DE/RUCTION ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT DEMOCRATIC GU>ANTEES ( A HEAL?Y PUBLIC LIFE & ( ! POLITICAL ACTIVITY ( ! LABOR+ MASSES3 FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 ! RI<TS ( ASSOCIATION & ASSEMBLY1 :I* HAVE BE5 \TLAW$ = ALL OPPON5TS ( ! ,SOVIET REGIME4 ,= !SE ATTACKS 7ON DEMOCRATIC RI<TS71 ! >GUM5TS ( ,TROTSKY CIT$ ABOVE1 ON ! CUMB]SOME NATURE ( DEMOCRATIC ELECTORAL BODIES1 >E F> FROM SATISFACTORY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT IS A WELL-KN[N & 9DISPUTABLE FACT ?AT )\T A FREE & UNTRAMMEL$ PRESS1 )\T ! UNLIMIT$ RI<T ( ASSOCIATION & ASSEMBLAGE1 ! RULE ( ! BROAD MASSES ( ! PEOPLE IS 5TIRELY UN?9KABLE4 

,FOOTNOTES 

.<#a.> ,! FOLL[+ PASSAGE WAS F\ND CROSS$ \T ON AN UNNUMB]$ LOOSE %EET ( PAP] 9 ! MANUSCRIPT3 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS DESIGNAT$ ! SOVIETS AS REACTION>Y BECAUSE !IR MAJORITY CONSI/$ ( PEASANTS 7PEASANT & SOLDI] DELEGATES74 ,AFT] ! ,SOVIETS W5T OV] TO !M1 !Y BECAME CORRECT REPRES5TATIVES ( PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,BUT ?IS SUDD5 *ANGE WAS CONNECT$ ONLY ) PEACE & L& QUE/IONS4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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