,! ,%,A,C ,MODEL 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

  

0,WE W]E AW>E ( ! ACTIVI/S1 BUT ,I DON'T ?9K WE UND]/OOD EXACTLY TO :AT L5G?S !Y W\LD GO40 

- ,W>R5 ,/EV5S1 ON DROPP+ A @s#c#c MILLION LOAN TO ,HUNT+DON ,LIFE ,SCI5CES DESPITE HAV+ V[$ NEV] TO DO SO1 FOLL[+ RIOT+ AT HIS (FICES 9 ,LITTLE ,ROCK & V&ALISM ( HIS PROP]TY  
  
  

0,! NUMB] ( ACTIVI/S ISN'T HUGE1 BUT !IR IMPACT HAS BE5 9CR$IBLE 444 ,!RE NE$S TO BE AN UND]/&+ ?AT ?IS IS A ?REAT TO ALL 9DU/RIES4 ,! TACTICS C\LD BE EXT5D$ TO ANY O!R SECTORS ( ! ECONOMY40 

- ,BRIAN ,CASS1 MANAG+ DIRECTOR ( ,H,L,S  
  
  

0,:]E ALL ANIMAL WELF>E & MO/ ANIMAL RI<TS GR\PS 9SI/ ON WORK+ )9 ! LEGAL B\ND>IES ( SOCIETY1 ANIMAL LIB]ATIONI/S >GUE ?AT ! /ATE IS IRREVOCABLY CORRUPT & ?AT LEGAL APPROA*ES ALONE WILL NEV] W9 JU/ICE = ! ANIMALS40 

- ,A,L,F ,PRESS ,(FICE  
  

,OV] ! PA/ DECADE1 ,/OP ,HUNT+DON ,ANIMAL ,CRUELTY--,%,A,C--HAS WAG$ AN 9T]NATIONAL DIRECT ACTION CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ,HUNT+DON ,LIFE ,SCI5CES1 ,EUROPE'S L>GE/ CONTRACT ANIMAL TE/+ CORPORATION4 ,BY T>GET+ 9VE/ORS & BUS9ESS P>TN]S ( ,H,L,S1 ,%,A,C REPEAT$LY BR\<T ,H,L,S TO ! BR9K ( COLLAPSE1 & IT TOOK DIRECT ASSI/ANCE FROM ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T & AN 9T]NATIONAL C\NT]-CAMPAIGN ( SEV]E LEGAL REPRESSION TO KEEP ! CORPORATION AFLOAT4 

,9 ! WAKE ( ?IS CAMPAIGN1 !RE WAS TALK ( APPLY+ ! ,%,A,C MODEL 9 O!R CONTEXTS1 SU* AS 5VIRONM5TAL DEF5SE & ANTI-W> ORGANIZ+4 ,BUT :AT IS ! ,%,A,C MODEL1 PRECISELY8 ,:AT >E ITS /R5G?S & LIMITATIONS8 ,IS IT1 9 FACT1 AN EFFECTIVE MODEL8 ,IF SO1 = :AT8 

,FIR/1 A ,GLOSS>Y ( ,T]MS 

  

,VIEW$ FROM \TSIDE1 ! ANIMAL RI<TS MILIEU CAN BE CONFUS+1 EV5 = O!R RADICALS4 ,ON ONE H&1 ! 9T5SE FOCUS ON ?IS S+LE ISSUE CAN CONTRIBUTE TO AN 9SUL> M9DSET1 IF NOT \TRI<T MYOPIA2 ON ! O!R H&1 !RE >E C\NTLESS ANIMAL LIB]ATION ACTIVI/S :O SEE !IR EF=TS AS P>T ( A L>G] /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALL =MS ( OPPRESSION4 ,?OSE NOT FAMILI> ) ! 9N] WORK+S ( ! MILIEU (T5 CONFLATE ! POSITIONS ( OPPOS+ FACTIONS4 ,AT ! RISK ( OV]SIMPLIFY+1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO ID5TIFY ?REE DI/9CT S*OOLS ( ?\<T3 

,ANIMAL ,WELF>E - ,! IDEA ?AT ANIMALS %\LD BE TREAT$ ) M]CY & COMPASSION1 ESPECIALLY :5 !Y >E US$ = HUMAN B5EFIT SU* AS FOOD PRODUCTION4 ,= EXAMPLE1 SOME ANIMAL WELF>E ADVOCATES LOBBY ! GOV]NM5T = MORE HUMANE SLAU<T] LAWS4 

,EXAMPLE3 ! ,HUMANE ,SOCIETY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 7,H,S,U,S7 

,ANIMAL ,RI<TS - ,! IDEA ?AT ANIMALS HAVE !IR [N 9T]E/S & DES]VE LEGISLATION TO PROTECT !M4 ,?OSE :O BELIEVE 9 ANIMAL RI<TS (T5 MA9TA9 VEGAN DIETS & OPPOSE ! USE ( ANIMALS = 5T]TA9M5T1 EXP]IM5TATION1 FOOD1 OR CLO?+4 ,:ILE !Y MAY P>TICIPATE 9 PROTE/S OR CIVIL DISOB$I5CE1 !Y ALSO G5]ALLY BELIEVE 9 WORK+ )9 ! SY/EM1 ?R\< LOBBY+1 M>KET+1 \TREA*1 & USE ( ! CORPORATE M$IA4 

,EXAMPLE3 ,PEOPLE = ! ,E?ICAL ,TREATM5T ( ,ANIMALS 7,P,E,T,A7 

,ANIMAL ,LIB]ATION - ,! IDEA ?AT ANIMALS %\LD NOT BE DOME/ICAT$ OR HELD 9 CAPTIVITY4 ,S9CE ?IS IS NOT POSSIBLE )9 ! LOGIC ( ! CURR5T SOCIAL & ECONOMIC SY/EM1 ANIMAL LIB]ATIONI/S (T5 T5D T[>DS AN>*ISM1 & MAY BREAK LAWS 9 ORD] TO RESCUE ANIMALS OR TO PRES]VE HABITAT4 

,EXAMPLE3 ! ,ANIMAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT 7,A,L,F7.<#a.> 

,MANY GR\PS FOCUS$ ON ANIMAL WELF>E & ANIMAL RI<TS HAVE CRITICIZ$ ?OSE :O 5GAGE 9 DIRECT ACTION1 >GU+ ?AT SU* ACTIONS HURT ! IMAGE ( ANIMAL ADVOCATES & ALI5ATE POT5TIAL SYMPA?IZ]S4 ,IT'S ALSO POSSIBLE TO 9T]PRET ?IS CRITICISM AS MOTIVAT$ BY ! ECONOMIC 9DUCEM5T ( BUILD+ UP A WEAL?Y MEMB]%IP BASE & ! FE> ( RUNN+ AF\L ( GOV]NM5T REPRESSION4 ,9 ADDITION TO D5\NC+ DIRECT ACTION1 PROHIBIT+ !IR EMPLOYES FROM 9T]ACT+ ) ?OSE :O C\NT5ANCE IT1 & PULL+ \T ( CONF]5CES 9CLUD+ MORE MILITANT SPEAK]S1 ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ,H,S,U,S HAVE GONE SO F> AS TO LAUD ! ,F,B,I = CRACK+ D[N ON ANIMAL LIB]ATION EF=TS4 ,9 #b#h1 ,H,S,U,S O/5TATI\SLY (F]$ A @s#b#e REW>D TO ANYONE PROVID+ 9=MATION LEAD+ TO ! CONVICTION ( P]SONS 9VOLV$ ) AN >SON ALLEG$ BY ! ,F,B,I TO BE ! WORK ( ANIMAL RI<TS ACTIVI/S4 

,! ,%,A,C ,/ORY3 ,OV]SEAS ,BEG9N+S 

  

,! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN ORIG9AT$ 9 ,BRITA91 FOLL[+ A S]IES ( SUCCESSFUL CLOSURES ( LABORATORY ANIMAL BRE$]S 9VOLV+ TACTICS FROM PICKET+ TO ,A,L,F RAIDS & CLA%ES ) ! POLICE4 ,VIDEO FOOTAGE %OT COV]TLY 9SIDE ,H,L,S 9 #aiig WAS AIR$ ON ,BRITI% TELEVISION1 %[+ /AFF %AK+1 PUN*+1 & %\T+ AT BEAGLES 9 AN ,H,L,S LAB4 ,P,E,T,A /OPP$ ORGANIZ+ PROTE/S AGA9/ ,H,L,S AFT] BE+ ?REAT5$ ) LEGAL ACTION1 & ,%,A,C =M$ TO TAKE OV] ! CAMPAIGN 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#i#i4 

,HUNT+DON ,LIFE ,SCI5CES WAS A MORE =MIDABLE T>GET ?AN ANY 9DIVIDUAL ANIMAL BRE$]2 ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN CON/ITUT$ AN ESCALATION 9 ANIMAL RI<TS ACTIVISM 9 ,BRITA94 ,! IDEA WAS TO FOCUS SPECIFICALLY ON ! CORPORATION'S F9ANCES1 UTILIZ+ ! TACTICS ?AT HAD CLOS$ SMALL BUS9ESSES TO %UT D[N AN 5TIRE CORPORATION4 ,ACTIVI/S SET \T TO ISOLATE ,H,L,S BY H>ASS+ ANYONE 9VOLV$ ) ANY CORPORATION ?AT DID BUS9ESS ) !M4 ,! ROLE ( ,%,A,C AS AN ORGANIZATION WAS SIMPLY TO DI/RIBUTE 9=MATION AB\T POT5TIAL T>GETS & REPORT ON ACTIONS AS !Y OCCURR$4 

,9 ,JANU>Y #b1 ,BRITI% ACTIVI/S PUBLICIZ$ A LI/ ( ! L>GE/ %>EHOLD]S 9 ,H,L,S1 9CLUD+ ?OSE :O HELD %>ES ?R\< ?IRD P>TIES = ANONYMITY--ONE ( :I* WAS ,BRITA9'S ,LABOR ,P>TY4 ,FOLL[+ TWO WEEKS ( PIT*$ DEMON/RATIONS1 MANY %>EHOLD]S SOLD !IR HOLD+S2 F9ALLY1 #cb MILLION %>ES W]E PLAC$ ON ! ,LONDON ,/OCK ,EX*ANGE = ONE P5NY EA* & ,H,L,S /OCKS CRA%$4 ,9 ! 5SU+ *AOS1 ! ,ROYAL ,BANK ( ,SCOTL& WROTE (F AN ,G,B,P#a#a4#f MILLION LOAN 9 EX*ANGE = A PAYM5T ( JU/ ,G,B,P#a 9 ORD] TO DI/ANCE ITSELF FROM ! COMPANY1 & ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T >RANG$ = ! /ATE-[N$ ,BANK ( ,5GL& TO GIVE !M AN ACC\NT BECAUSE NO O!R BANK W\LD DO BUS9ESS ) !M4 ,! COMPANY'S %>E PRICE1 WOR? >\ND ,G,B,P#c 9 ! #a#i#iS1 FELL TO ,G,B,P#a4#g#e 9 ,JANU>Y #b#a1 /ABILIZ+ AT #c P5CE BY MID-#b#a4 

,ON ,DECEMB] #b#a1 #b1 ,H,L,S WAS DROPP$ FROM ! ,NEW ,YORK ,/OCK ,EX*ANGE2 ?REE MON?S LAT]1 IT LO/ ITS PLACE ON ! MA9 PLAT=M ( ! ,LONDON ,/OCK ,EX*ANGE AS WELL4 ,H,L,S WAS ONLY SAV$ FROM BANKRUPTCY :5 ITS L>GE/ REMA9+ %>EHOLD]1 ! ,AM]ICAN 9VE/M5T BANK ,/EPH5S1 GAVE ! COMPANY A @s#a#e MILLION LOAN4 ,?IS *APT] ( ! /ORY CLOS$ ) ,H,L,S MOV+ ITS F9ANCIAL C5T] TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ,U,S LAWS ALL[+ GREAT] ANONYMITY = %>EHOLD]S4 

,9 ! ,U,S,A 

  

,MEAN:ILE1 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! ANTI-FUR CAMPAIGNS ?AT HAD *>ACT]IZ$ MU* ( #a#i#iS ANIMAL RI<TS ORGANIZ+ HAD PLATEAU$2 ! TACTICS ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE DEVELOP$ 9 ?OSE CAMPAIGNS HAD REA*$ A PO9T ( DIM9I%+ RETURNS1 & MANY ACTIVI/S W]E CA/+ >\ND = NEW T>GETS & /RATEGIES4 ,ONE FACTION ( ! ANIMAL RI<TS MOVEM5T1 EXEMPLIFI$ BY GR\PS LIKE ,VEGAN ,\TREA* & ,D,C ,COMPASSION ,OV] ,KILL+1#b MOV$ ON TO PROMOT+ VEGANISM4 ,MORE MILITANT ACTIVI/S S\<T O!R PO9TS ( DEP>TURE4 ,SOME1 LIKE ,KEV9 ,KJONAAS1 :O W5T ON TO BECOME PRESID5T ( ,%,A,C ,U,S,A1 HAD BE5 9 ,BRITA9 & WITNESS$ ! APEX ( ! ,BRITI% ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN1 JU/ AS ANTI-GLOBALIZATION ACTIVI/S VISIT+ ,BRITA9 9 ! #a#i#iS HAD BR\<T BACK HEADY TALES ( ,RECLAIM ! ,/REETS ACTIONS4 

,! ,U,S ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN CAME \T ( CONV]SATIONS BETWE5 ANIMAL RI<TS ACTIVI/S 9 DIFF]5T P>TS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,:ILE ! VEGAN \TREA* CAMPAIGN S\<T TO APPEAL TO ! L[E/ COMMON D5OM9ATOR 9 ORD] TO W9 OV] CONSUM]S1 ,%,A,C ATTRACT$ MILITANTS :O WANT$ TO MAKE ! MO/ EFFICI5T USE ( !IR 9DIVIDUAL EF=TS4 ,SOME REASON$ ?AT IT WAS UNLIKELY ?AT ! 5TIRE M>KET BASE = ANIMAL PRODUCTS W\LD BE WON OV] TO VEGANISM1 ESPECIALLY 9S(> AS PEOPLE T5D TO BE DEF5SIVE AB\T !IR LIFE/YLE *OICES1 BUT PRACTICALLY EV]YONE C\LD AGREE ?AT PUN*+ PUPPIES IS 9EXCUSABLE4 

,%,A,C ,U,S,A GOT />T$ 9 ,JANU>Y #b#a1 JU/ AS ,/EPH5S1 ,9C4 SAV$ ,H,L,S FROM BANKRUPTCY4 ,/EPH5S WAS BAS$ 9 ,LITTLE ,ROCK1 ,>KANSAS1 SO A NUMB] ( ACTIVI/S MOV$ !RE TO ORGANIZE4 ,9 ,APRIL1 #ad BEAGLES W]E LIB]AT$ FROM ! NEW ,H,L,S LAB 9 ,NEW ,J]SEY2 AT ! 5D ( ,OCTOB]1 HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE GA!R$ 9 ,LITTLE ,ROCK = A WEEK5D ( DEMON/RATIONS AT ,W>R5 ,/EPH5S' HOME & ! (FICES ( ,/EPH5S1 ,9C4 ,BY ! FOLL[+ SPR+1 ,/EPH5S HAD DIT*$ ,H,L,S1 BREAK+ (F A FIVE-YE> CONTRACT AFT] ONLY ONE YE>4 

,UNRIVAL$ BY ANY CAMPAIGN ( COMP>ABLE SCALE & EFFECTIV5ESS1 ,%,A,C TOOK (F QUICKLY 9 ! ,U,S4 ,?ANKS 9 P>T TO SUP]IOR FUND+1.<#c.> ! PROPAG&A WAS COLORFUL & EXCIT+1 AS W]E PROMOTIONAL VIDEOS ?AT JUXTAPOS$ HE>T-WR5*+ CLIPS ( ANIMAL CRUELTY ) 9SPIR+ DEMON/RATION FOOTAGE TO A PULSE-RAC+ S\NDTRACK ( TE*NO MUSIC4 ,! CAMPAIGN (F]$ P>TICIPANTS A WIDE RANGE ( OPTIONS1 9CLUD+ CIVIL DISOB$I5CE1 (FICE DISRUPTIONS1 PROP]TY DE/RUCTION1 CALL-9S1 PRANKS1 TABL+1 & HOME DEMON/RATIONS4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO ! HEYDAY ( ANTI-GLOBALIZATION SUMMIT-HOPP+1 T>GETS W]E AVAILABLE ALL >\ND ! C\NTRY1 LIMIT$ ONLY BY ACTIVI/S' IMAG9ATIONS & RESE>*4 ,! 9T]M$IATE GOALS ( =C+ SPECIFIC 9VE/ORS & BUS9ESS P>TN]S TO DISCONNECT FROM ,H,L,S W]E (T5 EASILY ACCOMPLI%$1 PROVID+ IMM$IATE GRATIFICATION TO P>TICIPANTS4 

,:]EAS AN 9DIVIDUAL MI<T FEEL 9SIGNIFICANT AT AN ANTIW> M>* ( ?\S&S1 IF %E WAS ONE ( A DOZ5 PEOPLE AT A HOME DEMON/RATION ?AT CAUS$ AN 9VE/OR TO PULL \T1 %E C\LD FEEL ?AT %E HAD P]SONALLY ACCOMPLI%$ SOME?+ CONCRETE4 ,! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN (F]$ ! K9D ( SU/A9$ L[-9T5SITY CONFLICT ?R\< :I* PEOPLE CAN BECOME RADICALIZ$ & DEVELOP A S5SE ( COLLECTIVE P[]4 ,RUNN+ 9 BLACK BLOCS ) FRI5DS1 EVAD+ POLICE AFT] DEMON/RATIONS1 LI/5+ TO 9SPIRATIONAL SPEE*ES TOGE!R1 WALK+ ?R\< (FICES YELL+ ON BULLHORNS1 READ+ O!R ACTIVI/S' REPORTS ONL9E1 ! FEEL+ ( BE+ ON ! W9N+ SIDE ( AN EFFECTIVE LIB]ATION /RUGGLE--ALL !SE CONTRIBUT$ TO ! SEEM+LY UN/OPPABLE MOM5TUM ( ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN4 

,ACTION 

  
  

0,C>R ,SECURITIES BEGAN M>KET+ ! ,HUNT+DON ,LIFE ,SCI5CES /OCK4 ,! NEXT DAY1 ! ,MANHASSET ,BAY ,YA*T ,CLUB1 TO :I* C]TA9 ,C>R EXECUTIVES REPORT$LY BELONG1 WAS V&ALIZ$ BY ANIMAL RI<TS ACTIVI/S4 ,! EXTREMI/S S5T A CLAIM ( RESPONSIBILITY TO ! ,%,A,C WEBSITE1 & ?REE DAYS AFT] ! 9CID5T1 ,C>R T]M9AT$ ITS BUS9ESS RELATION%IP ) ,H,L,S40 

- ,JOHN ,LEWIS1 ,DEPUTY ,ASSI/ANT ,DIRECTOR ,F,B,I ,OV]SI<T ON SO-CALL$ 0,ECO-T]RORISM0  
  

,DIRECT ACTION AGA9/ ?OSE DO+ BUS9ESS ) ,H,L,S HAS TAK5 MANY =MS1 OCCASIONALLY ESCALAT+ TO >SON & VIOL5CE4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #b#a1 ,H,L,S MANAG+ DIRECTOR ,BRIAN ,CASS WAS HOSPITALIZ$ AFT] BE+ ATTACK$ ) AX H&LES AT HIS HOME4 ,?AT ,JULY1 ! ,PIRATES = ,ANIMAL ,LIB]ATION SANK ! YA*T ( A ,BANK ( ,NEW ,YORK EXECUTIVE1 & ! BANK SOON SEV]$ TIES ) ! LAB4 ,A YE> LAT]1 SMOKE BOMBS W]E SET (F AT ! (FICES ( ,M>% ,CORP4 9 ,SEATTLE1 CAUS+ ! EVACUATION ( ! HI< RISE & !IR DISASSOCIATION FROM ,H,L,S4 ,9 FALL ( #b#c1 9C5DI>Y DEVICES W]E LEFT AT ,*IRON & ,%AKLEE CORPORATIONS = !IR CONTRACT+ ) ,H,L,S4 ,9 #b#e1 ,VANC\V]-BAS$ BROK]AGE ,CANACCORD ,CAPITAL ANN\NC$ ?AT IT HAD DROPP$ A CLI5T1 ,PHYTOPH>M ,P,L,C1 9 RESPONSE TO ! ,A,L,F FIREBOMB+ ( A C> BELONG+ TO A ,CANACCORD EXECUTIVE2 ,PHYTOPH>M HAD BE5 DO+ BUS9ESS ) ,H,L,S4 ,ALL ?IS TOOK PLACE AGA9/ A BACKDROP ( CON/ANT SMALL]-SCALE ACTIONS4 

,9 ,DECEMB] #b#f1 ,H,L,S WAS PREV5T$ FROM BE+ LI/$ ON ! ,NEW ,YORK ,/OCK ,EX*ANGE1 AN UNPREC$5T$ DEVELOPM5T ?AT RESULT$ 9 A FULL PAGE AD 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES PORTRAY+ A MASK$1 APP>5TLY LEA!R-JACKET$ C>ICATURE ( AN ACTIVI/ DECL>+ 0,I CONTROL ,WALL ,/REET40.<#d.> ,9 #b#g1 EI<T COMPANIES DROPP$ ,H,L,S1 9CLUD+ !IR TWO BIGGE/ 9VE/ORS1 ,A,X,A & ,WA*OVIA1 FOLL[+ HOME DEMON/RATIONS & ,A,L,F VISITS TO EXECUTIVES' H\SES4 ,9 #b#h1 9C5DI>Y DEVICES W]E LEFT UND] ,/APLES TRUCKS & ,/APLES \TLETS W]E V&ALIZ$4 ,AB\T #be COMPANIES ALTOGE!R HAVE DROPP$ 9 ! C\RSE ( ! CAMPAIGN1 9CLUD+ ,CITIBANK1 ! WORLD'S L>GE/ F9ANCIAL 9/ITUTION2 ,H,S,B,C1 ! WORLD'S L>GE/ BANK2 ,M>%1 ! WORLD'S L>GE/ 9SURANCE BROK]2 & ,BANK ( ,AM]ICA4 

,MA9TA9+ ,MOM5TUM 

  

,IT'S 9T]E/+ TO COMP>E ! >C ( ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN TO ?AT ( ! SO-CALL$ ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T4 ,BO? TOOK (F 9 ,BRITA9 BE=E CAT*+ ON 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,%,A,C WAS F\ND$ 9 ,5GL& ! SAME MON? AS ! HI/ORIC ,W,T,O PROTE/S 9 ,SEATTLE2 IT GOT GO+ 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA AT ! TAIL 5D ( ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION SURGE1 & MA9TA9$ MOM5TUM AFT] ! ,U,S W+ ( ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T COLLAPS$ 9 ! WAKE ( ! T]RORI/ ATTACKS ( ,SEPTEMB] #a#a1 #b#a4 

,H[ WAS ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN ABLE TO MA9TA9 MOM5TUM :ILE PRACTICALLY EV]Y O!R DIRECT ACTION-BAS$ CAMPAIGN F\ND]$ OR WAS CO-OPT$ BY LIB]ALS8 ,CAN WE D]IVE LESSONS AB\T H[ TO WEA!R CRISES FROM ITS EXAMPLE8 

,%,A,C ACTIVI/S DIFF]$ FROM P>TICIPANTS 9 MO/ O!R SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 9 ?AT !Y NEI!R P]CEIV$ !MSELVES TO NE$ POSITIVE PRESS COV]AGE NOR REG>D$ NEGATIVE PRESS COV]AGE AS A BAD ?+4 ,!IR GOAL WAS TO T]RIFY CORPORATIONS \T ( DO+ BUS9ESS ) ,H,L,S1 NOT TO W9 CONV]TS TO ! ANIMAL RI<TS MOVEM5T4 ,! MORE FE>SOME & CRAZY !Y APPE>$ 9 ! M$IA1 ! EASI] IT WAS TO 9TIMIDATE POT5TIAL 9VE/ORS & BUS9ESS P>TN]S4 ,ACTIVI/S 9 O!R CIRCLES FE>$ ?AT ! T]RORISM SC>E W\LD MAKE IT EASY = ! GOV]NM5T TO ISOLATE !M BY PORTRAY+ !M AS DANG]\S EXTREMI/S2 = ,%,A,C1 ! MORE DANG]\S & EXTREME !Y APPE>$1 ! BETT]4 

,ALL ?IS CAME BACK TO HAUNT !M 9 ! 5D1 :5 ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL ORGANIZ]S W5T TO TRIAL & IT WAS EASY = ! PROSECUTION TO FRAME !M AS REPRES5TATIVES ( A FRANKLY T]RORI/IC UND]GR\ND4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 ! GREATE/ /R5G?S ( ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN--! RELATION%IP BETWE5 PUBLIC & COV]T ORGANIZ+1 ! FE>SOME REPUTATION--ALSO PROV$ TO BE ITS ,A*ILLES HEEL4 ,! LESSON SEEMS TO BE ?AT ?IS APPROA* CAN BE EFFECTIVE ON A SMALL SCALE1 SO LONG AS ORGANIZ]S DO NOT PROVOKE A CONFRONTATION ) =CES MU* /RONG] ?AN !MSELVES4 

,9 ADDITION TO ! MATT] ( PRESS COV]AGE1 IT MAY BE 9/RUCTIVE TO LOOK AT ! WAY ,%,A,C ORGANIZ]S FRAM$ ! ISSUES4 ,%,A,C SPOKESPEOPLE NEV] BACK$ D[N FROM EMPHASIZ+ ! NECESSITY ( DIRECT ACTION = ANIMAL LIB]ATION1 EV5 :5 ! RE/ ( ! NATION WAS FIXAT$ ON ,AL ,QA$A2 ! HI/ORIC MOBILIZATION 9 ,LITTLE ,ROCK TOOK PLACE ONLY A MON? & A HALF AFT] ! ATTACKS ON ! ,WORLD ,TRADE ,C5T] & ! ,P5TAGON4 ,REG>DLESS ( :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,NEW ,YORK OR ,AF<ANI/AN1 !Y EMPHASIZ$ ?AT !RE W]E ANIMALS SUFF]+ AT ?AT V]Y MOM5T1 :O C\LD BE SP>$ IF PEOPLE TOOK A FEW CONCRETE /EPS4 ,HAD ORGANIZ]S 9 O!R CIRCLES BE5 ABLE TO MA9TA9 ?IS K9D ( FOCUS & URG5CY1 HI/ORY MI<T HAVE TAK5 A DIFF]5T TURN AT ! BEG9N+ ( ?IS DECADE4 

,IT'S POSSIBLE1 ALSO1 ?AT ) O!R =MS ( ORGANIZ+ AT A L[] EBB1 ,%,A,C PICK$ UP MORE P>TICIPANTS ?AN IT W\LD HAVE IF O!R DIRECT ACTION CAMPAIGNS HAD MA9TA9$ MOM5TUM4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO ! MASSIVE SYMBOLIC ACTIONS ( ! ANTIW> MOVEM5T1 ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN WAS A HOTB$ ( EXP]IM5TATION1 9 :I* NEW TACTICS W]E CON/ANTLY BE+ TE/$4 ,= DIRECT ACTION 5?USIA/S CONC]N$ ) MAK+ ! MO/ ( !IR EF=TS--OR SIMPLY BOR$ ) BE+ TREAT$ AS A NUMB] 9 A CR[D E/IMATE--IT MU/ HAVE BE5 S$UCTIVE BY COMP>ISON4 

,:ATEV] ! CAUSE1 ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN WAS ABLE TO MA9TA9 MOM5TUM UNTIL F$]AL REPRESSION F9ALLY BEGAN TO TAKE ITS TOLL4 ,UNLIKE MANY CAMPAIGNS1 :I* HAVE FAD$ DUE TO ATTRITION OR COOPTATION1 IT TOOK ! FULL P[] ( ! /ATE TO *ECK ITS ADVANCE4 

,REPRESSION 

  

,ALL ! ACCOMPLI%M5TS ( ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN CAME AT A PRICE4 ,! MORE BUS9ESSES DROPP$ RELATIONS ) ,H,L,S1 ! MORE ATT5TION ! CAMPAIGN ATTRACT$ FROM LAW 5=CEM5T AG5CIES & RI<T W+ ?9K TANKS4 ,%,A,C ORGANIZ]S 9 G5]AL W]E NOT AN EASILY 9TIMIDAT$ BRE$2 IT WAS COMMON = P>TICIPANTS 9 ! CAMPAIGN TO JOKE AB\T ALL ! LAWSUITS & 9JUNCTIONS !Y HAD RACK$ UP & H[ LITTLE IT MATT]$ IF !Y W]E SU$ AS !Y HAD NO MONEY ANYWAY4 

,! ,U,S & ,BRITI% GOV]NM5TS RAT*ET$ UP REPRESSION /EADILY OV] ! YE>S1 PLAC+ ACTIVI/S UND] SURVEILLANCE1 HITT+ !M ) LAWSUITS1 BLOCK+ !IR FUNDRAIS+ EF=TS1 9TIMIDAT+ ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ,P,E,T,A \T ( 9T]ACT+ ) !M1 PASS+ NEW LAWS AGA9/ DEMON/RATIONS 9 RESID5TIAL NEI<BORHOODS1 & %UTT+ D[N !IR WEBSITES4 ,?IS CULM9AT$ 9 ! ,U,S ) ! TRIAL ( ! SO-CALL$ ,%,A,C #g3 SIX ORGANIZ]S & ! ,%,A,C ,U,S,A CORPORATION ITSELF4 

,ON ,MAY #b#f1 #b#d1 ,LAUR5 ,GAZZOLA1 ,JAKE ,CONROY1 ,JO% ,H>P]1 ,KEV9 ,KJONAAS1 ,&REW ,/EPANIAN1 & ,D>IUS ,FULLM] W]E 9DICT$ ON V>I\S F$]AL *>GES = !IR ALLEG$ ROLES 9 ! CAMPAIGN4 ,TEAMS ( ,F,B,I AG5TS 9 RIOT GE> 9VAD$ !IR HOMES AT DAWN1 ?REAT5+ !M & !IR PETS ) GUNS & H&CUFF+ !IR RELATIVES4 ,! 9VE/IGATION LEAD+ UP TO ! >RE/ WAS REPORT$LY ! ,F,B,I'S L>GE/ 9VE/IGATION ( #b#c2 C\RT DOCUM5TS CONFIRM ?AT WIRETAP 9T]CEPTS 9 ! 9VE/IGATION \TNUMB]$ ! 9T]CEPT$ COMMUNICATIONS ( ?AT YE>'S SECOND L>GE/ 9VE/IGATION #e TO #a4 

,! DEF5DANTS W]E ALL *>G$ ) VIOLAT+ ! ,ANIMAL ,5T]PRISE ,PROTECTION ,ACT1 A CONTROV]SIAL LAW 9T5D$ TO PUNI% ANYONE :O DISRUPTS A CORPORATION ?AT PR(ITS FROM ANIMAL EXPLOITATION2 SOME W]E ALSO *>G$ ) 9T]/ATE /ALK+ & O!R (F5SES4 ,! DEF5DANTS W]E NEV] *>G$ ) 5GAG+ P]SONALLY 9 ANY ?REAT5+ ACTS2 ! GOV]NM5T BAS$ ITS CASE ON ! NOTION ?AT !Y %\LD BE HELD RESPONSIBLE = ALL ! ILLEGAL ACTIONS TAK5 TO FUR!R ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN1 REG>DLESS ( !IR 9VOLVEM5T4 ,!Y W]E F\ND GUILTY ON ,M>* #b1 #b#f1 S5T5C$ TO PRISON T]MS RANG+ FROM ONE TO SIX YE>S1 & ORD]$ TO PAY TREM5D\S QUANTITIES ( MONEY TO ,H,L,S4 

,! ,%,A,C #g TRIAL WAS CLE>LY 9T5D$ TO SET A PREC$5T = T>GET+ PUBLIC ORGANIZ]S ( CAMPAIGNS ?AT 9CLUDE COV]T ACTION2 ITS REP]CUSSIONS W]E FELT AS F> AWAY AS ,5GL&4 ,9 #b#e1 ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T PASS$ ! 0,S]I\S ,ORGANIZ$ ,CRIME & ,POLICE ,ACT0 SPECIFICALLY TO PROTECT ANIMAL RESE>* ORGANIZATIONS4 ,ON ,MAY #a1 #b#g1 AFT] A S]IES ( RAIDS 9VOLV+ #g POLICE (FIC]S 9 ,5GL&1 ,HOLL&1 & ,BELGIUM1 #cb PEOPLE L9K$ TO ,%,A,C W]E >RE/$1 9CLUD+ ,HEA!R ,NI*OLSON & ,GREG & ,NATA%A ,AV]Y1 AMONG ! F\ND]S ( ,%,A,C 9 ,BRITA94 ,9 ,JANU>Y #b#i1 SEV5 ( !M W]E S5T5C$ TO PRISON T]MS BETWE5 F\R & ELEV5 YE>S4 

,! ,FUTURE ( ,%,A,C 

  

,DESPITE ALL !SE SETBACKS1 ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN CONT9UES TO ?IS DAY1 ?\< IT FACES S]I\S *ALL5GES 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,SOME REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS >E /ILL ACTIVE1 & AUTONOM\S ACTIONS CONT9UE TO OCCUR1 BUT !RE IS NO NATIONWIDE ORGANIZ+ BODY1 NO NEWSLETT]1 NO RELIABLE WEBSITE TO PUBLICIZE T>GETS & ACTION REPORTS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 !RE IS LESS /RATEGIC T>GET+1 LESS \TREA* & NETWORK+1 & A LACK ( NATIONAL EV5TS4 ,! UPSIDE IS ?AT IT HAS BECOME MORE DIFFICULT = COMPANIES TO FIGURE \T :O TO SUBPO5A OR SEEK 9JUNCTIONS AGA9/--BUT ?AT'S A N>R[ SILV] L9+4 

,?IS D[NTURN CAN BE ATTRIBUT$ TO GOV]NM5T REPRESSION 9 G5]AL & ! ,%,A,C #g TRIAL SPECIFICALLY4 ,FE> ( LEGAL REP]CUSSIONS HAS 9CREAS$ AT ! SAME TIME AS KEY ORGANIZ]S HAVE BE5 TAK5 \T ( ACTION4 ,) NEW LOCAL LAWS PROHIBIT+ RESID5TIAL PICKET+1 & ! ,ANIMAL ,5T]PRISE ,T]RORISM ,ACT ( #bf MAK+ 9T]/ATE T]TI>Y T>GET+ ILLEGAL1 MANY TACTICS ?AT ONCE 9VOLV$ LITTLE RISK >E NO LONG] FEASIBLE4 ,N[ ?AT MORE PUBLIC =MS ( ORGANIZ+ >E BE+ MORE AGGRESSIVELY PUNI%$1 IT SEEMS POSSIBLE ?AT ! NEXT G5]ATION ( ANIMAL LIB]ATION ACTIVI/S WILL FOCUS MORE ON CL&E/9E TACTICS4 ,ONE ( ! /RONGE/ FEATURES ( ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN WAS ! COMB9ATION ( PUBLIC & CL&E/9E APPROA*ES1 SO ?IS IS NOT NECESS>ILY GOOD NEWS = ! MOVEM5T4 

,IT'S ACTUALLY QUITE SURPRIS+ ?AT ,H,L,S IS /ILL 9 EXI/5CE2 HALF A DECADE AGO1 ,%,A,C ORGANIZ]S MU/ HAVE BE5 BANK+ ON ALREADY HAV+ WON BY ?IS PO9T4 ,:5 ,/EPH5S1 ,9C4 DIVE/$1 !IR LOANS W]E ALL ?AT KEPT ,H,L,S RUNN+2 IT WAS ONLY ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T 9T]V5+ AGA9 ?AT 5ABL$ ,H,L,S TO NEGOTIATE A REF9ANC+ & CONT9UE4 ,ESS5TIALLY1 ,%,A,C DID W91 ONLY TO HAVE ITS VICTORY /OL5 AWAY4 ,! SAME SITUATION RECURR$ :5 ,%,A,C =C$ ,M>% ,9C4 TO BREAK (F TIES1 & ,H,L,S WAS FAC$ ) ! PROSPECT ( OP]AT+ )\T ! 9SURANCE M&AT$ BY LAW4 ,AGA91 ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T 9T]V5$1 & ,H,L,S WAS GIV5 UNPREC$5T$ COV]AGE BY ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,TRADE & ,9DU/RY4 ,)\T ?IS PROTECTION FROM ! V]Y P9NACLE ( P[]1 ,H,L,S W\LD BE LONG GONE--BUT ?AT'S PRECISELY :Y GOV]NM5TS EXI/3 TO PROTECT CORPORATIONS & PRES]VE ! SMOO? FUNCTION+ ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,P]HAPS IT WAS NAIVE TO BELIEVE ?AT ! GOV]NM5TS ( ,BRITA9 & ! ,U,S,A W\LD P]MIT EV5 ! FI]CE/ ANIMAL LIB]ATION CAMPAIGN TO RUN AN 9FLU5TIAL CORPORATION \T ( BUS9ESS4 

,ONE CAN'T FI<T LIKE !RE'S NO TOMORR[ 9DEF9ITELY1 & ! REPEAT$ RETURN ( ,H,L,S FROM ! DEAD MU/ HAVE BE5 MADD5+ = LONG-T]M ,%,A,C ORGANIZ]S :O /AK$ EV]Y?+ AGA9 & AGA9 ON ONE F9AL PU%4 ,P>TICIPANTS DISAGREE AS TO H[ SIGNIFICANT A FACTOR BURN\T HAS BE51 BUT IT W\LD BE FOOLI% TO RULE IT \T4 ,! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN HAS BE5 ORI5T$ T[>DS FULL-TIME ACTIVISM FROM ! BEG9N+1 ! M9DSET BE+ ?AT1 AS ,H,L,S EMPLOYES WORK FULL TIME1 !IR OPPON5TS MU/ WORK AT LEA/ ?AT H>D4 ,NEWSLETT] >TICLES SU* AS ! 0,%,A,CTIVI/ WORK\T R\T9E0 9DICATE A HI<-PRESSURE APPROA* ?AT PROBABLY CORRELATES ) A HI< RATE ( BURN\T4 ,9 ANY CASE1 AS DIFFICULT AS IT MAY BE TO DI/+UI% ! EFFECTS ( BURN\T FROM ?OSE ( FE>1 MANY ACTIVI/S HAVE 9DE$ DROPP$ \T ( ,%,A,C )\T MOV+ ON TO O!R CAMPAIGNS4 

,%,A,C IS CURR5TLY ACTIVE 9 MA9L& ,EUROPE & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 & UNREL5T+ 9 ,BRITA94 ,! ,BRITI% ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN MAY (F] A BETT] MODEL = H[ TO H&LE F$]AL REPRESSION2 FROM ?IS VANTAGE PO9T1 IT APPE>S ?AT ,BRITI% ACTIVI/S W]E PREP>$ 9 ADVANCE = IT1 HAD PEOPLE READY TO TAKE OV] = C5TRAL ORGANIZ]S1 & W]E MORE OP5 TO NEW PEOPLE GETT+ 9VOLV$4 ,BUT ,BRITA9 IS MORE D5SELY POPULAT$ ?AN MU* ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & HAS A RI*] HI/ORY ( ANIMAL RI<TS ORGANIZ+1 SO IT IS UNFAIR TO COMP>E ! TWO CAMPAIGNS TOO CLOSELY4 

,WILL ,%,A,C ULTIMATELY SUCCE$ 9 %UTT+ D[N ,H,L,S8 ,IT'S /ILL POSSIBLE1 ?\< IT LOOKS LESS LIKELY ?AN IT DID A FEW YE>S AGO4 ,SOME /ILL FEEL ?AT ! MO/ IMPORTANT ?+ IS TO CLOSE ,H,L,S AT ALL CO/S1 TO W9 AN HI/ORIC VICTORY ?AT WILL 9SPIRE ACTIVI/S & T]RIFY EXECUTIVES = DECADES TO COME4 ,O!RS ?9K ?AT1 :E!R OR NOT ,H,L,S %UTS D[N1 ,%,A,C HAS S]V$ ITS PURPOSE1 DEMON/RAT+ ! /R5G?S & LIMITATIONS ( A NEW MODEL = ANTICAPITALI/ ORGANIZ+4 

,HALLM>KS ( ! ,%,A,C ,MODEL 

  

,:5 PEOPLE ?9K ( ,%,A,C1 !Y PICTURE DEMON/RATIONS AT ! HOMES ( EMPLOYES & 9VE/ORS2 SOME AN>*I/S MEAN NO?+ MORE ?AN ?IS :5 !Y REF] TO ! 0,%,A,C MODEL40 ,BUT HOME DEMON/RATIONS >E M]ELY 9CID5TAL TO ! =MULA ?AT HAS 5ABL$ ,%,A,C TO WREAK SU* HAVOC UPON ,H,L,S4 ,TO UND]/& :AT MADE ! CAMPAIGN EFFECTIVE1 WE HAVE TO LOOK AT ALL ITS ESS5TIAL *>ACT]I/ICS TOGE!R4 

O ,SECOND>Y & T]TI>Y T>GET+3.<#e.> ,! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN SET AB\T DEPRIV+ ,H,L,S ( ITS SUPPORT /RUCTURE4 ,JU/ AS A LIV+ ORGANISM DEP5DS ON AN 5TIRE ECOSY/EM = ! RES\RCES & RELATION%IPS IT NE$S TO SURVIVE1 A CORPORATION CANNOT FUNCTION )\T 9VE/ORS & BUS9ESS P>TN]S4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 MORE SO ?AN ANY /&>D BOYCOTT1 PROP]TY DE/RUCTION1 OR PUBLICITY CAMPAIGN1 ,%,A,C CONFRONT$ ,H,L,S ON ! T]MS MO/ ?REAT5+ TO A CORPORATION4 ,/>BUCKS C\LD EASILY AF=D A ?\S& TIMES ! CO/ ( ! W9D[S SMA%$ BY ! BLACK BLOC DUR+ ! ,SEATTLE ,W,T,O PROTE/S1 BUT IF NO ONE W\LD REPLACE ?OSE W9D[S--OR ! W9D[S HAD BE5 BROK5 AT ! H\SES ( 9VE/ORS1 SO NO ONE W\LD 9VE/ 9 ! CORPORATION--IT W\LD BE ANO!R /ORY4 ,%,A,C ORGANIZ]S MADE A PO9T ( LE>N+ ! 9N] WORK+S ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 SO !Y C\LD /RIKE MO/ /RATEGICALLY4 

,SECOND>Y & T]TI>Y T>GET+ WORKS BECAUSE ! T>GETS DO NOT HAVE A VE/$ 9T]E/ 9 CONT9U+ !IR 9VOLVEM5T ) ! PRIM>Y T>GET4 ,!RE >E O!R PLACES !Y CAN TAKE !IR BUS9ESS1 & !Y HAVE NO REASON NOT TO DO SO4 ,?IS IS A VITAL ASPECT ( ! ,%,A,C MODEL4 ,IF A BUS9ESS IS CORN]$1 !Y'LL FI<T TO ! DEA?1 & NO?+ WILL MATT] 9 ! CONFLICT EXCEPT ! PURE =CE EA* P>TY IS ABLE TO BR+ TO BE> ON ! O!R2 ?IS IS NOT G5]ALLY TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ACTIVI/S1 AS CORPORATIONS CAN BR+ 9 ! POLICE & GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS IS :Y1 AP>T FROM ! AX H&LE 9CID5T1 SO FEW EF=TS 9 ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN HAVE BE5 DIRECT$ AT ,H,L,S ITSELF4 ,SOME:]E BETWE5 ! PRIM>Y T>GET & ! ASSOCIAT$ CORPORATIONS ?AT PROVIDE ITS SUPPORT /RUCTURE1 !RE APPE>S TO BE A FULCRUM :]E ACTION IS MO/ EFFECTIVE4 ,IT MI<T SEEM /RANGE TO GO AFT] T]TI>Y T>GETS ?AT HAVE NO CONNECTION TO ! PRIM>Y T>GET !MSELVES1 BUT C\NTLESS ,H,L,S CU/OM]S HAVE DROPP$ RELATIONS AFT] A CLI5T ( !IRS WAS EMB>RASS$4 

O ,COMPLEM5T>Y RELATION%IP BETWE5 PUBLIC & UND]GR\ND ORGANIZ+3 ,MORE ?AN ANY O!R DIRECT ACTION CAMPAIGN 9 REC5T HI/ORY1 ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN A*IEV$ A P]FECT SYMBIOSIS ( PUBLIC ORGANIZ+ & UND]GR\ND ACTION4 ,TO ?IS 5D1 ! CAMPAIGN WAS *>ACT]IZ$ BY AN EXTREMELY SAVVY USE ( TE*NOLOGY & MOD]N NETWORK+4 ,! ,%,A,C WEBSITES DISSEM9AT$ 9=MATION AB\T T>GETS & PROVID$ A =UM = ACTION REPORTS TO RAISE MORALE & EXPECTATIONS1 5ABL+ ANYONE SYMPA!TIC TO ! GOALS ( ! CAMPAIGN TO PLAY A P>T )\T DRAW+ ATT5TION TO !MSELVES4 

O ,DIV]SITY ( TACTICS3 ,RA!R ?AN PITT+ EXPON5TS ( DIFF]5T TACTICS AGA9/ EA* O!R1 ,%,A,C 9TEGRAT$ ALL POSSIBLE TACTICS 9TO ONE CAMPAIGN1 9 :I* EA* APPROA* COMPLEM5T$ ! O!RS4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT P>TICIPANTS C\LD *OOSE FROM A PRACTICALLY LIMITLESS >RAY ( OPTIONS1 :I* OP5$ ! CAMPAIGN TO A WIDE RANGE ( PEOPLE & AV]T$ NE$LESS CONFLICTS4 

O ,CONCRETE T>GETS1 CONCRETE MOTIVATIONS3 ,! FACT ?AT !RE W]E SPECIFIC ANIMALS SUFF]+1 :OSE LIVES C\LD BE SAV$ BY SPECIFIC DIRECT ACTION1 MADE ! ISSUES CONCRETE & L5T ! CAMPAIGN A S5SE ( URG5CY ?AT TRANSLAT$ 9TO A WILL+NESS ON ! P>T ( P>TICIPANTS TO PU% !MSELVES \T ( !IR COM=T ZONES4 ,LIKEWISE1 AT EV]Y JUNCTURE 9 ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN1 !RE W]E 9T]M$IATE GOALS ?AT C\LD EASILY BE ACCOMPLI%$1 SO ! MONUM5TAL TASK ( UND]M9+ AN 5TIRE CORPORATION NEV] FELT OV]:ELM+4 

,?IS CONTRA/S %>PLY ) ! WAY MOM5TUM 9 C]TA9 GRE5 AN>*I/ CIRCLES DI$ (F AFT] ! TURN ( ! C5TURY1 :5 ! GOALS & T>GETS BECAME TOO EXPANSIVE & AB/RACT4 ,IT HAD BE5 EASY = 9DIVIDUALS TO MOTIVATE !MSELVES TO DEF5D SPECIFIC TREES & NATURAL >EAS1 BUT ONCE ! PO9T = SOME P>TICIPANTS WAS TO 0DE/ROY CIVILIZATION0 & EV]Y?+ LESS WAS M]E RE=MISM1 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO WORK \T :AT CON/ITUT$ MEAN+FUL ACTION4 

,ADVANTAGES ( ! ,%,A,C ,MODEL 

  

,:5 ! MODEL PIONE]$ BY ,%,A,C IS APPLI$ CORRECTLY1 ITS ADVANTAGES >E OBVI\S4 ,IT HITS CORPORATIONS :]E !Y >E MO/ VULN]ABLE3 CORPORATIONS DO NOT DO :AT !Y DO BECAUSE ( E?ICAL COMMITM5TS OR 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 A C]TA9 PUBLIC IMAGE1 BUT 9 S+LE-M9D$ PURSUIT ( PR(IT1 & ! ,%,A,C MODEL FOCUSES EXCLUSIVELY ON MAK+ CORPORATE WRONGDO+S UNPR(ITABLE4 ,9 T]MS ( BUILD+ & MA9TA9+ A LONG-RUNN+ DIRECT ACTION CAMPAIGN1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL (F]S DIRECTION & MOTIVATION = P>TICIPANTS1 PROVID+ A FRAMEWORK = CONCRETE RA!R ?AN SYMBOLIC ACTIONS4 ,! ,%,A,C MODEL SIDE/EPS CONFLICTS OV] TACTICS1 (F]+ ! OPPORTUNITY = ACTIVI/S ( A RANGE ( ABILITIES & COM=T LEVELS TO WORK TOGE!R4 ,9 E/ABLI%+ A WIDE >RAY ( T>GETS1 IT GIVES ACTIVI/S ! OPPORTUNITY TO PICK ! TIME1 PLACE1 & *>ACT] ( !IR ACTIONS1 RA!R ?AN CON/ANTLY REACT+ TO !IR OPPON5TS4 ,ABOVE ALL1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL IS EFFICI5T3 ,%,A,C ,U,S,A HAS NEV] HAD MORE ?AN A FEW HUNDR$ ACTIVE P>TICIPANTS AT ANY GIV5 TIME4 

,9 CONTRA/ TO MO/ CURR5T ORGANIZ+ /RATEGIES1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL IS AN (F5SIVE APPROA*4 ,IT (F]S A MEANS ( ATTACK+ & DEFEAT+ E/ABLI%$ CAPITALI/ PROJECTS--( TAK+ ! 9ITIATIVE RA!R ?AN SIMPLY RESPOND+ TO ! ADVANCE ( CORPORATE P[]4 ,%,A,C DID NOT SET \T TO BLOCK ! CON/RUCTION ( A NEW ANIMAL TE/+ FACILITY OR ! PASSAGE ( NEW LEGISLATION1 BUT TO DEFEAT & DE/ROY AN ANIMAL TE/+ CORPORATION ?AT HAD EXI/$ = DECADES4 

,! ,%,A,C MODEL DEM&S & FO/]S A CULTURE ?AT NOT ONLY CELEBRATES DIRECT ACTION BUT CON/ANTLY 5GAGES 9 IT1 5C\RAG+ P>TICIPANTS TO PU% !IR [N LIMITS4 ,?IS CONTRA/S %>PLY ) C]TA9 SO-CALL$ 9SURRECTIONI/ CIRCLES1 9 :I* AN>*I/S TALK A LOT AB\T RIOT+ & RESI/ANCE )\T 5GAG+ 9 DAY-TO-DAY CONFRONTATIONS ) ! P[]S ?AT BE4 ,ANTI-GLOBALIZATION ACTIVI/S 9 ,*ICAGO SOMETIMES ASK$ ,%,A,C ORGANIZ]S TO LEAD *ANTS AT !IR PROTE/S1 AS ! LATT] HAD A REPUTATION = BE+ BOI/]\S & 5]GETIC3 ?OSE :O CUT !IR TEE? 9 ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN1 IF !Y HAVE NOT DROPP$ \T ( DIRECT ACTION ORGANIZ+ 5TIRELY1 >E EQUIPP$ TO BE EFFECTIVE 9 A WIDE RANGE ( CONTEXTS4 

,A SUBTL] /R5G? ( ! ,%,A,C APPROA* IS ?AT IT DRAWS ON CLASS T5SIONS ?AT >E USUALLY SUBM]G$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,ACTIVI/S FROM L[] MIDDLE- & WORK+-CLASS BACKGR\NDS CAN F9D IT GRATIFY+ TO CONFRONT WEAL?Y EXECUTIVES ON !IR [N TURF4 ,?IS ALSO EXPOSES S+LE-ISSUE ACTIVI/S TO ! 9T]CONNECTIONS ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,9 VISIT+ ! H\SES ( EXECUTIVES1 ONE DISCOV]S ?AT ALL ! PH>MACEUTICAL & 9VE/M5T CORPORATIONS >E 9T]TW9$3 !Y ALL [N %>ES ( EA* O!R'S COMPANIES1 SIT ON EA* O!R'S BO>DS1 & LIVE 9 ID5TICAL SUBURBAN MANSIONS 9 SPRAWL+ GAT$ COMMUNITIES4 

,F9ALLY1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL TOOK ADVANTAGE ( OPPORTUNITIES (F]$ BY L>G] EV5TS & COMMUNITIES4 ,HOME DEMON/RATIONS W]E (T5 ORGANIZ$ TO TAKE PLACE AFT] A CONF]5CE OR %[2 ! UBIQUITY ( POT5TIAL T>GETS MEANT !RE WAS ALWAYS ONE CLOSE AT H&4 ,= SEV]AL YE>S RUNN+1 ,%,A,C DEMON/RATIONS TOOK PLACE DUR+ ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF]5CE ON ,ORGANIZ$ ,RESI/ANCE 9 ,WA%+TON1 ,D,C1 & !Y ALSO OCCURR$ FOLL[+ ANTI-BIOTE* PROTE/S 9 ,PHILADELPHIA & ,*ICAGO4 ,?\< !SE SOMETIMES PROVOK$ CONFLICTS ) O!R ORGANIZ]S1 IT ONLY TAKES A C\PLE DOZ5 PEOPLE TO MAKE AN EFFECTIVE HOME DEMON/RATION1 SO IT WAS ALWAYS EASY TO PULL ONE TOGE!R4 

,%,A,C ITSELF T5D$ TO CREATE & PROPAGATE A SUBCULTURE ( ITS [N1 COMPLETE ) 9T]NAL REF]5CE PO9TS & RITUALS4 ,AT CONF]5CES & MAJOR MOBILIZATIONS ACTIVI/S COMP>$ NOTES AB\T 9VE/ORS1 LOCAL CAMPAIGNS1 & LEGAL TR\BLES4 ,SYMPA!TIC MUSIC SC5ES HELP$ FUND ORGANIZ+ & 9TRODUC$ NEW BLOOD TO ! CAMPAIGN4 ,IT W\LD BE DIFFICULT TO IMAG9E ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN 9 ! ,U,S,A )\T ! H>DCORE SC5E ( ! PA/ TWO DECADES1 :I* HAS CONSI/5TLY S]V$ AS A SOCIAL BASE = ! MILITANT ANIMAL RI<TS MOVEM5T4 ,!RE >E C]TA9LY DRAWBACKS TO ID5TIFY+ A CAMPAIGN TOO CLOSELY ) A SPECIFIC Y\?-ORI5T$ SUBCULTURE1 BUT IT IS BETT] TO DRAW P>TICIPANTS & MOM5TUM FROM AT LEA/ ONE COMMUNITY ?AN FROM NONE AT ALL4 

,SPURI\S ,*>GES 

  

,SOME AN>*I/S HAVE ?\<TLESSLY *>G$ ,%,A,C ) RE=MISM4 ,?IS IS ABSURD3 ,%,A,C'S GOAL IS NOT TO *ANGE ! WAY ,H,L,S CONDUCTS ITSELF1 BUT TO %UT IT D[N4 ,IT IS MORE PRECISE TO DESCRIBE ,%,A,C AS AN ABOLITIONI/ CAMPAIGN3 NOT BE+ ABLE TO BR+ AB\T ! 5D ( ANIMAL EXPLOITATION 9 ONE FELL BL[1 IT SEEKS TO ACCOMPLI% ! MO/ AMBITI\S BUT FEASIBLE /EP T[>D ?AT 5D4 ,SIMIL>LY1 C]TA9 IDLE CRITICS D]IDE ANIMAL LIB]ATION EF=TS ON ! GR\NDS ?AT !Y >E 0ACTIVISM10 ) ! IMPLICATION ?AT ?IS IS A BAD ?+ 9 & ( ITSELF4 ,?OSE :O ADOPT ?IS POSITION %\LD GO AHEAD & ACKN[L$GE ?AT !Y >E UNMOV$ BY ! OPPRESSION ( !IR FELL[ LIV+ CREATURES & SEE NO VALUE 9 ATTEMPT+ TO PUT AN 5D TO IT--?AT IS TO SAY1 !Y >E H>DLY AN>*I/S4 

,DRAWBACKS & ,LIMITATIONS 

  

,SPURI\S CRITIQUES ASIDE1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL HAS SOME REAL LIMITATIONS1 :I* DES]VE EXAM9ATION4 

,FIR/1 !RE >E C]TA9 PR]EQUISITES )\T :I* IT WILL FAIL4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL CANNOT SUCCE$ \TSIDE A SETT+ 9 :I* DIRECT ACTION IS REGUL>LY APPLI$4 ,ALL ! /RATEGIC ?9K+ 9 ! WORLD IS WOR?LESS IF NO ONE IS ACTUALLY WILL+ TO ACT4 ,9 ! MILITANT ANIMAL RI<TS MILIEU1 ! ISSUES AT /AKE >E FELT TO BE CONCRETE & POIGNANT 5\< ?AT P>TICIPANTS >E MOTIVAT$ TO TAKE RISKS ON A REGUL> BASIS2 )\T ?IS MOTIVATION1 ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN W\LD NOT HAVE GOTT5 (F ! GR\ND4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL IS P[]LESS AGA9/ A T>GET ?AT DOES NOT DEP5D ON SECOND>Y & T]TI>Y T>GETS1 OR HAS AN 5DLESS SUPPLY ( !M TO *OOSE FROM4 ,ABOVE ALL1 ! SECOND>Y & T]TI>Y T>GETS MU/ HAVE SOME:]E ELSE TO TAKE !IR BUS9ESS--! ,%,A,C MODEL RELIES ON ! RE/ ( ! CAPITALI/ M>KET TO (F] BETT] OPTIONS4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 :ILE IT IS NOT RE=MI/1 NEI!R DOES IT PROVIDE A /RATEGY = TAK+ ON CAPITALISM ITSELF4 

,SECONDLY1 AS EFFECTIVE AS !Y MI<T BE 9 PURELY ECONOMIC T]MS1 SECOND>Y & T]TI>Y T>GET+ LOCATE ! SITE ( CONFRONTATION F> FROM ! CAUSE = :I* ! P>TICIPANTS >E FI<T+4 ,G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 ! MORE AB/RACT ! OBJECT ( A CAMPAIGN FEELS1 ! WORSE = MORALE4 ,MU* ( ! VITALITY ( ECO-DEF5SE /RUGGLES 9 ! #a#i#hS & '#iS CAME FROM ! IMM$IATE1 VISC]AL CONNECTION =E/ DEF5D]S EXP]I5C$ ) ! L& !Y W]E OCCUPY+2 :5 5VIRONM5TAL ACTIVISM BEGAN %IFT+ TO MORE URBAN T]RA9 A DECADE AGO1 IT LO/ SOME ( ITS IMPETUS4 ,IT IS P]HAPS SPECIFIC TO ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN ?AT P>TICIPANTS HAVE BE5 ABLE TO MA9TA9 !IR \TRAGE & AUDACITY SO F> FROM ! OBJECT ( !IR CONC]N2 IT IS RISKY TO ASSUME ?IS WILL ALWAYS OCCUR 9 O!R CONTEXTS4 

,AP>T FROM !SE *ALL5GES1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL MAY BE 9EFFECTIVE PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ITS EFFECTIV5ESS4 ,IS IT REALI/IC TO SET \T TO %UT D[N P[]FUL CORPORATIONS1 OR WILL ! GOV]NM5T ALWAYS 9T]C$E8 ,IT MAY BE ?AT 9 POS+ A ?REAT TO CORPORATIONS 9 ! ECONOMIC T]MS !Y TAKE MO/ S]I\SLY1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL PICKS A FI<T IT CANNOT W94 ,ONCE ! GOV]NM5T IS 9VOLV$ 9 A CONFLICT1 IT TAKES MORE ?AN A TI<T NETWORK ( MILITANTS TO W9--IT TAKES AN 5TIRE L>GE-SCALE SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 & ! ,%,A,C APPROA* ALONE CANNOT GIVE RISE TO SU* A ?+4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL'S GREATE/ /R5G? IS ALSO A FATAL FLAW4 

,TIME WILL TELL IF ,H,L,S WAS TOO AMBITI\S A T>GET2 ! CORPORATION MI<T /ILL COLLAPSE4 ,EV5 SO1 IT W\LD PROBABLY BE WISE = ! NEXT ONES :O EXP]IM5T ) ! MODEL TO SET SMALL] GOALS1 RA!R ?AN EV5 MORE AMBITI\S ONES1 S9CE ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN ITSELF HAS YET TO SUCCE$4 ,P]HAPS SOME UNEXPLOR$ MIDDLE GR\ND AWAITS BETWE5 %UTT+ D[N 9DIVIDUAL FUR /ORES & ATTEMPT+ TO CLOSE ,EUROPE'S L>GE/ ANIMAL TE/+ CORPORATION4 

,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT ! ,%,A,C MODEL IS USELESS IF IT DOES NOT RESULT 9 ! CLOSURE ( ! T>GET4 ,SOMETIMES IT IS WOR? FI<T+ A LOS+ BATTLE SO AS TO DISC\RAGE AN OPPON5T FROM />T+ ANO!R BATTLE2 O!R TIMES1 EV5 9 LOS+ ONE CAN GA9 VALUABLE EXP]I5CE & ALLIES4 ,IRONICALLY1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL MAY BE MORE EFFECTIVE = RECRUIT+ PEOPLE TO DIRECT ACTION ORGANIZ+ ?AN = ITS PR(ESS$ GOAL--PRECISELY BECAUSE1 9 BYPASS+ RECRUITM5T TO FOCUS ON O!R GOALS1 IT ATTRACTS P>TICIPANTS :O >E S]I\S & COMMITT$4 

,BUT IF ! PO9T IS TO BR+ MORE PEOPLE 9TO DIRECT ACTION ORGANIZ+ RA!R ?AN SIMPLY TO %UT D[N A S+LE CORPORATION1 !RE >E SIGNIFICANT DRAWBACKS TO ! ,%,A,C MODEL1 TOO--= EXAMPLE1 ! HI< /RESS LEVELS & LIKELIHOOD ( BURN\T4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 IT IS NOT NECESS>ILY AN ADVANTAGE ?AT ! ,%,A,C MODEL TEA*ES ACTIVI/S TO ?9K 9 ! SAME T]MS AS CAPITALI/ ECONOMI/S--EFFICI5CY1 F9ANCES1 *A9 ( COMM&--RA!R ?AN PRIORITIZ+ ! SOCIAL SKILLS NECESS>Y TO BUILD LONG-T]M COMMUNITIES ( RESI/ANCE4 

,LIKEWISE1 9 FOCUS+ ON SECOND>Y & T]TI>Y T>GET+1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL EMPHASIZES & REW>DS AN AGGRESSIVE ATTITUDE ?AT IS LESS ADVANTAGE\S 9 O!R SITUATIONS4 ,:AT >E ! LONG-T]M PSY*OLOGICAL EFFECTS ON ORGANIZ]S :O SP5D HALF A DECADE OR MORE SCREAM+ OV] A BULLHORN AT EMPLOYES 9 !IR HOMES8 ,:AT K9D ( PEOPLE >E DRAWN TO A CAMPAIGN ?AT CONSI/S PRIM>ILY ( MAK+ O!R PEOPLE MIS]ABLE8 ,IT CANNOT GO UNSAID ?AT SOME AN>*I/S HAVE REPORT$ FRU/RAT+ 9T]ACTIONS ) ,%,A,C ORGANIZ]S4 

,CONSID]+ ! MODEL FROM AN AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE--TO :AT EXT5T DOES ! ,%,A,C APPROA* T5D TO CONSOLIDATE OR UND]M9E HI]>*IES8 ,! SECURE ORGANIZ+ NECESS>Y = CL&E/9E DIRECT ACTION CAN PROMOTE A CLIQUI%NESS ?AN 9T5SIFIES AS REPRESSION 9CREASES1 ?US PREV5T+ A CAMPAIGN FROM DRAW+ 9 NEW P>TICIPATION :5 IT NE$S IT MO/4 ,9=MAL HI]>*IES PLAGUE ORGANIZ+ ( ALL K9DS2 9 ! CASE ( ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN1 ?OSE :O DO ! RESE>* (T5 HAVE DISPROPORTIONATE 9FLU5CE OV] ! DIRECTION ( A CAMPAIGN & 5D UP MAK+ JUDGM5T CALLS ) F>-REA*+ EFFECTS4 

,IT C\LD BE >GU$ ?AT ! S+LE-ISSUE FOCUS & GOAL-ORI5T$ NATURE ( ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN DEPRIORITIZES ADDRESS+ =MS ( HI]>*Y O!R ?AN ! OPPRESSION ( ANIMALS4 ,IT IS NO SECRET ?AT SOME ,%,A,C ORGANIZ+ GR\PS HAVE BE5 WRACK$ BY CONFLICTS OV] G5D] DYNAMICS.<#f.> & SOME P>TICIPANTS HAVE NOT ALWAYS BE5 HELD ACC\NTABLE = !IR BEHAVIOR4 ,9 A CAMPAIGN ?AT EMPHASIZES VICTORY ABOVE ALL ELSE1 ?IS %\LD NOT BE SURPRIS+--IF ! MO/ IMPORTANT ?+ IS TO W91 IT'S EASY TO PUT (F ADDRESS+ 9T]NAL CONFLICTS1 ESPECIALLY ) ! ADD$ /RESS ( F$]AL REPRESSION4 ,9EVITABLY1 ! PEOPLE :O HAVE BAD EXP]I5CES DROP \T ( ! CAMPAIGN1 TAK+ ) !M ! CRITICISM O!RS NE$ TO HE>4 

,!SE QUE/IONABLE PRIORITIES HAVE ALSO MANIFE/$ !MSELVES 9 C]TA9 TA/ELESS TACTICS4 ,9 ONE 9/ANCE1 A T>GET :O WAS /RUGGL+ TO ESCAPE ALCOHOLISM RECEIV$ A CAN ( BE] ) A NA/Y NOTE2 9 ANO!R1 A WOMAN'S UND]WE> WAS /OL5 & REPORT$LY PUT UP = SALE4 ,UTILIZ+ ! P[] IMBALANCES ( PATRI>*AL SOCIETY TO T>GET ACCOMPLICES 9 ! OPPRESSION ( ANIMALS H>DLY SETS AN EXAMPLE ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALL =MS ( DOM9ATION4 

,!RE >E O!R E?ICAL QUE/IONS AB\T SECOND>Y & T]TI>Y T>GET+4 ,IS IT ACCEPTABLE TO RISK FRI<T5+ OR 9JUR+ SECRET>IES1 *ILDR51 & O!R UN9VOLV$ P>TIES8 ,:AT DI/+UI%ES AN>*I/S FROM GOV]NM5TS & O!R T]RORI/S1 IF NOT ! REFUSAL TO C\NT5ANCE COLLAT]AL DAMAGE8 

,9 ESS5CE1 ! ,%,A,C MODEL IS A BLUEPR9T = A CAMPAIGN ( CO]CION1 TO BE US$ 9 SITUATIONS 9 :I* !RE IS NO O!R POSSIBLE ACC\NTABILITY PROCESS4 ,?IS DOES NOT CONFLICT ) AN>*I/ VALUES--:5 AN OPPRESSOR REFUSES TO BE ACC\NTABLE = HIS ACTIONS1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO COMPEL HIM TO /OP1 & ?IS EXT5DS TO ?OSE :O AID & ABET HIM AS WELL4 ,BUT T>GET+ PEOPLE :O >E NOT !MSELVES 9VOLV$ 9 OPPRESSION MUDDIES ! WAT]S4 ,:5 AN ORGANIZ] PUBLICIZES A T>GET1 !RE IS NO TELL+ :AT ACTIONS O!RS WILL C>RY \T4 ,P]HAPS ! VALUE ( 5D+ ANIMAL EXPLOITATION \TWEI<S !SE RISKS & CO/S1 BUT AN>*I/S %\LD NOT GET TOO COM=TABLE MAK+ SU* RATIONALIZATIONS4 

,O!R ,APPLICATIONS ( ! ,%,A,C ,MODEL 

  

,!RE HAS BE5 MU* TALK ( APPLY+ ! ,%,A,C MODEL 9 O!R CONTEXTS1 BUT FEW SU* EF=TS HAVE PRODUC$ ANY?+ COMP>ABLE TO ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN4 ,?IS BE>S SOME REFLECTION4 ,IT'S WOR? PO9T+ \T ?AT SOME ( ! HYPE AB\T ! F>-REA*+ APPLICABILITY ( ! ,%,A,C MODEL HAS COME /RAI<T FROM ,H,L,S1 & SO %\LD BE TAK5 ) A GRA9 ( SALT4 ,H,L,S IS NOT 9T]E/$ 9 PROMOT+ EFFECTIVE NEW DIRECT ACTION ME?ODS1 BUT RA!R 9 CREAT+ 5\< ( A SC>E ?AT O!R MEMB]S ( ! RUL+ CLASS WILL COME TO !IR ASSI/ANCE2 IT FOLL[S ?AT EV5 IF !Y CLAIM ?AT ,%,A,C TACTICS CAN BE US$ EFFECTIVELY AGA9/ ANY T>GET1 ?IS IS NOT NECESS>ILY ! CASE4 ,! SAME GOES = S5SATIONALI/ ANALYZES BY ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ,/RAT=1 :OSE PRIM>Y GOAL SEEMS TO BE T]RORIZ+ ! PUBLIC 9TO FEEL+ A NE$ = !IR 09TELLIG5CE40 

,IT MAY BE ?AT1 BECAUSE ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN MA9TA9$ MOM5TUM :ILE O!R =MS ( ORGANIZ+ DROPP$ (F1 IT HAS EX]T$ A DISPROPORTIONATE 9FLU5CE UPON ! IMAG9ATIONS ( CURR5T AN>*I/S1 TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT MANY N[ T5D TO IMITATE ! ,%,A,C MODEL 9 !IR ORGANIZ+ EV5 :5 IT IS NOT /RATEGICALLY EFFECTIVE4 ,FAILURES CAN BE MORE 9/RUCTIVE ?AN SUCCESSES2 UN=TUNATELY1 AS !Y >E MORE READILY =GOTT51 !Y >E (T5 REPEAT$ OV] & OV]4 ,= ?IS REASON1 ANY CONSID]ATION ( ! ,%,A,C MODEL %\LD BEG9 ) ! EXAMPLE ( ,ROOT ,=CE4 

,ROOT ,=CE >OSE \T ( ,E>? ,FIR/6 CIRCLES A C\PLE YE>S AGO ) ! 9T5TION ( PROMOT+ A ,%,A,C-/YLE CAMPAIGN T>GET+ ! 9FRA/RUCTURE ( GLOBAL CAPITALISM--AN EXPON5TIALLY MORE AMBITI\S GOAL ?AN %UTT+ D[N ,H,L,S4 ,! ORGANIZ]S RESE>*$ ! CORPORATIONS 9VOLV$ 9 PIVOTAL 9FRA/RUCTURAL PROJECTS SU* AS TRANSCONT95TAL HI<WAYS & P[] PLANTS4 ,A WEBSITE WAS SET UP TO PUBLICIZE ?IS 9=MATION & ANY ACTIONS ?AT OCCURR$2 ROAD %[S T\R$ ! C\NTRY TO SPREAD ! WORD4 ,IT SEEM$ ?AT ALL ! PIECES W]E 9 PLACE1 & YET NO?+ HAPP5$4 

,E>LY 9 #b#h1 ,ROOT ,=CE RELEAS$ A /ATEM5T 5TITL$ 0,A ,REVIS$ ,/RATEGY0 9 :I* !Y ACKN[L$G$ ?AT !IR EF=TS HAD FAIL$ TO PRODUCE AN EFFECTIVE DIRECT ACTION CAMPAIGN & DESCRIB$ ! DIFFICULTIES ( ATTEMPT+ TO 9SPIRE ACTION AGA9/ 9FRA/RUCTURAL PROJECTS LOCAT$ SO F> AWAY AS TO SEEM 5TIRELY AB/RACT4 

,ROOT ,=CE MISUND]/OOD H[ DIRECT ACTION CAMPAIGNS TAKE (F4 ,ACTION & 9ACTION >E BO? CONTAGI\S4 ,IF SOME PEOPLE >E 9VE/$ 5\< 9 A CAUSE TO RISK !IR FRE$OM = IT1 O!RS MAY DO ! SAME2 BUT AS NO ONE WI%ES TO GO \T ON A LIMB 9 ISOLATION1 A S\ND /RATEGY ALONE IS NOT SUFFICI5T TO 9SPIRE ACTIONS4.<#g.> ,PROP]LY PUBLICIZ$1 ONE S]I\S DIRECT ACTION 9 ! ,ROOT ,=CE CAMPAIGN W\LD HAVE BE5 WOR? A HUNDR$ ROAD %[S4 

,! ,ROOT ,=CE CAMPAIGN HAD O!R FLAWS AS WELL4 ,IF ! GOAL WAS SIMPLY TO GIVE DEMON/RATORS SOME?+ TO DO1 ! /RATEGY WAS AS GOOD AS ANY O!R2 BUT IF !Y HOP$ TO BLOCK ! CON/RUCTION ( ! HI<WAYS & P[] PLANTS MO/ ESS5TIAL TO ! EXPANSION ( ! CAPITALI/ M>KET1 !Y W\LD HAVE HAD TO MOBILIZE A LOT MORE =CE ?AN ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN4 ,IF ! T>GETS !Y PICK$ REALLY W]E ( CRITICAL IMPORTANCE TO ! P[]S ?AT BE1 IT FOLL[S ?AT ! GOV]NM5T W\LD HAVE MOBILIZ$ EV]Y RES\RCE TO DEF5D !M4 ,OV]EXT5SION IS ! NUMB] ONE ]ROR ( SMALL-SCALE RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS3 RA!R ?AN SETT+ ATTA9ABLE GOALS & BUILD+ SL[LY ON MODE/ SUCCESSES1 ORGANIZ]S SET !MSELVES UP = DEFEAT BY ATTEMPT+ TO SKIP DIRECTLY TO ! F9AL %[D[N ) GLOBAL CAPITALISM4 ,WE CAN FI<T & W9 AMBITI\S BATTLES1 BUT TO DO SO WE HAVE TO ASSESS \R CAPABILITIES REALI/ICALLY4 

,O!R ,%,A,C-9FLU5C$ APPROA*ES HAVE BE5 *>ACT]IZ$ BY AN EMPHASIS ON HOME DEMON/RATIONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 OV] ! PA/ FEW YE>S1 PROTE/]S AGA9/ ! ,I,M,F & ,WORLD ,BANK HAVE EXP]IM5T$ ) T>GET+ EXECUTIVES & CORPORATE SPONSORS4 ,9 #b#f1 :ILE ,PAUL ,WOLF[ITZ WAS PRESID5T ( ! ,WORLD ,BANK1 !RE W]E A S]IES ( DEMON/RATIONS AT HIS GIRLFRI5D'S HOME2 EV5TUALLY %E MOV$4 ,?IS DOES NOT SEEM TO HAVE IMPACT$ ! ,I,M,F TO ! SAME EXT5T AS ! WORLDWIDE UPHEAVALS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T4 ,S>CASM ASIDE1 !RE'S LITTLE TO BE GA9$ FROM H>ASS+ PEOPLE LIKE ,WOLF[ITZ3 UNLIKE ! T]TI>Y P>TIES ,%,A,C T>GET$1 !Y >E NOT SIMPLY GO+ TO TAKE !IR BUS9ESS ELSE:]E4 

,SIMIL>LY1 AT ! #bd ,REPUBLICAN ,NATIONAL ,CONV5TION1 SOME ORGANIZ]S CALL$ = DEMON/RATORS TO FOCUS ON H>ASS+ ! DELEGATES4 ,! RISK ( ?IS APPROA* IS ?AT IT CAN FRAME ! CONFLICT AS A PRIVATE GRUDGE MAT* BETWE5 ACTIVI/S & AU?ORITIES1 RA!R ?AN A SOCIAL MOVEM5T ?AT IS ABLE TO ATTRACT MASS P>TICIPATION4 ,LIKE ,WOLF[ITZ1 ,REPUBLICAN DELEGATES >E H>DLY GO+ TO RETIRE BECAUSE A FEW PROTE/]S %\T AT !M--& EV5 IF SOME DID1 !Y W\LD 9/ANTLY BE REPLAC$4 ,ONE PROPOSAL = ! #bh ,R,N,C PROTE/S 9VOLV$ ACTIVI/S T>GET+ CORPORATIONS ?AT W\LD BE PROVID+ S]VICES TO ! CONV5TION4 ,T>GET+ CORPORATIONS PROVID+ S]VICES MI<T HAVE HELP$ BUILD MOM5TUM 9 ! LEAD-UP TO ! ,R,N,C1 BUT IT'S UNLIKELY ?AT IT C\LD HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 DEPRIV+ AN ORGANIZATION AS P[]FUL AS ! ,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY ( NECESS>Y RES\RCES4 ,! SAME PROBABLY GOES = PROPOSALS TO T>GET WEAPONS CONTRACTORS S]V+ ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T--IT MI<T GIVE DEMON/RATORS SOME?+ EXCIT+ TO DO1 BUT NO ONE %\LD UND]E/IMATE :AT IT W\LD TAKE TO MAKE A CORPORATION LIKE ,BOE+ BREAK (F RELATIONS ) ! ,U,S MILIT>Y4 

,SOME SEE ! ,RIS+ ,TIDE & ,RA9=E/ ,ACTION ,NETWORK CAMPAIGNS AGA9/ ,BANK ( ,AM]ICA AS RELATIVES ( ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN2 !SE DID USE SECOND>Y T>GET+1 AL?\< !Y W]E DIRECTLY DESC5D$ FROM 5VIRONM5TAL CAMPAIGNS ?AT PREC$$ IT4 ,AT ! 5D ( #b#h1 9 A CONTEXT ( BROAD] ECONOMIC TURMOIL1 ,BANK ( ,AM]ICA DECL>$ ?AT !Y W]E PULL+ !IR F9ANC+ FROM COMPANIES PR$OM9ANTLY 9VOLV$ 9 M\NTA9-TOP REMOVAL4 ,H[EV] 9S9C]E ?IS DECL>ATION MAY BE1 IT AT LEA/ 9DICATES ?AT ! CAMPAIGN =C$ ,B,O,A TO TAKE NOTICE4 ,5VIRONM5TALI/S 9 ,9DIANA HAVE HAD LESS SUCCESS ATTEMPT+ TO /OP ! CON/RUCTION ( HI<WAY ,I-#f#i VIA A COMB9ATION ( HOME & (FICE DEMON/RATIONS & =E/ OCCUPATION TACTICS4 ,9 0,A ,REVIS$ ,/RATEGY10 ,ROOT ,=CE CIT$ ,I-#f#i AS A PIVOTAL 9FRA/RUCTURAL PROJECT2 IT WILL BE 9T]E/+ TO SEE H[ ! /ATE RESPONDS IF ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,I-#f#i EV] BECOMES =MIDABLE4 

,ALL ?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT ! ,%,A,C MODEL CANNOT BE APPLI$ EFFECTIVELY1 BUT SIMPLY TO EMPHASIZE ?AT ACTIVI/S MU/ BE 9T5TIONAL & /RATEGIC AB\T :]E & H[ !Y ATTEMPT TO DO SO4 ,!RE >E PROBABLY SOME SITUATIONS 9 :I* ! MODEL C\LD ACCOMPLI% EV5 MORE ?AN IT HAS = ,%,A,C2 )\T A D\BT1 !RE >E O!R CONTEXTS 9 :I* IT CAN ACTUALLY BE C\NT]PRODUCTIVE4 

,TO REPEAT1 ! ,%,A,C CAMPAIGN 9 ! ,U,S HAS ONLY 9VOLV$ A FEW HUNDR$ P>TICIPANTS AT ANY GIV5 TIME2 A FEW ?\S& C\LD POSSIBLY TAKE ON A BIGG] T>GET4 ,EV5 =C+ ! GOV]NM5T TO BAIL \T A CORPORATION1 :E!R OR NOT ! T>GET WAS SUCCESSFULLY BANKRUPT$1 C\LD /ILL CON/ITUTE AN IMPORTANT VICTORY4 ,AS ( TODAY1 IT REMA9S TO BE SE5 :]E EFFECTIVE APPLICATIONS ( ! ,%,A,C MODEL WILL BE F\ND BEYOND ! CAMPAIGN ?AT SPAWN$ IT4 

.<#a.> ,UNLIKE ,H,S,U,S & ,P,E,T,A1 ! ,A,L,F IS NOT TE*NICALLY AN ORGANIZATION1 BUT RA!R A BANN] TAK5 UP BY AUTONOM\S CELLS :I* DO NOT NECESS>ILY HAVE ANY CONNECTION TO EA* O!R4 

.<#c.> ,UNLIKE MANY SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 ! ANIMAL RI<TS MOVEM5T IS SUPPORT$ BY WEAL?Y DONORS1 & WE CAN ASSUME ?AT SOME ( !M HAVE CONTRIBUT$ TO ,%,A,C4 

.<#d.> ,?IS ADV]TISEM5T IS ALL ! MORE IRONIC 9 VIEW ( ! ROLE MASK$ ?UGS 9 NATIONS LIKE ,COLOMBIA CONT9UE TO PLAY 9 DEF5D+ ! 9T]E/S ( CORPORATIONS :O TRADE ON ,WALL ,/REET4 

.<#e.> ,SECOND>Y T>GET+ MEANS GO+ AFT] A P]SON OR 5TITY :O DOES BUS9ESS ) ! PRIM>Y T>GET ( A CAMPAIGN4 ,T]TI>Y T>GET+ MEANS GO+ AFT] A P]SON OR 5TITY :O IS CONNECT$ TO A SECOND>Y T>GET4 

.<#f.> ,IF !RE HAVE NOT BE5 CORRESPOND+ CONFLICTS REG>D+ RACE & CLASS1 ?IS MAY SIMPLY 9DICATE ?AT ,%,A,C ORGANIZ+ HAS BE5 PR$OM9ANTLY :ITE & MIDDLE CLASS4 ,SOME HAVE *>G$ ?AT ! ANIMAL RI<TS MOVEM5T 9 ! ,U,S ATTRACTS MANY FROM ?IS DEMOGRAPHIC :O >E MORE COM=TABLE PROTE/+ ! OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION ( ANIMALS ?AN ADDRESS+ ! P[] IMBALANCES 9 !IR RELATION%IPS ) O!R HUMAN BE+S4 

.<#g.> ,COMP>E ?IS TO ! CRITIQUE ( CALLS = 0AUTONOM\S ACTIONS0 AT MASS MOBILIZATIONS 9 0,DEMON/RAT+ ,RESI/ANCE10 AVAILABLE 9 ! REC5T FEATURES SECTION ( ! READ+ LIBR>Y ON ?IS SITE4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #i? ,NOVEMB] #bb FROM CRIME?9C4COM47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,%,A,C ,MODEL -- ,ADD$4 

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