,*APT] #a 
,! ,MOVEM5T 9 #ahid 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CON/ANCE ,BANTMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,QUAIL 

,AU?OR 3 ,NICK ,HEA? 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #a4 ,! ,M,O,V,E,M,5,T ,9 #ahid 

,9 ! YE>S #a#h#h#i-#a#h#i#a !RE HAD BE5 A POSITIVE ORGY ( TRADES UNION ORGANIZ+4 ,!RE HAS BE5 NO SATISFACTORY ATTEMPT TO DESCRIBE & ANALYZE ?IS PH5OM5ON AS A :OLE1 MU* NE$$ ?\< IT IS4 ,IT IS CLE> ?\< ?AT ! 'T]MS ( TRADE' HAD SWUNG 9 FAVOR ( LABOR1 :I* MADE SU* ORGANIZATION V]Y MU* MORE SIMPLE4 ,! COMBATIV5ESS HAD OBVI\SLY BE5 /IMULAT$ BY ! UNEMPLOY$ AGITATION & SOCIALI/S 9 ! PREVI\S YE>S4 ,! GA9S ( #a#h#h#i-#a#h#i BEGAN TO BE ]OD$ BY UNEMPLOYM5T & ! C\NT]-ATTACK ( ! EMPLOY]S4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T ROSE S]I\SLY BETWE5 #ahia & #a#h#i#c4 ,YET ! E>LI] GA9S W]E NOT GIV5 UP )\T A /RUGGLE4 ,DEF5SIVE /RIKES OCCURR$ 9 MANY PLACES4 ,SOME W]E ( A MASSIVE & RIOT\S NATURE & MOBILIZ$ MANY MORE PEOPLE ?AN W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ! /RIKES !MSELVES4 ,9 ,DECEMB] #ahib A FUND RAIS+ PROCESSION 9 ,BRI/OL 9 SUPPORT ( A /RIKE WAS BANN$4 ,IT TOOK PLACE ANYWAY1 & ! AU?ORITIES W]E UNABLE TO 5=CE !IR BAN UNTIL DRAGOONS HAD MADE REPEAT$ *>GES 9VOLV+ ! FREE USE ( LANCES & SAB]S ON A CR[D E/IMAT$ TO NUMB] SOME HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S4 ,9 ! ,HULL DOCK /RIKE 9 ,MAY #a#h#i#c1 GUNBOATS W]E MOOR$ 9 ! ,HUMB]1 !RE WAS >SON 9 ! DOCKS & MANY CONFRONTATIONS TOOK PLACE BETWE5 /RIK]S & POLICE4 ,IT WAS NOT ONLY 9 CONNECTION ) 9DU/RIAL DISPUTES ?AT ! PEOPLE DEMON/RAT$ !IR READ9ESS TO TAKE DIRECT ACTION4 ,! ,AUGU/ #ahib ISSUE ( ,COMMONWEAL REPORT$ ?AT #c1 PEOPLE HAD FIR/ PULL$ D[N ! RAIL+S PROTECT+ A RAILWAY ?AT HAD BE5 RUN ACROSS COMMON L& AT ,LEYTON1 NE> ,LONDON4 ,!Y !N PROCE$$ TO WRECK ! RAILWAY ITSELF4 ,! SPIRIT ( ! TIMES ALSO MADE ITSELF MANIFE/ 9 MORE LOCAL ]UPTIONS3 :5 BROK]'S M5 SEIZ$ ! GOODS ( A WID[ 9 ,CL]K5WELL1 A QUICKLY GA!R+ CR[D ATTACK$ ! M51 SMA%$ ! SEIZ$ GOODS & US$ ! BITS1 TOGE!R ) LUMPS ( COAL1 POTATOES & G>BAGE1 TO ATTACK POLICE :5 !SE SUBSEQU5TLY >RIV$4.<#c#a#a.> 

,9 FACT ?IS P]IOD AFT] ! 'BOOM' ( ORGANIZ+1 :5 ! WORK+ CLASS WAS 9 AN EMBATTL$ & BITT] MOOD1 PROV$ A MORE RESPONSIVE ONE = ! AN>*I/S4 ,! P]IOD #a#h#h#i-#a#h#i HAD L$ TO SOME?+ ( A SCATT]+ ( ! LIB]T>IAN W+ ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,9S(> AS !RE HAD BE5 ANY AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION AT ALL IT HAD BE5 BAS$ 9 ,LONDON ON ! ,LONDON ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,\TSIDE ,LONDON1 BRAN*ES ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE 9 !IR V>I\S /ATES ( DIS9TEGRATION OR TRANS=MATION HAD PROVID$ TEMPOR>Y HAV51 P>TICUL>LY :]E SOCIALI/ CLUBS HAD BE5 =M$4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL MID-#a#h#i#b ?AT A F$]ATION ( AN>*I/ GR\PS WAS =M$ 9 ,LONDON & NOT UNTIL A LITTLE LAT] ?AT SPECIFICALLY AN>*I/ GR\PS W]E =M$ 9 ! PROV9CES4 ,! ONE EXCEPTION WAS A GR\P =M$ 9 ,%EFFIELD 9 E>LY #a#h#i#a4 ,?IS GR\P H[EV] WAS =M$ R\ND ! EXCEPTIONAL P]SONALITY ( ,DR ,JOHN ,CREA<E1 & :5 HE LEFT ,%EFFIELD T[>DS ! 5D ( ?AT YE> IT W5T 9TO SOME?+ ( A DECL9E4 ,! AN>*I/S AT ?IS PO9T W]E NOT REALLY ABLE TO SU/A9 AN ORGANIZATION SEP>ATELY4 ,! ,WALSALL AN>*I/S1 = EXAMPLE1 W]E BAS$ ON ! ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUB 9 ,GOODALL ,/REET1 :I* HAD EVOLV$ FROM ! LOCAL ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE BRAN*4 ,:ILE !Y SEEM TO HAVE DOM9AT$ ! CLUB IDEOLOGICALLY BY LATE #a#h#i#a1 !Y DO NOT APPE> TO HAVE TRI$ TO MAKE IT EXCLUSIVELY AN>*I/4 ,LE$S1 TO TAKE ANO!R EXAMPLE1 HAD SE5 A DISPUTE )9 ! RANKS ( ! SOCIALI/S 9 #ahi BETWE5 AN>*I/S & ELECTORAL SOCIALI/S1 9CLUD+ ,TOM ,MAGUIRE4 ,! BASIS ( ! >GUM5T WAS 0:I* ( ! TWO C\RSES IS ! CORRECT ONE TO TAKE BE>+ 9 M9D ! EV5TS ( ! GASWORK]S' /RUGGLE0 :I* HAD CULM9AT$ 9 A MASSIVE RIOT & ! /RIK]S' VICTORY4 ,MAGUIRE & HIS FRI5DS 09 RESPONSE TO ! M5'S WI%ES & 9 ACCORDANCE ) \R IDEAS ( POLICY CONSID]$ A ,LABOR ,ELECTORAL ,LEAGUE %\LD BE =M$ & ACCORD+LY ?IS WAS DONE40 ,! AN>*I/S ATTACK$ ! ,ELECTORAL ,LEAGUE & ITS SPONSORS & 0F9ALLY TOLD ! PEOPLE ?AT NO POLICY %\LD BE 5T]TA9$ BUT PHYSICAL =CE40.<#c#a#b.> 

,?\< ! DISPUTE WAS BITT] & RELATIONS REMA9$ COOL ! ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUB DID NOT BREAK UP4 ,A SEP>ATE AN>*I/ GR\P WAS NOT =M$ UNTIL ,AUGU/ #a#h#i#b1 PROBABLY 9 RESPONSE TO MORE SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS TO ORGANIZE ELECTORAL ACTIVITY :I* CULM9AT$ 9 ! =MATION ( AN ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY 9 ,LE$S 9 ,NOVEMB] ( ?AT YE>4 

,9 ,GLASG[ A SPLIT 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE RANKS DID NOT TAKE PLACE UNTIL LATE #ahib OR E>LY #a#h#i#c4 0,A FEW-( ! MEMB]S HAD BECOME ,P>LIAM5T>IANS & ! REMA9D] 7! MAJORITY BY F>7 :O W]E REALLY ,AN>*I/S = SOME TIME1 9 ORD] TO MAKE !IR POSITION CLE>LY UND]/OOD1 RESOLV$ TO AB&ON ! NAME ( ,SOCIALI/10 :I* ! P>LIAM5T>IANS HAD BESMIR*$ 0& DECL>$ !MSELVES ,AN>*I/S40 ,! GR\P EVID5TLY HAD A %AKY />T1 BECAUSE IT WAS NOT UNTIL ,OCTOB] #ahic :5 ! GR\P REORGANIZ$ ITSELF ?AT !Y REALLY SET TO WORK4 ,9 ,M>* #ahid !Y W]E ANN\NC+ ?AT !Y HAD 0FIVE TIMES ! MEMB]S WE />T$ )4 444 ,! ,LABOR ,P>TY FROM :OM WE HAVE BE5 DRA9+ A NUMB] ( RECRUITS HAVE BECOME SO AL>M$0 ?AT NO AN>*I/ SPEAK]S W]E BE+ ALL[$ ON !IR PLAT=MS OR BE+ ALL[$ TO SPEAK 9 DISCUSSIONS4 ,ALL AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE WAS BANN$ FROM !IR HALLS4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E WORK+ CLOSELY ) ! ,S4,D4,F41 0MANY ( :OM >E ,AN>*I/S 9 ALL BUT NAME40.<#c#a#c.> 

,9 !IR SUCCESS & !IR RECRUIT+ GR\ND ! ,GLASG[ GR\P W]E TYPICAL1 ?\< ! ,LONDON SITUATION WAS SOME:AT DIFF]5T S9CE ! ,I4,L4,P4 7( :I* ! ,SCOTTI% ,LABOR ,P>TY WAS BECOM+ A CON/ITU5T P>T7 DID NOT MAKE GR\ND 9 ! CAPITAL 9 ! E>LY #a#h#iS4 ,!RE ! AN>*I/S W]E MO/ SUCCESSFUL 9 RECRUIT+ FROM ! ,S4,D4,F4 -- ! CAUSE ( SOME BITT] FACTION FI<T+4 ,WE CAN UND]/& BITT]NESS 9 ! ,S4,D4,F4 :5 WE CONSID] ! ,LONDON REPORT 9 ,FRE$OM 9 ,JUNE #a#h#i#d3 0,! :OLE ,CANN+ ,T[N BRAN* ( ! ,S4,D4,F4 HAVE EMBRAC$ ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES & HAVE =M$ A MO/ 5]GETIC GR\P & WE HE> ?AT A ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*I/ GR\P IS 9 =MATION AT ,HORTON & ,WOOLWI*4 ,! ,WIMBL$ON ,S4,D4,F4 BRAN* HAVE BE5 SO DISGU/$ BY ! REACTION>Y POLICY ( ! ,C5TRAL ,C\NCIL 9 S5D+ A CIRCUL> TO ALL !IR BRAN*ES CALL+ UPON ALL ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,S4,D4,F4 TO RESIGN ?AT ALL ! BRAN* BUT TWO 7:O >E /ILL ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS7 S5T BACK A RESOLUTION CONDEMN+ !M 4440 ,A REPORT ! FOLL[+ MON? SOME:AT MODIFI$ ITS /ATEM5T CONC]N+ ! :OLE ,CANN+ T[N BRAN* ( ! ,S4,D4,F4 BECOM+ AN>*I/ & N[ CALL$ IT A SPLIT -- BUT ALSO ADD$ ,MILE ,5D TO ! LI/ ( AN>*I/ 9FLU5C$ ,S4,D4,F4 BRAN*ES4 ,AT ,CANN+ ,T[N ! AN>*I/S & ! ,S4,D4,F4 HELD OP5-AIR MEET+S 9 CLOSE PROXIMITY4 ,9 ,AUGU/ ! ,TIMES REPORT$3 0,LATELY ! ATT5DANCE AT ! GA!R+S HAS L>GELY 9CREAS$1 & BETWE5 ! ,SOCIALI/S 444 & ! ,AN>*I/S CONSID]ABLE FRICTION HAS BE5 CAUS$1 ! V>I\S SPEAK]S ACCUS+ EA* O!R ( TREA*]Y & BACKSLID+4 ,!SE SC5ES HAVE NE>LY L$ TO A S]I\S BREA* ( ! PEACE40.<#c#a#d.> 

,A MORE OR LESS 9DEP5D5T PAP]1 ! ,WEEKLY ,TIMES & ,E*O1 ASSESS+ ! PROGRESS ( AN>*I/ PROPAG&A1 HAD ALREADY SAID 9 ,DECEMB] #ahic ?AT ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS W]E BE+ CONSID]ABLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! AN>*I/S -- 0WE >E BY NO MEANS SO SURE ?AT ! AN>*I/ IS NOT COV]+ TWO MILES TO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT'S ONE40 ,IT SUGGE/$ ?AT ! WORK]S W]E BEG9N+ TO ?9K ?AT ! AN>*I/ WAS 0! PRACTICAL MAN1 ! ONLY SOCIAL RE=M] :O GOES TO ! ROOT ( ! MATT]40.<#c#a#e.> ,AS F> AS E/IMAT+ ! NUMB] ( AN>*I/S AT ?IS TIME WE CAN ONLY MAKE AN 9=M$ GUESS4 ,ONE ( A S]IES ( >TICLES 7:I* IT HAS TO BE SAID W]E NOT TAK5 V]Y S]I\SLY BY ! AN>*I/ PRESS7 :I* W]E PUBLI%$ 9 ,DECEMB] #ahid GAVE ! FOLL[+ FIGURES = ,LONDON4.<#c#a#f.> ,!RE W]E AT ?AT TIME1 IT SAYS1 SOME #g1 TO #h1 AN>*I/S1 ( :OM #b1 W]E ,RUSSIAN ,JEWS 9 ! ,EA/ ,5D1 #a1 W]E ,G]MANS LIV+ MA9LY R\ND ,SOHO ,SQU>E & ! ,MIDDLESEX ,HOSPITAL PLUS A SMALL & VIOL5T COLONY ( #d ,FR5* AN>*I/S LIV+ 9 ! ,*>LOTTE ,/REET >EA4 ,( ! ,5GLI% AN>*I/S IT SAID3 

!Y NUMB] BETWE5 #c1 & #d1 444 ! LATE/ ADH]5TS BE+ 9 ,CANN+ ,T[N & ,DEPT=D ) GR\PS ( OV] #a EA*4 444 ,!IR RANKS >E RECRUIT$ L>GELY FROM ! EXTREME SOCIALI/S ESPECIALLY ?OSE ( AN ',9DIVIDUALI/IC' T5D5CY & AMONG ! CLASSES SU* AS TAILORS1 %OEMAK]S1 CAB9ET MAK]S :OSE WORK ALL[S GREAT] FRE$OM ( IDEAS4 ,! DOCK]S & ! H>D TOIL]S & MOIL]S REMA9 = ! MO/ P>T /OLID SOLDI]S 9 ! RANKS ( ,SOCIALISM :]E !IR ?9K+ IS DONE = !M & !IR WILL P[] DELEGAT$4 

,YET IT IS SIGNIFICANT ?AT REC5TLY A B& ( COMRADES HEAD$ BY A Y\NG & HI<LY 9TELLECTUAL LADY HAVE BE5 PURSU+ !IR WORK AT ! DOCKS ) ABSOLUTELY FANATICAL E>NE/NESS & HAVE SWEPT 9TO !IR ASSOCIATIONS CONSID]ABLE NUMB]S1 NOTABLY ( ! Y\NG] M54 

,! 0Y\NG & HI<LY 9TELLECTUAL LADY0 WAS ,OLIVIA ,ROSSETTI & ! 0COMRADES0 W]E ! ,TOR* GR\P ) :I* ,T$ ,LEGGATT1 A C>MAN 9 ! ,EA/ ,5D 7& LAT] A UNION (FICIAL71 WAS CONNECT$4 

,YET ! FIGURES GIV5 H]E SEEM F> TOO HI<4 ,WE HAVE SOME CONFIRMATION = ! SUGGE/$ NUMB]S 9 ! ,CANN+ ,T[N GR\P & P]HAPS 9 ! ,DEPT=D GR\P AT >\ND ! ONE HUNDR$ M>K4 ,YET !SE W]E EXCEPTIONAL GR\PS4 ,= !RE TO BE #c1 TO #d1 AN>*I/S 9 ,LONDON !RE W\LD HAVE TO BE #be TO #ce GR\PS ( A SIMIL> SIZE1 ALL[+ = ! ISOLAT$1 ! UNORGANIZ$ & H>DY 9DEP5D5TS4 ,?IS WAS C]TA9LY NOT ! CASE4 ,! ,5GLI% AN>*I/S C\LD MOBILIZE #f PEOPLE 9 ,LONDON ON A WORK+ DAY & UPW>DS ( #a1 ON A ,SUNDAY1 :5 !RE W]E RIVAL ATTRACTIONS4 ,L>G] NUMB]S ON SPECIAL OCCASIONS CAN BE ACC\NT$ = BY =EIGN AN>*I/S & O!R SOCIALI/ SYMPA?IZ]S4 ,?IS W\LD SEEM TO 9DICATE A MAXIMUM ( #b1 ,5GLI% AN>*I/S 9 ,LONDON AT ?AT TIME -- A G5]\S E/IMATE4 ,EQUALLY G5]\SLY WE C\LD D\BLE ?AT NUMB] = A NATIONAL TOTAL4 ,AS F> AS ! CIRCULATION ( ,5GLI%-LANGUAGE AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]S GOES1 !RE SEEMS TO BE LITTLE REASON TO DISPUTE ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK'S FIGURE ( A TOTAL ( #a1 = ALL ( !M4 ,?US1 ?\< !SE SUGGE/$ FIGURES 9DICATE ?AT ! AN>*I/S HAD NOT BROK5 \T FROM ! /ATUS ( SECT 9TO ?AT ( MOVEM5T1 !RE HAD BE5 SOME?+ ( AN EXPLOSION 9 NUMB]S S9CE ! TIME ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS HAD CALCULAT$ ! MEMB]%IP ( ! ,LONDON ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE TO BE #ab 9 #a#h#i#a4 

,= TWO YE>S1 9 #ahid & #a#h#i#e1 ! AN>*I/S SEEM$ POIS$ = TAKE-(F 9TO A SELF-N\RI%+ MOVEM5T4 ,! COLLAPSE ( ! ,COMMONWEAL & ! CLOSURE ( ! ,AUTONOMIE ,CLUB HAD BE5 A BL[ TO ! ULTRA SECTION ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,! EV5TS SURR\ND+ !SE OCCASIONS HAD HAD A DISRUPTIVE EFFECT ON ! MOVEM5T 9 ! ,WE/ ,5D1 T5D+ TO SPLIT ! EXILES & ! ,5GLI% AN>*I/S4 ,9 POLITICAL T]MS ?IS L>GELY MEANT ! 5D ( ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ADVOCATES ( BOMB+ & MORE R&OM ACTS ( T]ROR4 ,BY NO MEANS DID SU* PROPAG&A CEASE1 H[EV]2 IT M]ELY BECAME LESS PROM95T4 ,& 9 PO9T ( FACT !RE W]E SEV]AL AN>*I/ BOMB EXPLOSIONS 9 ,LONDON AFT] ?IS TIME4 ,9 ,AUGU/ #ahid ! FIR/ ( A S]IES ( PO/ (FICES 9 ,S\? ,LONDON WAS BL[N UP AT ,NEW ,CROSS4 ,A MEMB] ( ! ,DEPT=D AN>*I/ GR\P1 ,ROLLA ,RI*>DS1 WAS EV5TUALLY >RE/$ = CAUS+ !SE EXPLOSIONS4 ,HE WAS BR\<T TO TRIAL 9 ,APRIL #ahig & S5T5C$ TO SEV5 YE>S 9 PRISON4 ,ON #d? ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i#d1 AT #a#aPM1 A BOMB EXPLOD$ ON ! DOOR/EP ( ! ,TILNEY ,/REET1 ,MAYFAIR1 H\SE ( ,REG9ALD ,BRETT1 ,M4,P4 ,! DOOR WAS BL[N 9 & MANY W9D[S 9 ! SURR\ND+ H\SES W]E SMA%$4 ,! BOMB SEEM$ TO HAVE BE5 ( ! ,FR5* AN>*I/ /YLE ( MANUFACTURE1 & ! :OLE BUS9ESS WAS RA!R BUNGL$ 9S(> AS IT WAS G5]ALLY ASSUM$ ?AT ! BOMB WAS REALLY 9T5D$ = ,JU/ICE ,HAWK9S :O LIV$ AT ANO!R H\SE 9 ,TILNEY ,/REET4 ,!RE WAS NO P>TICUL> REASON :Y ANYONE %\LD BOMB ,BRETT1 BUT ,JU/ICE ,HAWK9S WAS DETE/$ 9 AN>*I/ CIRCLES = HIS SAVAGE S5T5CES ON ! ,WALSALL AN>*I/S & ,F>N>A & ,POLTI4 ,ANO!R EXPLOSION TOOK PLACE 9 ,APRIL #ahig 9 AN UND]GR\ND TRA91 KILL+ ONE P]SON & 9JUR+ SEV]AL O!RS4 ,:ILE ! AN>*I/ PRESS IGNOR$ ?IS BOMB OR D5I$ ANY P>T 9 IT -- ,DAVID ,NICOLL W5T SO F> AS TO ACCUSE ! POLICE ( PLANT+ IT -- IT WAS G5]ALLY ATTRIBUT$ TO AN AN>*I/4 ,!RE W]E C]TA9LY LUNATICS 9 ! MOVEM5T CAPABLE ( SU* AN ACT2 BUT ! QUE/ION HAS TO BE PUT AS TO :AT PO9T1 IF ANY1 C\LD BE MADE BY SU* AN EXPLOSION 9 SU* A PLACE4 ,S9CE NO ONE WAS >RE/$ = ! BOMB 9 ,MAYFAIR OR ! TRA9 ! QUE/ION REMA9S OP5 9 BO? CASES4 

,) ! DECL9E ( ! 9FLU5CE ( ! 'BOMB+' FACTION ! MOVEM5T BECAME DOM9AT$ BY :AT MI<T BE T]M$ 7AS 9 ,NICOLL7 ! 'REVOLUTIONI/' FACTION4 ,A SIMPLE EXPRESSION ( !IR POSITION CAN BE F\ND 9 ! ,MANIFE/O 9 ! FIR/ NUMB] ( ! ,AN>*I/ :I* ,NICOLL PUBLI%$ FROM ,%EFFIELD 9 ,M>* #a#h#i#d3 

,WE >E ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/S & DECL>E = ! COMPLETE DE/RUCTION ( ! EXI/+ SOCIETY4 ,WE SEEK TO PUT 9 ITS PLACE FREE COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS ( WORKM5 :O %ALL [N L&1 CAPITAL & ALL ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,WE W\LD SWEEP AWAY ALL =MS ( ,GOV]NM5T & WE DESIRE NEI!R TO RULE O!RS OR TO BE RUL$ \RSELVES4 

,WE SEEK TO REALIZE ?AT FRE$OM :I* IS ONLY POSSIBLE BY EV]Y MAN BE+ READY TO DEF5D HIS [N LIB]TY )\T SEEK+ TO TRAMPLE ON ! LIB]TY ( O!RS4 

,WE >E ,COMMUNI/S4 ,WE DO NOT SEEK TO E/ABLI% AN IMPROV$ WAGES SY/EM LIKE ! ,FABIAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS4 ,WE DO NOT SEE ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO REW>D A MAN ACCORD+ TO HIS DE$S2 NOR DO WE ?9K ?AT LACK ( SKILL OR ABILITY %ALL BE ANY REASON :Y ANY MAN %\LD LACK ! NECESS>IES ( LIFE4 ,!RE IS 5\< = ALL2 !N ALL :O >E WILL+ TO WORK %\LD HAVE 5\< 444 

,D,Y,N,A,M,I,T,E ,I,S ,N,O,T ,A,N,>,*,Y 

,IT IS ! WEAPON ( M5 DRIV5 TO DESP]ATION BY 9TOL]ABLE SUFF]+ & OPPRESSION4 ,\R IDEAL CAN BE REALIZ$ )\T IT1 IF ! RI* WILL LET US4 ,\R WORK = ! PRES5T LIES 9 SPREAD+ \R IDEAS AMONG ! WORK]S 9 !IR CLUBS & ORGANIZATIONS AS WELL AS 9 ! OP5 /REET4 ,SO LONG AS WE CAN EXPRESS \R IDEAS FREELY WE %ALL BE CONT5T ) ADVOCAT+ 

,P,A,S,S,I,V,E ,R,E,S,I,/,A,N,C,E 

,ALL WE NE$ CAN BE OBTA9$ BY ! G5]AL REFUSAL ( ! WORK]S TO PAY R5T TO A L&LORD OR TO WORK = A CAPITALI/4 

,N,O ,R,5,T ,& ,! ,U,N,I,V,],S,A,L ,/,R,I,K,E 444 

,?IS REPRES5T$ MORE OR LESS ! L9E ( ! AN>*I/ PAP]S 9 EXI/5CE AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,9 #ahid !SE W]E ,FRE$OM1 ! ,AN>*I/1 ,LIB]TY & ! ,TOR*4 7,! ,TOR* WAS F\ND$ BY ! ,ROSSETTI SI/]S1 ,HEL5 & ,OLIVIA1 & SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 DESIGN$ TO CONT9UE ! WORK ( ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,BO? SI/]S HAD CONTRIBUT$ >TICLES ON ,ITALIAN AFFAIRS TO ! ,COMMONWEAL & ONE1 AT LEA/1 HAD BE5 PRES5T AT ! MEET+ :I* HAD EXPELL$ ,SAMUELS4 ,! GR\P PRODUC+ ! PAP] 9CLUD$ SOME ,ITALIAN EXILES1 ,]NE/ ,Y\NG & ,CANTWELL :5 HE WAS RELEAS$ FROM PRISON47 

,YET ! SITUATION WAS1 9 FACT1 WILDLY UN/ABLE = ! AN>*I/S4 ,!Y /ILL SPOKE TO ! REAL DESP]ATION ( SECTIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!IR COMMITM5T TO REVOLUTION WAS A SEV]E EMB>RASSM5T TO ?OSE ]/:ILE REVOLUTION>IES :O W]E N[ BUSILY TRY+ TO GET !MSELVES ELECT$ TO V>I\S BODIES4 ,AS A RESULT ! SOCIALISM ( !SE PEOPLE HAD BECOME TRANS=M$ 9TO 'PRACTICAL PROPOSALS' :I* W\LD BE /EPP+ /ONES TO SOCIALISM VIA A S]IES ( RE=MS4 ,ELECTORAL ACTIVITY T5D$ TO =CE ?IS K9D ( PRES5TATION ON SOCIALI/S ?US 9VOLV$4 ,BECKON+ C>E]S T5D$ TO CONFIRM ?IS APPROA*4 ',CLASS W>' RHETORIC WAS RA!R PU%$ 9TO ! BACKGR\ND1 BECAUSE MASS PASSIVITY -- OR AT LEA/ P>TIAL DEMOBILIZATION -- WAS IMPLI$ BY ELECTORAL REPRES5TATION4 ,! RESULT+ FRAGM5TATION ( ELECTORAL SOCIALISM MEANT 9 EFFECT ?AT ! AN>*I/S ) !IR 'IMPOSSIBILI/' POSITION HAD GREAT] !ORETICAL CL>ITY ?AN !IR RIVALS4 ,BUT :5 ! MILITANCY ( ! WORK+ CLASS HAD %RUNK BACK FROM ITS FLOOD TIDE !IR 'IMPOSSIBILISM' LEFT !M ) NO ACTIVITY BUT PROPAG&A4 ,9DIVIDUALLY !Y W]E 9VOLV$ 9 EV]Y ASPECT ( WORK+-CLASS LIFE EXCEPT ?OSE >EAS :I* C\LD BE DESCRIB$ AS 'POLITICAL' -- ?AT IS1 AS AN ADM9I/RATIVE P>T ( ! /ATUS QUO4 ,?US !RE W]E AN>*I/S :O W]E ACTIVE TRADES UNIONI/S1 AN>*I/S :O W]E COOP]ATORS1 AN>*I/S :O ORGANIZ$ CLUBS4 ,YET IT WAS ONLY )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 = BETT] OR WORSE1 ?AT ! AN>*I/ WORD BECAME FLE%4 ,GR\P MEET+S W]E HELD ON ! ,QUAK] PATT]N3 0,AN>*I/S DO NOT HAVE A ,*AIRMAN1 BUT :5 5\< PEOPLE HAD ASSEMBL$1 A MAN /OOD UP & BEGAN TO SPEAK10.<#c#a#g.> 0ANYONE C\LD SPEAK :5 & H[ HE PLEAS$1 SO LONG AS HE RECEIV$ ! APPROBATION ( ! MEET+4 ,G5]ALLY SPEAK+ ! MEET+S W]E V]Y ORD]LY60.<#c#a#h.> ,GR\PS )9 :I* ?IS DEMOCRACY OP]AT$ W]E AUTONOM\S1 FREELY F$]AT$ )\T HI]>*Y4 ,! MOVEM5T C\LD CONTA9 M5 ) A CONSID]ABLE WILL TO P[]1 ?\< ! T]MS 9 :I* ?IS WAS EXPRESS$ W]E SOME:AT MUTAT$4 ,AS ,NETTLAU REM>KS ( ONE CONFLICT3 0,! AIM IS ALWAYS A P]IODICAL )\T AN $ITOR1 I4E4 )\T ,X1 :I* IS PRODUC$ SPONTANE\SLY1 I4E4 BY ,Y40.<#c#a#i.> ,YET IF ! AN>*I/S HAD MADE A MOVEM5T :I* DEMON/RAT$ SOME?+ ( ITS PR9CIPLES )9 ITSELF1 IT HAD NO NEW ME?ODS TO (F] ! WORK]S ONCE OP5 CLASS CONFLICT DIM9I%$4 

,:ILE ! AN>*I/S PRES5T$ A CRITIQUE ( EXI/+ =MS ( /RUGGLE IT WAS A CRITIQUE :I* ASSESS$ !SE =MS AGA9/ ONE Y>D/ICK3 ! BR++ ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,& S9CE TRADES UNIONISM OR COOP]ATION W]E NOT REVOLUTION>Y 9 ANY S5SE ?AT IMPLI$ VIOL5T1 IMM$IATE & MASSIVE CLASS CONFLICT OR ! CON/RUCTION ( ! NEW SOCIETY !Y W]E DISMISS$ AS AN>*I/ =MS ( /RUGGLE ?\< IT WAS READILY ADMITT$ ?AT SU* ACTIVITIES W]E 9EVITABLE & NECESS>Y UND] CAPITALISM4 ,?US1 AS 9DIVIDUALS !Y W]E 9VOLV$ 9 !M & W]E ALWAYS READY TO URGE DIRECT ACTION 9 TRADES UNION /RUGGLE2 YET COLLECTIVELY !RE WAS A DI/9CT C>ELESSNESS 9 !IR ANALYSIS ( SU* /RUGGLE1 A C>ELESSNESS :I* APPLI$ 9 O!R SIMIL> >EAS TOO4 ,YET DESPITE ?IS1 AN>*I/S ?R\< DOGG$ C\RAGE OR A MORE F9ELY ATTUN$ S5SITIVITY TO SPONTANE\S DEVELOPM5TS W]E ABLE TO MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS :I* WILL BE GIV5 9 MORE DETAIL 9 A LAT] *APT]4 ,YET ON ANY CRIT]IA ( SUCCESS ! AN>*I/S W]E TO BE HOPELESSLY \TPAC$ BY ! RE=MI/ POLITICIANS 9 ! LAT] #a#h#iS4 ,DESPITE ! 9AUSPICI\S BEG9N+S ( ! ELECTORAL /RATEGY 9 ! ,TORY GOLD SC&AL 9 #a#h#h#e1 BY #ahie ! SITUATION WAS MORE 5C\RAG+ = ! RE=MI/S4 ,IT WAS TRUE ?AT ! P>LIAM5T>Y ROAD WAS NOT ALTOGE!R 5C\RAG+3 9 ! #ahie ELECTION ! ,I4,L4,P4 PUT UP TW5TY-EI<T C&IDATES & ! ,S4,D4,F4 F\R & !Y W]E ALL DEFEAT$4 ,YET !SE W]E NO JOKE C&IDATES2 ! ,I4,L4,P4 WAS BECOM+ A MASS ORGANIZATION & DESPITE ITS DEFEATS HAD A HI< MORALE4 ,! ,S4,D4,F4 REMA9$ RELATIVELY SMALL1 ) AN E/IMAT$ MEMB]%IP ( BETWE5 #b1 & #d14 ,YET BO? ORGANIZATIONS A*IEV$ SIGNIFICANT ELECTORAL SUCCESS 9 LOCAL BODIES4 ,AS F> AS VE/RIES1 BO>DS ( GU>DIANS1 S*OOL BO>DS & C\NCILS W]E CONC]N$1 9 ! NATION AS A :OLE 9 #ahie ! ,I4,L4,P4 HELD #h SU* POSITIONS & ! ,S4,D4,F4 #b#e4.<#c#b.> ,IT WAS FROM ?IS DEVELOP+ BASE 9 LOCAL AFFAIRS ?AT SUCCESSFUL ,LABOR C&IDATES W]E TO BE LAUN*$ ON SOME SCALE 9 #a#i#f4 

,! AN>*I/S C\LD /& ON ! SIDEL9ES ( ?IS ACTIVITY & SNIPE -- & !Y DID1 SOMETIMES TO GREAT EFFECT4 ,YET 9 ! FACE ( !IR 9ABILITY TO PROVIDE PRACTICAL PROPOSALS TO GO ) !IR CRITIQUE ( ELECTORAL RE=MISM ! LATT] MADE /EADY PROGRESS4 ,! DILEMMA HAD BE5 SUMM$ UP 9 A HO/ILE WAY 9 ,JU/ICE4 ,9 A REPLY TO A LETT] FROM AN AN>*I/ CRITICIZ+ ELECTION ACTIVITY IT SAID1 0,IF \R CORRESPOND5T MEANS ?AT HE OBJECTS TO POLITICAL & MUNICIPAL ACTION AS EXPRESS$ BY RUNN+ C&IDATES & VOT+ 9 P>LIAM5T>Y & MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS1 !N WE FE> ?AT NO ORGANIZ$ BODY CAN BE KEPT TOGE!R OR F$ ON M]E AB/RACTIONS40.<#c#b#a.> ,TO SAY ! LEA/ ?IS PUTS ! C>T BE=E ! HORSE & !IR *OICE ( A TACTIC DESIGN$ TO PRES]VE ! ORGANIZATION RA!R ?AN A*IEVE ! REVOLUTION M>KS A CONSID]ABLE *ANGE FROM !IR E>LI] BRAVE REM>KS ?AT ALL ME?ODS MU/ BE TRI$ TO A*IEVE SOCIALISM1 :E!R BOMB1 BULLET OR BALLOT BOX4 ,!Y W]E P]CEPTIVE 5\<1 ?\<1 TO ASK :AT ! AN>*I/S W]E GO+ TO DO IF !Y ES*EW$ ELECTIONS4 ,! AN>*I/S HAD F\ND A N\RI%+ 5VIRONM5T 9 ! BITT] AFT]MA? ( ! #a#h#h#i-#a#h#i BOOM & HAD NO DESIRE TO PRES]VE AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION = ! SAKE ( IT4 ,!Y F\ND !MSELVES SCATT]$1 /R&$ & IMPRACTICAL :5 ! WAVE SUBSID$4 ,AS ! #a#h#iS PROGRESS$ ! CIRCUM/ANCES :I* 5C\RAG$ FREE-SPEE* FI<TS1 ! W9D[ SMA%+ ( ,C4,C4 ,DAVIS1 ! ANTI-BROK] BRIGADE ( ,W4,B4 ,P>K]1 ! ,NO ,R5T CAMPAIGN1 NOT TO M5TION EXPANSIVE & CONFRONTATION-ORI5T$ TRADES UNION ORGANIZ+1 SEEM$ TO HAVE PASS$4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E LEFT ) PROPAG&A ACTIVITY ONLY4 

,& EV5 :5 ?AT PROPAG&A WAS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ATTEMPTS TO A*IEVE SOCIALISM ?R\< ELECTIONS IT WAS NO LESS R$UC$ TO 'M]E AB/RACTIONS'4 ,:]EAS ELECTORAL SOCIALI/S C\LD >GUE ?AT !Y W]E AT LEA/ 0DO+ SOME?+ PRACTICAL0 ! AN>*I/ CONT5TION ?AT ?IS W\LD GIVE PRACTICALLY NO?+ TO ! WORK+ CLASS WAS AS YET ONLY A PR$ICTION & NOT A DEMON/RABLE FACT4 ,TAK5 TOGE!R ) ! RIS+ TIDE ( IMP]IALI/-9SPIR$ POPUL> PATRIOTISM1 :I* WAS TO REA* ITS PEAK 9 ! ,BO] ,W> P]IOD1 ?IS CAUS$ A CATA/ROPHIC DROP 9 AN>*I/ NUMB]S & MORALE 9 ! LAT] #a#h#iS4 ,SPORADIC LOCAL REVIVALS W\LD TAKE PLACE :]E EXCEPTIONAL AGITATORS W]E ACTIVE4 ,BUT ! CONT9UAL COMPLA9T WAS TO BE WORK+-CLASS APA?Y & LACK ( ACTIVITY & RESPONSE4 ,BY ! 5D ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY HI/ORY SEEM$ TO HAVE PASS$ ! ,5GLI% AN>*I/S BY4 ,DAVID ,NICOLL WROTE 9 #a#h#i#h3 

',!RE IS DESP]IT FI<T9 9 ! /REETS ( ,MILAN2 ! RO> ( ! CANNON RES\NDS2 B>RICADES RISE ON ALL SIDES4 ,BREAD OR ,DEA? IS ! CRY ( ! MASSES4 ,COMRADES PREP>E = ! ,WE/RY ELECTIONS & ALL WILL BE WELL4' ,?IS IS ! CRY ( ! ,SO%]LI/S ( ! ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,S*OOL4 444 ,! ,SO%]L ,REVOLUTION BY MEANS ( VE/RY ELECTIONS IS ADVANC+ BY RAPID /RIDES4 

,& IT'S HAV+ A GREAT 9FLU5CE ON ! P>TY4 ,T5 YE>S AGO !Y W]E R\< BLOKES LIKE Y\ & ME & !Y US$ TO FI<T ! POLICE LIKE W9K+4 ,!Y WORE C\RDUROYS & 'OBNAIL$ BOOTS4 ,N[ !Y >E NICE-LOOK+1 ,SUNDAY ,S*OOL Y\NG M52 !Y P>T !IR 'AIR 9 ! MIDDLE1 WE> CLEAN COLL>S & CUFFS & A TOP 'AT & FROCK COAT ON ,SUNDAY1 & :5 Y\ ATT5D A BRAN* MEET+ Y\ ?9K Y\ >E 9 ! ,Y\NG ,M5'S ,*RI/IAN ,ASSOCIATION 444 

,BUT !RE A9'T ! GO AB\T ! PROPEG&] ! WAY !RE US$ TO BE4 ,! 'OBNAIL$ BOOTS & C\RDUROYS 'AS GONE = EV] BUT SOME?+ ELSE 'AS GONE & ?AT'S ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT4 ,IF Y\ TALK AB\T ! ,SO%]L ,REVOLUTION ! Y\NG M5 SNIGG]4 ,!Y DON'T BELIEVE 9 IT1 !Y DON'T WANT IT4 ,!Y >E TOO DAMN$ RESPECTABLE4 ,BUT ! 'OBNAIL$ BOOTS & C\RDUROYS WAS 'UNGRY SOMETIMES & !Y GOT WILD2 !Y BROKE W9D]S & SACK$ %OPS & MADE ?+S LIVELY4 

,!Y DID BELIEVE 9 ! ,SO%]L ,REVOLUTION1 !Y DID4.<#c#b#b.> 

,AS ! #a#h#iS PROCE$$ ALL ! SYMPTOMS ( A DECL9E W]E TO APPE>4 ,PAP]S CLOS$ D[N4 ,PROPAG&A ACTIVITY BECAME SPORADIC4 ,BITT] DISPUTES BAS$ MORE ON P]SONALITIES ?AN POLITICS HAD A LA/+ & DAMAG+ EFFECT4 ,YET DESPITE IT ALL1 AN>*ISM1 ?\< BADLY BRUIS$1 WAS NOT FATALLY 9JUR$ BY ! EXP]I5CE & MADE SOME?+ ( A COMEBACK 9 ! YE>S BE=E ,WORLD ,W> ,ONE4 ,?AT IS WOR? REMEMB]+ :ILE WE RELATE ! EV5TS ( ! LEAN YE>S ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/