,! ,SOLUTION ( ,BUKH>9 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA 

,TEXT 3 

7,DECEMB] #a#i#e#f7 

,FROM ,COSMONAUT1 ,JANU>Y #b#a#i4 

,TRANSLAT$ BY ,LEON ,?ALHEIM]4 

,TRANSLATION ( ! *APT]S #a#a#a1 #aab & #aac ( ,ECONOMIC & ,SOCIAL ,/RUCTURE ( ! ,RUSSIA ( ,TODAY BY ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA4 

,FR5* TRANSLATION3 ,/RUCTURE ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIALE DE LA ,RUSSIE D'AUJ\RD'HUI1 #b8 P>TIE3 ,DEVELOPPEM5T DES RAPPORTS DE PRODUCTION APRES LA REVOLUTION BOL*EVIQUE 7#a#i#e#f-#e#g74 

,PUBLI%$ 9 ,ITALIAN 9 ,IL ,PROGRAMMA ,COMUNI/A1 ,N8 #b#e1 ,DECEMB] #a#i#e#f74 

,COPI$ ) ?ANKS FROM ,COSMONAUT ,BLOG1 ,SEPTEMB] #b#a#i4 

,TRANSCRIB$ @& M>K$ UP BY ,E9DE ,O',CALLA<AN = ! ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ,TROTSKYISM ,ON-,L9E 7,E,T,O,L74 

,IF Y\ WI% TO REPRODUCE ?IS TEXT1 PLEASE CONTACT ,COSMONAUT AT COSMONAUTMAGAZ9E 7AT7 GMAIL 7DOT7 COM4 

,:5 LAT] ,/AL9 WAS ASK$ :I* FRACTION WAS WORSE1 ,LEFT OR ,RI<T1 HE REPLI$ ?AT !Y W]E BO? WORSE & HE MADE IT CLE> ?AT HIS PLAN WAS TO CRU% BO? ( !M4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 :AT WAS ! 0,/AL90 FRACTION8 ,IT WAS ! ONE ?AT CONSI/$ 9 NOT HAV+ A T5D5CY1 9 NOT RESPECT+ PR9CIPLES1 9 ADM9I/]+ ! /ATE = ! /ATE1 9 GOV]N+ ,RUSSIA = ,RUSSIA1 9 REPLAC+ ! POSITION ( CLASS & ! 9T]NATIONAL POSITION ) A NATIONAL & !N IMP]IAL POSITION3 EV5 ASSUM+ ?AT NEI!R ,/AL9 NOR HIS FOLL[]S W]E ORIG9ALLY AW>E ( IT4 

,IT SEEMS /RANGE TO ?OSE :O WRITE ,HI/ORY 0BY TAK+ AN 9T]E/ 9 PEOPLE0 ?AT1 FROM #a#i#b#g1 ! RI<T & ! LEFT CAME TOGE!R TO 5GAGE 9 AN UNEQUAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 0LEAD]%IP04 ,IT W\LD BE /RANGE TO ?9K ?AT 9 9SULT+ ,/AL9 7T5 TIMES LESS ?AN IT %\LD HAVE71 ! ,LEFT WAS 9SULT+ A ,RI<T DEVIATION 9 ! !SES FROM :I* ,/AL91 TRUE WEA!R VANE ( POLITICS1 HAD DRAWN BE=E DRAW+1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 FROM ! DOCTR9E & !SES ( ! ,LEFT ,BUT IT IS NOT /RANGE IF ONE MAKES HI/ORY BY ! S*OOL ( ,M>X & ,L59 & NOT 9 ! MANN] ( ,TECOPPA4 ,! EXPLANATION DOES NOT LIE 9 ,JOSEPH ,/AL9'S 0MAFFIOSO *>ACT]01 BUT IT RA!R ANO!R PRO( ?AT ! REVOLUTION HAD BE5 HI/ORICALLY 0%ORT5$0 FROM A D\BLE REVOLUTION TO A B\RGEOIS-ONLY REVOLUTION1 :]E9 ! LATT] ! LEAD]S CUT EA* O!R'S HEADS TO /EAL IDEAS & BRA9S4 

,TROTSKY HIMSELF1 TI$ TO ! TRADITIONS ( ?IS /RUGGLE1 DEVALU$ ! 0,RI<T0 EV5 9 HIS SUBSEQU5T WORKS1 & HE FAIL$ TO UND]/& ! TRU?3 ?AT ! ,LEFT & ! ,RI<T W]E BO? ON ! GR\ND ( ! ,M>XI/ PR9CIPLES1 & ?AT ! 0,C5T]01 9 EA* ( ITS SUCCESSIVE TURN+ PO9TS 9 ,RUSSIAN AS WELL AS 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS1 MOV$ AWAY A LITTLE MORE EA* TIME4 

,TROTSKY HAS ! IMM5SE M]IT ( HAV+1 S9CE #a#i#b#c1 9DIVIDUALIZ$ ?IS DEMON/RATION :I* WAS TO KILL ! ,M>XI/ P>TY :I* ALONE HAD SEIZ$ P[]3 ! H&L+ ( ! APP>ATUS ( ,/ATE1 CRUEL & COLD MA*9E BUILT TO EX]T ! T]ROR ON ! CLASS 5EMY1 AGA9/ ! P>TY APP>ATUS - & SU* A PA?OLOGICAL CRISIS /EMM$ FROM ! RETREAT ( ! EXT]NAL REVOLUTION>Y =CES & ! MI/RU/ ( AN OV]:ELM+ NON-PROLET>IAN POPULATION T[>DS !SE REVOLUTION>Y =CES4 ,ON ?IS QUE/ION1 ! ,ITALIAN LEFT WAS COMPLETELY ) ,TROTSKY - BUT = MOTIVES ?AT HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) LAT] 0,TROTSKYISM04 ,!SE EPISODES ( ABUSE DID NOT HURT ! NON-,M>XI/ DEM& = 0DEMOCRATIC RESPECT = GRASSROOTS CONSULTATION01 !Y HURT ! ,M>XI/ DOCTR9E ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y DICTATOR%IP DOES NOT HAVE AS PHYSICAL & CONCRETE SUBJECT ! PEOPLE1 NOR EV5 ! NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS 9 G5]AL1 BUT ! 9T]NATIONAL & HI/ORICAL COMMUNI/ P>TY4 

,! PA? ( ! REVOLUTION ?AT RETREAT$ FROM ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION TO ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION WAS !N M>K$ BY ! MANEUV]S 9FLICT$ BY HI/ORY - & NOT BY ! CAPRICE ( ! 0NON-COLLEGIATE0 ,/AL91 NOR BY ! DEFAM$ 0CAPITULATORS ( ! ,RI<T0 - AT ! MA*9E ( ! ,RUSSIAN /ATE4 ,:5 ,RI<T & ,LEFT SAW ?AT MO/ ( ! ,BOL%EVIK TRADITION & WORLD COMMUNISM WAS 9 DANG]1 !Y UNIT$1 BUT BELAT$LY1 AFT] HAV+ SUFF]$ ! 5D ( ! ,CURIATII - 9 ! ORD] ,TROTSKY1 ,Z9OVIEV1 ,BUKH>9 - 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,/AL9I/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION ?AT ULTIMATELY KILL$ !M4 

,SO LET US NOT BE A/ONI%$ IF WE REHABILITATE ,BUKH>91 NOT ( ! ACCUSATION ( HAV+ BE5 AN AG5T ( ! =EIGN B\RGEOISIES - A *>GE ?AT ! DISGU/+ EXT]M9ATORS !MSELVES HAD TO SWALL[ AS ! 9SANE :O EAT !IR [N %IT - BUT ( ! /RONG CRITICISMS ?AT ,TROTSKY HIMSELF ADDRESS$ TO ! FAM\S 0,5RI* Y\RSELVES604 

  

,M>XI/ ,APPEAL TO ! ,DIALECTICS 

,! FIR/ EXIG5CE ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC WAS TO SURVIVE1 EI!R BY MEANS ( ! WORLD REVOLUTION OR BY ! 0EXI/5TIAL0 MEANS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE & ! PEOPLE ( ,RUSSIA2 & ?IS DEM& DOM9ATES ! T]RIBLE HI/ORICAL DILEMMA ( #a#i#b#f4 ,WE %[$ 9 DUE TIME ?AT IF ,BUKH>9 FOLL[$ ,/AL9 9 ?IS HI/ORICAL ORI5TATION IT WAS BECAUSE HE CONCEIV$ ( ?IS )DRAWAL AS A /R5G!N+ ( ,RUSSIA 9 VIEW ONLY ( A GIGANTIC 0REVOLUTION>Y0 W> AGA9/ ALL ! CAPITALI/ /ATES ?AT W]E TRAMPL+ ON ! ,EUROPEAN WORK+ CLASS4 ,& IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT EV5 ,/AL9 PROCLAIM$ SU* A P]SPECTIVE ON ! EVE ( ! ,SECOND ,IMP]IALI/ ,CONFLICT 9 :I* HE HAD ! BRILLIANT IDEA ( APPLY+ ! SAME POLICY AGA9/ ! IMP]IALI/ /ATES AS HE HAD US$ AGA9/ ! 9T]NAL 0FRACTIONS03 EXT]M9ATE !M 9 SEV]AL /AGES & REMA9 ! SOLE VICTOR LIKE ,HORATIUS ,COCLES6 ,/RAY$ \T ( ! WAY ( ! P>TY & ( ! DOCTR9E T[>DS :I* HE MANIFE/$ A CONG5ITAL IMPOT5CE ONCE HE C\LD NO LONG] 0/EAL0 ! IDEAS FROM ! CORPSES1 ,/AL91 ONCE DEAD1 PAID DE>LY = ALL ?IS BY ! HUMILIATION ?AT HE RECEIV$ FROM ?OSE :O ! ,/ATE ,MON/]S ( ,CAPITAL DID NOT WANT TO KILL BUT TO IMITATE 9 A COMMON RACE TO ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORLD1 H& 9 H&1 EV5 IF !Y HAVE ! FAI? ( ! ?IEVES ( ,PISA4 

,SO ! ECONOMIC PROBLEM IS TO SURVIVE4 ,:I* MEANS1 AS WE HAVE SAID1 F9D+ A =MULA TO TRULY CONNECT 9DU/RY & L& - & WE KN[ ! MEAN+ ( ! TRANSITION FROM ! =MULA ( ,W> ,COMMUNISM TO ! =MULA ( ! ,N,E,P1 FROM ! FIR/ TO ! SECOND /AGE4 ,IT IS N[ A QUE/ION ( UND]/&+ ! DEVELOPM5T BETWE5 ! SECOND & ! ?IRD /AGE1 /AGES ( :I* WE HAVE GIV5 ?IS S]IES4 

,C5T]1 ,LEFT1 & ,RI<T W]E1 9 #a#i#b#g1 FIRMLY ATTA*$ TO ! !ORY ( ,L593 ?AT AGRICULTURE UND] ! =M ( SMALL 5T]PRISES IS ! DEA? ( ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION4 

,L59 WAS 9DE$ =C$ TO ACCEPT1 FROM A ,M>XI/ VIEWPO9T1 ! ANTI-,M>XI/ PROGRAM ( ! ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,HE ACCEPT$ ?IS )\T HID+ IT1 )\T CEAS+ TO %[ ?AT IT WAS RADICALLY ANTI-,M>XI/4 ,ONLY !N W]E ! ,BOL%EVIKS ABLE TO TAKE P[] & LAY ! BASES = ! F\NDATION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES ( ! WORLD - ,P>IS WAS WELL WOR? ?IS ,MASS4 ,H[EV]1 ! SY/EM ( PETTY PRODUCTION HAD EXP&$ BY ITSELF2 :I* MEANS ?AT ! POT5TIAL ( ! C\NTRYSIDE HAD TAK5 HUGE /EPS BACKW>D1 BO? TE*NICAL & POLITICAL4 

,! =MULA ( SLAV]Y ( ! PEASANTS BY ! WORK]S' /ATE1 FOOLI%LY ADVANC$ BY SOME MEMB]S ( ! 0,LEFT01 HAD FAIL$4 ,FROM ONE :O DOES NOT PRODUCE1 FIR/ BECAUSE HE CANNOT1 !N ALSO BECAUSE HE DOES NOT WANT1 NO?+ CAN BE GA9$2 NEI!R BY CO]CION NOR BY EXPROPRIATION NOR BY MURD]4 

,& YET ! DILEMMA REMA9$3 EI!R />VE OR BREAK \T ( RURAL FRAGM5TATION4 

,! NATIONALIZATION ( ! L&1 & EV5 MORE ! /ATIZATION ( L& [N]%IP1 S]VES ONLY TO PREV5T ! =MATION ( A NEW AGR>IAN 0GREAT PROP]TY04 ,UN=TUNATELY1 = ! SAME REASON1 IT 5DS UP PREV5T+ ! PASSAGE ( ! SMALL TO ! BIG 05T]PRISE01 & IT LOCKS ! L& 9 ! TE*NICAL LIMITATIONS ( ITS CULTURE4 ,BUT EV]YONE WANTS ! BIG AGRICULTURAL 5T]PRISE ?AT ! 9DU/RY C\LD DEVELOP BY PROVID+ IT ) NEW EQUIPM5T - ON ! CONDITION ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S BE F$6 

,TROTSKY & ,Z9OVIEV REMA9 ON ! GR\ND ( ,L593 TO PASS1 )\T CO]CION IF POSSIBLE1 ! V]Y SMALL PEASANT 5T]PRISE TO 5T]PRISES :]E ! COLLECTIVE WORK IS DIRECT$ BY ! ,/ATE 7! SOVKHOZES71 ?AT IS TO SAY ) ! ,/ATE-[N$ L& & ! ,/ATE'S EX]CISE ( CAPITAL 7& SO !Y >E = 9T5SE 9DU/RIALIZATION74 

,/AL9 WANTS TO ALL[1 BY D5ATIONALIZ+ ! L&1 ! RE=M ( VA/ L& POSSESSIONS :]E A BIG F>M] ORGANIZES COLLECTIVE PRODUCTION1 OBVI\SLY ) EMPLOYES1 ! R5T GO+ TO ! [N]4 

  

0,5RI* Y\RSELVES60 

,BUKH>9 DEF5DS1 LIKE ! ,LEFT1 ! LEGAL NATIONALIZATION & IS NOT = FREE PROP]TY4 ,! LATT] IS A SAFEGU>D POSITION NOT TO FALL BACK 9TO ! PA/ & NOT LOSE P[]4 ,BUT HE UND]/&S ?AT = BIG 9DU/RY Y\ NE$ BIG CAPITAL4 ,HE SEES ?AT ! 9DU/RY CAN H>DLY />T PRODUC+ MANUFACTUR$ CONSUM] GOODS 79 ADDITION TO ! PRODUCTION ( GOODS = MILIT>Y USE1 NECESS>Y = ! COM+ CONFLICT1 = HIM 0(F5SIVE0 - HIS DREAM REJECT$ BY ,L59 AT ! TIME ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK71 AT MO/ IT CAN PRODUCE CAPITAL GOODS TO EXP& ! 9DU/RY ITSELF1 BUT NOT TO TRANS=M AGRICULTURE4 ,HIS =MULA IS ?AT ! L& REMA9S 9 ! /ATE BUT ! AGR>IAN CAPITAL IS =M$ \TSIDE ( IT4 

,TRADE & ! ,N4,E4,P4 HAD ALREADY GIV5 RISE TO CAPITAL ACCUMULATION1 BUT 9 ! H&S ( TRAD]S1 SPECULATORS :O W]E NO LONG] LEGALLY SMUGGL]S BUT ,NEPM51 HAT$ BY ! PEASANTS 7BUT MO/LY BECAUSE ( ! REACTION>Y ATTA*M5T ( ! LATT] TO ! MANAGEM5T ( ! PLOT74 ,?IS CAPITAL1 ?REAT5$ BO? SOCIALLY & POLITICALLY1 IS /]ILE FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( PRODUCTION & ! IMPROVEM5T ( ITS TE*NICAL POT5TIAL4 

,BUKH>91 :O WAS (T5 MOCK$ BY HIS MA/] ,L591 KN[S HIS ,CAPITAL P]FECTLY4 ,HE KN[S ?AT ! CLASSICAL PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION WAS BORN ( ! AGR>IAN R5T1 AS 9 ,5GL& & ELSE:]E1 & IT IS FROM ?IS ORIG9 ?AT ! 0BASES0 ( SOCIALISM W]E BORN4 ,HE IS N\RI%$ BY O!R CORRECT !ORIES3 ?AT IT IS MADNESS TO ?9K ( HAV+ A TREM5D\SLY EXP&+ BUS9ESS1 TO TREAT 9 A M]CANTILE =M1 AS ,TROTSKY JU/IFIES IT1 ! 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION ITSELF1 & NOT TO SEE ! GR[? ( CAPITALI/ =MS1 /ATE OR PRIVATE1 BUT ALWAYS CAPITALI/4 ,IF 9 9DU/RY PASS+ FROM PRIVATE =MS TO /ATE =MS REPRES5T A PROGRESS 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 YET !RE IS NO CAPITAL1 NEI!R PRIVATE NOR [N$ BY ! ,/ATE1 IT IS LAU<ABLE TO ?9K ?AT ONE CAN HAVE NOT ONLY SOCIALISM BUT EV5 SIMPLY ! /ATIZATION ( CAPITAL4 

,BUKH>9 IS 9 L9E NOT ONLY ) ,M>X BUT ALSO ) ,L594 ,9 ! C\NTRYSIDE Y\ HAVE TO GO FROM =M #b TO =M #c3 FROM PEASANT PETTY PRODUCTION TO PRIVATE CAPITALISM4 

,! L& REMA9S 9 ! ,/ATE1 & ! PEASANT RI* 09 L&0 DISAPPE>S 7IT IS NOT TRUE ?AT ,BUKH>9 & HIS PEOPLE DEF5D$ ! KULAK71 BUT IT IS ! 0F>M] ( ! ,/ATE0 ?AT APPE>S & ! LATT]1 ) ITS WORK+ CAPITAL & ITS EMPLOYES 79 =MS :I* >E NOT RADICALLY DIFF]5T FROM ! WAGE-E>N+ ( ,/ATE-CONTROLL$ & !N [N$ FACTORIES71 IT PRODUCES ON ITS [N L& A V]Y L>GE MASS ( PRODUCTS = ! G5]AL ECONOMY1 & IT PAYS ! R5T TO ! /ATE & NO LONG] TO ! =M] L&[N]4 

,= ! SIZE ( ! AV]AGE 5T]PRISE TO GR[ IT IS NE$$1 CLE>LY1 ?AT ! AV]AGE 5T]PRISE CAPITAL GR[S AS WELL AS ! NUMB] ( RURAL PROLET>IANS4 ,?IS RESULT CANNOT BE A*IEV$ IF ! AGR>IAN 5TREPR5EUR DOES NOT ACCUMULATE & BECOME L>G]4 ,ANO!R CORRECT !SIS1 FIRM 9 ! 9TELLIG5T M9D ( ,BUKH>91 WAS ?IS3 NO ,/ATE HAS ! FUNCTION ( 0BUILD+0 & ORGANIZ+1 BUT ONLY ( =BIDD+1 OR ( /OPP+ =BIDD+4 ,BY CEAS+ TO =BID ! ACCUMULATION ( SOCIAL AGR>IAN CAPITAL 7,M>X3 ! CAPITAL ?AT IS ACCUMULAT$ BY 9DIVIDUALS IS ONLY P>T ( ! SOCIAL CAPITAL7 ! COMMUNI/ /ATE TAKES A %ORT] R\TE TO CLIMB ! SCALE ( =MS1 ! LADD] ( ,L594 

,! =MULA1 ! =M ( SOCIAL /RUCTURE ?AT EM]G$ FROM HI/ORY1 ! KOLKHOZ1 LEADS LESS RAPIDLY FROM PEASANT FRAGM5TATION ?AN ! SOLUTION PROPOS$ BY ,TROTSKY 7& ,L5971 & ESPECIALLY ?AT ( ,BUKH>9 - & BY AFFIRM+ ?IS WE DO NOT SAY ?AT !RE WAS A *OICE BETWE5 ?REE POSSIBILITIES :5 ! CONTROV]SY EXPLOD$4 ,& ?IS =MULA ( ! KOLKHOZ WAS NOT 9V5T$ BY ,/AL91 :O WAS ONLY A FABRICATOR ( =MULAS A PO/]IORI ) DEMAGOGIC EFFECT 9 :I* !RE IS NO G5IUS 7:I* NE$S P>TIES & NOT HEADS 9 MOD]N HI/ORY1 & P]HAPS EV]7 BUT GREAT POLITICAL =CE4 

,YES1 ! BRAVE ,BUKH>9 %\T$3 0,5RI* Y\RSELVES60 ,BUT ,/AL9 DID MU* WORSE & WAS AB\T TO %\T3 0,MAKE MONEY FROM ! L&6 ,LEAVE US ONLY ! 9DU/RIAL ,/ATE1 ! >M$ =CE604 ,HE DID NOT UND]/& ?AT :OEV] HAS ! L& HAS ! ,/ATE4 

,! PHRASE ( ,BUKH>91 :I* EV]YONE REMEMB]S )\T BE+ ABLE TO RECON/RUCT ITS DOCTR9E 7IT IS DIFFICULT TO DO SO FROM ! TEXTS71 HAS ?IS SCOPE3 0,WE OP5 ! DOORS ( ! L& ( ! ,/ATE TO Y\2 5RI* Y\RSELVES ) CAPITAL ( ! AGR>IAN 5T]PRISE1 & ! MOM5T WE EXPROPRIATE Y\ FROM :AT Y\ HAVE ACCUMULAT$ WILL >RIVE MORE QUICKLY1 PASS+ ALSO 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE TO /EP F\R3 ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM04 

,= ! FIF? /EP1 ,SOCIALISM1 ONE NE$S NEI!R LAWS NOR ,CONGRESS DEBATES1 BUT ONLY ONE =CE3 ! ,WORLD ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUKH>9 DID NOT UND]/& IT !N & ?IS WAS S]I\S4 

,/AL9 US$ ,BUKH>9'S !SIS TO DEFEAT ! ,M>XI/ ,LEFT4 ,:5 ,BUKH>9 SAW ?AT HI/ORY PU%$ ,/AL9 NOT TO *OOSE R\TES TO ECONOMIC ,SOCIALISM BUT TO BR+ ! POLITICAL /ATE BACK TO ! CAPITALI/ FUNCTIONS1 BO? 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL1 !RE WAS NO LONG] ANY DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! ,RI<T & ! ,LEFT1 NO?+ REMA9$ RI<T ( ! ,C5T]1 & ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XI/S W]E1 = REASONS ( PR9CIPLE MU* DEEP] & MORE P[]FUL1 AGA9/ ,/AL94 ,!Y W]E C]TA9LY VANQUI%$1 BUT !Y BELONG TO ! F]TILE S]IES ( ALL CRU%$ REVOLUTIONS :OSE REV5GE WILL COME1 A REV5GE ?AT CAN ONLY BE GLOBAL4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,! ,SOLUTION ( ,BUKH>9 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,SOLUTION ( ,BUKH>9 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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