,*APT] #aa ,CONCLUD+ ,REM>KS #aiY UPRIS+2 ?AT ! W> ON ! P59SULA WAS TO BECOME 9EXTRICABLY TI$ TO ,EUROPEAN P[] POLITICS2 ?AT IJPA9 WAS TO 5DURE ?REE TORM5T+ YE>S ( 9T]NEC9E CONFLICT--ALL ( !SE EV5TS BELONG TO ! CONV5TIONAL HI/ORIES ( ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,)\T 5T]+ 9TO A DISCUSSION AT ?IS TIME ( ! ,AN>*I/ COLLECTIVES & ! EXP]IM5TS 9 WORK]S' CONTROL ( 9DU/RY ?AT DEVELOP$ 9 ! LATT] HALF ( #a#i#c#f1 WE MU/ TRY TO ASSESS ! MEAN+ ( ! EV5TS REC\NT$ 9 ?IS VOLUME4 ,:AT WAS ! PLACE ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ! L>G] HI/ORY ( PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM8 ,:AT W]E ITS POSSIBILITIES--& ITS LIMITS8 ,>E ! ORGANIZATIONAL =MS DEVELOP$ BY ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I RELEVANT TO RADICAL MOVEM5TS 9 \R [N TIME8 ,TODAY1 LONG AFT] ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS DE/ROY$ BY ,FRANCO1 !SE BEGUIL+ QUE/IONS L+] ON4 ,! MOVEM5T /ILL HAUNTS US--NOT ONLY AS A NOBLE DREAM OR P]HAPS A TRAGIC MEMORY1 BUT AS A FASC9AT+ TE/ ( LIB]T>IAN !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,AL?\< ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM WAS VIRTUALLY UNKN[N TO RADICALS ABROAD DUR+ ! 0H]OIC YE>S0 ( ITS DEVELOPM5T1 IT C\LD BE >GU$ 9 ALL E>NE/NESS ?AT IT M>K$ ! MO/ MAGNIFIC5T FL[]+ &1 9 ! CURI\S DIALECTIC ( SU* PROCESSES1 ! DEF9ITIVE 5D1 ( ! C5TURY-LONG HI/ORY ( PROLET>IAN ,SOCIALISM4 ,! EM]G5CE ( ! WORK+'CLASS1 SPECIFICALLY ( ! ,P>ISIAN PROLET>IAT1 AS A REVOLUTION>Y =CE ON ! ,JUNE B>RICADES ( #ahdh HAD TOTALLY *ANG$ ! L&SCAPE ( E>LI] RADICAL !ORY4 ,UNTIL ?AT EV5T1 CRITICAL VIEWS ( SOCIETY HAD BE5 %AP$ BY ! NOTION ( A BROAD POPULI/ CONFLICT BETWE5 AN 5TR5*$ M9ORITY ( OPPRESSORS & A DOM9AT$ MASS ( OPPRESS$4 ,RADICALS G5]ALLY CONCEIV$ ( !SE POL>IZ$ SEGM5TS ( SOCIETY 9 V]Y ILL-DEF9$ T]MS4 ,UND] ! RUBRIC ( ! 0PEOPLE0 7LE PEUPLE71 !Y FA%ION$ A BROAD CON/ITU5CY 9 :I* HIIEGAT$1 LAT] HI/ORICALLY HO/ILE1 /RATA SU* AS CRAFTSM51 FACTORY WORK]S1 PEASANTS1 PR(ESSIONALS1 PETTY M]*ANTS1 & 5TREPR5EURS ( SMALL 9DU/RIAL 9/ALLATIONS W]E CEM5T$ BY A COMMON OPPRESSION AT ! H&S ( MON>*S1 >I/OCRATS1 & ! WEAL?IE/ SECTORS ( COMM]CIAL1 F9ANCIAL1 & 9DU/RIAL CLASSES4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ! 0PEOPLE0 W]E UNIT$ MORE BY ! SOCIAL ELEM5TS !Y OPPOS$ ?AN BY AN AU!NTIC COMMUNITY ( %>$ ECONOMIC 9T]E/S4 ,9 ! OP5+ YE>S ( ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ( #a#g#h#i1 ! 0PEOPLE0 WAS ACTUALLY A COALITION RA!R ?AN A CLASS4 ,AS ! REVOLUTION UNFOLD$1 ?IS COALITION BEGAN TO DIS9TEGRATE4 ,L(TY UTOPIAN IDEALS BAS$ ON LIB]TY & EQUALITY C\LD NOT SUPPRESS ANTAGONISMS ?AT CRAFTSM5 FELT = !IR ]/:ILE M]*ANT ALLIES OR FACTORY WORK]S = !IR EMPLOY]S4 ,NOR W]E !SE IDEALS SUFFICI5T TO TEMP] ! N>R[ P>O*IALISM ( ! PEASANTRY & ! EGOTI/ICAL ASPIRATIONS = ADVANCEM5T ON ! P>T ( ! PR(ESSIONALS4 0,NATIONHOOD10 0PATRIOTISM10 & ! REPUBLICAN VIRTUES ?AT 9H]$ 9 ! CONCEPT ( 0CITIZ5%IP0 B>ELY CONCEAL$ ! WID5+ ANTAGONISMS & DIV]G+ 9T]E/S ?AT COEXI/$ )9 ! SO-CALL$ 0,?IRD ,E/ATE10--A T]M1 IT IS WOR? NOT+1 ?AT WAS 9ITIALLY BORR[$ FROM FEUDALISM 9 ORD] TO OPPOSE FEUDALISM4 ,! ,JUNE #ahdh RIS+ ( ! ,P>ISIAN PROLET>IAT REPLAC$ ! POPULI/ /RUGGLE ) ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 DISPELL+ ! TRADITIONAL MY/IQUE ( ! 0PEOPLE10 ! 0NATION10 & ! 0CITIZ540 ,IT WAS N[ CLE> ?AT ! POPUL> COALITIONS AGA9/ PRE-9DU/RIAL ELITES EMBODI$ HO/ILE CLASSES4 ,A 0SCI5TIFIC0 SOCIALISM1 DIVE/$ ( ANY MORAL OR E?ICAL CONT5T1 BEGAN TO REPLACE ! E?ICALLY *>G$ POPULI/ & UTOPIAN SOCIALISM ?AT HAD BE5 BORN 9 ! LATE YE>S ( ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & ITS AFT]MA?4 0,SURPLUS VALUE0 WAS AN 9CREM5T UNIQUE 9 =M3 ! B\RGEOISIE ACQUIR$ IT NOT BY ! =CIBLE APPROPRIATION ( SURPLUS LABOR & ( ! LABOR]S !MSELVES BUT BY ! SEEM+LY FAIR EXHANGE ( LABOR P[] = WAGES ON ! OP5 M>KET4 ,WORK]S W]E NO LONG] SLAVES OR S]FS2 !Y W]E JURIDICALLY 0FREE0 & H5CE REPRES5T$ AN HI/ORICALLY UNPREC$5T$ TYPE ( OPPRESS$ CLASS4 ,LACK+ ! 9DU/RIAL FACILITIES :I* W]E [N$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 !Y W]E FREE TO WORK--OR1 ( C\RSE1 TO />VE4 0,LIB]TY0 9 BECOM+ A POLITICAL REALITY1 HAD ONLY BE5 R5D]$ EV5 MORE ( AN ECONOMIC FICTION4 ,BY ! M]E POSSESSION ( 9DU/RIAL FACILITIES ?AT W]E TOO L>GE TO BELONG TO ! TOOL KIT ( ! TRADITIONAL CRAFTSM51 ! B\RGEOISIE 7ITSELF A UNIQUE HI/ORICAL CLASS7 HAD EM]G$1 & BY ! M]E WORK+S ( ! FREE M>KET 9 LABOR P[]1 ?IS CLASS WAS ABLE TO 5SN>E ! PROLET>IAT 9 A SKE9 ( SUBS]VI5CE1 EXPROPRIATION1 & EXPLOITATION4 ,EV]YONE 9 SOCIETY WAS 0FREE0 & 0EQUAL02 9DE$1 ?IS V]Y 0FRE$OM0 TO [N PROP]TY )\T RE/RICTION & ! 0EQUALITY0 ( A FAIR EX*ANGE ( LABOR P[] = WAGES CONCEAL$ ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ! WORK]S TO CAPITAL AS AN 9EVITABLE PROCESS4.<#d#g.> ,! 0FREE M>KET0 ALSO MADE 9EVITABLE ! RADICALIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! ONGO+ COMPETITION BETWE5 0FREE 5TREPR5EURS10 EA* SEEK+ TO CAPTURE AN 9CREAS+ PORTION ( ! M>KET1 9VOLV$ A RU?LESS PROCESS ( PRICE-CUTT+ & CAPITAL ACCUMULATION1 CONCOMITANTLY LEAD+ TO OV]ALL R$UCTIONS 9 ! WAGES ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,EV5TUALLY1 ! WORK+ CLASS W\LD BECOME SO IMPOV]I%$ ?AT IT W\LD BE DRIV5 TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,M>X GAVE NO CR$5CE TO ! NOTION ?AT ! PROLET>IAT W\LD REVOLT UND] ! IMPULSE ( HI<-M9D$ IDEALS4 0,:5 SOCIALI/ WRIT]S ASCRIBE ?IS REVOLUTION>Y HI/ORIC ROLE TO ! PROLET>IAT10 HE OBS]VES1 IT IS NOT 444 BECAUSE !Y CONSID] ! PROLET>IANS AS GODS4 ,RA!R ! CONTR>Y4 ,S9CE ! AB/RACTION ( ALL HUMANITY1 EV5 ( ! SEMBLANCE ( HUMANITY1 IS PRACTICALLY COMPLETE 9 ! FULL-GR[N PROLET>IAT . S9CE ALL ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE ( ! PROLET>IAT SUM UP ALF ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE ( SOCIETY TODAY 9 ALL !IR 9HUMAN ACUITY2 S9CE MAN HAS LO/ HIMSELF 9 ! PROLET>IAT1 YET AT ! SAME TIME HAS NOT ONLY GA9$ !ORETICAL CONSCI\SNESS ( ?AT LOSS1 BUT ?R\< URG5T1 NO LONG] DISGUISABLE1 ABSOLUTELY IMP]ATIVE NE$--?AT PRACTICAL EXPRESSION ( NECESSITY--IS DRIV5 DIRECTLY TO REVOLT AGA9/ ?AT 9HUMANITY4444 ,NOT 9 VA9 DOES IT GO ?R\< ! /]N BUT /EEL+ S*OOL ( LABOR4 ,! QUE/ION IS NOT :AT ?IS OR ?AT PROLET>IAN1 OR EV5 ! :OLE ( ! PROLET>IAT AT ! MOM5T CONSID]S AS ITS AIM4 ,! QUE/ION IS :AT ! PROLET>IAT IS1 & :AT1 CONSEQU5T ON ?AT BE+1 IT WILL BE COMPELL$ TO DO4.<#d#h.> ,ACCORD+LY1 SOCIALISM BECOMES 0SCI5TIFIC0 & DEVELOPS AS A SCI5CE' ( 0PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM0 BECAUSE ( :AT ! PROLET>IAT 0WILL BE COMPELL$ TO DO1"90 NOT BECAUSE IT IS COMPOS$ ( 0GODS40 ,M>X1 MOREOV]1 IMP>T$ ?IS REVOLUTION>Y FUNCTION TO ! 0FULL-GR[N PROLET>IAT10 NOT TO DECLASSE PEASANTS :O HAD BE5 REMOV$ FROM ! L& OR TO IMPOV]I%$ CRAFTSM51 ! SOCIAL /RATA ) :I* ! CAPITALI/ CLASS WAS TO MAN ! FACTORIES & MILLS ( 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4 ,UNLESS EV5TS PAT5TLY =C$ ,M>X TO ACKN[L$GE ! RADICAL TRAITS & 9SURRECTION>Y VOLATILITY ( !SE DECLASSE ELEM5TS1 HE G5]ALLY VIEW$ SU* /RATA AS ! ALTE S*EISSE 7! 0OLD %IT071 L+]+ OV] FROM ! =MATIVE ]A ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM4 ,! HOPES ( 0PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM0 LAY PRIM>ILY 9 ! 0FULL-GR[N0 PROLET>IAT ( MOD]N 9DU/RY1 0A CLASS ALWAYS 9CREAS+ 9 NUMB]S1 & DISCIPL9$1 UNIT$1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! V]Y ME*ANISM ( ! PROCESS ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION ITSELF40 ,PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM1 9 EFFECT1 WAS MEANT TO DEMY/IFY ! NOTION ( ! 0PEOPLE0 AS A HOMOG5E\S REVOLUTION>Y MASS & TO DEMON/RATE ?AT BELIEFS SU* AS 0LIB]TY0 & 0EQUALITY0 C\LD NOT BE DIVORC$ FROM ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,YET )9 ?IS V]Y PROCESS ( DEMY/IFICATION1 ,M>XISM G5]AT$ A NUMB] ( HIIAN SOCIALISM ITSELF4 ,! ,JUNE B>RICADES ( #ahdh HAD 9 FACT BE5 MANN$ NOT BY AN 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT 0DISCIPL9$1 UNIT$1 & ORGANIZ$ BY ! PROCESS ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION10 BUT BY CRAFTSM51 HOME-WORK]S1 NONDESCRIPT LABOR]S ( EV]Y SORT1 PORT]S1 UNEMPLOY$ URBAN & RURAL POOR1 EV5 TAV]N KEEP]S1 WAIT]S1 & PRO/ITUTES--9 %ORT1 ! FLOTSAM & JETSAM ( ,FR5* SOCIETY :I* ! RUL+ CLASSES HAD HABITUALLY DESIGNAT$ AS CANAILLE4 ,!SE V]Y SAME ELEM5TS1 NE>LY A QU>T] ( A C5TURY LAT]1 W]E TO MAN ! B>RICADES ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE4 ,IT WAS PRECISELY ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( ,FRANCE AFT] ! ,COMMUNE--& ) ?IS PROCESS1 ! EM]G5CE ( A 0FULL-GR[N0 H]$IT>Y PROLET>IAT 0DISCIPL9$1 UNIT$1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! PROCESS ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION0--?AT F9ALLY WAS TO SIL5CE ! 0CR[+0 ( ! ,FR5* 0,R$ ,COCK0 ?AT HAD SUMMON$ ,EUROPE TO REVOLUTION DUR+ ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,9DE$1 MU* ! SAME C\LD BE SAID ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT ( #a#i#a#g1 SO REC5TLY RECRUIT$ FROM ! C\NTRYSIDE ?AT IT WAS ANY?+ BUT A 0FULL-GR[N0 WORK+ CLASS4 ,! GREAT PROLET>IAN 9SURRECTIONS ?AT SEEM$ TO L5D SU* COMPELL+ SUPPORT TO ! CONCEPT ( PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM W]E FUEL$ PRIM>ILY BY SOCIAL /RATA ?AT LIV$ )9 NEI!R 9DU/RIAL NOR VILLAGE SOCIETY BUT 9 ! T5SE1 ALMO/ ELECTRIFY+ =CE-FIELD ( BO?4 ,PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM BECAME A REVOLUTION>Y =CE = NE>LY A C5TURY NOT BECAUSE A WELL-ORGANIZ$1 CONSOLIDAT$1 H]$IT>Y PROLET>IAT HAD EM]G$ ) ! FACTORY SY/EM BUT BECAUSE ( ! V]Y PROCESS ( PROLET>IANIZATION4 ,DISPOSSESS$ RURAL PEOPLE & CRAFTSM5 W]E BE+ REMOV$ FROM A DIS9TEGRAT+ PRE9DU/RIAL WAY ( LIFE & PLUNG$ 9TO /&>DIZ$1 DEHUMANIZ+1 & ME*ANIZ$ URBAN & 9DU/RIAL SURR\ND+S4 ,NEI!R ! VILLAGE & SMALL %OP AS SU* NOR ! FACTORY AS SU* PR$ISPOS$ !M TO ! BOLDE/ K9D ( SOCIAL ACTION2 RA!R1 !Y W]E MOV$ BY ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ! =M] & ! %OCK ( ! LATT]4 ,DEMORALIZ$ TO ! PO9T ( RECKLESSNESS1 DECLASSE 9 SPIRIT & (T5 9 FACT1 !Y BECAME ! ADH]5TS ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 ! ,PETROGRAD SOVIETS1 & ! ,B>CELONA ,C,N,T4 ,! V]Y 0HALF-GR[N0 QUALITY ( ! E>LY PROLET>IAT1 =M]LY PEASANTS & CRAFTSM5 OR P]HAPS A G5]ATION REMOV$ FROM SU* /ATUS1 PRODUC$ A VOLATILITY1 9TRACTABILITY1 & BOLDNESS ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL SY/EM & FACTORY HI]>*Y WAS TO ATT5UATE 9 !IR DESC5DANTS--! H]$IT>Y PROLET>IAT ( ! #a#i#dS & #a#i#eS1 A CLASS ?AT KNEW NO O!R WORLD BUT ! 9DU/RIAL ONE4 ,= ?IS CLASS1 NO T5SION WAS TO EXI/ BETWE5 T[N & C\NTRY1 ! ANOMIE ( ! CITY & ! S5SE ( %>$ RESPONSIBILITY ( ! SMALL COMMUNITY1 ! /&>DIZ$ RY?MNS ( ! FACTORY & ! PHYSIOLOGICAL RHY?MS ( ! L&4 ,! PREMISES ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ?IS LAT] ]A W]E =M$ >\ND ! VALIDITY ( ! FACTORY AS AN >5A ( PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY1 ! 9DU/RIAL HI]>*Y AS A SY/EM ( TE*NICAL AU?ORITY1 & ! UNION BUREAUCRACY AS A /RUCTURE ( CLASS COMM&4 ,! ]A ( PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM CAME TO AN 5D 9 A /EP-BY-/EP PROCESS DUR+ :I* ! 0HALF-GR[N10 PRESUMABLY 0PRIMITIVE10 PROLET>IAT BECAME 0FULL-GR[N10 0MATURE0--9 %ORT1 FULLY PROLET>IANIZ$4 ,! PROLET>IAT1 9 EFFECT1 BECAME PSY*OLOGICALLY & SPIRITUALLY P>T ( ! V]Y SOCIAL SY/EM IT HAD BE5 DE/9$1 ACCORD+ TO ,M>XIAN PRECEPT1 TO OV]?R[4 ,PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM1 NOT SURPRIS+LY1 BECAME AN 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ MOVEM5T = ! 9DU/RIAL MOBILIZATION ( LABOR1 L>GELY ECONOMI/IC 9 ITS GOALS2 IT SOLIDIFI$ 9TO LABOR P>TIES ?AT >TICULAT$ A PRAGMATIC LIB]ALISM1 !REBY BLUNT+ EV5 ! ,9TELLECTUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO REVOLUTION>Y IDEALS4 ,F9ALLY & MO/ DISA/R\SLY1 IT FUZ$ ) CAPITALISM'S 9H]5T HI/ORIC TR5D T[>D ECONOMIC PLANN+1 C5TRALIZ$ POLITICAL & 9DU/RIAL CONTROL1 HI]>*ICAL REGULATION1 & ECONOMIC NATIONALIZATION4 ,! SOCIALI/ IDEAL ( FRE$OM1 DIVE/$ ( ITS E?ICAL CONT5T BY 0SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM0 & BURD5$ ) ! PRAGMATIC CONSID]ATIONS ( C5TRALIZ$ PLANN+ & ECONOMIC NATIONALIZATION1 BECAME A M]E IDEOLOGICAL DEVICE = MOBILIZ+ POPUL> SUPPORT >\ND /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,IF ONLY BECAUSE ( ! ELEM5T ( TIME1 ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM DID NOT %>E ! HI/ORIC FATE ( PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM4 ,9DE$1 IT MAY V]Y WELL HAVE =M$ ! LA/ /EP 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM BE=E ! LATT]'S DE/9Y AS A V>IANT ( /ATE-CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGY BECAME EVID5T4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ! LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION ( ,JULY #aicf SEEM$ TO HAVE GA!R$ TO ITSELF MANY ( ! NOBLE QUALITIES ?AT W]E ONLY P>TIALLY DEVELOP$ 9 E>LI] UPRIS+S ( ! WORK]'S MOVEM5T4 ,9 ,JULY #a#i#c#f1 ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I W]E SUFFICI5TLY 9DEP5D5T AS A WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 C]TA9LY BY COMP>ISON ) ! ,SOCIALI/S & ,P,\,M1 TO MAKE ,B>CELONA ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y CITY 9 ,SPA94 ,NO O!R L>GE URBAN >EA WAS TO A*IEVE ! SOCIAL GOALS ( REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM AS FULLY1 TO COLLECTIVIZE 9DU/RY AS RESOLUTELY1 & TO FO/] COMMUNAL =MS ( L& MANAGEM5T AS EXT5SIVELY AS ,B>CELONA & ITS 5VIRONS4 ,ORWELL'S DESCRIPTION ( ! CITY DUR+ ?IS PHASE IS /ILL 9TOXICAT+3 ! SQU>ES & AV5UES B$ECK$ ) BLACK-&-R$ FLAGS1 ! >M$ PEOPLE1 ! SLOGANS1 ! /IRR+ REVOLUTION>Y SONGS1 ! FEV]I% 5?USIASM ( CREAT+ A NEW WORLD1 ! GLEAM+ HOPE1 & ! 9SPIR$ H]OISM4 ,YET ! LIMITS ( ?IS DEVELOPM5T BECOME PA9FULLY EVID5T IF ONE ASKS3 C\LD !RE HAVE BE5 AN ,AN>*OSYNDICALI/ SOCIETY EV5 IF ! G5]ALS HAD BE5 CRU%$ 9 #a#i#c#f8 ,APP>5TLY1 V]Y FEW S]I\S ,AN>*I/ !ORETICIANS SEEM TO HAVE BELIEV$ ?IS4 ,A MIX$ ECONOMY1 YES--AL?\< H[ LONG ! REVOLUTION>Y F]VOR ( ! MORE ASCETIC COMMUNI/IC COLLECTIVES MIKET ECONOMY IS DIFFICULT TO PR$ICT4 ,:E!R A COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION C\LD OCCUR 9 AN 9DU/RIALLY UNDEVELOP$ C\NTRY--9DE$1 :E!R SU* A REVOLUTION MIILY UND] MAT]IALLY DEM&+ CONDITIONS ( LIFE--HAS NEV] BE5 A MATT] ( DISPUTE BETWE5 ,M>X & ! ,AN>*I/S4.<#d#i.> ,:E!R SU* A REVOLUTION C\LD P]MAN5TLY E/ABLI% A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 H[EV]1 IS QUITE ANO!R MATT]4 ,9 A WORK CALL$ ,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION1 WRITT5 %ORTLY BE=E ! MILIT>Y REBELLION & WIDELY DISCUSS$ )9 ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ! DI/+UI%$ ,AN>*I/ !ORI/ ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN %[S A KE5 REALIZATION ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ?IS PROBLEM3 ,WE >E COGNIZANT ( ! FACT ?AT ! GRADE ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T & MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE 9FLU5CE P[]FULLY HUMAN PSY*OLOGY4 ,FAC$ ) />VATION1 ! 9DIVIDUAL BECOMES AN EGOI/2 ) ABUNDANCE HE MAY BECOME G5]\S 1 FRI5DLY & SOCIALLY DISPOS$4 ,ALL P]IODS ( PRIVATION & P5URY PRODUCE BRUTALITY1 MORAL REGRESSION & A FI]CE /RUGGLE ( ALL AGA9/ ALL = DAILY BREAD4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 IT IS PLA9 ?AT ECONOMICS 9FLU5CES S]I\SLY ! SPIRITUAL LIFE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & HIS SOCIAL RELATIONS4,?AT IS PRECISELY :Y WE >E AIM+ TO E/ABLI% ! BE/ POSSIBLE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS1 :I* WILL ACT AS A GU>ANTEE ( EQUAL & SOLID RELATION%IPS AMONG M54 ,WE WILL NOT /OP BE+ AN>*I/S1 ON AN EMPTY /OMA*1 BUT WE DO NOT EXACTLY LIKE TO HAVE EMPTY /OMA*S4 ,! PROBLEM ( MAT]IAL SC>CITY IS NOT M]ELY ?AT 0,MAN PITT$ AGA9/ MAN IS A WOLF & HE CAN NEV] BECOME A REAL BRO!R TO MAN1 UNLESS HE HAS MAT]IAL SECURITY10 BUT P]HAPS MORE SIGNIFICANTLY ?AT ) MAT]IAL SECURITY1 9DE$1 ) ABUNDANCE1 HUMAN BE+S CAN ALSO DISCOV] :AT !Y DO NOT NE$4 ,I REF] NOT ONLY TO MAT]IAL NE$S BUT ALSO TO SPIRITUAL ONES--NOTABLY COMPETITION1 MONEY1 & EV5 CONTRACTS & SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ?AT UND]WRITE /RICT SY/EMS ( RECIPROCITY BAS$ ON EQUIVAL5CES4 ,NO LONG] DRIV5 BY MAT]IAL 9SECURITY1 NO LONG] A CREATURE ( BRUTE NECESSITY1 ! 9DIVIDUAL CAN ADVANCE FROM ! REALM ( 0FAIRNESS10 EQUIVAL5CE1 & JU/ICE TO ! MU* HI<] MORAL REALM ( FRE$OM 9 :I* PEOPLE WORK TO ! BE/ ( !IR ABILITIES & RECEIVE ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S4 ,F9ALLY1 9 AN ABUNDANT ECONOMY ?AT CAN PROVIDE = P]SONAL NE$S ) A M9IMUM ( TOIL1 ! 9DIVIDUAL CAN ACQUIRE ! FREE TIME = SELF-CULTIVATION & FULL P>TICIPATION 9 ! DIRECT MANAGEM5T ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM REVEAL$ H[ F> PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM C\LD PRESS T[>D AN IDEAL ( FRE$OM ON MORAL PREMISES ALONE4 ,GIV5 A FAVORABLE CONJUNCTION ( EV5TS1 A REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' & PEASANTS' MOVEM5T HAD 9DE$ BE5 ABLE TO MAKE A LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION1 COLLECTIVIZE 9DU/RY1 & CREATE HI/ORICALLY UNPREC$5T$ POSSIBILITIES = ! MANAGEM5T ( ! FACTORIES & L& BY ?OSE :O WORK$ !M4 ,9DE$1 ! REVOLUTION>Y ACT ( CRU%+ ! MILIT>Y REBELLION 9 KEY CITIES ( ,SPA910 ( TAK+ DIRECT CONTROL ( ! ECONOMY1 EV5 IF UND] ! M]E COMPULSION ( EXT]NAL EV5TS1 HAD ACT$ AS A P[]FUL SPIRITUAL IMPULSE 9 ITS [N RIIAN SOCIALISM HAD PU%$ ,SPANI% SOCIETY BEYOND ANY MAT]IALLY DELIMIT+ B>RI]S 9TO A UTOPIAN EXP]IM5T ( A/ONI%+ PROPORTIONS--9TO :AT ,BURNETT ,BOLLOT5 HAS APTLY DESCRIB$ AS A 0F>-REA*+ SOCIAL REVOLUTION 444 MORE PR(\ND 94 JORNE RESPECTS ?AN ! ,BOL%EVIK REVOLUTION 9 ITS E>LY /AGES44440 ,NOT ONLY HAD WORK]S E/ABLI%$ CONTROL OV] 9DU/RY & PEASANTS =M$ FREE COLLECTIVES ON ! L&1 BUT 9 MANY 9/ANCES EV5 MONEY HAD BE5 ABOLI%$ & ! MO/ RADICAL COMMUNI/IC PRECEPTS HAD REPLAC$ B\RGEOIS CONCEPTS ( WORK1 DI/RIBUTION1 & ADM9I/RATION4 ,BUT :AT W\LD HAPP5 :5 EV]YDAY LIFE BEGAN TO FEEL ! P9* ( ECONOMIC WANT--( ! MAT]IAL PROBLEMS IMPOS$ NOT ONLY BY ! ,CIVIL ,W> BUT BY ,SPA9'S N>R[ TE*NOLOGICAL BASE8 0,COMMUNISM WILL BE ! RESULT ( ABUNDANCE10 ,SANTILLAN HAD W>N$ 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#c#f1 0)\T :I* IT WILL REMA9 ONLY AN IDEAL40 ,C\LD ! REVOLUTION>Y >DOR ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I SURM\NT ! OB/ACLES ( SC>CITY & MAT]IAL WANT 9 ! BASIC NECESSITIES ( LIFE1 OB/ACLES ?AT HAD LIMIT$ ! =W>D ?RU/ ( E>LI] REVOLUTIONS8 ,C\LD MUTUAL AID & PROLET>IAN 9ITIATIVE SURVIVE ! DRIFT T[>D EGOTISM & BUREAUCRATIZATION8 ,! ANSW]S TO !SE QUE/IONS MU/ BE DEF]R$ TO ! NEXT VOLUME1 TOGE!R ) AN ACC\NT ( ! IMPACT ( ,/AL9I/ C\NT]REVOLUTION1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! ,AN>*I/ >EAS ( ,SPA94 ,BUT ! P>ADOX CONFRONT+ ! CLASSICAL DOCTR9E ( PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM MU/ BE SE5 CLE>LY1 IF ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION IS TO HAVE ANY MEAN+ = \R TIMES4 ,PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM1 AS DOCTR9E & HI/ORIC MOVEM5T1 IS TRAPP$ BY ITS V]Y PREMISES4 ,= WORK]S TO BECOME REVOLUTION>Y AS WORK]S--AS A CLASS ( DISPOSSESS$ WAGE E>N]S 5GAG$ 9 AN IRRECONCILABLE /RUGGLE ) A CLASS ( CAPITALI/ PROP]TY-[N]S--PRESUPPOSES ! V]Y MAT]IAL WANT :I* 9 NO SMALL MEASURE PREV5TS ! PROLET>IAT FROM DIRECTLY ORGANIZ+ & CONTROLL+ SOCIETY4 ,MAT]IAL WANT1 A PRODUCT NOT ONLY ( EXPLOITATION BUT ALSO ( AN 9ADEQUATE TE*NOLOGICAL BASE1 D5IES WORK]S ! MAT]IAL SECURITY & FREE TIME TO TRANS=M ! TOTALITY ( SOCIETY--ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 & SPIRITUAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE4 ,! RELATIVELY AFFLU5T DECADES ?AT W]E TO FOLL[ ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION--DECADES ?AT W]E A PRODUCT NOT ONLY ( ECONOMIC RATIONALIZATION & PLANN+ ALONG /ATE CAPITALI/ L9ES BUT ALSO ( EXTRAORD9>Y TE*NOLOGICAL A*IEVEM5T--REVEAL$ ?AT ! PROLET>IAT C\LD BE ABSORB$ 9TO B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 ?AT IT C\LD BE TURN$ 9TO AN ADAPTIVE RA!R ?AN A REVOLUTION>Y CLASS4 ,ORGANIZ$ & DISCIPL9$ BY ! FACTORY1 IT C\LD 9 TACT BECOME AN EXT5SION ( ! FACTORY 9TO SOCIETY AT L>GE1 A VICTIM ( ! FACTORY'S N>R[ ECONOMI/IC FUNCTIONS & ITS SY/EM ( /&>DIZATION & HI]>*Y4 ,I AM NOT CONT5D+ H]E ?AT ANY SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 \R TIME CAN BE A*IEV$ )\T ! ACTIVE SUPPORT ( ! PROLET>IAT BUT RA!R ?AT ANY SU* REVOLUTION CAN NO LONG] BE CA/ 9 T]MS ( 0PROLET>IAN HEGEMONY10 ( WORK+-CLASS LEAD]%IP4 ,A SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 AT LEA/ 9 ! ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES ( ! WORLD1 PRESUPPOSES A WIDE-RANG+ DISCONT5T ) EV]Y ASPECT ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY3 ! ANOMIE & ATOMIZATION FO/]$ BY ! B\RGEOIS MEGALOPOLIS1 DISCONT5T ) ! QUALITY ( EV]YDAY LIFE1 AN AW>5ESS ( ! MEAN+LESSNESS ( A LIFE DEVOT$ TO M9DLESS TOIL1 AN ACUTE CONSCI\SNESS ( HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION 9 ALL ITS =MS4 ,9 ! CASE ( HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION1 A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY W\LD BE EXPECT$ TO FEEL ! NE$ TO ABOLI% NOT ONLY CLASS RULE & ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION1 BUT ! DOM9ATION ( WOM5 BY M51 ( ! Y\NG BY ! OLD1 ( ONE E?NIC GR\P BY ANO!R4 ,ONE CAN EASILY 5UM]ATE A HO/ ( SU* BROAD] ISSUES & !SE HAVE 9CREAS+LY SUPPLANT$1 EV5 )9 ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF1 ! TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC ISSUES ?AT EM]G$ \T ( ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 WAGE LABOR & CAPITAL4 ,! TRADITIONAL ISSUES ( WAGES1 H\RS1 & WORK+ CONDITIONS REMA91 TO BE SURE1 & ! TRADITIONAL /RUGGLE CONT9UES1 BUT !Y HAVE LO/ !IR REVOLUTION>Y ?RU/4 ,HI/ORY ITSELF HAS TURN$ !M 9TO R\T9E PROBLEMS ( NEGOTIATION1 TO BE DEALT ) ?R\< E/ABLI%$ ME*ANISMS & 9/ITUTIONS ?AT FUNCTION 5TIRELY )9 ! SY/EM4 ,! /EADY ]OSION ( ! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T & ( LABOR P>TIES FROM 9/ITUTIONS ) A L>G] SOCIAL VISION TO A 0LOYAL OPPOSITION0 )9 ! FACTORY1 (FICE1 & /ATE IS P]HAPS ! MO/ TELL+ EVID5CE ( ?IS DEG5]ATION4 ,! L>G] PROBLEMS ( ABOLI%+ HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION1 ( A*IEV+ A SPIRITUALLY N\RI%+ DAILY LIFE1 ( REPLAC+ M9DLESS TOIL BY MEAN+FUL WORK1 ( ATTA9+ ! FREE TIME = ! SELFMANAGEM5T ( A TRULY SOLID>IZ+ HUMAN COMMUNITY--ALL ( !SE GR[+ DEM&S HAVE EM]G$ NOT FROM A P]SPECTIVE ( M]E SURVIVAL 9 AN ECONOMY ( SC>CE MEANS1 BUT RA!R FROM ! V]Y OPPOSITE SOCIAL CON/ELLATION4 ,!Y /EM FROM A GNAW+ T5SION1 ! PROBLEM ( NEW TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES1 BETWE5 NE$LESS SC>CITY ON ! ONE H& & ! PROMISE ( FREE TIME & ! SATISFACTION ( BASIC HUMAN WANTS ON ! O!R4 ,?IS T5SION IS FELT BY A MU* WID] CON/ITU5CY ?AN ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT4 ,IT CAN BE S5S$ 9 /UD5TS1 PR(ESSIONALS1 SMALL PROPRIETORS1 SO-CALL$ 0:ITE-COLL>0 WORK]S1 S]VICE & GOV]NM5T EMPLOYES1 DECLASSE ELEM5TS1 & EV5 SECTIONS ( ! B\RGEOISIE AS WELL AS 9 ! 0FULL-GR[N0 PROLET>IAT--9 %ORT1 9 SECTORS ( SOCIETY ?AT W]E NEV] ACCORD$ S]I\S CONSID]ATION AS =CES = REVOLUTION )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM4 ,?IS T5SION C5T]S NOT ONLY ON ECONOMIC PROBLEMS BUT SPIRITUAL ONES AS WELL4 ,IT FO/]S A UNIQUE COMMITM5T NOT SO MU* TO 0SOCIALISM10 ) ITS HI*ICALLY ORGANIZ$ BUREAUCRATIC 9FRA/RUCTURE1 BUT TO A VISION ( A NONHI]>*ICAL1 LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY 7(T5 SIMPLI/ICALLY DESIGNAT$ AS 0SOCIALISM07 9 :I* PEOPLE 9 FREE COMMUNITIES ADM9I/] SOCIETY ON ! BASIS ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY & EX]CISE FULL CONTROL OV] !IR DAILY LIVES4 ,! G5IUS ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM /EMS FROM ITS ABILITY TO FUZE ! CONC]NS ( TRADITIONAL PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM ) BROAD] MORE CONTEMPOR>Y ASPIRATIONS4 ,9 ! V]Y ACT ( CRITICIZ+ ONE REM>KABLE A*IEVEM5T ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ! AFF9ITY GR\P1 ,SANTILLAN 9ADV]T5TLY REVEALS ITS UNIQU5ESS4 ,MOREOV]1 HE DISCLOSES ! CLA% BETWE5 TRADITION & DREAM ?AT EXI/$ )9 ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM 9 ! #a#i#cS4 0,WE BELIEVE !RE IS A LITTLE CONFUSION 9 SOME LIB]T>IAN CIRCLES BETWE5 SOCIAL CONVIVIALITY1 GR\P AFF9ITY & ! ECONOMIC FUNCTION10 HE W>NS4 0,VISIONS ( HAPPY ,>CADIAS OR FREE COMMUNES W]E IMAG9$ BY ! POETS ( ! PA/2 = ! FUTURE1 CONDITIONS APPE> QUITE DIFF]5T4 ,9 ! FACTORY WE DO NOT SEEK ! AFF9ITY ( FRI5D%IP BUT ! AFF9ITY ( WORK4 ,IT IS NOT AN AFF9ITY ( *>ACT]1 EXCEPT ON ! BASIS ( PR(ESSIONAL CAPACITY & QUALITY ( WORK1 :I* IS ! BASIS ( CONVIVIALITY 9 ! FACTORY40 -- ,!SE >E /]N WORDS4 ,!Y EM]GE FROM ! VOCABUL>Y ( SC>CITY1 ! WORK E?IC1 TOIL1 & ,IB]IAN PURITANICAL MORES4 ,!Y W\LD HAVE BE5 VIEW$ AS GRAVELY REALI/IC 9JUNCTIONS BY ! LEAD]S ( ! ,SPANI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 ,!Y REFLECT ! H>% REALITIES ( PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM 9 ! #a#i#cS1 NOT ! S5SIBILITIES ( ! 0FUTURE40 ,BUT ! FACT ?AT = ,SANTILLAN TO 5JO9 HIS COMRADES 9 ! SPR+ ( #aicf TO REJECT 0SOCIAL CONVIVIALITY0 9 ! WORK PROCESS1 TO ELIM9ATE 0GR\P AFF9ITY0 9 PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY AS AN >*AIC VISION ( 0HAPPY ,>CADIAS10 REVEALS ! VISION>Y =M 9 :I* SU* GR\PS W]E ACTUALLY SE5 BY MANY ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S4 ,IF WE1 TODAY1 9CREAS+LY SEE ! NE$ TO TURN WORK 9TO A FE/IVE & 0,>CADIAN0 EXP]I5CE1 IF WE ADDRESS \RSELVES TO A NEW S5SE ( POSSIBILITY ?AT 9H]ES 9 ! WORK PROCESS1 WE W\LD DO WELL TO RECOGNIZE ?AT IT IS ONLY BECAUSE ( ! TE*NOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES CREAT$ BY \R [N TIME ?AT WE 5JOY ?IS PRIVILEGE4 ,PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM 9 ! #a#i#cS HAD TURN$ ! FACTORY NOT ONLY 9TO ! LOCUS ( SOCIAL *ANGE BUT 9TO ! REALITY PR9CIPLE ( ! SOCIALI/ SPIRIT4 ,9 A WORLD ( MAT]IAL SC>CITY & TOIL1 ?IS REALITY PR9CIPLE ALL[$ = M9IMAL 0SOCIAL CONVIVIALITY40 ,SANTILLAN ]RS PRIM>ILY 9 ONE RESPECT3 HE SPEAKS NOT = ! 0FUTURE0 BUT = ! 0PRES5T10 A 0PRES5T0 :OSE VALUES W]E DE/9$ TO UND]GO MAJOR TRANS=MATION 9 ! DECADES ?AT LAY AHEAD4 ,A D$ICAT$ ,AN>*I/ ( A DI/9CT HI/ORICAL ]A1 HE REVEALS ALL ITS LIMITATIONS EV5 AS HE TRIES PRAGMATICALLY TO *>T ITS FUTURE TRAJECTORY4 ,AL?\< HE MAY HAVE BE5 CORRECT = HIS TIME1 IT WAS A TIME ?AT C\LD SC>CELY YIELD A SOCIETY ( 0HAPPY ,>CADIAS0 9 :I* ! MEANS ( LIFE W\LD BE FREELY AVAILABLE TO ALL & WORK W\LD BE P]=M$ ACCORD+ TO ONE'S DESIRE & ABILITY4 ,H[ DID IT HAPP5 ?AN1 ?AT ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S 9 ! #a#i#cS =M$ SU* VISIONS ( 0SOCIAL CONVIVIALITY10 0GR\P AFF9ITY10 & 0HAPPY ,>CADIAS08 ,ON ?IS SCORE AT LEA/1 ,SANTILLAN1 EV5 AS HE VOICES HIS OBJECTIONS1 IS TRUE TO ! LOCALE AS WELL AS TO ! TIME ( HIS MOVEM5T4 ,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S :O HELD !SE ,>CADIAN VISIONS W]E1 9 FACT1 POETS ( ! PA/4 ,!Y HAD =M$ !IR DREAMS FROM ! 0SOCIAL CONVIVIALITY0 ( !IR PUEBLOS1 FROM !IR PRE-9DU/RIAL CULTURE & SPIRITUAL H]ITAGE4 ,TO USE \R [N T]MS1 9 !IR DREAMS ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S P]PETUAT$ A S5SE ( CONT9UITY ) A 0PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM0 ( ! PA/1 ONE :I* !Y D\BTLESS IDEALIZ$ )9 ! CONTEXT ( ,SPANI% CONDITIONS4 ,YET ?IS COMMUNISM1 DESPITE ITS 0PRIMITIV5ESS10 POSSESS$ MORE ELEM5TS ( ! SOPHI/ICAT$ COMMUNISM ( ! FUTURE ?AN ! FACTORY SOCIALISM ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,IT %\LD NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT ! 0HAPPY ,>CADIAS0 & 0FREE COMMUNES0 :I* ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S HAD BORR[$ FROM VISIONS ( ! PA/ W]E (T5 NO LESS /]N ?AN ,SANTILLAN'S IMAGE ( ! FACTORY4 ,!Y TOO CONCEIV$ !IR COMMUNAL1 FREE 0,>CADIAS0 9 GRAVELY PURITANICAL T]MS4 ,!Y BELIEV$ 9 0FREE LOVE0 BECAUSE !Y BELIEV$ 9 ! FRE$OM TO MATE )\T POLITICAL OR RELIGI\S SANCTION1 BUT !Y %UNN$ FREE SEXUALITY & PROMISCUITY4 ,!Y 5VISION$ CONVIVIALITY AT ! WORK PLACE1 BUT !Y ADMIR$ H>D WORK & ALMO/ CELEBRAT$ ITS PURIFY+ QUALITIES4 ,9 !IR 0,>CADIAN0 SOCIETY !RE C\LD BE 0NO RIIAN SOCIALISM ( ! FACTORY1 IT IS A SOCIALISM ?AT IS BUILT NO LESS >\ND SC>CITY1 D5IAL1 & TOIL ?AN IS ,SANTILLAN'S4 ,SANTILLAN M]ELY TRI$ TO REM9D !M ( ! CONTRADICTION ?AT LURK$ 9 !IR VISION1 = !RE C\LD BE NO REAL 0,>CADIAS0 UNLESS ! L& FL[$ ) MILK & HONEY4 ,IF ! P>ADISIACAL POETRY TO :I* ,SANTILLAN REF]S HAS ANY POSSIBILITY ( REALITY TODAY1 ! PURITANICAL ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ 0,>CADIA0 ( YE/]YE> WAS NO LESS A VISION1 A 0M]E IDEAL10 ?AN ,SANTILLAN'S /]N] VISION ( A FUTURE LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY BAS$ ON 0! AFF9ITY ( WORK40 ,YET ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S LEFT BEH9D A TANGIBLE REALITY ?AT HAS CONSID]ABLE RELEVANCE = SOCIAL RADICALISM TODAY4,!IR MOVEM5T'S 0H]OIC YE>S10 #ahfh TO #a#i#c#f1 W]E M>K$ BY A FASC9AT+ PROCESS ( EXP]IM5TATION 9 ORGANIZATIONAL =MS1 DECISION-MAK+ TE*NIQUES1 P]SONAL VALUES1 $UCATIONAL GOALS1 & ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE4 ,FROM ! DAYS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & ! ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY TO ?OSE ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I1 ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S ( ALL V>IETIES--COLLECTIVI/1 SYNDICALI/1 & COMMUNI/--HAD EVOLV$ AN A/ONI%+LY WELL-ORGANIZ$ SUBCULTURE )9 ,SPANI% SOCIETY ?AT FO/]$ 5ORM\S FRE$OM ( ACTION BY LOCAL SYNDICATES & AFF9ITY GR\PS4 ,IF ! ,SPANI% POLITICAL SPH]E HAD D5I$ ! 9DIVIDUAL PEASANT & WORK] FULL P>TICIPATION 9 ! MANAGEM5T ( SOCIAL AFFAIRS1 ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T N\RI%$ !IR P>TICIPATION4 ,F> MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! EPISODIC REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+S1 ! 9DIVIDUAL AT5TADOS1 OR ! D>+ ESCAPADES ( SMALL CIRCLES ( COMRADES LIKE ! ',SOLID>IOS WAS ! ABILITY ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S TO PATI5TLY KNIT TOGE!R HIIAN COLLECTIVES ?AT W]E TO FOLL[ ! ,JULY REVOLUTION WAS ! MOVEM5T ?AT CREAT$ ! GR\ND WORK = LIB]T>IAN SOCIAL /RUCTURES--! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ITSELF4 ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,ESSAY #a4 ,G5]AL ,WORKS ,SURPRIS+LY FEW G5]AL HI/ORIES ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM EXI/ 9 ANY LANGUAGE & ?OSE :I* >E AVAILABLE1 ) A C\PLE ( EXCEPTIONS1 >E TOO CURSORY TO SUPPLY A V]Y REW>D+ ACC\NT ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,JUAN ,GOMEZ ,CASA'S ,HI/ORIA DEL ,AN>COS9DICALISMO 7,MADRID1 #a#i#f#h7 IS SIMPLY AN \TL9E ( ! MAJOR EV5TS 9 ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ HI/ORY & DOES NOT LIVE UP TO ITS GR&ILOQU5T TITLE4 ,JEAN ,BEC>UD & ,GILLES ,LAP\GE'S ,AN>*I/ES D ,ESPAGNE 7,P>IS1 #a#i#g7 IS EV5 MORE ABBREVIAT$ & (F]S ONLY A GLIMPSE ( ITS SUBJECT MATT]4 ,$U>DO ,COM9 ,COLOM]'S TWO-VOLUME ,HI/ORIA DEL ,AN>QUISMO ,ESPANOL #a#h#c#f-#a#i#d#h 7,B>CELONA #a#i#e#f7 IS A TYPICAL ,FRANCOI/ HI/ORIA SECRETA1 WRITT5 FROM AN 9T]NAL KN[L$GE ( ! POLICE FILES4 ,IT CONTA9S A WEAL? ( ANECDOTAL MAT]IAL BUT IT IS (T5 IMPOSSIBLE TO DET]M9E :]E ! S]I\S HI/ORIAN 5DS & ! ,FRANCOI/ (FICIAL BEG9S4 ,DESPITE ! M9OR ]RORS ?AT S*OL>S HAVE CIT$1 ,G]ALD ,BR5AN'S ,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? 7,LONDON1 #a#i#d#c7 /ILL REMA9S ! F9E/ & MO/ MOV+ ACC\NT 9 ,5GLI% ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S TO DATE4 ,BR5AN WAS NEV] AN ,AN>*I/ & LESS ?AN HALF ( HIS BOOK DEALS ) ,AN>*ISM AS SU* YET LIKE SO MANY NON-,SPANI>DS 9 ,SPA91 HE CAME TO ADMIRE ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ) A W>M? ?AT OCCASIONALLY V]GES ON 5?USIASM4 ,P]HAPS ! WEAKE/ ASPECT ( HIS BOOK MI*ISM & HE T5DS TO GIVE TOO MU* WEIIAN 0MILL5>IANISM40 ,ADMITT$LY ?IS EMPHASIS ADDS A GREAT DEAL ( COLOR TO HIS ACC\NT BUT IT DOES NOT PROVIDE A SATISFACTORY EXPLANATION ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I'S DEVELOPM5T 9 ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S ( ,SPA94 ,FRANZ ,BORK5AU'S ,! ,SPANI% ,COCKPIT 7,LONDON1 #a#i#c#g71 A V]Y ?\*I M AS A QUASI-RELIGI\S MOVEM5T ONE :I*1 DESPITE ,BORK5AU'S ,SOCIALI/ CONVICTIONS1 E>NS HIS E/EEM4 ,TO C\NT]BALANCE ,BR5AN & ,BORK5AU'S SEMI-MY/ICAL TREATM5T ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM1 ! READ] MIE TO CONSULT ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN'S REC5T S]IES1 ,CONTRIBUTION A LA ,HI/ORIA DEL ,MOVIMI5TO ,OBR]O ,ESPANOL1 ! FIR/ VOLUME ( :I* WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,MADRID 9 #a#i#f#h4 ,! READ] %\LD EXPECT A TEXTBOOK-LIKE SURVEY ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 H[EV]1 :I* (T5 LACKS ! COLOR & DRAMA ?AT ONE W\LD EXPECT TO F9D AFT] READ+ ,BR5AN4 ,9TRODUCTORY SURVEYS ( ! E>LY HI/ORY ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM APPE> 9 MANY ( ! L>G] WORKS CIT$ BEL[4 ,!Y S]VE PRIM>ILY TO ORI5T ! READ] T[>D ! SPECIFIC P]IOD UND] DISCUSSION & DO NOT CON/ITUTE SUB/ITUTES = A HI/ORY ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,! OP5+ *APT]S ( ,CES> ,M4 ,LOR5ZO'S ,LES ,AN>*I/ES ,ESPAGNOLS ET LE ,P\VOIR 7,P>IS1 #a#i#f#i71 ,JOSE ,PEIRATS'S ,LOS ,AN>QUI/AS 5 LA ,CRISIS ,POLITICA ,ESPANOLA 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#f#d71 & ,MANUEL ,BU5ACASA'S ,EL ,MOVIMI5TO ,OBR]O ,ESPANOL 7,P>IS1 #a#i#f#f7 >E ! BE/ ,I HAVE F\ND ( SU* SUMM>IES4 ,AS = SURVEYS ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM 9CLUD$ 9 G5]AL HI/ORIES ( ! 9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T OR HI/ORIES ( ,SPA9 7AT LEA/ ?OSE ( REC5T V9TAGE71 SOME ( !M T5D M]ELY TO REPEAT ,BR5AN2 O!RS ADOPT A TONE ?AT IS PATRONIZ+1 IF NOT BITT]LY CAU/IC4 #b4 ,E>LY ,HI/ORY 7,*APT]S ,I-,I#a,I74 ,! P]IOD PRIOR TO ,FANELLI'S >RIVAL 9 ,SPA9 IS ADMIRABLY COV]$ BY ,FEMANCO ,G>RIDO ,TORTOSA'S ,HI/ORIA DE LAS ,ASOCIACIONES ,OBR]AS 5 ,EUROPA 7,MADRID1 #a#h#g74 ,?IS TWO-VOLUME ACC\NT IS P]HAPS ! MO/ VALUABLE AVAILABLE S\RCE ON E>LY ,SPANI% WORK+-ILASS MOVEM5TS4 ,G>RIDO WAS A FRI5D ( ,RECLUS & T\R$ ,SPA9 ) HIM2 HIS OBS]VATIONS >E BAS$ NOT M]ELY ON RESE>* 9TO !SE MOVEM5TS BUT ALSO ON P>TICIPATION 9 !M4 ,9 ,5GLI%1 A SPL5DID SURVEY ( E>LY LABOR AGITATION APPE>S 9 ,BRUCE ,LEV9E'S ,ECONOMIC & ,SOCIAL ,MOBILIZATION3 ,SPA91 #a#h#c-#a#i#b#c 7,ANN ,>BOR1 UNPUBLI%$71 A SIZABLE PAP] ?AT CORRELATES ! ACTIVITIES ( WORK]S' & PEASANTS' MOVEM5TS ) ,SPANI% 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T & AGR>IAN RE=M4 ,A GREAT DEAL ( MAT]IAL N[ EXI/S ON ! P]IOD DUR+ :I* ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS =M$ 9 ,SPA94 ,)9 A S+LE YE>1 TWO EXCELL5T /UDIES HAVE APPE>$3 ,JOSEPH ,T]MES'S ,AN>QUISMO Y ,S9DICALISMO 5 ,ESPANA3 ,LA ,PRIM]A ,9T]NATIONAL 7#a#h#f#d-#a#h#h#a7 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#g#b7 & ,CL>A ,E4 ,LIDA'S ,AN>QUISMO Y ,REVOLUTION 5 LA ,ESPANA DEL ,X,I,X 7,MADRID1 #a#i#g#b74 ,9 ! FOLL[+ YE>1 ,LIDA PUBLI%$ AN ACCOMPANY+ VOLUME ( TEXTS & DOCUM5TS UND] ! TITLE1 ,ANTEC$5TES Y ,DES>ROLLA DEL ,MOVIMI5TO ,OBR]O ,ESPANOL 7,MADRID1 #a#i#g#c71 :I* ALSO ?R[S CONSID]ABLE LI*ISM1 ! READ] %\LD CONSULT ,ANSELMO ,LOR5ZO'S ,EL ,PROLET>IADO ,MILITANTE 7ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,B>CELONA1 ,VOL4 ,I1 #a#i#a2 ,VOL4 ,I,I1 #a#i#c72 ,JUAN ,DIAZ DEL ,MORAL'S ,HI/ORIA DE LAS ,AGITACIONES ,CAMPES9AS ,&ALUZAS 7ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,MADRID1 #a#i#b#i72 ,MAX ,NETTLAU'S ,MIGUEL ,BAKUN91 LA ,9T]NATIONAL Y LA ,ALIANZA 5 ,ESPANA 7ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#b#e72 & ,CASIMIRO ,M>TI'S ,ORIG5ES DEL ,AN>QUISMO 5 ,B>CELONA 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#e#i74 ,LOR5ZO & ,DIAZ DEL ,MORAL'S WORKS >E ! REAL CLASSICS ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( E>LY ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM & PROVIDE MAJOR S\RCES ( DATA = LAT]1 MORE S*OL>LY /UDIES4 ,EL ,PROLET>IADO ,MILITANTE IS REALLY A MEMOIR BY ONE ,( ! F\ND]S & \T/&+ PROPAG&I/S ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM4 ,DIAZ DEL ,MORAL WAS NOT M]ELY A HI/ORIAN BUT ALSO AN OBS]V] ( SOME ( ! EV5TS HE DESCRIBES4 ,NETTLAU & ,CASIMIRO ,M>TI HAVE PRODUC$ TWO BRIEF BUT MA/]FUL PIECES ( RESE>*4 ,MANY O!R WORK]S PROVID$ 9VALUABLE BACKGR\ND MAT]IAL = AN UND]/&+ ( ?IS P]IOD1 NOTABLY ,NETTLAU'S ,DOCUM5TOS ,9$ITOS SOBRE LA ,9T]NATIONAL Y LA ,ALIANZA 5 ,ESPANA 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#c7 & HIS HITICLES 9 ,LA ,REUI/A ,BLANCA 7,SEPTEMB] #a1 #aibh -- ,MAY #a1#a#i#b#i71 PUBLI%$ UND] ! TITLE1 0,IMPRESIONES HI/ORICAS SOBRE EL DES>ROLLO DEL ,SOCIALISMO 5 ,ESPANA10 A SUP]B S]IES ?AT HAS YET TO BE COMPIL$ AS A VOLUME2 ,JUAN ,JOSE ,MORATO'S ,HI/ORIA DE LA ,SECTION ,ESPANOLA DE LA ,9T]NATIONAL1 #a#h#f#h-#a#h#g#d 7,MADRID1 #a#i#c72 ,JAMES ,GUILLAME'S EXCELL5T F\R-VOLUME ,L',9T]NATIONALE1 ,DOCUM5TS ET ,S\V5IRS 7,P>IS1 #a#i#e-#a#i#a71 9 MY VIEW ONE ( ! MO/ \T/&+ ( ! MANY HI/ORIES ?AT >E AVAILABLE ON ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL2 ,MAXIMIANO ,G>CIA ,V5]O'S ?REE-VOLUME ,HI/ORIA DE LAS ,9T]NATIONALES 5 ,ESPANA 7,MADRID1 #a#i#e#f-#a#i#e#h7 & ! SAME AU?OR'S ,HI/ORIAS DE LOS ,MOOIMI5TOS ,S9DICALI/AS ,ESPANOLES 7#a#h#d-#a#i#c#c7 7,MADRID1 #a#i#f#a74 ,( ! SOCIAL HI/ORIES ( ,SPA91 ,BR5AN'S ,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? IS C]TA9LY ONE ( ! MO/ \T/&+4 ,= A TRULY EXHAU/IVE HI/ORY1 ! READ] MAY C>E TO CONSULT ! FIVE-VOLUME S]IES ,HI/ORIA ,SOCIAL Y ,ECONOMICA DE ,ESPANA Y ,AM]ICA1 $IT$ BY ,JAIME ,VIC5S ,VIVES 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#e#g-#a#i#e#i7 & ,VIC5S ,VIVES'S ,AN ,ECONOMIC ,HI/ORY ( ,SPA9 7,PR9CETON1 #a#i#f#i74 ,ONE ( ! BE/ S\RCES = POPUL> COLLECTIVISM 9 ,SPA9 IS ,JOAQU9 ,CO/A'S ,COLECTIVISMO ,AGR>IO 5 ,ESPANA 7ORG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,MADRID1 #a#h#i#h74 ,RAYMOND ,C>R'S ,SPA91 #a#h#h-#a#i#c#i 7,OX=D1 #a#i#f#f7 IS AN EM95TLY READABLE & HIT FROM ,BR5AN'S ACC\NT1 ,I KN[ ( NO BOOK 9 ,5GLI% ?AT IS MORE DEEPLY SYMPA!TIC TO--OR SO ABLY CONVEYS--! LIB]T>IAN SPIRIT ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE ?AN ,EL5A DE ,LA ,S\*]E'S ,AN ,EXPLANATION ( ,SPA9 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#f#d74 ,P]HAPS ! MO/ P]CEPTIVE ANALYSIS ( ,SPANI% SOCIETY IS TO BE F\ND 9 ,K>L ,M>X'S 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,SPA910 A S]IES ( >TICLES PUBLI%$ BY ! ,NEW ,YORK ,DAILY ,TRIBUNE BETWE5 ,SEPTEMB] #i & ,DECEMB] #d1 #a#h#e#d4 ,!SE >TICLES >E COMPIL$ 9 ,M>X & ,5GELS'S ,REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA9 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#c#i71 A BOOK ?AT IS SADLY M>R$ NOT ONLY BY ,/AL9I/ $IT+ BUT BY ,5GELS'S VULG> 9T]PRETATION ( E>LY SYNDICALISM 9 A PROPAG&A DIATRIBE1 0,! ,BAKUN9I/S AT ,WORK40 ,P]HAPS ! BE/ WORK ,I CAN RECOMM5D ON ,SPANI% ,F$]ALISM IS ,C4 ,A4,M4 ,H5NESSY'S ,! ,F$]AL ,REBUBLIC 9 ,SPA9 7,OX=D1 #a#i#f#b74 ,H5NESSY HAS ALSO COMPIL$ A V]Y EXT5SIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ! SUBJECT4 ,R4 ,COLOMA'S WIDELY CIT$ ,LA ,REVOLUTION ,9T]NACIONALI/A ,ALCOYANA DE #ahgc 7,ALICANTE1 #a#i#e#i71 A WORK :I* SEEMS TO HAVE ACQUIR$ ! REPUTATION ( AN AU?ORITATIVE ACC\NT ON ! ,ALCOY UPRIS+1 SEEMS 9 MY VIEW TO BE PAT5TLY BIAS$ AGA9/ ! ,9T]NATIONALI/S & !IR WORK+-CLASS SUPPORT]S4 ,ACCORD+LY1 MY ACC\NT HAS BE5 BAS$ ON A SIFT+ ( ! LIMIT$ LIT]ATURE & ! AVAILABLE PRESS ACC\NTS ( ! EV5T4 ,=TUNATELY1 ,CL>A ,LIDA1 9 H] ,AN>QUISMO Y ,REVOLUTION 5 LA ,ESPANA DEL ,X,I,X1 C>EFULLY EXAM9ES MAT]IAL ON ! UPRIS+ 7SEE PAGES #b#a#f-#b#b7 & HAS PRODUC$ A LONG-NE$$ BALANC$ ACC\NT4 ,EV5 MORE PROBLEMATICAL IS ! FIGURE ( ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9--BO? ! MAN & HIS SOCIAL VIEWS4 ,AT ?IS WRIT+1 NO WOR?:ILE BIOGRAPHY"9AF ,BAKUN9 EXI/S 9 ,5GLI%4 ,E4,H4 ,C>R1 9 HIS ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 7,LONDON1 #a#i#c#g71 HAS BR\%IP TO ! S]VICE ( :AT >E (T5 SC&AL\SLY TRIVIAL GOALS1 9CLUD+ ,BAKUN9'S IMPECUNIOSITY & SEX LIFE4 ,C>R'S ACC\NT IS /EEP$ 9 MALICE T[>D HIS SUBJECT4 ,( ! PUBLI%$ MAT]IAL AVAILABLE TO ! READ]1 ,H4,E4 ,KAM9SKI'S ,BAKUN9-,LA ,VIE D'UN ,REVOLUTIONNAIRE 7,P>IS1 #a#i#c#h7 IS ! BE/ BIOGRAPHY TO CONSULT ON ,BAKUN9'S ACTIVITIES1 BUT IT /ILL AWAITS TRANSLATION 9TO ,5GLI%4 ,! QUOTATIONS FROM ,BAKUN9 9 ! TEXT W]E TAK5 FROM ,GREGORY ,MAXIM(F'S V]Y UNSATISFACTORY MOSAIC ( ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S1 ,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,BAKUN9 7,GL5COE1 #a#i#e#c71 A WORK ?AT HAS BE5 SUP]S$$ OV] ! PA/ FEW YE>S BY MORE REPRES5TATIVE SELECTIONS1 NOTABLY 9 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y1 $IT$ BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g#b71 & ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9'S ,SELECT$ ,WRIT+S1 $IT$ BY ,>?UR ,LEHN+ 7,LONDON1 #a#i#g#c74 ,DOLG(F'S BOOK ALSO CONTA9S A V]Y EXT5SIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY1 9CLUD+ AN ACC\NT ( ! ,/EKLOV & ,NETTLAU BIOGRAPHIES ( ,BAKUN91 AVAILABLE ONLY 9 SPECIAL COLLECTIONS & >*IVES4 #c4 ,FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL TO ! ,C,N,T 7,*APT]S ,I,V & ,VLL74 ,VIRTUALLY EV]Y ACC\NT ( PEASANT ,AN>*ISM 9 ,SPA9 [ES A GREAT DEBT TO ,DIAZ DEL ,MORAL1 :O1ALSO 5JOYS ! DI/9CTION ( FO/]+ ! 0MILL5>IAN0 ORI5TATION ?AT *>ACT]IZES SO MANY ,5GLI% WORKS ON ! SUBJECT4 ,JOAQU9 ,CO/A'S ,OLIG>QUIA Y ,CATIQUISMO COMO LA ,=MA ,ACTUAL DE ,GOBIEMO 5 ,ESPANA 7ORG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,MADRID1 #a#i#b7 PROVIDES 9DISP5SABLE MAT]IAL ON ! CACIQUE SY/EM & ,VIC5S ,VIVES'S ,HI/ORIA ,SOCIAL Y ,ECONOMICA 444 IS AN 9VALUABLE S\RCE ( DATA & 9SIIAN PROBLEMS4 ,9 ,POLITICS1 ,ECONOMICS & ,M5 ( ,MODEM ,SPA9 7#a#h#h-#a#i#d#f7 7,LONDON1 #a#i#d#f71 ! 9T]TW9+ ( AGR>IAN ) POLITICAL 9T]E/S IS DISCUSS$ ) MU* V]VE BY ,A4 ,RAMOS ,OLIVEIRA1 A WRIT] :O IS NOT TO BE D5I$ HIS /RONG POLITICAL PREJUDICES & HIS ANIMOSITY T[>D ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ DEF9ITIVE /UDIES ( ,SPANI% AGRICULTURAL & RURAL UNRE/ APPE>S 9 ,$W>D ,E4 ,MALEFAKIS'S ,AGR>IAN ,RE=M & ,PEASANT ,REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA9 7,NEW ,HAV51 #a#i#g74 ,! BOOK ALSO HAS AN EXCELL5T BIBLIOGRAPHY4 ,AL?\< ,MALEFAKIS IS NOT SYMPA!TIC TO ! ,AN>*I/S1 HE CLE>LY DEL9EATES !IR OPTIONS & DILEMMAS4 ,HIS LAT] *APT]S PROVIDE A VALUABLE ACC\NT ( !IR DUELS ) ! ,SOCIALI/S DUR+ ! #a#i#cS4 ,= AN EXCELL5T ACC\NT ( ! POV]TY 5DUR$ BY ! BRAC]OS1 SEE 0,AGR>IAN ,PROBLEMS 9 ,SPA90 BY ,E4,H4,G4 ,DOBBY1 ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,REVIEW ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY ,APRIL1 #a#i#c#f74 ,TO GA9 SOME S5SE ( ! ATMOSPH]E ( PUEBLO LIFE--ITS P>O*IALISM AS WELL AS ITS 9T]NAL SOLID>ITY--! READ] %\LD CONSULT ,MI*AEL ,K5NY'S ,A ,SPANI% ,TAPE/RY 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#f#a7 & ,J4,S4 ,PITT-,RIV]S'S S5SITIVE /UDY ( AN ,&ALUSIAN M\NTA9 VILLAGE1 ,! ,PEOPLE ( ! ,SI]RA 7,*ICAGO1 #a#i#f#a74 ,E4,J4 ,HOBSBAWM'S ESSAY ON ,AN>*I/ 0MILL5>IANISM0 9 ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS 7,MAN*E/]1 #a#i#e#i7 IS RIDDL$ BY ,M>XIAN PREJUDGM5TS ON ! 0>*AIC0 NATURE ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,AP>T FROM USEFUL 9=MATION AB\T ! ,CASAS ,VIEJAS UPRIS+1 HE ADDS V]Y LITTLE TO :AT ,DIAZ DEL ,MORAL OBS]VES ) GREAT] SYMPA?Y = HIS SUBJECT4 ,V]Y LITTLE HAS BE5 WRITT5 AB\T ! TRAJECTORY ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM FROM ! DECL9E ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL TO ! EM]G5CE ( ! ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A F$]ATION AFT] ! TURN ( ! C5TURY4 ,TO E/ABLI% A REASONABLY DETAIL$ CONT9UITY ( EV5TS1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO TURN TO BIOGRAPHIES & NEWPAP] ACC\NTS = 9PORTANT DATA4 ,NETTLAU'S 0,IMPRESIONES HI/ORICAS SOBRE EL DES>ROLLO DEL ,SOCIALISMO 5 ,ESPANA0 9 ,LA ,REVI/A ,BLANCA 7,NUM]O #a#d1 #a#i#b#i7 IS 9=MATIVE1 AS IS ,P$RO ,VALL9A'S BIOGRAPHY ( ,SALVO*EA1 ,CRONICA DE UN ,REVOLUCION>IO 7,P>IS1 #a#i#e#h74 ,! READ] MAY ALSO C>E TO CONSULT ! OP5+ *APT]S ( ,BU5ACASA'S ,EL ,MOVIMI5TO ,OBR]O ,ESPANOL & ! L>G] HI/ORIES ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM4 ,CL>A ,E4 ,LIDA'S BOOK ( DOCUM5TS CONTA9S VALUABLE /ATEM5TS1 APPEALS1 & REPORTS UP TO ! LATE #a#h#hS4 ,ON ,SALVO*EA'S LIFE1 ! READ] %\LD EXAM9E NOT ONLY ,VALL9A1 BUT ALSO ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK]'S ,F]M9 ,SALVO*EA 9 ! ,PRECURSORES DE LA ,LIB]TAD S]IES 7,NO4 #a1#a#i#d#e7 & ! FEW PAGES ( VIGNETTES ( ,SALVO*EA :I* ,BU5ACASA 9CLUDES 9 HIS ,EL ,MOVIMI5TO ,OBR]O ,ESPANOL4 ,REC5T RESE>* HAS REOP5$ ! ,MANO ,NEGRA P]IOD = REEVALUATION & FRE% DISCUSSION4 ,IRIS ,ZAVALA'S DISCOV]Y 9 ! ,>*IVO DE ,PALACIO 9 ,MADRID ( A COPY ( A DOCUM5T PURPORT$ TO BE ! ,MANO ,NEGRA'S 0REGULATIONS10 A DOCUM5T DRAWN UP SOME FIVE YE>S BE=E ! ,MANO ,NEGRA TRIALS ( #a#h#h#c1 DOES NOT 5TIRELY DISPEL MY D\BTS AB\T ! REALITY ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,A COPY IS NOT AN ORIG9AL &1 GIV5 ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! TIME1 EV5 AN 0ORIG9AL0 DOCUM5T W\LD W>RANT ! MO/ SCRUPUL\S AU!NTICATION1 9 MY OP9ION1 BE=E ANY QUE/ION ( POLICE =G]Y C\LD BE REMOV$4 ,CL>A ,E4 ,LIDA ACCEPTS ?IS DOCUM5T AS FACT & DISCUSSES ITS SOCIAL CONTEXT 9 0,AGR>IAN ,AN>*ISM 9 ,&ALUSIA10 ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVIEW ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY1 ,X,I,V1 #c 7#a#i#f#i74 ,H] REVIEW ( ! P]IOD MAKES ! >TICLE WELL WOR? READ+1 QUITE ASIDE FROM ! DISPUTE ?AT MAY >ISE AB\T ! AU!NTICITY ( ! DOCUM5T ITSELF4 ,ON ! TRIALS1 ,$ICIONES 0,C,N,T0 HAS REPUBLI%$ ,EL ,PROCESO DE 0,LA ,MANO ,NEGRA0 7,T\L\SE1 #a#i#e#h71 AN OLD COLLECTION ( EXC]PTS FROM /ATEM5TS ( ! ACCUS$ & CRITICAL COMM5TS ( ! *>GES & PROCE$+S4 ,SEE ALSO ,GL5N ,WAGON]'S@5RTICLE1 0,! ,BLACK ,H& ,MY/]Y10 9 ,MODEM ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY1 $4 ,ROB]T ,BECU*A 7,LONDON1 #a#i#g#b74 ,LIDA'S >TICLE CONTA9S MANY 9=MATIVE OBS]VATIONS ON ! DISPUTES BETWE5 ! TRADITIONAL ,AN>*O-COLLECTIVI/S & ! EM]G+ ,AN>*O-COMMUNI/S4 ,BR5AN'S ,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? & ,MAX ,NOMAD'S 0,! ,AN>*I/ ,TRADITION0 7,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9T]NATIONALS1 $4 ,M4,M4 ,DRA*KOVIT* .<,/AN=D1 #a#i#f#f.>7 PROVIDE VALUABLE ACC\NTS ( ?IS SPLIT4 ,= A SUCC9CT /ATEM5T ( ,AN>*O-COMMUNI/ PR9CIPLES1 ! READ] %\LD GO DIRECTLY TO ,PET] ,KROPOTK9'S E>LY ESSAY 0,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM3 ,ITS ,BASIS & ,PR9CIPLES0 7,REVOLUTION>Y ,PAMPHLETS .<,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#b#h.>7 & TO HIS ,! ,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f74 ,=TUNATELY1 BO? VOLUMES HAVE REC5TLY BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & >E NO LONG] DIFFICULT TO ACQUIRE4 ,MY ACC\NT ( ! T]RORI/ MOVEM5T AT ! TURN ( ! C5TURY IS DRAWN FROM SO MANY S\RCES1 9CLUD+ CONTEMPOR>Y NEWSPAP] ACC\NTS1 ?AT A S+LE WORK IS DIFFICULT TO CITE4 ,! ALREADY CIT$ VOLUMES BY ,BR5AN1 ,PEIRATS1 ,BU5ACASA1 & ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN COLLECTIVELY PROVIDE A GOOD OV]ALL PICTURE ( ! 9CID5TS1 ! SOCIAL CONTEXT1 & ! MOTIVES ( ! T]RORI/S4 ,A DRAMATIC1 AT TIMES LURID1 BUT NOT 9ACCURATE ACC\NT ( ,AN>*I/ T]RORISM APPE>S 9 ,B>B>A ,W4 ,TU*MAN'S ,! ,PR\D ,T[] 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#f#f74 ,F4 ,T>RIDA DEL ,M>MOL'S ,LES ,9QUISITEURS D',ESPAGNE 7,P>IS1 #a#h#i#g71 A WORK ?AT >\S$ ,EUROPEAN PUBLIC OP9ION AGA9/ ! B>B>\S ME?ODS ( ! ,B>CELONA POLICE1 IS /ILL ! BE/ ACC\NT ( ANTI-,AN>*I/ REPRESSIO'N DUR+ ?IS P]IOD4 ,! REAWAK5+ ( ! ,SPANI% LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ! DECADE PRIOR TO ! =MATION ( ! ,C,N,T IS V]Y WELL DOCUM5T$4 ,/ANLEY ,G4 ,PAYNE'S ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g7 CONTA9S AN EXCELL5T BIBLIOGRAPHY ( CONTEMPOR>Y WORKS ON ! SUBJECT1 MANY ( :I* GO BEYOND ! SCOPE ( ?IS VOLUME4 ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN'S HI/ORY COV]S ! P]IOD 9 SOME DETAIL & ,BR5AN'S *APT] ON ! 0,CATALAN ,QUE/ION1 #a#h#i#h-#a#i#i0 PROVIDES A GO'OD POLITICAL BACKGR\ND4 ,! F9E/ ACC\NT ( ! ,B>CELONA LABOR MOVEM5T DUR+ ?IS DECADE IS ,JOAN ,CONNELLY ,ULLMAN'S ,! ,TRAGIC ,WEEK 7,CAMBRIDGE1 #a#i#f#h71 A SUP]BLY RESE>*$ & IMM5SELY 9=MATIVE WORK4 ,! CONV5TIONAL ATTITUDE T[>D ! 0,TRAGIC ,WEEK0 APPE>S 9 ,AUGU/O ,RI]A'S ,LA ,SEMANA ,TRAGICA 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#i71 COMPLETE ) PHOTOGRAPHS & 9V5TORIES ( GUTT$ *UR*ES1 MONA/]IES1 & SEM9>IES4 ,DIAZ DEL ,MORAL PROVIDES A DETAIL$ ACC\NT ( ! AGR>IAN MOVEM5T 9 ,CORDOBA BETWE5 #ai & #aii & ,MALEFAKIS DEVOTES SEV]AL HI*I/ AGITATION 9 ,&ALUSIA G5]ALLY DUR+ ! UPSURGE ( #a#i#c-#a#i#d4 ,AN AMPLE LIT]ATURE EXI/S ON ,FRANCISCO ,F]R]'S C>E] & DEA?1 9CLUD+ HI5TLY UND]GONE MANY REPR9TS AL?\< ! TRANSLATION DOES NOT HAVE A PUBLI%+ HI/ORY4 ,?IS SMALL VOLUME PRES5TS A COMPREH5SIVE /ATEM5T ( ,F]R]'S P$AGOGIC IDEALS & /ILL DES]VES READ+4 ,A4 & ,C4 ,ORTS-,RAMOS'S ,FRANCISCO ,F]R]--,APO/AL DE LA ,RAZON 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#c#b7 IS A HI*I/S PUBLI%$ A FAIR AM\NT ( MAT]IAL ON ,F]R] ( :I* ,HEM ,DAY'S ,F4 ,F]R]--SA VIE1 SON OEUVRE 7,BRUSSELS1 N4D47 IS /ILL AVAILABLE4 ,5GLI% ACC\NTS' ( ,F]R] 9CLUDE ,FRANCISCO ,F]R]3 ,HIS ,LIFE1 ,WORK1 & ,M>TYRDOM1 $IT$ BY ,LEON>D ,D4 ,ABBOTT = ! ,FRANCISCO ,F]R] ,ASSOCIATION 7,NEW ,YORK1 N4D471 & ,MC,CABE'S ,! ,M>TYRDOM ( ,F]R] 7,LONDON1 #a#i#i71 BO? ( :I* APPE>$ %ORTLY AFT] ,F]R]'S EXECUTION & REFLECT ! WORLDWIDE IMPACT ( ! ,SPANI% $UCATOR4 ,TO GA9 AN 9SI*I/ 9TELLECTUALS DUR+ ! CLOS+ DECADES ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 ! READ] MU/ TURN TO P]IODICALS SU* AS ,LA ,REVI/A ,BLANCA 7OLD S]IES7 & ! E>LI] REVIEW1 ,LA ,REVI/A ,SOCIAL4 ,JOSE ,PEIRATS'S 0,P>A UNA ,MONOGRAFIA DE ,ESCRITORES ,AN>QUI/AS ,ESPANOLES0 9 ,RUTA 7,VOL4 ,ILL1 ,NO4 #g1#a#i#g#b7 IS A GOOD SURVEY ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ WRIT]S1 !IR WORKS1 & ! P]IODICALS TO :I* !Y CONTRIBUT$4 ,! TOPICAL RANGE ( !SE 9TELLECTUALS CAN BE JUDG$ BY EXAM9+ ,RIC>DO ,MELLA'S ,IDE>IO 7,GIJON1 #a#i#b#f7 & ,5SAYOS Y ,CONF]5CIAS 7,GIJON1 #a#i#c#d71 BO? ( :I* CON/ITUTE ,VOLUMES ,ONE & ,TWO RESPECTIVELY ( ! ,OBRAS ,COMPLETAS DE ,RIC>DO ,MELLA4 ,! EM]G5CE ( ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM IS ABLY DISCUSS$ BY ,BR5AN 9 HIS *APT] ON ! SUBJECT4 ,! IMPACT ( ,GEORGES ,SOREL'S ,REFLEXIONS SUR LA ,VIOL5CE 7ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,P>IS1 #a#i#h1 & EASILY AVAILABLE 9 ,5GLI% TRANSLATION7 HAS BE5 GREATLY OV]RAT$1 BUT ! WORK %\LD BE READ AS A *>ACT]I/IC RESPONSE ( MANY RADICAL ,FR5* 9TELLECTUALS TO ! NEW WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,DESPITE ITS BREVITY1 ,DANIEL ,GU]9'S ,AN>*ISM 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g7 IS1 9 MY VIEW1 ! MO/ TRU/WOR?Y & P]CEPTIVE REC5T SURVEY ( ,AN>*I/ IDEAS & HI/ORY4 ,IT CONTA9S A GOOD ACC\NT ( ! P$IGREE & HI/ORY ( ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM4 ,GU]9'S COMPILATION ( ,AN>*I/ DOCUM5TS1 ,NI ,DIEU1 ,NI ,MAITRE 7,P>IS1 N4D471 REPRODUCES E>LY ANTICIPATIONS ( SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION SU* AS ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME'S 0,IDEES SUR REORGANIZATION ,SOCIALE0 7#a#h#g#f7 & ! EXPLICITLY 5D-(-!-C5TURY SYNDICALISM REFLECT$ BY ,F]N& ,PELL\TI]'S 0,L',AN>*ISME ET LES ,SYNDICATE ,\VRI]S0 & ,EMILE ,P\GET'S 0,LE ,SYNDICAT40 ,ROG] ,HAGNAU]'S ,L',ACTUALITE DE LA ,*>TE D',AMI5S 7,P>IS1 #a#i#e#i7 CONTA9S A SUCC9CT ACC\NT ( ! EM]G5CE ( ! ,FR5* ,C,G,T & ITS %IFT T[>D A ,M>XI/-CONTROLL$ LABOR UNION4 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A'S CRITICISMS ( SYNDICALISM APPE> 9 ! ,CORRTPTE ,R5DU ,ANALYTIQUE ( ! ,CONGRES ,AN>*I/E ,T5U A ,AM/]DAM1 ,A\T #b#d-#c#a1 #aig 7,P>IS1 #a#i#h74 ,! MO/ DEF9ITIVE BIOGRAPHY ( ,MALATE/A & ! F9E/ SELECTION ( HIS WRIT+S 9 ,5GLI% HAS BE5 PREP>$ BY ,V]NON ,RI*>DS UND] ! TITLE1 ,MALATE/A3 ,HIS ,LIFE & ,IDEAS 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#e74 #d4 ,FROM ! ,E>LY ,C,N,T TO ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC 7,*APT]S ,V,I,I,I-,I,X7 ,! E>LY HI/ORY & /RUCTURE ( ! ,C,N,T >E DISCUSS$ 9 DETAIL 9 ! HI/ORICAL WORKS ( ,BR5AN1 ,BU5ACASA1 ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 & ,G>CIA ,V5]O4 ,JOSE ,PEIRATS'S ,:AT IS ! ,C,N,T8 7,LONDON1 #a#i#g#b71 ! ,5GLI% TRANSLATION ( AN >TICLE 9 ,RUTA1 GIVES A DESCRIPTION ( ! ORGANIZATION'S /RUCTURE & GOALS AS WELL AS G5]AL BACKGR\ND MAT]IAL4 ,A BRIEF BUT USEFUL ACC\NT ( ! EV5TS LEAD+ TO ! =MATION ( ! ,C,N,T APPE>S 9 ,PEIRATS'S ,LOS ,AN>QUI/AS 5 LA ,CRISIS ,POLITICA ,ESPANOLA4 ,! GREAT] P>T ( ?IS BOOK DEALS ) ! CONF$]ATION'S ACTIVITIES UND] ! ,PRIMO DICTATOR%IP1 ! =MATION & ROLE ( ! ,F,A,I1 & ! CONFLICTS )9 ,SPANI% ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM DUR+ ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC4 ,CES> ,M4 ,LOR5ZO ALSO PROVIDES A SURVEY ( ,AN>*OSYNDICALI/ ACTIVITIES DUR+ ?IS P]IOD1 AL?\< ! BOOK DEALS MA9LY ) ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,! MO/ 9=MATIVE ,5GLI% ACC\NT ( ,AN>*I/ ACTIVITIES BETWE5 ! ,WORLD ,W> ,I P]IOD & ! ,PRIMO DICTATOR%IP IS ,G]ALD ,H4 ,MEAK]'S ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,LEFT 9 ,SPA91 #a#i#a#d-#a#i#b#c 7,/AN=D1 #a#i#g#d71 A WORK ?AT DEALS EQUALLY ) ! ,SOCIALI/S AT ?IS TIME & ! ,COMMUNI/ T5D5CIES ?AT EM]G$ FROM ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,MEAK] IS NOT SYMPA!TIC TO ! ,AN>*I/S1 BUT HIS /UDY IS METICUL\SLY RESE>*$ & HIE 9DISP5SABLE TO AN UND]/&+ ( ! RURAL MOVEM5T4 ,= A DETAIL$ ACC\NT ( ! 0,BELLAS ,>TES0 CONGRESS ( ! ,C,N,T1 SEE ! ,CONGRESO DE ,CON/ITUTION DE LA ,CONF$]ATION ,NATIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO 7,C,N,T71 ,$ICIONES 0,C,N,T0 7,T\L\SE1 #a#i#e#i7 & = ! #aiah ,B>CELONA CONGRESS SEE ! ,MEMORIA DEL ,CONGRESO CELEBRADO 5 ,B>CELONA LOS DIAS #b#h1 #bi Y #c DE ,JUNIO Y #a DE ,JULIO DE #a#i#a#h1 ,$ICIONES 0,C,N,T0 7,T\L\SE1 #a#i#e#g74 ,DETAIL$ ACC\NTS ( ! /RIKE MOVEM5T DUR+ ?IS P]IOD APPE> 9 ,ALB]TO ,BACELLS'S ,EL ,S9DICALISMO 5 ,B>CELONA 7#a#i#a#f-#a#i#b#c7 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#f#e7-1 ,JAC9TO ,M>T9 ,MAE/RE'S ,HUELGA ,G5]AL DE #aiag 7,MADRID1 #a#i#f#f71 ,G>CIA ,V5]O'S ,HI/ORIA ,MOVIMI5TOS ,S9DICALI/AS ,ESPANOLES 7#a#h#d-#a#i#c#c71 ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA'S ,LO QUE ,APR5DI 5 LA ,VIDA 7,MADRID1 #a#i#c#c71 & ,FRANCISCO ,L>GO ,CABALL]O'S ,MIS ,RECII]DOS 7,MEXICO1 #a#i#e#d74 ,MO/ ( ! OV]ALL ACC\NTS ( ,SPANI% RADICALISM1 SU* AS ,BR5AN'S & ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN'S1 CONTA9 VALUABLE ACC\NTS ( !IR [N4 ,BACELLS ALSO PROVIDES A COMPREH5SIVE SURVEY ( ! PI/OL]ISMO T5D5CY ?AT PLAGU$ ! PO/W> YE>S4 ,BU5ACASA'S ACC\NT PROVIDES AN EXAMPLE ( ! REACTION ( A DI/+UI%$ ,AN>*I/ MILITANT TO ! DAMAGE PI/OL]ISMO 9FLICT$ ON ! ,C,N,T4 ,! READ] :O IS 9T]E/$ 9 ?IS PHASE ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM MAY C>E TO CONSULT ,M>IA ,F>RE ,MOREGO'S ,LOS ,AT5TADOS ,SOCIALES 5 ,ESPANA 7,MADRID1 #a#i#b#b7 & ,MIGUEL ,SA/RE Y ,SAMA'S ,LA ,ESCLAVITUD ,MODEMA 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#b#a74 ,! =EGO+ WORKS REPRES5T ONLY A FRACTION ( ! V]Y CONSID]ABLE CONTEMPOR>Y LIT]ATURE ON ! P]IOD1 MO/ NOTABLY ON ! /RIKES & ! PI/OL]OS4 ,BR5AN1 ,RAYMOND ,C>R1 ,BU5ACASA1 ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 & ,PEIRATS'S HI/ORICAL WORKS PROVIDE HIIETY ( LIB]T>IAN WRIT]S HAS BE5 PREP>$ BY ,$ICIONES 0,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A0 UND] ! TITLE ,SALVADOR ,SEGUI3 SU VIDA1 SU OBRA 7,P>IS1 #a#i#f74 ,MEAK] ALSO DISCUSSES ,SEGUI'S POLICIES 9 DETAIL4 ,AN EXCELL5T ACC\NT ( ! CONFLICT BETWE5 V>I\S T5D5CIES )9 ! ,C,N,T DUR+ ?IS P]IOD APPE>S 9 ,GEORGE ,BREITMAN'S ,SPANI% ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM1 #a#i#a#h-#a#i#c#a3 ,MOD]ATES VS4 ,EXTREMI/S 7,UNIV]SITY ( ,MI*IGAN1 UNPUBLI%$ PAP]1 #a#i#f#i74 ,RIC>DO ,SANZ PROVIDES A P]SONAL ACC\NT ( ! ,SOLID>IOS & ,NOSOTROS AFF9ITY GR\PS 9 ,EL ,S9DICALISMO Y ,LA ,POLITICO 7,T\L\SE1 #a#i#f#f71 AN ACC\NT ?AT IS FILL$ \T BY P]SONAL 9T]VIEWS ) ,AN>*I/ GRUPI'S TAS & MILITANTS 9 ,ABEL ,PAZ'S ,DURRUTI3 ,LE ,PEUPLE 5 ,>MES 7,P>IS1 #a#i#g#b74 ,! ,PAZ BIOGRAPHY1 P]HAPS ! MO/ 9=MATIVE ACC\NT ( ,DURRUTI'S LIFE AVAILABLE1 HAS BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% BY ,NANCY ,MAC,DONALD & IS S*$UL$ = PUBLICATION BY ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS 9 ,MONTREAL 9 #a#i#g#g4 ,MEAK]'S BOOK & ,PEIRATS'S ,LOS ,AN>QUI/AS 4 44 CONTA9 VALUABLE ACC\NTS ( ! =TUNES ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM AS ! ,C,N,T SLIPP$ 9TO ILLEGALITY UND] ! ,PRIMO DICTATOR%IP4 ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA'S REPORT OI HIS VISIT TO ,RUSSIA HAS BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 REC5T YE>S AS TWO PAMPHLETS BY ,$ITORIAL ,Z,Y,X UND] ! TITLES1 ,9=ME DE MI ,E/&A 5 LA ,U4,R4,S4,S4 7,MADRID1 #a#i#f#h7 & ,CONSID]ATIONS Y ,JUITIOS ,AC]CA DE LA ,T]C]A ,9T]NATIONAL 7,MADRID1 #a#i#f#h74 ,BREITMAN *RONICLES ! DISPUTES ?AT EM]G$ 9 ! ,C,N,T DUR+ ! DICTATOR%IP & UP TO ! EXPULSION ( ! ,TRE9TI/AS ) A GREAT DEAL ( UND]/&+ & P]CEPTION4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ DETAIL$ ACC\NTS ( !SE CONFLICTS APPE>S 9 ,JOHN ,BRADEMAS'S ,AN>COS9DICALISMO Y ,REVOLUTION 5 ,ESPANA 7#a#i#c-#a#i#c#g7 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#g#d71 A MODIFI$ V]SION ( ,BRADEMAS'S HI*O-,SYNDICALI/ ,MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA91 #a#i#c-#a#i#c#g0 7,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY1 UNPUBLI%$1 #a#i#e#f74 ,! RECORD ( ! SPECIAL ,C,N,T CONGRESS 9 #a#i#c#a1 ,MEMORIAS DE ,CONGRESO ,EXTRAORD9>IO DE LA ,C4,N4,T4 CELEBRADO 5 ,MADRID LOS ,DIAS #aa AL #af DE .>UNIO DE #aica 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#c#a71 CONTA9S A REM>KABLE ACC\NT ( ! VICISSITUDES ( ! CONF$]ATION DUR+ ! CLOS+ YE>S ( ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,PEIRATS 9 ,LOS ,AN>QUI/AS 444 HAS AN AMUS+ ACC\NT ( ! F\ND+ MEET+ ( ! ,F,A,I 9 ,VAL5CIA BUT ! MO/ DETAIL$ N>RATIVE APPE>S 9 ,BRADEMAS'S BOOK AS A L5G?Y MEMOR&UM WRITT5 = ! AU?OR BY ,MIGUEL ,JIM5EZ1 :O PRESID$ AT ! CONF]5CE4 ,I ALSO RECEIV$ COLORFUL DETAILS ( ! PREP>ATION & C\RSE ( ?IS MEET+ FROM ,GA/ON ,LEVAL & ,JOSE ,PEIRATS1 BUT LIMITATIONS ( SPACE DID NOT MAKE IT POSSIBLE = ME TO 9CLUDE !M 9 ?IS VOLUME4 ,! BE/ DISCUSSION ,I HAVE 5C\NT]$ ( ! /RUCTURE ( ! ,F,A,I APPE>S 9 ,ILDEFONSO ,GONZALEZ'S ,I,I ,MOVIMI5TO ,LIB]T>IO ,SPAGNUOLO 7,NAPLES1 N4D471 SELECTIONS ( :I* W]E G5]\SLY TRANSLAT$ = MY USE FROM ! ,ITALIAN 9TO ,5GLI% BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ?IS V]Y IMPORTANT SURVEY DOES NOT AS YET APPE> 9 ANY O!R LANGUAGE4 #e4 ,! ,ROAD TO ,REVOLUTION ,BR5AN'S DISCUSSION ( ! P]IOD FROM #aica TO #aicf IS /ILL ! F9E/ G5]AL ACC\NT ( ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC4 ,GABRIEL ,JACKSON'S ,! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC & ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 #a#i#c#a-#a#i#c#i 7,PR9CETON1 #a#i#f#e7 IS V]Y USEFUL & PROVIDES MANY DETAILS ?AT >E NOT ORD9>ILY AVAILABLE 9 G5]AL HI/ORIES1 AL?\< ,I %>E ,NOAM ,*OMSKY'S CRITICISMS ( ! BOOK 9 HIS ,! ,COLD ,W> & ! ,NEW ,M&>9S4 ,HU< ,?OMAS'S ,! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#f#a7--A BOOK ?AT1 = SOME CURI\S REASON1 HAS ACQUIR$ ! REPUTATION ( BE+ A 0DEF9ITIVE0 HI/ORY ( ! CONFLICT--IS PRET5TI\S1 SUP]FICIAL1 & FACTUALLY UNRELIABLE4 ,= A DEVA/AT+ CRITIQUE ( ,?OMAS'S OEUVRE1 ! READ] %\LD CONSULT ,V]NON ,RI*>DS'S 0,JULY #a#i1 #a#i#c#f3 ,REPUBLIC OR ,REVOLUTION80 9 ,AN>*Y1 ,NO4 #e 7,JUTY_/#a#i#f#a71 & ,RI*>DS'S 9TRODUCTORY REM>KS TO ,GA/ON ,LEVAL'S ,COLLECTIVES 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 7,LONDON1 #a#i#g#e74 ,! BE/ ACC\NT ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM FROM #aica TO #aicf IS ,BRADEMAS'S ALREADY CIT$ DISS]TATION & ITS MODIFI$ TRANSLATION 9 BOOK =M 9TO ,SPANI%4 ,! OP5+ *APT]S 7,I TO ,I,X7 ( ,PEIRATS'S ,LA ,C4,N4,T4 5 LA ,REVOLUTION ,ESPANOLA1 ,VOL4 ,I 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#e#e71 >E 9DISP5SABLE = A KN[L$GE ( ,AN>*I/ ACTIVITIES DUR+ ! P]IOD4 ,! VOLUME CONSI/S 9 L>GE P>T1 ( DOCUM5TS ?AT >E IMPORTANT 9 CL>IFY+ ! VICISSITUDES ( ,AN>*I/ POLICY4 ,! READ] WILL ALSO OBTA9 A GOOD SURVEY ( ! EV5TS LEAD+ UP TO ! ,CIVIL ,W> & AN EXCELL5T ACC\NT ( ! OP5+ DAYS ( ! CONFLICT FROM ,PI]RE ,BR\E & ,EMILE ,TEMIME'S ,! ,REVOLUTION & ! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,SPA9 7,CAMBRIDGE1 #a#i#g71 A TRANSLATION FROM ! ,FR5* ( ONE ( ! BETT] G5]AL ACC\NTS ( ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,C]TA9LY ?IS VOLUME %\LD BE READ 9 PREF]5CE TO ,?OMAS'S VOLUME4 ,MALEFAKIS'S /UDY ( AGR>IAN UNRE/ 9 ! E>LY #a#i#cS IS IMM5SELY 9=MATIVE1 AL?\< IT IS DEF9ITELY UNSYMPA!TIC TO ! ,AN>*I/S &1 9 ITS CONCLUSION1 TO ! ,LIB]ALS4 ,ONE 5C\NT]S AN EV5 MORE M>K$ RI*$ & SO HIIAGA'S ,SPA9 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#e#h7 PRES5TS A LIB]AL 9T]PRETATION ( ! P]IOD & ( ! CONFLICTS BETWE5 ! ,U,G,T & ,C,N,T4 ,BU5ACASA'S ,LA ,C4,N4,T41 LOS ,TRE9TA Y LA ,F4,A4,I4 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#c#c7 PRES5TS ! \TLOOK ( ! ,F,A,I 9 ! DISPUTE ) ! ,C,N,T MOD]ATES BY A LEAD] :O IS BY NO MEANS A SPOKESMAN = ITS MO/ EXTREME W+4 ,PE/ANA'S MEMOIR1 ,LO QUE ,APR5DI 444 %\LD ALSO BE CONSULT$ TO GA9 ! VIEWS ( ONE ( ! ABLE/ ,C,N,T LEAD]S4 ,PEIRATS'S HI/ORICAL WORKS PROVIDE GOOD ACC\NTS ( ! CICLO DE LAS 9SURRECDONES & ,MANUEL ,VILL>'S ,EL ,AN>QUISMO Y LA ,9SURRECTION DE ,A/URIAS 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#c#f7 PRES5TS ! ,AN>*I/ V]SION ( ! ,A/URIAN UPRIS+4 ,AL?\< MO/ ( ,GA/ON ,LEVAL'S ,COLLECTIVES 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION DEALS ) ! ,CIVIL ,W> P]IOD1 ,P>T ,ONE ( ! BOOK PROVIDES A FIR/-RATE LIB]T>IAN ANALYSIS ( ! AGR>IAN SITUATION PRIOR TO ! REVOLUTION4 ,! RECORD ( ! ,S>AGOSSA CONGRESS ( ,MAY #aicf HAS BE5 REPUBLI%$ BY ,$ICIONES 0,C,N,T0 AS P>T ( ITS S]IES ,PROLEGOM5OS DE LA ,REVOLUTION DE .>ULIO 5 ,ESPANA UND] ! TITLE1 ,EL ,CONGRESO ,CONF$]AL DE ,Z>AGOZA 7N4P41 #a#i#e#e74 ,! READ] %\LD ALSO CONSULT ,ISAAC ,PU5TE'S ,EL ,COMUNISMO ,LIB]T>IO 7REPUBLI%$ AT ,T\L\SE1 #a#i#d#g71 A WORK :I* =M$ ! BASIC !ORETICAL DOCUM5T = ! CONGRESS'S DISCUSSION ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY4 ,MY *OICE ( ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN'S ,EL ,ORGANISMO ,EAMOMICO DE LA ,REVOLUTION 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#c#f71 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% UND] ! TITLE1 ,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#c#g71 AS ! MO/ USEFUL ( ! TWO WORKS WAS GUID$ BY ! NE$ = A MORE DISCURSIVE TREATM5T4 ,PU5TE'S PAMPHLET1 DESPITE ITS 9FLU5CE1 IS SC>CELY MORE ?AN A BRIEF \TL9E2 ,SANTILLAN'S BOOK IS A REFLECTIVE !ORETICAL WORK AS WELL AS AN 9=MATIVE GUIDE TO SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION4 ,ACC\NTS ( OP5+ DAYS ( ! REVOLUTION >E V]Y NUM]\S4 ,I HAVE ALREADY S+L$ \T ,BR\E & ,TEMIME'S SURVEY ( ! UPRIS+ 9 ! MAJOR CITIES ( ,SPA94 ,ONE ( ! MO/ DETAIL$ ACC\NTS ( ! DAY-BY-DAY CONFLICT 9 ,MADRID & ,B>CELONA APPE>S 9 ,ABEL ,PAZ'S ,P>ADIGMA DE UNA ,REVOLUTION 7N4P41 N4D471 PUBLI%$ BY ,$ICIONES 0,A,T,T10 ! CONCLUD+ PORTION ( :I* CONTA9S APPEALS 9 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A FROM ,JULY #ai TO ,JULY #b#c1 #a#i#c#f4 ,PORTIONS ( ,S4 ,CANOVAS ,C]VANTES'S ,DURRUTI Y ,ASCASO3 ,LA ,C4,N4,T4 Y LA ,REVOLUTION DE FULIO1 PUBLI%$ BY ,$ICIONES 0,PAG9AS ,LIBRES0 7,T\L\SE1 N4D471 DEAL ) ! UPRIS+ IJ@5 ,B>CELONA4 ,AN ASSESSM5T ( ! EV5TS LEAD+ TO ! REVOLUTION & ACTUAL \TBREAK ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> BY ONE ( ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL ,AN>*I/ 0/ATESM50 ( ! P]IOD WILL BE F\ND 9 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN'S ,POR QUE ,P]DIMOS LA ,GU]RA 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#d71 ! OP5+ *APT]S ( :I* PROVIDE AN ACC\NT ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T FROM ! ,FIR/ TO ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC & ! \TBREAK ( ! ,JULY UPRIS+4 ,= A %>P CRITICISM BY AN ,5GLI% ,AN>*I/ ( ! ,F,A,I & ,C,N,T'S P]=MANCE ON ! EVE ( ! UPRIS+ AS WELL AS ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 SEE ,V]NON ,RI*>D'S ,! ,LESSONS ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 7,LONDON1 #a#i#e#c74 ,NOTE ON ,S\RCES ,! GREAT] P>T ( ?IS VOLUME WAS COMPLET$ 9 #aig & ,I DID NOT HAVE ! B5EFIT ( ANY VOLUMES CIT$ ABOVE ?AT W]E PUBLI%$ AFT] #a#i#f#i4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ,I C\LD NOT USE ! LAT] VOLUMES ( ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN'S ,CONTRIBUTION A LA ,HI/ORIA DE ,MOVIMI5TO ,OBR]O ,ESPANOL1 ,JOSEF ,T]MES'S ,AN>QUISMO Y ,S9DICALISMO 5 ,ESPANA1 ,CL>A ,E4 ,LIDA'S ,AN>QUISMO Y ,REVOLUTION 5 LA ,ESPANA DEL ,X,I,X & H] ACCOMPANY+ VOLUME ( DOCUM5TS1 ,DOLG(F & ,LEHN+'S COMPILATIONS ( ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S1 ,$W>D ,MALEFAKIS'S ,AGR>IAN ,RE=M & ,PEASANT ,REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA91 ,G]ALD ,MEAK]'S ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,LEFT 9 ,SPA91 ,ABEL ,PAZ'S ,DURRUTI3 ,LE ,PEUPLE 5 ,>MES1 & ! ,SPANI% V]SION ( ,JOHN ,BRADEMAS'S DISS]TATION EXCEPT 9S(> AS !Y CONTA9$ MAT]IAL ?AT APPLI$ TO ! CONCLUD+ *APT]1 0,! ,ROAD TO ,REVOLUTION40 ,:]EV] POSSIBLE1 H[EV]1 !SE VOLUMES W]E US$ TO CORRECT ]RORS &1 TO A LIMIT$ EXT5T1 EXP& ACC\NTS ( EV5TS = :I* !RE WAS LITTLE AVAILABLE DATA4 ,NE>LY ALL ! REMA9+ WORKS CIT$ 9 ?IS 0,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,ESSAY0 5T]$ 9TO ! PREP>ATION ( ?IS VOLUME4 ,! DISCUSSION ON ! E>LY HI/ORY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,SPA9 RELIES HEAVILY ON ,ANSELMO ,LOR5ZO'S MEMOIRS1 ,NETTLAU'S ACC\NTS ( ! E>LY ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S1 ,M>TI1 ,G>CIA ,V5]O1 & ,DIAZ DEL ,MORAL4 ,BU5ACASA1 ,JOAN ,CONNELLY ,ULLMAN1 ,PEIRATS1 ,BACELLS1 & ! V>I\S BIOGRAPHIES1 MEMOIRS1 & DOCUM5TS M5TION$ 9 ! BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY %\LD BE S+L$ \T AS MAJOR S\RCES ( ! LAT] EV5TS DESCRIB$ 9 ?IS BOOK4 ,I CONSULT$ MANY CONV5TIONAL P]IODICALS ( ! DAY1 9CLUD+ CONTEMPOR>Y NEWSPAP]S 9 ,SPANI%1 ,5GLI%1 & ,FR5*1 :I* CA/ LI*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,I ALSO HAD ! B5EFIT ( 9DIVIDUAL ISSUES ( ,LA ,REVI/A ,BLANCA1 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A1 & ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD 9 ,AM]ICAN LIBR>IES & PRIVATE COLLECTIONS4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigg 3 ,*APT] #aa -- ,PUBLICATION4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/