,9TRODUCTION #aiGE/ MOVEM5T 9 PRE-,FRANCO ,SPA9 WAS GREATLY 9FLU5C$ BY ,AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,9 #a#i#c#f1 ON ! EVE ( ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 APPROXIMATELY A MILLION PEOPLE W]E MEMB]S ( ! ,AN>*OSYNDICALI/ ,C,N,T 7,CONF$]ATION ,NATIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO1 OR ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR7--AN IMM5SE FOLL[+ IF ONE BE>S 9 M9D ?AT ! ,SPANI% POPULATION NUMB]$ ONLY TW5TY-F\R MILLION4 ,UNTIL ! VICTORY ( ,FRANCO1 ! ,C,N,T REMA9$ ONE ( ! L>GE/ LABOR F$]ATIONS 9 ,SPA94 ,B>CELONA1 !N ! L>GE/ 9DU/RIAL CITY 9 ,SPA91 BECAME AN ,AN>*OSYNDICALI/ 5CLAVE )9 ! REPUBLIC4 ,ITS WORK+ CLASS1 OV]:ELM+LY COMMITT$ TO ! ,C,N,T1 E/ABLI%$ A F>-REA*+ SY/EM ( SYNDICALI/ SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,FACTORIES1 UTILITIES1 TRANSPORT FACILITIES1 EV5 RETAIL & :OLESALE 5T]PRISES1 W]E TAK5 OV] & ADM9I/]$ BY WORK]S' COMMITTEES & UNIONS4 ,! CITY ITSELF WAS POLIC$ BY A P>T-TIME GU>D ( WORK+M5 & JU/ICE WAS MET$ \T BY POPUL> REVOLUTION>Y TRIBUNALS4 ,NOR WAS ,B>CELONA ALONE 9 ?IS RADICAL RECON/RUCTION ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL LIFE2 ! MOVEM5T1 9 V>Y+ DEGREES1 EMBRAC$ ,VAL5CIA1 ,MALAGA1 ,C,N,T-CONTROLL$ FACTORIES 9 ! L>GE ,BASQUE 9DU/RIAL CITIES1 & SMALL] COMMUNITIES SU* AS ,LLEIDA1 ,ALCOY1 ,GRANOLL]S1 ,GIRONA1 & ,RUBI4 ,MANY ( ! L& LABOR]S & PEASANTS ( ,&ALUSIA W]E ALSO ,AN>*I/ 9 \TLOOK4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ FEW WEEKS ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 BE=E ! S\? ( ,SPA9 WAS OV]RUN BY FASCI/ >MIES1 !SE RURAL PEOPLE E/ABLI%$ COMMUNAL SY/EMS ( L& T5URE1 9 SOME CASES ABOLI%+ ! USE ( MONEY = 9T]NAL TRANSACTIONS1 E/ABLI%+ FREE1 COMMUNI/IC SY/EMS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 & CREAT+ A DECISION-MAK+ PROC$URE BAS$ ON POPUL> ASSEMBLIES & DIRECT1 FACE-TO-FACE DEMOCRACY4 ,P]HAPS EV5 MORE SIGNIFICANT W]E ! WELL-ORGANIZ$ ,AN>*I/ COLLECTIVES 9 ,REPUBLICAN-HELD >EAS ( ,>AGON1 :I* W]E GR\P$ 9TO A NETWORK UND] ! ,C\NCIL ( ,>AGON1 L>GELY UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,COLLECTIVES T5D$ TO PR$OM9ATE 9 MANY >EAS ( ,CATALONIA & ! ,LEVANT1 & W]E COMMON EV5 9 ,SOCIALI/-CONTROLL$ ,CA/ILE4 ,!SE EXP]I5CES ALONE1 SO *ALL5G+ TO POPUL> NOTIONS ( A LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY AS AN UNWORKABLE UTOPIA1 W\LD W>RANT A BOOK ON ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM4 ,BUT !Y ALSO HAVE A C]TA9 9TR9SIC 9T]E/4 ,TO ANYONE ) A CONC]N = NOVEL SOCIAL =MS1 ! ,AN>*I/ COLLECTIVES ( ,SPA9 RAISE MANY FASC9AT+ QUE/IONS3 H[ W]E ! COLLECTIVE F>MS & FACTORIES E/ABLI%$8 ,H[ WELL DID !Y WORK8 ,DID !Y CREATE1 ANY ADM9I/RATIVE DIFFICULTIES8 ,!SE COLLECTIVES1 MOREOV]1 W]E NOT M]E EXP]IM5TS CREAT$ BY IDLE DREAM]S2 !Y EM]G$ FROM A DRAMATIC SOCIAL REVOLUTION ?AT WAS TO M>K ! CLIMAX--& TRAGIC 5D--( ! TRADITIONAL WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,HI*I/S WAS ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> ITSELF1 AN UN=GETTABLE CONFLICT ?AT WAS TO LA/ NE>LY ?REE' BITT] YE>S1 CLAIM AN E/IMAT$ MILLION LIVES1 & /IR ! DEEPE/ PASSIONS ( PEOPLE ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,NO LESS SIGNIFICANT WAS ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T FROM ! #a#h#gS TO ! MID-#a#i#cS--ITS =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 ITS 9FLU5CE ON ! LIVES ( ORD9>Y WORK]S & PEASANTS1 ITS 9T]NAL CONFLICTS1 & ITS V>I$ =TUNES4 ,= ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM REMA9$ ABOVE ALL A PEOPLES' MOVEM5T1 REFLECT+ ! *]I%$ IDEALS1 DREAMS1 & VALUES ( ORD9>Y 9DIVIDUALS1 NOT AN ESOT]IC CR$O & TITY F> REMOV$ FROM ! EV]YDAY EXP]I5CES ( ! VILLAG] & FACTORY ,WORK]4 ,! RESILI5CY & T5ACITY ?AT-KEPT ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM ALIVE 9 URBAN B>RIOS & RURAL PUEBLOS = NE>LY SEV5TY YE>S1 DESPITE UNREL5T+ P]SECUTION1 IS UND]/&ABLE ONLY IF WE VIEW ?IS MOVEM5T AS AN EXPRESSION ( PLEBIAN ,SPANI% SOCIETY ITSELF RA!R ?AN AS A BODY ( EXOTIC LIB]T>IAN DOCTR9ES4 ,! PRES5T VOLUME 7! FIR/ ( TWO ?AT WILL TRACE ! HI/ORY ( ! MOVEM5T UP TO ! CURR5T P]IOD7 IS PRIM>ILY CONC]N$ ) ! ORGANIZATIONAL & SOCIAL ISSUES ?AT M>K$ ! YE>S ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM'S ASC5DANCY &1 F9ALLY1 ( ITS DRIFT T[>D CIVIL W>--A SPAN ( TIME ,I HAVE DESIGNAT$ AS ITS 0H]OIC P]IOD40 ,DESPITE ! FASC9ATION ?AT ! COLLECTIVES ( #a#i#c#f-#c#i HOLD = US1 ,I BELIEVE IT IS IMM5SELY REW>D+ TO EXPLORE H[ ORD9>Y WORK]S & PEASANTS = NE>LY ?REE G5]ATIONS MANAG$ TO BUILD ! COMBATIVE ORGANIZATIONS ?AT =M$ ! UND]P9N+ ( !SE COLLECTIVES2 H[ !Y MANAG$ TO CLAIM = !MSELVES & 9CORPORATE 9 !IR EV]YDAY LIVES REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETIES & UNIONS ?AT WE NORMALLY RELEGATE TO ! WORK PLACE & ! POLITICAL SPH]E4 ,QUITE AS SIGNIFICANT 9 MY EYES >E ! ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURES1 SO LIB]T>IAN 9 *>ACT]1 ?AT MADE IT POSSIBLE = WORK]S & PEASANTS TO P>TICIPATE 9 !SE SOCIETIES & UNIONS1 TO EX]CISE EXTRAORD9>Y CONTROL OV] !IR POLICIES1 & TO GA9 = !MSELVES A NEW S5SE ( P]SONALITY & 9N] 9DIVIDUAL /R5G?4 ,:ATEV] \R VIEWS ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM1 IT HAS F> TOO MU* TO TEA* US TO REMA9 SO LITTLE KN[N TO ! G5]AL READ]1 & IT IS PRIM>ILY = ?IS READ] ?AT ,I HAVE WRITT5 ! PRES5T VOLUME4 ,TO A C]TA9 EXT5T ,I HAVE BE5 RESE>*+ ! MAT]IALS = ?IS BOOK S9CE ! E>LY #a#i#fS4 ,9 #aifg ,I BEGAN SY/EMATICALLY TO GA!R DATA ) A VIEW T[>D WRIT+ IT DUR+ A L5G?Y TRIP TO ,EUROPE1 :]E ,I 9T]VIEW$ EXIL$ ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S4 ,! PRES5T VOLUME WAS ALMO/ 5TIRELY COMPLET$ BY #a#i#f#i4 ,AT ?AT TIME VIRTUALLY NO LIT]ATURE EXI/$ 9 ,5GLI% ON ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM EXCEPT = ,G]ALD ,BR5AN'S EMPA!TIC BUT RA!R DNCOMPLETE ACC\NTS 9 ,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? & ! L>GELY P]SONAL N>RATIVES ( ,FRANZ ,BORK5AU & ,GEORGE ,ORWELL4 ,AP>T FROM !SE WORKS1 ! SCANTY REF]5CES TO ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S 9 ,5GLI% SEEM$ APPALL+LY 9S5SITIVE TO ! IDEALS ( A V]Y SIZABLE SECTION ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE4 ,EV5 TODAY1 MO/ ( ! WORKS ON ,SPA9 BY CONS]VATIVE1 LIB]AL1 & ,M>XI/ WRIT]S (F] NO S]I\S APPRAISAL ( ! LIB]T>IAN VIEWPO9T & EXHIBIT %OCK+ MALICE T[>D ITS SO-CALL$ 0EXTREME0 W+ AS REPRES5T$ BY ! ,AN>*I/ ACTION GR\PS4 ,IT MAY WELL BE FELT BY MANY /UD5TS ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM ?AT ,I HAVE GONE TO ANO!R EXTREME4 ,P]HAPS--BUT IT SEEM$ ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO ME1 :ATEV] MY P]SONAL RES]VATIONS1 ?AT ! VOICES ( !SE GR\PS BE EXPRESS$ ) A GREAT] DEGREE ( UND]/&+ ?AN !Y HAVE G5]ALLY RECEIV$4 ,! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 9 FACT1 WAS V]Y MU* P>T ( MY [N LIFE & AFFECT$ ME MORE DEEPLY ?AN ANY O!R CONFLICT 9 A LIFETIME ?AT HAS SE5 A T]RIBLE 9T]NATIONAL W> & ! DECADES ( NE>LY *RONIC W>F>E ?AT FOLL[$ IT4 ,MY SYMPA?IES1 9DE$ MY ,UTT] DEVOTION1 LAY ) ! ,SPANI% LEFT1 :I* ,I 9ITIALLY ID5TIFI$ AS A V]Y Y\NG MAN ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY &1 LAT]1 AS ! ,CIVIL ,W> CAME TO ITS T]RIBLE CLOSE1 ) ! ,P,\,M 7,P>TIDO ,OBR]O DE ,UNIFICATION ,M>XI/A74 ,BY ! LATE #a#i#eS1 H[EV]1 ,I HAD BECOME MORE 9=M$ AB\T ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM1 A MOVEM5T ?AT HAD BE5 LITTLE KN[N TO ,AM]ICAN RADICALS ( ! #a#i#cS1 & BEGAN TO /UDY ITS ORIG9S & TRAJECTORY4 ,AS ONE :O HAD LIV$ ?R\< ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> P]IOD1 9DE$1 :O VIVIDLY RECALL$ ! UPRIS+ ( ! ,A/URIAN M9]S 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#d1#a ?\Y TO CORRECT ! FALSE IMAGE ?AT1 IF IT EXI/$ 9 MY M9D1 ALMO/ C]TA9LY EXI/$ 9 ! M9DS ( MY LESS POLITICALLY 9VOLV$ CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,?US ?IS BOOK IS 9 P>T A R$ISCOV]Y ( A MAGNIFIC5T HI/ORIC EXP]I5CE ?AT CULM9AT$ 9 A DEEPLY MOV+ TRAG$Y4 ,I HAVE TRI$ TO (F] AT LEA/ AN UND]/&+ VOICE TO ?OSE LIB]TY-LOV+ PEOPLE :O M>*$1 F\*OSYNDICALISM1 TO PAY A FAIR TRIBUTE TO !IR IDEALISM )\T REMOV+ !IR ORGANIZATIONS FROM ! LIY FACTOR MOTIVAT$ ME TO WRITE ?IS BOOK4 ,! APPE>ANCE ( ! BLACK FLAG ( ,AN>*ISM 9 ! /REETS ( ,P>IS & MANY ,AM]ICAN CITIES DUR+ ! #a#i#fS1 ! /RONG AN>*I/IC S5TIM5TS ( RADICAL Y\? DUR+ ?AT F]V5T DECADE1 & ! WIDE 9T]E/ 9 ,AN>*I/ !ORIES ?AT EXI/S TODAY1 SEEM TO W>RANT AN ACC\NT & EVALUATION ( ! L>GE/ ORGANIZ$ ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T TO APPE> 9 \R C5TURY4 ,!RE >E MANY DIFF]5CES1 TO BE SURE1 BETWE5 ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( ,SPA9 & ! AN>*I/IC CURR5TS ?AT SEEM$ TO FL[ 9 ! Y\? REVOLT ( ! #a#i#fS4 ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM WAS ROOT$ 9 AN ]A ( MAT]IAL SC>CITY2 ITS ESS5TIAL ?RU/ WAS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! POV]TY & EXPLOITATION ?AT HAD R$UC$ MILLIONS ( ,SPANI% WORK]S & PEASANTS TO NE>-ANIMAL SQUALOR4 ,NOT SURPRIS+LY1 ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S SAW ! WORLD ?R\< PURITANICAL L5SES4 ,LIV+ 9 A SOCIETY :]E LITTLE WAS AVAILABLE = ALL TO 5JOY1 !Y EXCORIAT$ ! DISSOLUT5ESS ( ! RUL+ CLASSES AS GROSSLY IMMORAL4 ,!Y REACT$ TO ! OPUL5CE & IDL5ESS ( ! WEAL?Y ) A /EM E?ICAL CR$O ?AT EMPHASIZ$ DUTY1 ! JESPONSIBILITY ( ALL TO WORK1 & A DISDA9 = ! PLEASURES ( ! FLE%4 ,! AN>*I/IC Y\? ( ! #a#i#fS1 ON ! O!R H&1 HELD DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSITE VIEWS4 ,RAIS$ 9 AN ]A ( DAZZL+ ADVANCES 9 TE*NOLOGY & PRODUCTIVITY1 !Y QUE/ION$ ! NE$ = TOIL & ! R5UNCIATION ( PLEASURE4 ,!IR CR$OS W]E S5SU\S & H$ONI/IC4 ,:E!R !Y W]E CONSCI\S ( TRADITION OR NOT1 !IR PLEA = 5L>G+ EXP]I5CE SEEM$ TO E*O ! WRIT+S ( ,SADE1 ,LAUTREAMONT1 FHE ,DADAI/S1 & ! SURREALI/S RA!R ?AN ?OSE ( ! 0CLASSICAL0 ,AN>*I/S ( A C5TURY AGO4 ,YET :5 ,I />T$ ?IS BOOK1 ,I C\LD NOT HELP FEEL+ ?AT AN AG+ ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ EASILY C\LD HAVE COMMUNICAT$ ) ! REVOLUTION>Y Y\? ( ! #a#i#fS & ) ! ECOLOGICALLY ORI5T$ Y\NG PEOPLE ( TODAY4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO ,M>XIAN MOVEM5TS1 ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM PLAC$ A /RONG EMPHASIS ON LIFE-/YLE3 ON A TOTAL REMAK+ ( FHE 9DIVIDUAL ALONG LIB]T>IAN L9ES4 ,IT DEEPLY VALU$ SPONTANEITY1 PASSION1 & 9ITIATIVE FROM BEL[4 ,& IT ?OR\*Y M ANY =M4 ,DESPITE ITS /]N MORAL \TLOOK1 ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM OPPOS$ ! M>RIAGE C]EMONY AS A B\RGEOIS %AM1 ADVOCAT+ 9/EAD A FREE UNION ( P>TN]S1 & IT REG>D$ SEXUAL PRACTICES AS A PRIVATE AFFAIR1 GOV]NABLE ONLY BY A RESPECT = ! RI*AL TRADITIONS1 TO RECOGNIZE :AT A BOLD DEP>TURE ,AN>*I/ PRACTICES REPRES5T$ FROM ! NORMS ( EV5 ! POORE/1 MO/ EXPLOIT$1 & MO/ NEGLECT$ CLASSES 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,ABOVE ALL1 ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM WAS VITALLY EXP]IM5TAL4 ,! ,SUMM]HTLL-TYPE S*OOLS ( REC5T MEMORY W]E ! DIRECT HEIRS ( EXP]IM5TS 9 LIB]T>IAN $UCATION 9ITIAT$ BY ,SPANI% 9TELLECTUALS :O HAD BE5 N\RI%$ BY ,AN>*I/ IDEALS4 ,! CONCEPT ( LIV+ CLOSE TO NATURE L5T ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM SOME ( ITS MO/ UNIQUE FEATURES--VEGET>IAN DIETS1 (T5 FAVOR+ UNCOOK$ FOODS2 ECOLOGICAL HORTICULTURE2 SIMPLICITY ( DRESS2 A PASSION = ! C\NTRYSIDE2 EV5 NUDISM--BUT SU* EXPRESSIONS ( 0NATURALISM0 ALSO BECAME ! SUBJECT ( MU* BUFFOON]Y 9 ! ,SPANI% PRESS ( ! TIME 7& ( CONDESC5D+ DISDA9 ON ! P>T ( MANY PRES5T-DAY ACADEMICIANS74 ,! MOVEM5T WAS KE5LY PREOCCUPI$ ) ALL ! CONCRETE DETAILS ( A FUTURE LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY4 ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S AVIDLY DISCUSS$ ALMO/ EV]Y *ANGE A REVOLUTION C\LD4BE EXPECT$ TO MAKE 9 !IR DAILY LIVES1 & MANY ( !M IMM$IATELY TRANSLAT$ PRECEPT 9TO PRACTICE AS F> AS ?IS WAS HUMANLY POSSIBLE4 ,?\S&S ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S ALT]$ !IR DIETS & AB&ON$ SU* HABIT-=M+ 0VICES0 AS CIG>ETTE-SMOK+ & DR9K+4 ,MANY BECAME PR(ICI5T 9 ,ESP]ANTO 9 ! CONVICTION ?AT1 AFT] ! REVOLUTION1 ALL NATIONAL B>RI]S W\LD FALL AWAY & HUMAN BE+S W\LD SPEAK A COMMON LANGUAGE & %>E A COMMON CULTURAL TRADITION4 ,?IS HI< S5SE ( COMMUNITY & SOLID>ITY GAVE RISE TO ! ,AN>*I/ 0AFF9ITY GR\P10 AN ORGANIZATIONAL =M BAS$ NOT M]ELY ON POLITICAL OR IDEOLOGICAL TIES1 BUT (T5 ON CLOSE FRI5D%IP & DEEP P]SONAL 9VOLVEM5T4 ,9 A MOVEM5T ?AT CALL$ = ! USE ( DIRECT ACTION1 ,AN>*I/ GR\PS PRODUC$ 9DIVIDUALS ( UNUSUAL *>ACT] & /RIK+ BOLDNESS4 ,TO BE SURE1 ,I W\LD NOT WANT !SE REM>KS TO CREATE ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS A REVOLUTION>Y CRUSADE ( UNCOMPROMIS+1 MORALLY UNBLEMI%$ 0SA9TS40 ,LIKE ALL ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,SPA91 ! MOVEM5T HAD ITS FAIR %>E ( SELF-SEEK+ OPPORTUNI/S :O BETRAY$ ITS LIB]T>IAN IDEALS 9 CRITICAL MOM5TS ( /RUGGLE4 ,BUT :AT MADE IT UNIQUE1 EV5 9 A L& :]E C\RAGE & DIGNITY HAVE ALWAYS BE5 HIKABLE P]SONALITIES LIKE ,F]M9 ,SALVO*EA1 ,ANSELMO ,LOR5ZO1 & ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI1 :O LIT]ALLY P]SONIFI$ DIFF]5T ASPECTS ( ITS TEMP]AM5T & LIB]T>IAN IDEALS4 ,IT HAS BE5 MY GOOD =TUNE TO MEET SOME ( ! BE/ LIV+ REPRES5TATIVES ( ?IS MOVEM5T 9 !IR PLACES ( EXILE & TO GA9 !IR ASSI/ANCE 9 GA!R+ MAT]IAL = ?IS BOOK4 ,I DO NOT CLAIM TO HAVE WRITT5 AN EXHAU/IVE ACC\NT ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM4 ,= AN AU?OR TO MAKE SU* A CLAIM W\LD REQUIRE ! BACK+ ( SEV]AL VOLUMES4 ,! S*OL>LY LIT]ATURE CONSI/S ( SIZABLE WORKS ?AT DEAL ) P]IODS ( A DECADE OR LESS1 A LIT]ATURE ?AT IS NOT LIKELY TO COMM& ! ATT5TION ( ! G5]AL READ]4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ,I HAVE *OS5 TO DWELL UPON ! TURN+ PO9TS ( ! MOVEM5T1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE MOM5TS ( SOCIAL CREATIVITY :I* >E LIKELY TO HAVE IMPORTANCE = \R [N TIME4 ,I HAVE ALSO TRI$ TO TELL ! /ORY ( ! MORE \T/&+ ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S3 ! SA9T-LIKE ASCETICS & FI]Y PI/OL]OS1 ! DEFIANT T]RORI/S & PLODD+ ORGANIZ]S1 ! S*OL>LY !ORI/S & UNTUTOR$ ACTIVI/S4 ,! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> CAME TO AN 5D ALMO/ =TY YE>S AGO4 ,! G5]ATION ?AT WAS SO DEEPLY 9VOLV$ IH ITS AFFAIRS1 :E!R 9 ,SPA9 ITSELF OR ABROAD1 IS PASS+ AWAY4 ,A REAL DANG] EXI/S ?AT ! PASSIONS >\S$ BY ?IS IMM5SE CONFLICT WILL DISAPPE> 9 ! FUTURE LIT]ATURE ON ! SUBJECT4 ,& )\T ?AT PASSION1 IT WILL BE DIFFICULT TO APPRAISE ! L>GE/ POPUL> MOVEM5T 9 ! CONFLICT--! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S--= IT WAS A MOVEM5T ?AT MADE SPIRITUAL DEM&S ( ITS ADH]5TS ?AT >E (T5 9COMPREH5SIBLE TODAY4 ,LEAV+ ASIDE ! *ANGES 9 LIFE-/YLE ,I'VE ALREADY NOT$1 ,I %\LD EMPHASIZE ?AT TO BE AN ,AN>*I/ 9 ,SPA91 9DE$1 TO BE A RADICAL G5]ALLY 9 ! #a#i#cS1 MEANT ?AT ONE WAS UNCOMPROMIS+LY OPPOS$ TO ! E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 ,EV5 ,SOCIALI/S RETA9$ ?IS HI< S5SE ( REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLE1 9 ,SPA9 & 9 MANY O!R C\NT+S1 DESPITE ! RE=MISM ( ! ,COMMUNI/ & ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TIES4 ,TO P>TICIPATE 9 B\RGEOIS CAB9ETS1 = EXAMPLE1 E>N$ ONE ! EPI!T ( 0,MILL]&ISM10 A H>%LY D]OGATORY T]M :I* REF]R$ TO ! UNPREC$5T$ 5TRY ( ! ,FR5* ,SOCIALI/ ,MILL]& 9TO A B\RGEOIS CAB9ET PRIOR TO ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>4 ,TODAY1 AN ECUM5ICAL RE=MISM IS TAK5 = GRANT$ BY VIRTUALLY ! 5TIRE LEFT4 ,IF ! WORD 0,MILL]&ISM0 HAS BE5 DROPP$ FROM ! POLITICAL VOCABUL>Y ( ! LEFT1 IT IS NOT BECAUSE REVOLUTION>Y 0PURITY0 HAS BE5 RE/OR$ 9 ! MAJOR WORK]S' P>TIES BUT1 QUITE TO ! CONTR>Y1 BECAUSE ! PRACTICE IS TOO WIDESPREAD TO REQUIRE AN OPPROBRI\S DESIGNATION4 ,! T]M 0LIB]T>IAN10 DEVIS$ BY ,FR5* ,AN>*I/S TO DEAL ) ! H>% ANTI-,AN>*I/ LEGISLATION AT ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 HAS LO/ VIRTUALLY ALL ITS REVOLUTION>Y MEAN+4 ,! WORD 0,AN>*I/0 ITSELF BECOMES MEAN+LESS :5 IT IS US$ AS A SELFDESCRIPTION BY POLITICAL DILETTANTES SO LIIAN OR RE=MI/IC ORGANIZATIONS AS CASUALLY AS !Y *ANGE A BR& ( BREAD OR C(FEE4 ,CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALISM1 ) ITS 0REVOLUTION>Y0 MOTOR VEHICLES & H& LOTIONS1 HAS SUBV]T$ NOT ONLY ! TIME-HONOR$ IDEALS ( RADICALISM1 BUT ! LANGUAGE & NOM5CLATURE = EXPRESS+ !M4 ,IT IS EMOTIONALLY REFRE%+ AS WELL AS 9TELLECTUALLY REW>D+ TO LOOK BACK TO A TIME :5 !SE WORDS /ILL HAD MEAN+1 9DE$1 :5 CONT5T & CONVICTION AS SU* HAD DEF9ITION & REALITY4 ,PEOPLE TODAY DO NOT HOLD IDEALS2 !Y HOLD 0OP9IONS40 ,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S1 AS WELL AS MANY O!R RADICALS ( ! PRE-,CIVIL ,W> ]A1 /ILL HAD IDEALS :I* !Y DID NOT LID LIKE ! BR& NAMES ( PRODUCTS4 ,! ,AN>*I/S IMP>T$ A SPIRITUAL MEAN+1 9TELLECTUAL LOGIC1 & DIGNITY TO ! LIB]T>IAN IDEAL :I* PRECLUD$ FLIRTATIONS ) !IR OPPON5TS--?OSE NOT ONLY 9 ! B\RGEOIS WORLD BUT ALSO 9 ! AU?ORIT>IAN LEFT4 ,H[EV] UNSOPHI/ICAT$ !Y PROV$ TO BE 9 MANY IDEOLOGICAL MATT]S1 IT W\LD HAVE SEEM$ 9CONCEIVABLE TO !M ?AT AN ,AN>*I/ C\LD ACKN[L$GE ! COEXI/5CE ( A PROP]TI$ SECTOR ( SOCIETY ) A COLLECTIVE ONE1 IGNORE OR SLIIAN P>TY1 H[EV] 0LIB]T>IAN0 !IR OPPON5TS MI* T[>D ,MADRID 9 ! LATE SUMM] ( #aicf & ! PHYSICAL HEMORRHAGE ?AT CLAIM$ SO MANY LIVES 9 ! LONG C\RSE ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> PRODUC$ A SPIRITUAL HEMORRHAGE AS WELL1 BR++ TO ! SURFACE ALL ! LAT5T WEAKNESSES ( ! CLASSICAL WORK]S' MOVEM5T AS SU*1 BO? ,AN>*I/ & ,SOCIALI/4 ,I HAVE PO9T$ TO SOME ( !SE WEAKNESSES 9 ! CLOS+ *APT] ( ?IS VOLUME4 ,BUT A HI< S5SE ( REVOLUTION>Y COMMITM5T REMA9$ & CONT9U$ = DECADES4 ,?AT EV5TS 9VOLV+ ! %E] PHYSICAL SURVIVAL ( PEOPLE MAY 9DUCE COMPROMISES BETWE5 IDEALS & REALITIES IS NO MORE SURPRIS+ 9 ! LIFETIME ( A MOVEM5T ?AN IT IS 9 ?AT ( AN 9DIVIDUAL4 ,BUT ?AT !SE V]Y IDEALS %\LD BE CASUALLY DISMISS$ OR =GOTT51 REPLAC$ BY A FLIPPANT ECUM5ICALISM 9 :I* ONE DEALS ) SOCIAL GOALS LIKE FA%IONS1 IS UN=GIVABLE4 ,MY FEEL+ = ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ S5SE ( COMMITM5T TO A HIIAN IDEAL--ORGANIZATIONALLY AS WELL AS IDEOLOGICALLY--=MS /ILL ANO!R P>T ( MY MOTIVES = WRIT+ ?IS BOOK4 ,A DEC5T RESPECT = ! MEMORY ( ! MANY ?\S&S :O P]I%$ = !IR LIB]T>IAN GOALS W\LD REQUIRE ?AT WE /ATE !SE GOALS CLE>LY & UNEQUIVOCALLY1 QUITE ASIDE FROM :E!R WE AGREE ) !M OR NOT4 ,= SURELY !SE DEAD DES]VE ! M9IMAL TRIBUTE ( ID5TIFY+ ,AN>*ISM ) SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 NOT ) FA%IONABLE CONCEPTS ( DEC5TRALIZATION & SELF-MANAGEM5T ?AT COM=TABLY COEXI/ ) /ATE P[]1 ! PR(IT ECONOMY1 & MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS4 ,FEW PEOPLE TODAY SEEM CONC]N$ TO DI/+UI% ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S' V]SION ( REVOLUTION>Y DEC5TRALIZATION & SELF-MANAGEM5T FROM ! LIB]AL ONES ?AT >E SO MU* 9 VOGUE4 ,ANSELMO ,LOR5ZO1 ,F]M9 ,SALVO*EA1 & ! Y\NG FAI/AS ( ! #a#i#cS W\LD HAVE BE5 APPALL$ AT ! CLAIM ?AT !IR IDEAS HAD F\ND REALIZATION 9 PRES5T-DAY ,*9ESE 0COMMUNES0 OR 9 ! ,EUROPEAN TRADE-UNION LEAD]S :O SIT AS 0WORK]S' REPRES5TATIVES0 ON CORPORATE BO>DS ( DIRECTORS4 ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ NOTIONS ( COMMUNES1 SELF-MANAGEM5T1 & TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATION >E TOTALLY 9COMPATIBLE ) ANY SY/EM ( /ATE P[] OR PRIVATE PROP]TY & UTT]LY OPPOS$ TO ANY COMPROMISE ) B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,CONTEMPORANEITY ALONE DOES NOT1 9 MY VIEW1 E/ABLI% ! NE$ = A BOOK ON ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM4 ,I C\LD EASILY HAVE ADDUC$ ,FRANCO'S DEA? AS JU/IFICATION = (F]+ ?IS BOOK TO ! PUBLIC1 & C]TA9LY IT C\LD BE CIT$ AS A GOOD REASON = READ+ SU* A WORK1 BUT MY MOTIVES = WRIT+ IT >E NOT TO BE EXPLA9$ BY ! CURR5T 9T]E/ 9 ,SPA94 ,! BASIC QUE/ION RAIS$ BY ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM WAS :E!R IT IS POSSIBLE = PEOPLE TO GA9 FULL1 DIRECT71 FACE-TO-FACE CONTROL OV] !IR EV]YDAY LIVES1 TO MANAGE SOCIETY 9 !IR [N WAY--NOT AS 0MASSES0 GUID$ BY PR(ESSIONAL LEAD]S1 BUT AS ?OR\ UPRIS+ ( ,JULY #a#i#c#f1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,AN>*I/ C5T]S ( ,SPA91 TRI$ TO APPROXIMATE ?IS GOAL4 ,?AT ! EF=T FAIL$ AT A T]RIBLE CO/ 9 LIFE & MORALE DOES NOT QJXLLIFY ! 9H]5T TRU? ( ! GOAL ITSELF4 ,F9ALLY1 ,I W\LD LIKE TO REM9D ! READ] ?AT ,SPANI% LIFE HAS *ANG$ GREATLY FROM ! CONDITIONS DESCRIB$ 9 ?IS VOLUME4 ,SPA9 IS NO LONG] A PR$OM9ANTLY AGR>IAN C\NTRY & ! TRADITIONAL PUEBLO IS RAPIDLY GIV+ WAY TO ! MOD]N T[N & CITY4 ,?IS %\LD BE DE>LY BORNE 9 M9D AT ALL TIMES :ILE READ+ ! BOOK4 ,! IMAGE ( 0ET]NAL ,SPA90 HAS ALWAYS BE5 A REACTION>Y ONE4 ,TODAY1 :5 ,SPA9 HAS BECOME ONE ( ! MO/ 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES 9 ! WORLD1 IT IS SIMPLY ABSURD4 ,YET !RE IS MU* ( A PRE9DU/RIAL & PRECAPITALI/ NATURE ?AT L+]S ON 9 ,SPA91 & IT IS DEV\TLY TO BE HOP$ ?AT ! OLD ,AN>*I/ DREAM ( MELD+ ! SOLID>ITY ( E>LI] VILLAGE LIFEWAYS ) A FAIRLY ADVANC$ TE*NOLOGICAL SOCIETY WILL HAVE REALITY = ! ,SPANI% PRES5T & FUTURE4 ,BE=E CONCLUD+ ?IS 9TRODUCTION1 ,I W\LD LIKE TO EXPLA9 C]TA9 UNOR?ODOXIES 9 ! WRIT+ ( ! BOOK & EXT5D MY ACKN[L$GM5T TO 9DIVIDUALS :O R5D]$ 9VALUABLE ASSI/ANCE 9 ITS PREP>ATION4 ,?R\<\T MO/ ( !IR HI/ORY1 ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S W]E ADH]5TS ( A TRADE-UNION =M ( ,AN>*ISM :I* IS G5]ALLY DESIGNAT$ AS 0,AN>*OSYNDICALISM40.<#a.> ,9 CONTRA/ TO MANY WRIT]S ON ! SUBJECT :O SEE ,SPANI% ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM AS A DI/9CTLY TW5TIE?-C5TURY DEVELOPM5T1 ONE ?AT HAD ITS ORIG9S 9 ,FRANCE1 ,I AM N[ QUITE CONV9C$ ?AT ! ,SPANI% SECTION ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS ,AN>*OSYNDICALI/ FROM ITS V]Y 9CEPTION 9 ! E>LY #a#h#gS4 ,?IS TRADITION P]SI/$1 ,I BELIEVE1 9 VIRTUALLY ALL LIB]T>IAN UNIONS UP TO & 9TO ! =MATION ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,! TRADITION1 MOREOV]1 APPLI$ AS MU* TO ! L& LABOR]S' UNIONS ( ,&ALUSIA AS TO ! TEXTILE WORK]S' UNIONS ( ,B>CELONA4 ,FR5* ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM MAY HAVE BE5 ! S\RCE = A COMPREH5SIVE !ORY ( ! SYNDICALI/ G5]AL /RIKE1 BUT ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S W]E PRACTIC+ ,AN>*OSYNDICALI/ TACTICS DECADES E>LI] &1 9 MANY CASES1 W]E QUITE CONSCI\S ( !IR REVOLUTION>Y IMPORT BE=E ! WORD 0,AN>*OSYNDICALI/0 ITSELF CAME 9TO VOGUE4.<#b.> ,ACCORD+LY1 ,I HAVE US$ ! T]MS 0,AN>*I/0 & 0,AN>*OSYNDICALI/0 ALMO/ 9TUITIVELY1 ORD9>ILY COMB9+ LIB]T>IANS ( ALL P]SUASIONS UND] ! 0,AN>*I/0 RUBRIC :5 !Y SEEM$ TO CONFRONT ! ,M>XI/S1 ! /ATE P[]1 & !IR CLASS OPPON5TS AS A FAIRLY UNIFI$ T5D5CY 9 ,SPANI% SOCIETY & S+L+ \T 0,AN>*OSYNDICALI/S0 :5 !Y W]E FUNCTION+ L>GELY FROM A SYNDICALI/ PO9T ( VIEW4 ,! M+L+ ( !SE T]MS WAS NOT UNCOMMON 9 MANY WORKS ON ,SPA9 DUR+ ! #a#i#cS1 AS WITNESS ,G]ALD ,BR5AN'S ,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? & ,FRANZ ,BORK5AU'S ,! ,SPANI% ,COCKPIT4 ,I %\LD ALSO NOTE ?AT ,I HAVE AB&ON$ ! USE ( ! USUAL ACC5T ?AT APPE>S 9 MANY ,SPANI% WORDS4 ,I FAIL TO SEE :Y ,LLEIDA & ,LEON 7! LATT] BY NO MEANS CONSI/5TLY7 HAVE ACC5TS1 :ILE ,&ALUSIA & ,>AGON DO NOT4 ,= ! SAKE ( CONSI/5CY1 ,I HAVE REMOV$ ! ACC5TS 5TIRELY1 AIR ! MORE BECAUSE ?IS BOOK IS WRITT5 = AN ,5GLI%-READ+ PUBLIC4 ,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S W]E GIV5 TO ACRONYMS LIKE FAI/A1 C5ETI/A1 & UGETI/A = MEMB]S ( ! ,F,A,I1 ,C,N,T1 & ! ,SOCIALI/-CONTROLL$ ,U,G,T3 ,I HAVE RETA9$ ?IS VOCABUL>Y 9 ! BOOK BUT HAVE AVOID$ ! MORE FAMILI> DIM9UTIVES !Y US$ = !IR P]IODICALS1 SU* AS 0,SOLI0 = ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A4 ,:ATEV] ORIG9ALITY ?IS BOOK CAN CLAIM IS DUE PRIM>ILY TO 9T]VIEWS ,I HAVE HAD ) ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S & ) NON-,SPANI>DS :O W]E P]SONALLY 9VOLV$ ) !IR MOVEM5T4 ,AL?\< ,I HAVE CONSULT$ A L>GE NUMB] ( BOOKS1 P]IODICALS1 LETT]S1 & REPORTS ON ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 MY MO/ REW>D+ EXP]I5CES HAVE COME FROM ! 9DIVIDUALS :O KNEW IT AT FIR/ H&4 ,SPACE LIMITATIONS MAKE IT POSSIBLE = ME TO LI/ ! NAMES ( ONLY A FEW4 ,I AM DEEPLY GRATEFUL TO A V]Y K9DLY MAN1 ,JOSE ,PEIRATS1 ! HI/ORIAN ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM 9 ITS LATEF P]IOD@5 = PA9/AK+LY EXPLA9+ ! /RUCTURE ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I1 & = MANY FACTS AB\T ! ATMOSPH]E 9 ,B>CELONA DUR+ ! YE>S ( HIS Y\?4 ,PEIRATS1 :OM ,I VIEW AS A FRI5D1 HAS DONE MORE TO CONVEY ! MOOD ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ! PRE-,CIVIL ,W> P]IOD ?AN ANY TEXT C\LD POSSIBLY DO4 ,= ?IS S5SE ( P]SONAL CONTACT AS WELL AS = HIS 9VALUABLE WRIT+S ON ! TRAJECTORY ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM1 ,I [E HIM AN IMMEASURABLE DEBT4 ,I HAVE ALSO LE>N$ A GREAT DEAL FROM P]SONAL CONV]SATIONS ) ,GA/ON ,LEVAL4 ,HE HAS BE5 AN 9DISP5SABLE S\RCE ( 9=MATION AB\T ! ,AN>*I/ COLLECTIVES 9 ,SPA9 DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W> 7A FIELD 9 :I* HIS COMM& ( ! FACTS IS UNP>ALLEL$72 HE HAS ALSO GIV5 ME ! B5EFIT ( HIS 9SI*I/ PI/OL]ISMO DUR+ ?AT CRITICAL TIME & PRES5T$ ME ) A MORE BALANC$ PICTURE ( ! E>LY #a#i#bS ?AN ,I HAVE RECEIV$ FROM ! CONV5TIONAL LIT]ATURE ON ! SUBJECT4 ,TO ,PABLO ,RUIZ1 ,I [E A TRULY IMM5SE DEBT = ! DETAIL$ ACC\NT HE GAVE ME ( ! F\ND+ & ACTIVITIES ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI1 ! SMALL BUT H]OIC GR\P ?AT DID SO MU* TO UPHOLD ! HONOR ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM DUR+ ! DIFFICULT 0M9I/]IAL0 CRISIS )9 ! MOVEM5T 9 #a#i#c#f-#c#g4 ,! LATE ,CIPRIANO ,M]A PROVID$ ME ) 9VALUABLE DETAILS ON ! /RUCTURE ( ! ,AN>*I/ MILITIAS DUR+ ! ,G,B,PIVIL ,W> & ON ! MOVEM5T'S ACTIVITIES 9 ,MADRID DUR+ ! E>LY #a#i#cS4 ,AL?\< A MOVEM5T 9 EXILE IS ORD9>ILY DI/ORT$ BY4 ITS ISOLATION & 9T]NAL CONFLICTS1 ,I GA9$ SOME S5SE ( ! LIFE ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM BY ATT5D+ MEET+S ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ,P>IS1 VISIT+ ! HOMES ( ITS MEMB]S1 & HE>+ DEEPLY MOV+ ACC\NTS ( ! SOLID>ITY !SE 9DIVIDUALS RETA9$ 9 ! YE>S FOLL[+ ! DEFEAT ( !IR MOVEM5T 9 #a#i#c#i4 ,I [E A GREAT DEAL TO TWO FRI5DS1 ,SAM ,DOLG(F & ! LATE ,RUSSELL ,BLACKWELL1 = !IR ASSI/ANCE 9 ASSEMBL+ DATA = ?IS BOOK & GIV+ FREELY ( !IR P]SONAL RECOLLECTIONS4 ,?AT ,I D$ICAT$ ?IS VOLUME TO ! MEMORY ( ,RUSSELL ,BLACKWELL IS MORE ?AN ACT ( FRI5D%IP4 ,BLACKWELL HAD F\CELONA DUR+ ! ,MAY UPRIS+ 9 #a#i#c#g4 ,9 TIME HE CAME TO SYMBOLIZE ! MELD+ ( ,SPANI% & ,AM]ICAN LIB]T>IAN IDEALS 9 A =M ?AT SEEM$ UNSURPASS$ BY ANYONE ,I HAD KN[N4 ,I MU/ ALSO EXPRESS MY APPRECIATION TO ,F$]ICO ,>COS & ,WILL ,WATSON = MAK+ MAT]IALS AVAILABLE TO ME ?AT->E V]Y DIFFICULT TO OBTA9 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 TO MY GOOD FRI5D1 ,V]NON ,RI*>DS1 = HIS VALUABLE CRITICAL 9SI+ MANY FACTS DRAWN FROM ?IS [N RESE>*ES2 TO ! CU/ODIANS ( ! ,LABADIE ,COLLECTION AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MI*IGAN = P]MISSION TO FREELY EXAM9E DOCUM5TS & UNPUBLI%$ DISS]TATIONS ON V>I\S P]IODS ( ! MOVEM5T'S HI/ORY2 TO ,SUSAN ,H>D+ = S5D+ ME ADDITIONAL ,EUROPEAN MAT]IAL & (F]+ CRITICISMS ?AT HAVE BE5 USEFUL 9 PREP>+ ! TEXT4 ,9 WRIT+ A G5]AL N>RATIVE ( ?IS K9D1 AN AU?OR MU/ MAKE A DECISION ON :]E TO DRAW ! LIMITS TO HIS RESE>* IF HE IS TO COMPLETE ! WORK 9 A REASONABLE P]IOD ( TIME4 ,DESPITE ! COMP>ATIVELY IMPROV$ CLIMATE ( ,FRANCO'S ,SPA9 A DECADE AGO1 MY VISIT TO ! C\NTRY 9 #aifg CO9CID$ PRECISELY ) ! PUBLICATION ( AN >TICLE 9 MY [N NAME-9 A LEAD+ ,EUROPEAN ,AN>*I/ P]IODICAL1 & ,I DECID$ IT W\LD BE IMPRUD5T TO CONT9UE ! RESE>* ,I HAD PLANN$ 9 ?AT C\NTRY4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ,EUROPEAN >*IVES ON ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM >E SO IMM5SE ?AT ,I C\LD =ESEE MANY YE>S ( RESE>* ABROAD W]E ,I TO SACRIFICE MY GOAL ( A G5]AL N>RATIVE = A DETAIL$ HI/ORY BAS$ ON PRIM>Y S\RCES4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ,I DECID$ TO %IFT MY RESE>* BACK TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AFT] VISIT+ V>I\S ,EUROPEAN CITIES :]E ,I WAS =TUNATE TO GA!R MU* ( ! MAT]IAL ,I REQUIR$ TO WRITE ?IS BOOK4 ,S9CE ! LATE #a#i#fS1 A TRULY VOLUM9\S LIT]ATURE HAS BE5 PUBLI%$ ON DIFF]5T P]IODS ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM4 ,:]EV] POSSIBLE ,I HAVE MADE1 USE ( !SE NEW /UDIES TO *ECK & MODIFY MY [N L>GELY COMPLET$ WORK4 ,HAPPILY1 ,I HAVE F\ND SURPRIS+LY LITTLE ?AT REQUIR$ ALT]ATION & MU* ?AT SUPPORTS G5]ALIZATIONS ?AT W]E P>TLY HYPO!TICAL :5 !Y W]E FIR/ COMMITT$ TO PAP]4 ,9 SO F>-REA*+ A PROJECT1 IT IS 9EVITABLE ?AT FACTUAL ]RORS WILL PCCU'R4 ,I CAN ONLY HOPE !Y WILL PROVE TO BE M9IMAL & 9SIGNIFICANT4 ,! HI/ORICAL 9T]PRETATIONS 9 ?IS VOLUME >E MY RESPONSIBILITY ALONE & %\LD NOT BE IMPUT$ TO ! MANY 9DIVIDUALS :O SO G5]\SLY AID$ ME 9 O!R RESPECTS4 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,NOVEMB]1 #aigf ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE ( ,NEW ,J]SEY ,MAHWAH1 ,NEW ,J]SEY ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE ,PLA9FIELD1 ,V]MONT ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigg 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,PUBLICATION4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/