,SECTION #a 

#ahhgahhg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,JANE ,HORTON1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,IF ONE GOES A LITTLE DEEP] 9TO !SE DIFF]5T CATEGORIES ( PH5OM5A :I* ,I HAVE H>DLY T\*$ UPON 9 ?IS %ORT \TL9E ONE WILL UND]/& :Y - SEE+ ! ,/ATE AS IT HAS BE5 9 HI/ORY1 & AS IT IS 9 ESS5CE TODAY - & CONV9C$ ?AT A SOCIAL 9/ITUTION CANNOT L5D ITSELF TO ALL ! DESIR$ GOALS S9CE AS ) EV]Y ORGAN1 IT DEVELOP$ ACCORD+ TO ! FUNCTION IT P]=M$1 9 A DEF9ITE DIRECTION & NOT 9 ALL POSSIBLE DIRECTIONS - ONE WILL UND]/&1 ,I SAY1 :Y ! CONCLUSION WE >RIVE AT IS = ! ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE4 

,WE SEE IT 9 ! ,9/ITUTION1 DEVELOP$ 9 ! HI/ORY ( HUMAN SOCIETIES TO PREV5T ! DIRECT ASSOCIATION AMONG M5 TO %ACKLE ! DEVELOPM5T ( LOCAL & 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE1 TO CRU% EXI/+ LIB]TIES1 TO PREV5T !IR NEW BLOSSOM+ - ALL ?IS 9 ORD] TO SUBJECT ! MASSES TO ! WILL ( M9ORITIES4 

,& WE KN[ AN 9/ITUTION :I* HAS A LONG PA/ GO+ BACK SEV]AL ?\S& YE>S CANNOT L5D ITSELF TO A FUNCTION OPPOS$ TO HI/ORY = :I* & BY :I* IT WAS DEVELOP$ 9 ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY4 

,TO ?IS ABSOLUTELY UN%AKABLE >GUM5T = ANYONE :O HAS REFLECT$ ON HI/ORY1 :AT REPLY DO WE GET8 ,ONE IS ANSW]$ ) AN ALMO/ *ILDI% >GUM5T3 

',! ,/ATE EXI/S & REPRES5TS A P[]FUL READY-MADE ORGANIZATION4 ,:Y NOT USE IT 9/EAD ( WANT+ TO DE/ROY IT8 ,IT OP]ATES = EVIL 5DS - AGRE$2 BUT ! REASON IS ?AT IT IS 9 ! H&S ( ! EXPLOIT]S4 ,IF IT W]E TAK5 OV] BY ! PEOPLE1 :Y W\LD IT NOT BE US$ = BETT] 5DS1 = ! GOOD ( ! PEOPLE8' 

,ALWAYS ! SAME DREAM - ?AT ( ! ,M>QUIS DE ,POSA1 9 ,S*ILL]'S DRAMA SEEK+ TO MAKE AN 9/RUM5T ( EMANCIPATION \T ( ABSOLUTISM2 OR AGA9 ! DREAM ( ! G5TLE ,ABBE ,PI]RE 9 ,ZOLA S ,ROME WANT+ TO MAKE ( ! ,*UR* ! LEV] = SOCIALISM4 

,H[ SAD IT IS TO HAVE TO REPLY TO SU* >GUM5TS6 ,= ?OSE :O >GUE 9 ?IS WAY EI!R HAV5'T A CLUE AS TO ! TRUE HI/ORIC ROLE ( ! ,/ATE1 OR !Y VIEW ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 SU* A SUP]FICIAL & PA9LESS =M ?AT IT CEASES TO HAVE ANY?+ 9 COMMON ) !IR SOCIALI/ ASPIRATIONS4 

,TAKE ! CONCRETE EXAMPLE ( ,FRANCE4 

,ALL ?9K+ PEOPLE MU/ HAVE NOTIC$ ! /RIK+ FACT ?AT ! ,?IRD ,REPUBLIC1 9 SPITE ( ITS REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T1 HAS REMA9$ MON>*I/ 9 ESS5CE4 ,WE HAVE ALL REPROA*$ IT = NOT HAV+ REPUBLICANIZ$ ,FRANCE - ,I AM NOT SAY+ ?AT IT HAS DONE NO?+ = ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 BUT ?AT IT HAS NOT EV5 9TRODUC$ A MORALITY - ?AT IS AN \TLOOK :I* IS SIMPLY REPUBLICAN4 ,= ! LITTLE ?AT HAS BE5 DONE 9 ! PA/ #be YE>S TO DEMOCRATIZE SOCIAL ATTITUDES OR TO SPREAD A LITTLE $UCATION HAS BE5 DONE EV]Y:]E1 9 ALL ! ,EUROPEAN MON>*IES1 UND] PRESSURE FROM ! TIMES ?R\< :I* WE >E PASS+4 ,!N :]E DOES ?IS /RANGE ANOMALY ( A REPUBLIC :I* HAS REMA9$ A MON>*Y COME FROM8 

,IT >ISES FROM ! FACT ?AT ,FRANCE HAS REMA9$ A ,/ATE1 & EXACTLY :]E IT WAS ?IRTY YE>S AGO4 ,! HOLD]S ( P[] HAVE *ANG$ ! NAME BUT ALL ?AT HUGE M9I/]IAL SCAFFOLD+1 ALL ?AT C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATION ( :ITE-COLL> WORK]S1 ALL ?IS APE+ ( ! ,ROME ( ! ,CAES>S :I* HAS DEVELOP$ 9 ,FRANCE1 ALL ?AT HUGE ORGANIZATION TO ASSURE & EXT5D ! EXPLOITATION ( ! MASSES 9 FAVOR ( A FEW PRIVILEG$ GR\PS1 :I* IS ! ESS5CE ( ! ,/ATE 9/ITUTION - ALL ?AT HAS REMA9$4 ,& ?OSE :EELS ( BUREAUCRACY CONT9UE AS 9 ! PA/ TO EX*ANGE !IR FIFTY DOCUM5TS :5 ! W9D HAS BL[N D[N A TREE ON TO ! HI<WAY & TO TRANSF] ! MILLIONS D$UCT$ FROM ! NATION TO ! C(F]S ( ! PRIVILEG$4 ,! (FICIAL /AMP ON ! DOCUM5TS HAS *ANG$2 BUT ! ,/ATE1 ITS SPIRIT1 ITS ORGANS1 ITS T]RITORIAL C5TRALIZATION1 ITS C5TRALIZATION ( FUNCTIONS1 ITS FAVORITISM1 & ITS ROLE AS CREATOR ( MONOPOLIES HAVE REMA9$4 ,LIKE AN OCTOPUS !Y GO ON SPREAD+ !IR T5TACLES OV] ! C\NTRY4 

,! REPUBLICANS - & ,I AM SPEAK+ ( ! S9C]E ONES - HAD *]I%$ ! ILLUSION ?AT ONE C\LD 'UTILIZE ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,/ATE' TO EFFECT A *ANGE 9 A ,REPUBLICAN DIRECTION1 & !SE >E ! RESULTS4 ,:]EAS IT WAS NECESS>Y TO BREAK UP ! OLD ORGANIZATION1 %ATT] ! ,/ATE & REBUILD A NEW ORGANIZATION FROM ! V]Y F\NDATIONS ( SOCIETY - ! LIB]AT$ VILLAGE COMMUNE1 F$]ALISM1 GR\P+S FROM SIMPLE TO COMPLEX1 FREE WORK+ ASSOCIATION - !Y ?\<T ( US+ ! 'ORGANIZATION ?AT ALREADY EXI/$'4 ,&1 NOT HAV+ UND]/OOD ?AT1 ONE DOES NOT MAKE AN HI/ORICAL 9/ITUTION FOLL[ 9 ! DIRECTION TO :I* ONE PO9TS - ?AT IS 9 ! OPPOSITE DIRECTION TO ! ONE IT HAS TAK5 OV] ! C5TURIES - !Y W]E SWALL[$ UP BY ! 9/ITUTION4 

,& ?IS HAPP5$ ?\< 9 ?IS CASE IT WAS NOT EV5 A QUE/ION YET ( *ANG+ ! :OLE ECONOMIC RELATIONS 9 SOCIETY6 ,! AIM WAS M]ELY TO RE=M ONLY SOME ASPECTS ( POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWE5 M54 

,BUT AFT] SU* A COMPLEX FAILURE1 & 9 ! LI<T ( SU* A PITIFUL EXP]IM5T1 !RE >E ?OSE :O /ILL 9SI/ 9 TELL+ US ?AT ! CONQUE/ ( P[]S 9 ! ,/ATE1 BY ! PEOPLE1 WILL SUFFICE TO ACCOMPLI% ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION6 - ?AT ! OLD MA*9E1 ! OLD ORGANIZATION1 SL[LY DEVELOP$ 9 ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY TO CRU% FRE$OM1 TO CRU% ! 9DIVIDUAL1 TO E/ABLI% OPPRESSION ON A LEGAL BASIS1 TO CREATE MONOPOLI/S1 TO LEAD M9DS A/RAY BY ACCU/OM+ !M TO S]VITUDE - WILL L5D ITSELF P]FECTLY TO ITS NEW FUNCTIONS3 ?AT IT WILL BECOME ! 9/RUM5T1 ! FRAMEWORK = ! G]M9ATION ( A NEW LIFE1 TO F\ND FRE$OM & EQUALITY ON ECONOMIC BASES1 ! DE/RUCTION ( MONOPOLIES1 ! AWAK5+ ( SOCIETY & T[>DS ! A*IEVEM5T ( A FUTURE ( FRE$OM & EQUALITY6 

,:AT A SAD & TRAGIC MI/AKE6 

,TO GIVE FULL SCOPE TO SOCIALISM 5TAILS REBUILD+ FROM TOP TO BOTTOM A SOCIETY DOM9AT$ BY ! N>R[ 9DIVIDUALISM ( ! %OPKEEP]4 ,IT IS NOT AS HAS SOMETIMES BE5 SAID BY ?OSE 9DULG+ 9 METAPHYSICAL WOOL9ESS JU/ A QUE/ION ( GIV+ ! WORK] '! TOTAL PRODUCT ( HIS LABOR'2 IT IS A QUE/ION ( COMPLETELY RE%AP+ ALL RELATION%IPS1 FROM ?OSE :I* EXI/ TODAY BETWE5 EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL & HIS *UR*W>D5 OR HIS /ATION-MA/] TO ?OSE :I* EXI/ BETWE5 TRADES1 HAMLETS1 CITIES & REGIONS4 ,9 EV] /REET1 9 EV]Y HAMLET1 9 EV]Y GR\P ( M5 GA!R$ >\ND A FACTORY OR ALONG A SECTION ( ! RAILWAY L9E1 ! CREATIVE 1 CON/RUCTIVE & ORGANIZATIONAL SPIRIT MU/ BE AWAK5$ 9 ORD] TO REBUILD LIFE - 9 ! FACTORY1 9 ! VILLAGE1 9 ! /ORE1 9 PRODUCTION & 9 DI/RIBUTION ( SUPPLIES4 ,ALL RELATIONS BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS & GREAT C5T]S ( POPULATION HAVE TO BE MADE ALL OV] AGA91 FROM ! V]Y DAY1 FROM ! V]Y MOM5T ONE ALT]S ! EXI/+ COMM]CIAL OR ADM9I/RATIVE ORGANIZATION4 

,& !Y EXPECT ?IS IMM5SE TASK1 REQUIR+ ! FREE EXPRESSION ( POPUL> G5IUS1 TO BE C>RI$ \T )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! ,/ATE & ! PYRAMIDAL ORGANIZATION :I* IS ! ESS5CE ( ! ,/ATE6 ,!Y EXPECT ! ,/ATE :OSE V]Y RAISON D'ETRE IS ! CRU%+ ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ! HATR$ ( 9ITIATIVE1 ! TRIUMPH ( ONE IDEA :I* MU/ BE 9EVITABLY ?AT ( M$IOCRITY - TO BECOME ! LEV] = ! ACCOMPLI%M5T ( ?IS IMM5SE TRANS=MATION4 ,!Y WANT TO DIRECT ! R5EWAL ( A SOCIETY BY MEANS ( DECREES & ELECTORAL MAJORITIES444,H[ RIDICUL\S6 

,?R\<\T ! HI/ORY ( \R CIVILIZATION1 TWO TRADITIONS1 TWO OPPOS+ T5D5CIES HAVE CONFRONT$ EA* O!R3 ! ,ROMAN & ! ,POPUL>2 ! IMP]IAL & ! F$]ALI/2 ! AU?ORIT>IAN & ! LIB]T>IAN4 ,& ?IS IS SO1 ONCE MORE1 ON ! EVE ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,BETWE5 !SE TWO CURR5TS1 ALWAYS MANIFE/+ !MSELVES1 ALWAYS AT GRIPS ) EA* O!R - ! POPUL> TR5D & ?AT :I* ?IR/S = POLITICAL & RELIGI\S DOM9ATION - WE HAVE MADE \R *OICE4 

,WE SEEK TO RECAPTURE ! SPIRIT :I* DROVE PEOPLE 9 ! TWELF? C5TURY TO ORGANISM !MSELVES ON ! BASIS ( FREE AGREEM5T & 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE AS WELL AS ( ! FREE F$]ATION ( ! 9T]E/$ P>TIES4 ,& WE >E QUITE PREP>$ TO LEAVE ! O!RS TO CL+ TO ! IMP]IAL1 ! ,ROMAN & CANONICAL TRADITION4 

,HI/ORY IS NOT AN UN9T]RUPT$ NATURAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,AGA9 & AGA9 DEVELOPM5T HAS /OPP$ 9 ONE P>TICUL> T]RITORY ONLY TO EM]GE SOME:]E ELSE4 ,EGYPT1 ! ,NE> ,EA/1 ! ,M$IT]RANEAN %ORES & ,C5TRAL ,EUROPE HAVE ALL 9 TURN BE5 C5T]S ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,BUT EV]Y TIME ! PATT]N HAS BE5 ! SAME3 BEG9N+ ) ! PHASE ( ! PRIMITIVE TRIBE FOLL[$ BY ! VILLAGE COMMUNE2 !N BY ! FREE CITY1 F9ALLY TO DIE ) ! ADV5T ( ! ,/ATE4 

,9 ,EGYPT1 CIVILIZATION BEG9S ) ! PRIMITIVE TRIBE4 ,IT ADVANCES TO ! VILLAGE COMMUNE & LAT] TO ! P]IOD ( ! FREE CITIES2 LAT] /ILL TO ! ,/ATE :I*1 AFT] A P]IOD 9 :I* IT FL\RI%$1 LEADS TO DEA?4 

,DEVELOPM5T />TS AFRE% 9 ,SYRIA1 9 ,P]SIA & 9 ,PALE/9E4 ,IT FOLL[S ! SAME PATT]N3 ! TRIBE1 ! VILLAGE COMMUNE1 ! FREE CITY1 ! ALL-P[]FUL ,/ATE &444DEA?6 

,A NEW CIVILIZATION !N COMES TO LIFE 9 ,GREECE4 ,ALWAYS ?R\< ! TRIBE4 ,SL[LY IT REA*ES ! LEVEL ( ! VILLAGE COMMUNE & !N TO ! REPUBLICAN CITIES4 ,9 !SE CITIES CIVILIZATION REA*ES ITS Z5I?4 ,BUT ! ,EA/ COMMUNICATES ITS POISON\S BREA?1 ITS TRADITIONS ( DESPOTISM4 ,W>S & CONQUE/S CREATE ! ,EMPIRE ( ,ALEX&] ( ,MAC$ONIA4 ,! ,/ATE ASS]TS ITSELF1 GR[S1 DE/ROYS ALL CULTURE &444IT IS DEA?4 

,ROME 9 ITS TURN RE/>TS CIVILIZATION4 ,ONCE MORE ONE F9DS AT ! BEG9N+ ! PRIMITIVE TRIBE1 !N ! VILLAGE COMMUNE FOLL[$ BY ! CITY4 ,AT ?IS PHASE ,ROME WAS AT ! HEI<T ( ITS CIVILIZATION4 ,BUT !N COME ! ,/ATE & ! ,EMPIRE & !N444DEA?6 

,ON ! RU9S ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 ,CELTIC1 ,G]MANIC1 ,SLAVONIC & ,SC&9AVIAN TRIBES ONCE MORE TAKE UP ! ?READS ( CIVILIZATION4 ,SL[LY ! PRIMITIVE TRIBE DEVELOPS ITS 9/ITUTIONS & MANAGES TO BUILD UP ! VILLAGE COMMUNE4 ,IT L+]S 9 ?IS PHASE UNTIL ! TWELF? C5TURY :5 ! REPUBLICAN CITY >ISES1 & ?IS BR+S ) IT ! BLOSSOM+ ( ! HUMAN SPIRIT1 PRO( ( :I* >E ! MA/]PIECES ( >*ITECTURE1 ! GR&IOSE DEVELOPM5T ( ! >TS1 ! DISCOV]IES :I* LAY ! F\NDATIONS ( NATURAL SCI5CES444,BUT !N ! ,/ATE EM]GES444,DEA?8 ,YES3 DEA? - OR R5EWAL6 

,EI!R ! ,/ATE = EV]1 CRU%+ 9DIVIDUAL & LOCAL LIFE1 TAK+ OV] 9 ALL FIELDS ( HUMAN ACTIVITY1 BR++ ) IT ALL ITS W>S & DOME/IC /RUGGLES = P[]1 ITS PALACE REVOLUTIONS :I* ONLY REPLACE ONE TYRANT BY ANO!R1 & 9EVITABLY AT ! 5D ( ?IS DEVELOPM5T !RE IS444DEA?6 

,OR ! DE/RUCTION ( ,/ATES1 & NEW LIFE />T+ AGA9 9 ?\S&S ( C5T]S ON ! PR9CIPLES ( ! LIVELY 9ITIATIVE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & GR\PS & ?AT ( FREE AGREEM5T4 

,! *OICE LIES ) Y\6 

7,S\RCE3 ,! ,/ATE3 ,ITS ,HI/ORIC ,ROLE1 ,BY KNIAZ ,PETR ,ALEKSEEVI* ,KROPOTK91 #a#h#i#h1 PUBLI%$ BY 0,FRE$OM0 ,(FICE1 ORIG9AL PUBLICATION DATE ( #a#h#h#g47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhf 3 ,SECTION #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#b1 #bag 3 ,SECTION #a -- ,ADD$4 

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