,! ,/ORY ( ! ,VOLSUNGS 7,VOLSUNGA ,SAGA71 ) ,EXC]PTS FROM ! ,POETIC ,$DA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION 

,! ,$DAS & ! ,VOLSUNGA ,SAGA FIR/ BECAME KN[N \TSIDE ,ICEL& 9 ! 
#a#i? C5TURY4 ,AS KN[L$GE ( !M SPREAD !RE WAS AN EXCIT$ REALIZATION 
?AT MANY ( ! P]SONALITIES & EV5TS !Y REF]R$ TO DID NOT COME 
FROM ,ICEL&IC OR ,NORSE HI/ORY1 BUT FROM ! ,EUROPE ( ! D>K AGES4 ,! 
DEA? ( ,ATTILA ! ,HUN 7',ATLI' 9 ! SAGA71 ! #e? C5TURY DEFEAT ( 
! ,BURGUNDIANS & !IR K+ ,GUNDAH> 7',GUNN>'71 ! DEA? 
( ,EORM5RIC 7',JORMUNREK'7 K+ ( ! ,GO?S - ALL W]E REAL1 DOCUM5T$ EV5TS1 MIRACUL\SLY PRES]V$ 9 ! SAGA ?R\< ORAL TRANSMISSION4 ,S*OL>S - 9CLUD+ ALL ! E>LY M>XI/S - POR$ OV] BO? ! ,VOLSUNGA SAGA & ! ,$DAS SE>*+ = CLUES TO G]MANIC PRE-HI/ORY4 ,! COMB9ATION ( REAL HI/ORY 
) PURE MY? - MALICI\S DW>FS1 DRAGONS1 MAGIC POTIONS1 & EV5 AN 
E>LY V]SION ( ! /ORY ( SLEEP+ BEAUTY -  MADE IT APPE> 
?AT ! ,G]MANIC PEOPLES1 LIKE ! ,GREEKS1 HAD !IR [N EQUIVAL5T ( 
! ',TALE ( ,TROY'1 DE/9$ TO BE RETOLD =EV]4 

,MORRIS & HIS ,ICEL&IC FRI5D ,EIRIKR ,MAGNUSSON W]E ! FIR/ TO TRANSLATE ! ,VOLSUNGA SAGA 9TO ,5GLI%2 ,MORRIS WAS SO 5?US$ BY IT ?AT HE W5T ON 
TO CREATE HIS [N EPIC RETELL+ ( ! /ORY1 ,SIGURD ! ,VOLSUNG4 ,S9CE ,MORRIS TRANSLAT$ ! /ORY !RE HAVE BE5 FIVE MORE ,5GLI% TRANSLATIONS4 ,! 
ADVANTAGE ( ,MORRIS'S V]SION IS ?AT IT IS DESIGN$ TO BE READ1 RA!R ?AN 
TO BE A S\RCE = PHILOLOGI/S3 ! ORIG9AL 7PROSE7 SAGA HAD BE5 PRESUMABLY 
BE5 CREAT$ FROM E>LI] V]SE S\RCES SIMIL> TO ?OSE 9 ! ,$DA2 :]E 
! V]SES FROM ! ,$DA >E APPROPRIATE OR ADD TO ! /ORY1 ,MORRIS 
9S]T$ !M 9TO ! PROSE 7! ,$DAS >E ALSO SOMETIMES US$ TO SIL5TLY 
CORRECT ! TEXT ( ! SAGA ITSELF2 EG1 ! NAME ( ! DW>F ,&V>I'S 
FA!R IS RE/OR$ FROM ',OD9' TO ',O9'71 & ! :OLE IS R5D]$ 9TO 
,MORRIS'S 'H]OIC' PROSE4 ,?IS MAKES = A TRANSLATION :I* GIVES ! /ORY  
F> MORE ATMOSPH]E ?AN ! RA!R FLAT MOD]N TRANSLATIONS4 
,TO TAKE A R&OM SELECTION -- :]E A MOD]N V]SION ( ! REMAK+ ( ! SWORD ?AT WAS BROK5 BEG9S3 

   

    ,REG9 N[ MADE A SWORD4 ,HE GAVE IT TO ,SIGURD1 :O TOOK IT & SAID 0,?IS IS Y\R SMI?Y+1 ,REG940 ,SIGURD /RUCK ! ANVIL & ! SWORD BROKE4 
   

,MORRIS HAS3 

   

    ,SO ,REG9 MAKES A SWORD1 & GIVES IT 9TO ,SIGURD'S H&S4 ,HE TOOK ! SWORD & SAID - 0,BEHOLD ?Y SMI?Y+1 ,REG960 & !RE) SMOTE IT 9TO ! ANVIL1 & ! SWORD BRAKE4 
   

,9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY ! APPEAL ( ! ,VOLSUNGA SAGA BEGAN TO FADE 
SLI<TLY2 ! LIMITS ( ! 9=MATION ! SAGA CONTA9$ AB\T ! ,G]MANIC 
D>K AGES W]E BETT] UND]/OOD1 & ! APP>5TLY MORE REALI/IC FAMILY 
SAGAS ( ,ICEL& BECAME MORE FA%IONABLE4 ,SOME1 LIKE ,TOLKI51 W]E /ILL 
9SPIR$ BY IT1 BUT ,WAGN]'S ,R+ ,CYCLE HAD MADE ! :OLE ?+ SEEM FA9TLY 
RIDICUL\S 7NEI!R ,MORRIS NOR ,TOLKI5 HAD A HI< OP9ION ( ,WAGN]74 ,BUT 
= ?OSE /ILL READ+ IT = PLEASURE & 9T]E/ RA!R ?AN = S*OL>LY TEXT ANALYSIS1 ,MORRIS'S TRANSLATION IS PROBABLY ! MO/ READ ( ALL ! V]SIONS1 IF ONLY 
BECAUSE ! EXT5SION ( COPYRI<T MEANS ?AT ,MORRIS'S TRANSLATION ALONE IS FREE TO BE DI/RIBUT$ ON ! 9T]NET4  

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#i1 #bba 3 ,! ,/ORY ( ! ,VOLSUNGS 7,VOLSUNGA ,SAGA71 ) ,EXC]PTS FROM ! ,POETIC ,$DA -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,/ORY ( ! ,VOLSUNGS 7,VOLSUNGA ,SAGA71 ) ,EXC]PTS FROM ! ,POETIC ,$DA -- ,UPDAT$4 

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