,! ,/RATEGY ( ,ESPECIFISMO 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FELIPE ,CORREA 

,TEXT 3 

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,FELIPE ,CORREA 7,F,C73 ,9 ?IS 9T]VIEW ,I W\LD NOT ONLY LIKE TO ADDRESS ! HI/ORY ( ! ,F$]ACION ,AN>QUI/A ,URUGUAYA 7,URUGUAYAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION-,F,A,U7 - :I* HAS BE5 COV]$ 9 DETAIL 9 ! F\R VOLUMES ( ,ACCION ,DIRECTA ,AN>QUI/A3 UNA HI/ORIA DE ,F,A,U 7,AN>*I/ ,DIRECT ,ACTION3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,F,A,U7.<#a.> - BUT ALSO ! /RATEGY ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION PROPOS$ BY ! ,F,A,U1 :I* IMPLIES ESPECIFISMO4 ,NOT+ ALSO ?AT ! ,F,A,U'S ESPECIFISMO IS ( WIDESPREAD 9FLU5CE 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 & EV5 MORE SO 9 ,BRAZIL - ALL ! ESPECIFI/A ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! C\NTRY1 :E!R CONSOLIDAT$ OR 9 =MATION1 >E DIRECTLY 9FLU5C$ BY IT -- H[ W\LD Y\ DEF9E IT8 ,= ! ,F,A,U1 :AT IS ESPECIFISMO8 

,JUAN ,C>LOS ,ME*OSO 7,J,C,M73 ,I UND]/& ! !MATIC PRIORITY Y\ M5TION1 AL?\< IT SEEMS USEFUL TO ME TO SAY ?AT ! ,F,A,U'S ESPECIFISMO CAN ALSO BE 0SE50 & 0READ0 9 ITS FUNCTION+1 9 ITS TAK+ A POSITION 9 ! FACE ( C]TA9 PROBLEMS1 AS WELL AS 9 ! /RATEGY ?AT IT HAS APPLI$ ?R\<\T ITS POLITICAL & MILITANT HI/ORY4 ,( C\RSE1 ,I AM NOT SAY+ ANY?+ Y\ DID NOT ALREADY KN[ BY ?AT1 BUT IT SEEM$ USEFUL TO SAY ANYWAY4 

,EV5 SO1 ,I WANT TO /ATE ?AT ,I WILL TRY TO ANSW] Y\R QUE/IONS BAS$ ON POSITIONS & DOCUM5TS ?AT ! ,F,A,U HAS DEVELOP$ AT DIFF]5T HI/ORICAL MOM5TS4 ,H[EV]1 ,I WILL GIVE PREF]5CE TO ?OSE ?AT HAVE MORE TO DO ) ! ORGANIZATION'S !ORETICAL-POLITICAL POSITION TODAY4 

,I SAY ?IS BECAUSE MY WORK AS A MILITANT HAS1 ?R\<\T !SE #$ YE>S1 ALWAYS BE5 )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( AN ORGANIZATION & ,I P>TICIPAT$ 9 IT1 9 DIFF]5T 9/ANCES1 9 ! ELABORATION1 ADAPTATION & REAFFIRMATION ( POSITIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 ! HORIZON ( \R DAILY SOCIAL & POLITICAL PRACTICE4 ,MY =MATION TOOK PLACE 9 ?IS CONTEXT4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT :AT WILL 9T]E/ Y\ ! MO/ >E ! POSITIONS ! ,F,A,U HAS DEF5D$ 9 ! DIFF]5T SOCIAL SPH]ES4 ,C]TA9LY1 ,I WILL GIVE P]SONAL OP9IONS 9 RELATION TO C]TA9 P>TICUL> QUE/IONS1 & P]HAPS 9 RELATION TO SOME DETAILS4 ,I WILL ALSO 9T]V5E P]SONALLY :51 DUE TO ! TE*NICAL REQUIREM5TS ( AN 9T]VIEW1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO SUMM>IZE ! TEXTS PRODUC$ BY ! ,F,A,U ITSELF4 ,EI!R WAY1 ,I WILL TRY TO MAKE SURE ?AT ! ANSW]S ALIGN ) ! ORGANIZATION'S FUNDAM5TAL ORI5TATIONS4 

,:5 ! ,F,A,U WAS F\ND$ 9 #a#i#e#f1 ESPECIFISMO WAS ! COMMON !ORETICAL D5OM9ATOR = ! MILITANTS 9 ?IS POLITICAL TASK4 ,?IS CONCEPTION ( AN>*ISM WAS A /RONG G5]AL REF]5CE2 UND]/&+ BY ?IS ! NECESSITY ( BUILD+ AN AN>*I/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,! MO/ RELEVANT !ORETICAL REF]5CE AT ?AT TIME WAS ,]RICO ,MALATE/A4 ,?IS DID NOT MEAN - NOR WAS ! SUBJECT EV5 DISCUSS$ - ?AT ALL ( HIS IDEAS & PROPOSALS W\LD BE CONSID]$ AS !Y W]E PRODUC$ 9 !IR [N HI/ORICAL MOM5T4 ,H[EV]1 MANY ( HIS !ORETICAL POSITIONS1 POLITICS & PROPOSITIONS = WORK+ 9 ! SOCIAL & POPUL> MILIEU W]E ESPECIALLY CONSID]$ & PROVID$ 9SPIRATION4 

,IT'S IMPORTANT TO /ATE ?AT FROM ! BEG9N+ ! ,F,A,U'S ESPECIFISMO1 AL?\< US+ ,MALATE/A AS A REF]5CE1 DID NOT 9CORPORATE MANY ( HIS CONCEPTIONS & PROPOSITIONS - 9CLUD+ HIS POLEMICS ) O!R CURR5TS ( AN>*ISM4 ,( !SE POLEMICS SPECIAL ATT5TION WAS GIV5 TO HIS REFUTATION ( 9DIVIDUALISM1 :I* WAS WIDELY %>$ BY US AT ?AT TIME4 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 WAS ANO!R /RONG REF]5CE4 ,SOME ( HIS IDEAS1 PRIORITIZ$ AT ?AT TIME BY ! ,F,A,U1 W]E ALSO 9CORPORAT$ DEP5D+ ON ! TIME & PLACE WE W]E LIV+ 94 

,Y\ C\LD ASK ME3 ,:Y DID ! ,F,A,U 9CORPORATE SOME ?+S & NOT O!RS8 ,?IS HAS AN HI/ORICAL EXPLANATION4 ,9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ! ,F,A,U !RE W]E DI/9CT G5]ATIONS ( MILITANTS4 ,!RE W]E COMRADES :O HAD BE5 ACTIVE 9 AN>*ISM S9CE ! #a#i#aS1 #bS1 & #cS4 ,MANY ( !SE MILITANTS P>TICIPAT$ 9 V>I\S 9T]NAL POLEMICS BE=E & AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 AS WELL AS 9 DIFF]5T ORGANIZATIONAL EXP]I5CES4 ,COMRADES :O EV5 MET1 TALK$ & DISCUSS$ ) MILITANTS :O =M$ ! FIR/ UNIONS 9 ,URUGUAY1 >\ND ! #a#h#hS4 

,!RE >E CASES LIKE ?AT ( ,ANTONIO ,M>ZOVILLO1 :O HAD BE5 ACTIVE S9CE #aie & :O ACTIVELY P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! =MATION ( SUPPORT COMMITTEES = ,EMILIANO ,ZAPATA :5 HE WAS FI<T+ 9 ,MEXICO4 ,SEV]AL MILITANTS HAD ALSO P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! #aicf ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 ,!RE W]E ALSO AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S :O ORGANIZ$ TOGE!R ) COMRADES ?AT W]E ACTIVE OR PRES5T 9 ! REORGANIZATION ( ! ,F$]ACION ,OBR]A ,REGIONAL ,URUGUAYA 7,URUGUAYAN ,REGIONAL ,WORK]S' ,F$]ATION-,=,U7 9 #a#i#a#a2 COMRADES ?AT1 ON ?AT OCCASION1 PROMOT$ ESPECIFISMO4 

,AT ! TIME ( ! ,F,A,U'S =MATION O!R TEXTS DEAL+ ) ESPECIFISMO W]E CIRCULAT$ TOGE!R ) ,MALATE/A'S MAT]IAL4 ,ONE ( !M1 FROM ! ,URUGUAYAN MILITANCY ITSELF1 WAS ELABORAT$ BY ,JOSE ,M>IA ,FOSALBA 9 ! #a#i#cS2 ANO!R1 AB\T AN>*ISM & ORGANIZATION1 BY ,GEORGES ,BALKANSKI1 :O WAS L9K$ TO ! ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/S ( ,BULG>IA 7,F,A,K,B74 

,BESIDES ?IS !RE W]E ALSO CONCRETE ESPECIFI/A ANTEC$5TS4 ,9 #a#i#a#i1 AN ,AN>*I/ ,RELATIONS ,COMMITTEE WAS E/ABLI%$ :I*1 9 ADDITION TO COORD9AT+ LIB]T>IAN MILITANCY AT ! UNION & POPUL> LEVEL1 HAD ! 9T5TION ( F\ND+ A SPECIFIC ORGANIZATION4 ,9 #a#i#b#f1 AFT] A LONG PROCESS ( ACTIVITIES & DISCUSSIONS1 A PL5>Y ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,RELATIONS ,COMMITTEE GAVE LIFE TO ! ,F,A,U2 AT ?AT TIME ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ( ,URUGUAY4 ,! ,F,A,U ( TODAY IS HEIR TO ALL ?IS1 AL?\< COMPLEXLY4 

,H[EV]1 DESPITE !SE V>I$ EXP]I5CES ( MILITANCY ?AT OCCURR$ 9 ! =MATION ( ! ,F,A,U ! !ORETICAL DISCUSSION WAS NOT T5SE & DID NOT TAKE V]Y LONG4 ,!RE WAS A TACIT AGREEM5T S9CE ! CALL WAS MADE4 ,! 0OLD0 COMRADES CONSID]$ MANY ( ?OSE CONTROV]SIES ?AT W]E MET ) PASSION1 AT ANO!R TIME1 TO BE IRON$ \T4 

,IT'S POSSIBLE TO SAY1 COM+ MU* CLOS] TO ! 0REAL0 QUE/ION1 ?AT ! ORGANIZATION'S POLITICAL *>ACT] WAS MORE EVID5T 9 ITS WAY ( CONFRONT+ ! TASK ( ! DIFF]5T WORK FRONTS3 UNION1 /UD5T1 COMMUNITY & 9T]NAL4 ,ANALYZES ( ! ,URUGUAYAN HI/ORICAL & CONJUNCTURAL SITUATION W]E P]=M$ - RELAT+ IT TO ! G5]AL POLITICAL1 UNION1 /UD5T & COMMUNITY SPH]ES & PUTT+ AN EMPHASIS ON ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 

,ONE ( ! FIR/ TASKS C>RI$ \T BY ! ,F,A,U WAS TO ORGANIZE ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS1 :I* TOOK PLACE 9 #aieg & WAS P>TICIPAT$ 9 BY MILITANTS FROM ,CUBA1 ,BRAZIL1 ,>G5T9A1 ,*ILI & ,URUGUAY4 ,! C5TRAL CONC]N ( ! Y\NG MILITANTS1 A MAJORITY AT ! TIME1 WAS ?AT ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ?AT WAS BE+ CREAT$ %\LD BE AN 9/RUM5T = /R5G!N+ AN>*ISM & BR+ IT 0UP TO DATE0 9 RELATION TO \R SPECIFIC ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN & ,URUGUAYAN REALITY4 ,IT SEEM$ FUNDAM5TAL NOT TO COPY OR AUTOMATICALLY IMPORT S*EMATA & =MULAS ?AT HAD REASON = BE+ 9 O!R HI/ORICAL CONJUNCTURES4 ,WE W\LD SAY MORE OR LESS ! FOLL[+3 0,WE >E OBLIG$ TO ?9K AB\T \R REALITY & \R TIME )\T M5TAL LAZ9ESS & PRODUCE RESPONSES ACCORD+LY40 

,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ?IS PRIORITIZ+ ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA DID NOT PRECLUDE A /RONG 9T]NATIONAL CONC]N2 CONSID]+ ! 9T]NATIONALI/ FRAMEWORK ( ,URUGUAYAN AN>*ISM1 :I* HAS PRACTICALLY EXI/$ S9CE ! #a#h#fS4 ,?AT'S H[1 FROM ! BEG9N+1 ! ,F,A,U ADOPT$ :AT WAS CALL$ A 0?IRDI/0 POSITION H]E1 :I* CONSI/$ ( COMPLETELY REJECT+ BO? 0,RUSSIAN & ,YANKEE IMP]IALISM40 

,9 ?IS MANN] ! ,F,A,U'S ESPECIFISMO E/ABLI%$ ITSELF1 FROM ! BEG9N+1 :I* TRANSLAT$ 9TO CONCRETE REALIZATIONS3 A ,/ATEM5T ( ,PR9CIPLES2 AN ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,*>T] ?AT SET \T ! MILITANTS' RI<TS & DUTIES2 ATTEMPTS TO UND]/& ! G5]AL & P>TICUL> HI/ORICAL CONJUNCTURE & WORK PROJECTS = ! DIFF]5T SPH]ES1 9VOLV+ :AT WAS IMM$IATE & :AT CONC]N$ ! M$IUM & LONG T]M4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 WE W]E AW>E ?AT MANY ( !SE POSITIONS %\LD BE REF9$ & DEEP5$ AT FUTURE CONGRESSES4 ,IT'S WOR? M5TION+ SOME?+ ELSE ?AT SEEMS RELEVANT3 WE DID NOT CONSID] ! ISSUES EXHAU/$2 !RE WAS MODE/Y & AN AW>5ESS ( ! COMPLEXITY ( MO/ ( ! ISSUES BE+ ADDRESS$ &1 ON ! O!R H&1 WE (T5 RECALL$ ! DAMAGE CAUS$ BY DOGMATISMS1 READY-MADE S*EMATA & AB/RACTIONS ?AT W]E ADOPT$ \T ( CONTEXT1 BAS$ ON ! BELIEF ?AT !Y W\LD BE VALID = ALL TIMES & PLACES4 0,TODAY1 MORE ?AN EV]1 AN>*ISM MU/ BE OP5-M9D$0 AN 0OLD0 MILITANT ONCE SAID4 

,IT MU/ BE /RESS$ ?AT !SE POSITIONS NEV] IMPLI$ RELATIVISM OR PRAGMATISM4 ,!RE WAS ALWAYS A CONCEPTUAL /RUCTURE - :I* WAS CONCEIV$ AS SOME?+ 9 MOTION1 5COMPASS+ ! POSSIBILITIES ( *ANGE ACCORD+ TO NEW CONTRIBUTIONS ?AT EM]G$ 9 ! FIELD ( KN[L$GE - ?AT SUPPORT$ ! V>I\S DISC\RSES4 ,! G5]AL ASPECTS ( !SE CONCEPTUAL ISSUES W]E DISCUSS$ & WE CAME TO SOME COMMON UND]/&+S4 

,!RE WAS A REJECTION ( ! 9FRA/RUCTURE & SUP]/RUCTURE >*ITECTURAL S*EMA & SPECIAL CONC]N CONC]N+ CONCEPTS & ISSUES SU* AS3 P[] & ! /ATE1 IDEOLOGY1 ! ROLE ( UTOPIA1 SCI5CE & SOCIALISM1 UND]/&+ ( CLASS /RUGGLE BEYOND ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE1 RE=MISM & REVOLUTION1 PACIFISM & REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE1 ME?OD & CONT5T1 P]MAN5T ELEM5TS ( ! CAPITALI/ /RUCTURE1 A REJECTION ( EVOLUTIONISM & PROGRESSIVISM4.<#b.> ,SU* W]E ! MO/ RELEVANT CONCEPTS & QUE/IONS AT ?AT TIME4 

,I MU/ MAKE IT CLE> ?AT ESPECIFISMO WAS NOT EQUALLY UND]/OOD BY EV]YONE & !RE W]E NUANCES4 ,! GREAT] OR LESS] DEGREE ( ORGANIZATION & COMMITM5T TO DECISIONS W]E ISSUES ?AT G5]AT$ DIV]G5CES4 ,:AT IS KN[N AS 0SYN!SIS0 - ?AT IS ALL AN>*I/ CURR5TS ACT+ TOGE!R 9 ! SAME ORGANIZATION - WAS NEV] A MATT] = DISCUSSION4.<#c.> 

,AT A C]TA9 MOM5T1 H[EV]1 FACTS LIKE SOME GR\PS' PRACTICES & !IR WAY ( OP]AT+ HI<LI<T$ /RATEGIES & PRIORITIES ?AT W]E V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE RECOMM5D$ BY ! UNION1 COMMUNITY & POPUL> SECTORS & P>T ( ! MILITANTS 9 ! /UD5T MILIEU4 ,?IS FACTOR1 9 ADDITION TO ! POLITICAL ASPECTS ( ! TIME & ! CONCEPTION ( RUPTURE ?AT WAS BEG9N+ TO BE ADVOCAT$1 RESULT$ 9 ! EXIT+ ( A GR\P ( COMRADES 9 #a#i#f#c4 ,( C\RSE1 !SE COMRADES W]E AN>*I/S BUT !Y HAD ANO!R CONCEPTION ( H[ TO BR+ AB\T SOCIAL TRANS=MATIONS4 

,I AM SAY+ ?IS TO AFFIRM ?AT ! ,F,A,U HAD DIFF]5T P]IODS4 ,AFT] #a#i#f#c1 ! ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS1 ! /RATEGIC COH]5CE ) A CONCEPTION ( RUPTURE1 ! COLLECTIVE POSITION ON ! NE$ = GREAT] PREP>ATION = ! REPRESSION ?AT WAS MANIFE/+ W]E DEEP5$ MU* MORE4 ,BUT ?IS IS AN ISSUE ?AT CAN BE DEALT ) LAT]4 

,IT WAS ALSO AT ?AT TIME ?AT ! SY/EMATIZATION ( !ORETICAL ISSUES BEGAN TO BE CONSID]$ MORE RIGOR\SLY1 ORGANIZ+ ! CONCEPTUAL /RUCTURE ?AT W\LD SUPPORT ! DIFF]5T DISC\RSES ) DUE COH]5CE4 ,BECAUSE1 = US1 A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION NE$$ A CONSI/5T CONCEPTUAL TOOL1 OR TOOLBOX1 ?AT W\LD HELP =MULATE & GUIDE ! /RATEGY ( RUPTURE ?AT WE WANT$ TO C>RY =W>D1 ?AT W\LD 5ABLE RIGOR\S READ+S ( ! SOCIAL REALITY & ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CONSEQU5T POLITICAL L9ES 9 ORD] TO PUT ?IS PROJECT 9TO PRACTICE4 

,!SE QUE/IONS W]E NOT ONLY 9 ! DISC\RSE OR ! REALM ( DESIRES4 ,9 %ORT1 !Y W]E SE5 AS ACTIVITIES P]TA9+ TO ANY O!R FRONT ( WORK1 TREAT+ !M ) ! SAME REGUL>ITY & PLANN+4 

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,F,C3 ,I SEE ?AT ! ,F,A,U'S ESPECIFISMO HAS A LOT TO DO ) ITS [N HI/ORY4 ,IT'S ALSO POSSIBLE TO NOTE ?AT Y\ RELATE ESPECIFISMO ) A CLASSIC T5D5CY ( AN>*ISM1 :I* ADVOCATES ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 POLITICAL ORGANIZATION & POPUL> MOVEM5TS &1 9 ?IS WAY1 ,I BELIEVE IT'S 9EVITABLE TO AGREE ) ! WIDE 9FLU5CE ( ,MALATE/A'S & ,BAKUN9'S ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPTIONS1 :I* HELD ?IS POSITION4 ,H[EV]1 !SE >E NOT ! ONLY 9FLU5CES1 S9CE WE CAN ALSO ID5TIFY TRACES ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM & ! EXPROPRIATOR AN>*ISM ( ! ,RIO DE LA ,PLATA REGION 9 ! ,F,A,U4 ,C\LD Y\ DESCRIBE = ME :AT ! 9FLU5CES ( EA* ( !SE 0P>TS0 >E ON ! CONCEPT ( ESPECIFISMO Y\ ADVOCATE8 ,C\LD ! ,F,A,U BE CONSID]$ HEIR TO ! ,BAKUN9I/ CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION>Y POLITICAL ORGANIZATION REPRES5T$ BY ! ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY AS WELL AS TO ,MALATE/A'S CONCEPTION ( ! 0AN>*I/ P>TY0 TODAY8 

,J,C,M3 ,YES4 ,IT'S POSSIBLE TO SAY ?AT ALL ( ?IS1 9 G5]AL1 EXI/S )9 ! ,F,A,U & WE WILL SEE H[ N[4 ,9 ,URUGUAY1 ! TWO MO/ SIGNIFICANT AN>*I/ CONCEPTIONS OR CURR5TS W]E AN>*O-SYNDICALISM & ESPECIFISMO4 ,! SO-CALL$ ANTI-ORGANIZATIONI/ CURR5T & AFF9ITY GR\PS ?AT ADVOCAT$ 0PROPAG&A BY ! DE$0 HAD LITTLE 9FLU5CE & HAD ALREADY DISAPPE>$ BY ! #a#i#dS4 ,!RE REMA9$ A FEW COMRADES ?AT HAD P>TICIPAT$ 9 EXPROPRIATIONS OR COLLABORAT$ 9 >M$ OP]ATIONS & :O1 AT ! TIME ( ITS F\NDATION1 JO9$ ! ,F,A,U4 ,! ONLY ONES ?AT DID NOT JO9 ! ORGANIZATION W]E A ,SPANI>D :O WAS 9 PRISON = #bd YE>S & ,BOADAS ,RIBAS1 A ,CATALAN CLOSE TO ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI & :O1 ONCE 9 ! ,RIO DE LA ,PLATA REGION1 HAD RELATIONS ) ,MIGUEL ,>CANGEL ,ROSIGNA4 ,H[EV]1 HE REMA9$ CLOSE TO ! ,F,A,U & COLLABORAT$ ON SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES MORE ?AN ONCE4 

,:AT IS CALL$ 09DIVIDUALISM0 DID NOT HAVE ANY SIGNIFICANT EXPRESSION 9 ,URUGUAY AT ?AT TIME1 S9CE ! ANTI-ORGANIZATIONI/S CON/ITUT$ SOME?+ ELSE ?AT W\LD W>RANT A SEP>ATE EXPLANATION4 

,V>I\S EXPRESSIONS ( AN>*ISM1 :I* IF TAK5 9 A PURELY AB/RACT MANN] >E DI/9CT1 W]E BE+ 9TEGRAT$ 9 A RI* & FLUID PROCESS4 ,BUT ?IS 9TEGRATION1 :I* 9VOLV$ A WIDE CIRCULATION ( IDEAS1 EXP]I5CES1 OP9IONS & AFF9ITIES DID NOT AFFECT ! ORGANIZATION'S H>D ORGANIZATIONAL CORE4 

,I AM REF]R+ TO :AT Y\ CALL ! 0AN>*I/ P>TY0 9 ! QUE/ION4 ,! ORGANIZATION WAS BUILT BY MILITANT SUBJECTS :O ADMIR$ ! AN>*I/ EXPROPRIATORS & AV5G]S1 ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE = REVOLUTION>Y & CLASSI/ 5DS1 ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS & ,DURRUTI1 ! REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPT 9 ,SPA9 & ,BAKUN9'S AT TIMES CL&E/9E 9SURRECTIONAL1 CLASSI/ & ORGANIZATIONAL POSITION4 

,H[EV]1 ! PROCESS DID NOT UNFOLD AS A PAT*WORK BUT AS A WEAVE2 WOV5 TOGE!R ?R\< A P>TICUL> ME?OD4 ,IT'S TRUE ?AT IT UNIT$ SOME MORE ?AN O!RS1 S9CE !RE WAS ONE IMPLICIT CON/ANT3 ! NECESSITY ( REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE = A VICTORI\S PROCESS ( RUPTURE ) ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,?IS SY/EM WAS EVALUAT$ BY MO/ MILITANTS 9 ! SAME WAY AS ,MALATE/A1 ,BAKUN9 & O!R COMRADES1 :O >GU$ ?AT DOM9ATION IS BAS$ ON VIOL5CE4 ,VIOL5CE EX]CIS$ 9 DIFF]5T SPH]ES ) ! AIM ( 5SUR+ ! REPRODUCTION ( ! SY/EM1 EV5 ) ITS HI/ORICAL UNFOLD+4 ,SU* A VIOL5T CONFIGURATION1 ) AN 5ORM\S CAPACITY = REPRODUCTION1 C\LD ONLY BE DISCONT9U$ 9 ?IS WAY4 

,LET'S GO BACK TO ! ORGANIZATIONAL QUE/ION4 ,DUR+ ACTIVITIES ?AT 9CLUD$ DISCUSSION1 ELABORATION & SOCIAL ACTION1 WE 9 FACT CON/RUCT$ AN IDEOLOGICAL-ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK4 ,9 ?IS FRAMEWORK WE DID NOT SEE IT AS A PROBLEM = PUBLIC & CL&E/9E WORK TO BE C>RI$ \T AT ! SAME TIME2 WE ALSO MA9TA9$ ?AT >M$ & PUBLIC POPUL>-UNION ACTIVITIES %\LD HAVE !IR [N ORGANIZATIONS1 ACCORD+ TO !IR SPECIFICITY1 & = !M NOT TO BE TREAT$ SEP>ATELY BUT )9 ! SAME ORGANIZATION4 ,! ,F,A,U1 AS A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 %\LD CONTA9 )9 ITSELF ALL ! ACTIVITY NECESS>Y = ITS /RATEGY & ITS PROJECT ( RUPTURE4 

,! MILITANTS ?AT CONT9U$ 9 ! ,F,A,U AFT] #aifc ID5TIFI$ ) !SE NOTIONS & FELT ?AT ?IS COLLECTION ( ACTIVITIES CON/ITUT$ A UNIT ?AT1 ORGANIZ$ 9 ! SAME COLLECTIVE1 W\LD HAVE OP]ATIONAL POT5TIAL 9 SOCIAL & POLITICAL T]MS & C\LD C>RY \T A COH]5T PROCESS ( RUPTURE & BEG9 TO E/ABLI% NEW SOCIAL RELATIONS4 

,IF1 [+ TO A MISUND]/&+ ( 0! PR9CIPLES10 WE CANNOT BUILD AN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION ?AT UND]/&S ! COLLECTION ( ACTIVITIES NECESS>Y = A PROCESS ( TRANS=M+ SOCIAL /RUCTURES WE W\LD BE GIV+ AN>*ISM A DEA? C]TIFICATE4 

,IT WAS AT ?AT TIME ?AT ! ,F,A,U AS A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 9TEGRAT$ !SE COMPON5TS1 :I* 5D$ UP M]G+ & BE+ RECON/RUCT$ 9TO ONE UNIT1 GIV+ IT ! *>ACT] IT HAS TODAY4 ,?IS CON/RUCTION WAS NOT ! PRODUCT ( A POLITICAL DECISION OR ( 9TELLECTUALS BURN+ MIDNI<T OIL1 BUT WAS =G$ 9 ACTION & WAS ! RESULT ( FAILURES & RECTIFICATIONS2 AS WELL AS ( ! PASSION = BUILD+ AN AN>*ISM ?AT WAS P>T ( ! SOCIAL-POLITICAL SC5E1 & NOT ONE ONLY ( MEET+S4 

,EV5 SO1 ?IS IS NOT A F9I%$ PROCESS S9CE SU* QUE/IONS >E 5DLESS4 ,! ADAPTATION1 CORRECTION & 9TEGRATION ( NEW CONCEPTS SEEM TO BE P]MAN5T NE$S4 

,! ,F,A,U HAD1 HAS & 9T5DS TO HAVE ! 9T5TION ( PROMOT+ A REVOLUTION>Y1 ORGANIZ$ AN>*ISM ?AT IS 9 ACCORDANCE ) PRES5T TIMES2 SU* WAS ITS 9T5TION ?AT1 ) MODE/Y & CONSEQU5CE1 IT TRI$ TO C>RY =W>D4 ,( C\RSE ?IS 9VOLV$ HITS & MISSES1 SOME?+ ?AT IS ALMO/ 9SEP>ABLE FROM DO+ & BE+ PRES5T 9 A COMPLEX SOCIAL 9T]ACTION ?AT REQUIRES CONT9UAL RESPONSES4 

,!RE WAS A C5TRAL CONC]N NOT TO TURN AN>*ISM 9TO A CRITIQUE ALONE1 :I* W\LD EV5TUALLY CREATE A WORLD ( GLOOM & HOPELESSNESS V]Y CLOSE TO RESIGNATION4 ,TO AVOID ANY MISUND]/&+ ,I CAN SAY ?AT WE >E 9 FAVOR ( CRITICAL ?9K+ BUT1 TOGE!R ) IT1 WE BELIEVE IT NECESS>Y = !RE TO BE CONSEQU5T PROPOSALS & ACTIONS4 

,9 ITS ,/ATEM5T ( ,PR9CIPLES \R ORGANIZATION /ATES MORE OR LESS ! FOLL[+3 ,AN>*ISM IS FUNDAM5TALLY BAS$ ON A CRITIQUE ( RELATIONS ( DOM9ATION 9 ALL SOCIAL SPH]ES - POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC1 MILIT>Y1 LEGAL1 RELIGI\S1 $UCATIONAL1 ETC42 ?IS CRITIQUE IS P]MAN5TLY BE+ R$EF9$ ACCORD+ TO ! CONCRETE SOCIETY & HI/ORICAL MOM5T 9 :I* IT F9DS ITSELF1 DI/+UI%+ & HI]>*IZ+ ! DET]M9ANT LEVELS 9 ! SOCIAL /RUCTURE - BUT ALWAYS EXPRESS+1 ) ALL ! RIGOR & COH]5CE1 ! NE$ TO F9D ! ORIG9AL F\NDATIONS1 ! H>D CORE ( ! SOCIAL 9JU/ICES & ! CRISES G5]AT$ BY !M4 

,) !SE ANALYTICAL ELEM5TS IT IS POSSIBLE TO P]=M A COMPLETE CRITIQUE ( ! DIFF]5T SOCIAL =MATIONS & GUIDE ! ELABORATION ( AN ALT]NATIVE SOCIAL PROJECT2 ?AT CAN SUPPRESS ! DIFF]5T =MS ( PRIVILEGE & 5ABLE ! REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE ?AT ?IS PROJECT REQUIRES 9 ?IS LONG C\RSE ( DIV]SE /RUGGLES4 ,A !ORETICAL ELABORATION1 A PROCESS & A /RUGGLE ?AT HAVE /RONGLY ORGANIZ$ POLITICAL WORK AS !IR C5TRAL AXIS4 

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,F,C3 ,SOME SECTORS ( \R CURR5T (T5 5D$ UP /IGMATIZ+ ,PIOTR ,KROPOTK9 - MA9LY = HIS EVOLUTION>Y &1 9 A C]TA9 S5SE1 $UCATIONALI/ CONCEPTION - (T5 9VALIDAT+ OR DIM9I%+ HIM AS A RELEVANT !ORI/ = 0\R0 AN>*ISM4 ,I DO NOT AGREE ) ?IS BECAUSE ,I BELIEVE ?AT ,KROPOTK91 DESPITE HAV+ DIFF]5T POSITIONS TO \RS -- MANY BECAUSE ( ! CONTEXT 9 :I* HE LIV$ -- ALSO HAS IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS ?AT MU/ BE TAK5 9TO ACC\NT4 ,I SEE ?AT ,KROPOTK9 IS (T5 QUOT$ & US$ BY ! ,F,A,U & BY Y\ TOO4 ,FROM Y\R PO9T ( VIEW1 :AT IS ! VALIDITY ( ,KROPOTK9'S ?9K+ = ESPECIFISMO8 

,J,C,M3 ,KROPOTK91 HIS ?9K+ & HIS AN>*I/ COMMUNISM HAD A LOT ( 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,RIO DE LA ,PLATA REGION & ELSE:]E 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,IT WAS BOOKS & >TICLES SU* AS ,! ,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD1 ,AN ,APPEAL TO ! ,Y\NG & WRIT+S TRANSLAT$ 9 NEWSPAP]S ( ! TIME ?AT =CEFULLY SPREAD AN>*ISM &1 ESPECIALLY1 ITS COMMUNI/ CONCEPTION4 ,SO MU* SO ?AT1 9 ,URUGUAY1 ! ANTI-ORGANIZATIONI/S1 AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S & ESPECIFI/AS W]E ALL AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S4 ,:5 ,MALATE/A BEGAN TO SPREAD COMMUNISM IT WAS ALREADY KN[N 9 C]TA9 5VIRONM5TS4 ,MU* ( ?IS KN[L$GE RELATES TO ,KROPOTK9 & ! CONTRIBUTIONS ?AT A /RONG IMMIGRATION BR\<T TO !SE P>TS3 SEV]AL LIB]T>IAN MILITANTS FROM ,SPA91 ,ITALY & ,FRANCE :O ALREADY KNEW !SE !ORETICAL-POLITICAL ELEM5TS WELL4 

,!RE >E NO D\BTS ?AT1 REG>DLESS ( ! RESPECT WE HAVE = ,KROPOTK91 ONE CAN SAY ?AT HE HAS HIS PROS & CONS ) RESPECT TO HIS !ORETICAL & POLITICAL PROPOSALS & PO/URES AT ! 9T]NATIONAL LEVEL4 

,ONE MU/ BE> 9 M9D ?AT HE WAS L9K$ TO ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #ahgb AS A RESULT ( HIS TIME 9 ,SWITZ]L&4 ,%ORTLY !REAFT]1 HE BEGAN TO ELABORATE HIS CONCEPTION ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM 9 OPPOSITION TO ,BAKUN9I/ COLLECTIVISM1 :I* HAD BE5 DOM9ANT UNTIL !N4 ,IT'S ALSO NOT CORRECT TO SAY ?AT HE WAS A P]SON :O DEVOT$ HIMSELF SOLELY TO 9TELLECTUAL WORK1 TO RESE>* & NOT TO COMMITT$ MILITANT WORK4 

,KROPOTK9 WAS >RE/$ 9 ,RUSSIA >\ND #ahgd & WAS IMPRISON$ = AB\T TWO YE>S2 LAT] ESCAP+1 TRAVEL+ ?R\< SOME ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES & C>RY+ \T PROPAG&A4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 HE F\ND$ ,LE ,REVOLTE1 AN AN>*I/ J\RNAL ?AT REA*$ ! ,RIO DE LA ,PLATA1 :]E IT WAS WIDELY READ1 ESPECIALLY BY IMMIGRANTS :O SOON SPREAD ITS IDEAS4 ,HE WAS ALSO L9K$ TO WORK]S' /RIKES & HIS CONNECTION ) ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION CO/ HIM A TRIAL & FIVE YE>S 9 PRISON 9 ,LYON4 ,[+ TO MOBILIZATIONS = HIS FRE$OM HE WAS NOT IMPRISON$ ALL !SE YE>S2 HE WAS RELEAS$ TWO YE>S E>LY4 

,:Y AM ,I SAY+ ?IS8 ,AL?\< ,I AM NOT SAY+ ANY?+ ORIG9AL IT'S ALWAYS A GOOD IDEA TO DEAL ) ! POLITICAL /ATURE & SIZE ( ?IS MILITANT1 EV5 IF WE HAVE V>I\S DIFF]5CES 9 RELATION TO HIS POSITIONS4 

,KROPOTK9'S WORK IS BROAD & V>I$ 9 !ME4 ,IT RANGES FROM ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT1 FROM PRISONS TO MUTUAL AID TO CONSID]ATIONS AB\T ! /ATE & ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT SEEMS CLE> TO ME ?AT ?IS IS NOT ! SPACE = MAK+ BROAD] COMM5TS AB\T HIS WORK4 

,IT MU/ BE ADD$1 TO AVOID POSSIBLE CONFUSION1 ?AT SEV]AL ( ,KROPOTK9'S POSITIONS W]E NOT ADOPT$ 9 \R REGION & EV5 LESS SO 9 ! ,F,A,U1 :I* DID NOT EV5 TAKE SOME ( !M 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,!SE POSITIONS 9CLUDE3 HIS G5]AL ORGANIZATIONAL PROPOSAL2 HIS 5?USIA/IC OPTIMISM ?AT ! REVOLUTION W\LD COME SOON1 AN OPTIMI/IC CONCEPTION EV5 = ?AT AGITAT$ SOCIAL CONTEXT2 HIS FATALISM1 M>K$ BY ! EMPHASIS ?AT 0/ATES >E ALREADY HEAD+1 AS HI/ORICAL FATALITY1 TO !IR DECAY02 HIS ME*ANICAL CONCEPTION ( ! UNIV]SE1 :I* ,MALATE/A W\LD DISAPPROV$ (4 

,EV5 IF IT'S POSSIBLE TO F9D HIS !ORETICAL-POLITICAL 5?USIASM BE+ REPRODUC$ 9 MAT]IALS ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ,RIO DE LA ,PLATA1 IT CAN BE SAID ?AT IT HAD NO NEGATIVE EFFECTS4 ,IT MU/ ALSO BE CONSID]$ ?AT ?IS OCCURR$ AT MOM5TS ( GREAT IMPETUS 9 ! AN>*I/-ORI5T$ WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 :I* HAD A REVOLUTION>Y OBJECTIVE 9 M9D4 ,H[EV]1 IT CAN ALSO BE SAID ?AT MO/ ( HIS MAT]IALS *OS5 = DIFFUSION W]E NOT ( A !ORETICAL OR PHILOSOPHICAL NATURE BUT1 ESS5TIALLY1 AGITATIONAL4 

,I AM NOT >GU+ = ANY?+ LIKE ! DEF5SE ( A 0RETURN TO ,KROPOTK940 ,HE WAS NOT AN 9FLU5TIAL !ORI/ 9 ! =MATION ( ! MILITANTS ( ! ,F,A,U1 BUT NEI!R CAN HE BE SAID TO HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY ABS5T4 ,SOME PREVI\SLY MU* DISCUSS$ MAT]IALS W]E $IT$ BY ! ORGANIZATION1 & ,I SAY ?IS ) TOTAL FRANKNESS1 SEEK+ TO CONTRIBUTE TO ! ORI5TATION & /RATEGY ADOPT$4 ,MANY ( !SE MAT]IALS >E L9K$ TO ! WORK+ CLASS OR TO TOPICS SU* AS PRISONS4 

,ONE CAN SAY ?AT ,KROPOTK9 5JOYS MU* RESPECT & RECOGNITION 9 ! ,F,A,U BECAUSE ( HIS EXT5SIVE MILITANT WORK & HIS WRIT+S1 SO WIDELY DISSEM9AT$ 9 ! LATE #a#i? & E>LY #b? C5TURIES4 ,WE APPRECIATE ?AT HE WAS CONC]N$ ) SY/EMIZ+ !MES1 LOOK+ = !ORETICAL & ANALYTICAL TOOLS BUT ?AT ! EPI/EME DEVELOP$ AT ?AT TIME1 :I* WAS V]Y *>ACT]I/IC ( ! EPO*1 (T5 LIMIT$ HIM1 MAK+ HIM BELIEVE HE HAD A KN[L$GE ?AT WAS /ILL DI/ANT & L$ HIM 9TO A DEAD 5D4 

,HIS WORK1 H[EV]1 CANNOT BE SCORN$ DESPITE QUE/IONS ?AT >E 9COMPATIBLE ) US1 ( :I* !RE >E UND\BT$LY MANY4 ,I REIT]ATE1 !N1 ?AT !RE >E MAT]IALS BY ,KROPOTK9 ?AT HAVE AN HI/ORICAL CONTRIBUTION & CAN BE SELECT$ ) A VIEW TO P>TIALLY ADAPT+ !M TO AN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION ?AT DOES NOT HAVE ITS 0PHILOSOPHICAL0 CONCEPTION4 

#d 

  

,F,C3 ,I SEE FROM :AT Y\ >E SAY+ ?AT !RE WAS1 & /ILL IS1 A CONC]N BY ! ,F,A,U NOT TO IMPORT A READY-MADE !ORY FROM ,EUROPE1 OR EV5 FROM ! CLASSICAL !ORI/S2 BUT ALSO TO 9CLUDE ,LAT9 ELEM5TS & ITS [N REFLECTIONS ON AN>*ISM1 SO ?AT IT CAN BE ADAPT$ TO \R REALITY4 ,CLE>LY1 IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT !RE WAS A GREAT CONC]N ) ADAPT+ ! IDEOLOGY TO ! CONJUNCTURE1 TO ! HI/ORICAL MOM5T & TO \R LOCALITY4 ,:AT W]E ! LOCAL ELEM5TS & REFLECTIONS ?AT W]E 9CORPORAT$ 9TO AN>*ISM SO ?AT IT C\LD BE ADAPT$ TO ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN REALITY8 

,J,C,M3 ,?IS IS TRUE4 ,9 FACT1 WE DECID$ NOT TO IMPORT !ORIES1 S*EMATA1 ME?ODS & PROPOSALS ?AT HAD !IR HI/ORICAL MOM5T & ?AT DO NOT CON/ITUTE AN EFFECTIVE CONTRIBUTION TO \R WORK AT ! SOCIAL-POLITICAL LEVEL TODAY4 

,BUT WE HAVE TO AVOID CONFUSION BECAUSE WE NEV] WANT$ TO PRODUCE \R [N !ORY1 \R [N ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN CONCEPTUAL BODY \TSIDE ( :AT WAS PRODUC$ 9 ,EUROPE OR 9 O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,?AT IS1 WE NEV] WANT$ TO PRODUCE A ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN SCI5CE OR A SCI5CE FROM O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE ?AT IS PRODUC$1 AS LONG AS IT IS CONSI/5T1 IS ( VALUE ANY:]E 9 ! WORLD4 

,TO MAKE A PLAYFUL ANALOGY3 WE W\LD NEV] REJECT ! !ORY ( RELATIVITY1 ITS NOTION ( TIME & SPACE BECAUSE ,E9/E9 WAS NOT ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN4 ,SOME?+ ?AT MI<T RESEMBLE ! ,U,S,S,R'S ABSURDITIES ( DEMONIZ+ ,M5DEL'S RESE>* OR ,JACOBSON'S WORKS BECAUSE !Y DID NOT FIT ! S*EMA ( DIALECTICAL LOGIC4 

,AT ! TIME ?IS DISCUSSION TOOK PLACE1 WE CONSID]$ ?AT !RE WAS NEW RESE>* & NEW KN[L$GE ?AT PUT AN 5D TO PREVI\S NOTIONS & (F]$ NEW APPROA*ES1 & ?AT %\LD NECESS>ILY BE 9CORPORAT$ 9TO AN>*ISM UND] P5ALTY ?AT IT W\LD O!RWISE REMA9 AN HI/ORICAL RELIC4 

,WE ASS]T ?AT ! CATEGORICAL BODY ADOPT$1 BECAUSE ( ITS PROP] RIGOR - EV5 ) ! NOTION ?AT KN[L$GE IS 9F9ITE & ?AT ?IS BODY !RE=E CANNOT BE DOGMATIC - %\LD BE COMPLEM5T$ ) ELEM5TS ?AT EA* SPECIFIC LOCALITY C\LD (F]4 ,TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! EXI/+ REALITIES 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA -- ITS DEP5D5CE1 ITS IMP]IAL OPPRESSION & ALL ITS HI/ORY -- WE EMPHASIZ$ ?AT IT WAS FUNDAM5TAL TO /UDY EA* REALITY1 EA* SOCIAL =MATION1 SO ?AT ! !ORETICAL TOOLS & POLITICAL COORD9ATES HAVE A BASIS1 CON/ITUT+ PROPOSALS NOT 9 RELATION TO A PEOPLE MANUFACTUR$ 9 ?\<T1 BUT ! EFFECTIVELY EXI/+ ONE4 

,! HI/ORY ( ! EMANCIPATION ( ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN PEOPLES FROM COLONIAL RULE1 ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( !SE MOVEM5TS & !IR BASES N\RI%$ CYCLES ( DEBATE ?AT ALT]NAT$ ) ! DISCUSSION ( O!R LIB]T>IAN EXP]I5CES1 SU* AS ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 ,MAGON & ,ZAPATA'S ,MEXICO & ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 

,REG>D+ ! REALITIES ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 SEV]AL MAGAZ9ES & CONTRIBUTIONS BY MILITANTS :O TRAVEL$ ?R\< V>I\S C\NTRIES & HAD AN EFFECTIVE 9S]TION 9 ! LABOR & POPUL> MILIEU ( C\NTRIES ) L>GE 9DIG5\S & ME/IZO POPULATIONS W]E CIRCULAT$4 ,! F$]AL IDEAS & /RUGGLES ( ,JOSE ,G]VASIO ,>TIGAS1 = EXAMPLE1 G5]AT$ MU* 9T]E/4 

,NONE ( ?IS HAD ANY?+ TO DO ) NATIONALISM1 AS HAS SOMETIMES BE5 SAID AB\T ! ,F,A,U4 ,!RE WAS ALWAYS A CLE> 9T]NATIONALI/ DEF9ITION2 BUT WE KNEW WE DID NOT FLOAT 9 ?9 AIR1 BUT W]E ON SOLID GR\ND ) A PEOPLE & HI/ORY4 ,IT'S C]TA9 ?AT SOME ( !SE ?+S W5T AGA9/ ! 0CULTURE0 ( ! TIME1 :I* WAS V]Y MU* ROOT$ 9 V]Y G5]AL & R$UCTIONI/ P>AMET]S4 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA WAS SOMETIMES SPOK5 ( AS IF IT W]E SOME?+ HOMOG5E\S & C\LD BE DESCRIB$ & 9T]PRET$ ) A V]Y N>R[ SET ( CONCEPTS4 

,SOME ?+S W]E BE+ SOLD AS SCI5CE4 ,?+S ?AT >E WELL KN[N TODAY1 SU* AS ! ASS]TIONS ?AT ! PLACES 9 :I* ! CONDITIONS = SOCIALISM W\LD FIR/ >ISE W\LD BE ?OSE ) SIGNIFICANT 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T & A L>GE CONC5TRATION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,IT WAS SAID ?AT ! MO/ IMPORTANT ?+ TO CONSID] W\LD BE ELEM5TS ( ?IS TYPE1 & ?AT BEYOND ?AT1 !RE W]E NO?+ BUT RESIDUAL REMNANTS ?AT W\LD BE QUICKLY LIQUIDAT$ BY DEVELOPM5T4 

,9 \R REGION !RE W]E V]Y /RONG 0REMNANTS10 AS 9 ! CASE ( ! ORIG9AL & OPPRESS$ PEOPLES :O C>RI$ \T /RUGGLES = IMPORTANT DEM&S &1 (T51 V]Y DEEP RESI/ANCES - SOME ( :I* W]E ASSOCIAT$ ) MILL5NIAL IDEOLOGIES & MOTIVAT$ BY !M4 

,! TOTALIZ+1 ALMO/ ME*ANICAL CONCEPTIONS ?AT ,I M5TION$ ABOVE DID NOT COME FROM \R MID/S4 ,H[EV]1 SOME ( !M W]E SOMETIMES ABSORB$1 BR++ ) IT SIMIL> POSITIONS ?AT HAVE CONTRIBUT$ TO CONFUSION &1 (T51 TO ! RA!R CONTRADICTORY *>ACT] ( \R !ORETICAL & POLITICAL POSITION4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ALONG ) ! R$UCTIONI/ ASPECT ( ! ECONOMI/IC 9T]PRETATION OR ) ,EUROC5TRISM CAME PROGRESSIVISM & EVOLUTIONISM4 

,!RE WAS A POSITION AGA9/ ,EUROC5TRISM & ITS BAGGAGE1 9DEP5D5T ( ! IDEOLOGICAL 5VIRONM5T FROM :I* !Y CAME4 ,!RE W]E ALSO PRECAUTIONS REG>D+ \R 9T]NALIZ$ CULTURAL COLONIALISM4 ,?IS T5D5CY TO FOLL[ ! TR5D ( SOCIAL !MES1 PROPOSALS1 ORGANIZATIONAL =MS ?AT HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) \R LOCALITY1 ) :AT WE LIVE ?R\< H]E1 ) :AT WE URG5TLY NE$4 ,?IS PRACTICE ( IMPORT+ PROJECTS & /RATEGIES )\T TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ALL ! ANALYSIS ( ! FUNDAM5TAL ASPECTS ( \R SOCIAL =MATION1 ( \R IDEAL - \R ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORICAL SUBJECT & EA* ONE ( ! LOCALITIES 9VOLV$ - ( ?AT :I* ALL[S US TO E/ABLI% AN EFFECTIVE RELATION%IP ) ! PEOPLE1 TO 9ITIATE PROCESSES )9 & ) ! PEOPLE4 

,?IS RELATION%IP CANNOT BE E/ABLI%$ SOLELY BY SUDD5 IDEAS & DECREES ( CONDITIONS & *>ACT]I/ICS =G$ BY PURELY 9TELLECTUAL PROCESSES4 ,( C\RSE1 \R POSITION AGA9/ ,EUROC5TRISM DOES NOT IMPLY NEGAT+ OR NOT 9CORPORAT+ RIGOR\S & CONSI/5T CONTRIBUTIONS COM+ FROM ,EUROPE2 ?AT W\LD BE A K9D ( REV]SE DISCRIM9ATION4 

#e 

  

,F,C3 ,IT CAN BE CONCLUD$ FROM Y\R RESPONSES ?AT ESPECIFISMO IS NOT SOME?+ ?AT WAS CREAT$ BY Y\ 9 ! SECOND HALF ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 BUT A NAME GIV5 TO A PRACTICE ?AT COMES FROM CLASSICAL AN>*ISM4 ,I SEE ?AT Y\ REF] BY 0ESPECIFISMO0 TO ,BAKUN9I/ COLLECTIVISM OR1 ESPECIALLY1 TO ! AN>*O-COMMUNISM ?AT EXI/$ 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & SO MANY O!R PLACES 9 ! WORLD -- :I* ADVOCAT$ ! DI/9CT 0LEVELS0 ( ORGANIZATION1 AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION & POPUL> MOVEM5TS4 ,:Y ! *OICE ( ! T]M 0ESPECIFISMO0 !N & :5 DID ! ,F,A,U />T US+ IT8 

,J,C,M3 ,WE NEV] ?\<T ?AT ESPECIFISMO WAS \R CREATION4 ,WE NEV] ?\<T OR SAID ANY?+ LIKE ?AT4 ,?AT W\LD1 AT ! LEA/1 HAVE BE5 A *ILDI% VANITY4 ,ESPECIFISMO ALREADY HAD ITS RI* HI/ORY & IDEOLOGICAL PRODUCTION4 ,&1 AS ,I SAID1 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ,F,A,U'S =MATION WE SAW 9 ,MALATE/A ITS CLE>E/ & MO/ DEVELOP$ EXPRESSION1 ESPECIALLY 9 SOME ( HIS WORKS4 

,ONE %\LD BE> 9 M9D ?AT ,MALATE/A WAS 9 ,>G5T9A = A :ILE - 9CLUD+ PASS+ ?R\< ,MONTEVIDEO1 ,URUGUAY - 9 ! YE>S #a#h#h#e-#a#h#h#i4 ,IT WAS AT ! REQUE/ ( ,POL9ICE ,MATTEI1 AN ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 ?AT ,MALATE/A WROTE ! FIR/ /ATUTES ( A RESI/ANCE SOCIETY - ! BAK]S' UNION4 ,9 A %ORT TIME1 ! RESI/ANCE UNIONS DEVELOP$ /RONGLY & =M$ ! BACKBONE ( ! GREAT WORK]S' 0C5TRALS0 SU* AS ! ,F$]ACION ,OBR]A ,REGIONAL ,>G5T9A 7,>G5T9E ,REGIONAL ,LABOR ,F$]ATION-,=,A7 & ! ,=,U ITSELF1 :I* COMPRIS$ AB\T #i.0 ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 

,( C\RSE1 ?IS WAS NOT ONLY DUE TO ,MALATE/A'S 9FLU5CE4 ,TO SAY ?AT W\LD BE TO TURN \R SYMPA?Y & RESPECT 9TO RELIGION4 ,)9 ! WORK+ CLASS !RE WAS A SE>* = ORGANIZATIONAL MEANS & ,MALATE/A MANAG$ TO PROVIDE SOME ANSW]S1 :I* WAS NO SMALL FEAT4 ,) HIS 9T5SE ACTIVITY1 SUPPORT$ BY ! ,ITALIAN COLLECTIVITY & MANY O!R AN>*I/S1 HE F\ND$ OR GAVE /RONG IMPETUS TO ESPECIFI/A GR\PS 9 ,>G5T9A4 ,IT WAS AT ?IS TIME ?AT ! COLLECTIVI/S1 ESPECIALLY ! ,SPANI>DS LIV+ 9 ,>G5T9A1 ADH]$ TO AN>*I/ COMMUNISM1 :OSE MILITANTS >TICULAT$ !SE NUCLEI4 ,?IS QUICKLY REV]B]AT$ 9 ,URUGUAY AS ! RELATION%IP ) ,>G5T9E AN>*I/ MILITANCY WAS CON/ANT4 

,9 ORD] NOT TO DWELL TOO MU* ON ?IS SUBJECT ,I %\LD SAY ?AT !RE WAS ANO!R ,F,A,U 7,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ( ,URUGUAY7 9SPIR$ BY ESPECIFI/A IDEAS 9 ! #a#i#bS4 

,9 RELATION TO Y\R QUE/ION ,I CAN SAY ?AT ! DECISION TO USE ! T]M 0ESPECIFISMO0 WAS NECESS>Y TO 9DICATE :]E ON ! AN>*I/ IDEOLOGICAL SPECTRUM WE /OOD4 ,WE US$ ?IS T]M TO 9DICATE1 FUNDAM5TALLY1 ?AT WE W]E 9 FAVOR ( AN AN>*I/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION &1 ALSO1 ?AT \R POSITIONS1 /RATEGY1 G5]AL ORI5TATION & PROGRAM DIFF]$ FROM O!R AN>*I/ EXPRESSIONS4 ,SU* EXPRESSIONS1 ) :I* WE MI<T OCCASIONALLY CO9CID5TALLY AGREE1 DID NOT HAVE REGUL> ACTIVITY ?AT CORRESPOND$ TO :AT WE CONSID]$ FUNDAM5TAL 9 T]MS ( DAILY WORK AT ! SOCIAL-POLITICAL LEVEL2 :I* WE ?\<T %\LD BE >TICULAT$ ) A /RATEGY & A TACTIC ?AT WE BELIEV$ TO BE COH]5T & NECESS>Y = ! PROCESS ( RUPTURE1 \R F9AL OBJECTIVE4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 ,I MU/ ADD1 WE DID NOT ?9K ( ESPECIFISMO AS A COMPLET$ !ORETICAL-POLITICAL BODY1 BUT AS AN IMPORTANT MILE/ONE ?AT %\LD BE FUR!R DEVELOP$4 ,\R ORGANIZATION1 AS ) ALL AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS ?AT ID5TIFI$ ) ?IS G5]AL ORI5TATION1 %\LD TRY MODE/LY TO CONTRIBUTE :ATEV] IT C\LD1 SO AS NOT TO BE /UCK 9 ! PA/4 

,SOME ( ?IS WAS RAIS$ BY ! ,F,A,U AT ! #aieg ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,CONF]5CE2 ?AT IT WAS NOT 5\< TO TAKE /OCK & EMPHASIZE ?AT AN>*ISM WAS AT A L[ EBB - :I* AT ?AT TIME WAS ! ABSOLUTE TRU?4 ,\R RESPONSIBILITY WAS TO LOCATE IT 9 TIME & RELATE IT TO ! PROBLEMS POS$ BY ! PRES5T4 

,IT SEEM$ TO US ?AT ! FIR/ ?+ TO CONSID] WAS ?AT SOME?+ WAS WRONG4 ,IT WAS EASY TO TRY PLACE ! BLAME \TSIDE ( AN>*ISM1 TO SAY ?AT *ANGES HAD REMOV$ US FROM ! SOCIAL >5A & SO MANY O!R ?+S ?AT S\ND$ MORE LIKE SELF-JU/IFICATION & A C]TA9 CON=MISM4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS W\LD HAVE PREV5T$ US FROM CONFRONT+ ! HI/ORICAL *ALL5GE WE W]E FAC+ & W\LD NOT P]MIT US TO ACCEPT \R 9ADEQUACY & LACK ( ADAPTATION TO ! TRANS=MATIONS ?AT HAD OCCURR$ )9 CAPITALISM4 ,WE DID NOT WANT TO KEEP REPEAT+ ! SAME ?+S AB\T \RSELVES )\T ! SOCIAL S5SIBILITY ( PLAC+ \RSELVES COMPLETELY BESIDE \R PEOPLE4 ,WE DID NOT WANT TO BECOME1 9 PRACTICE1 A K9D ( ELITE FIT = OV]BL[N CRITICISM1 BUT ) 5ORM\S DIFFICULTIES LE>N+ FROM SO MU* ?AT ! NEW TIMES BR\<T4 

,?IS POSITION WAS NOT ONLY DEF5D$ BY ! ,F,A,U AT ?IS ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN CONF]5CE2 ! ,>G5T9E DELEGATION1 :I* AT C]TA9 TIMES DEMON/RAT$ GREAT LUCIDITY1 P]=M$ A BROAD ANALYSIS ( \R DIFFICULTIES AT ?AT TIME4 

,WE MA9TA9$ ?AT WE MISDIRECT$ ! QUE/IONS MO/ ( ! TIME &1 AS A RESULT1 ! ANSW]S C\LD NOT BE APPROPRIATE4 ,AS ,GA/ON ,BA*EL>D PO9TS \T1 DIRECT+ ! QUE/IONS WELL IS ALREADY A BIG /EP =W>D4 ,IT SEEM$ FUNDAM5TAL TO BROADLY 9CORPORATE MODE/Y1 TO KN[ ! SITUATION WE W]E 9 & TO RECOGNIZE ?AT WE W\LD1 NECESS>ILY1 FACE MANY DIFFICULTIES 9 TRY+ TO GET \T ( ?IS SOCIAL LABYR9?4 ,AFT] ALL1 WE HAD LO/ ! REF]5CE ( A GREAT HI/ORICAL P]IOD )\T HAV+ ASK$ \RSELVES :AT WAS HAPP5+4 

,WE MU/ LOOK = REF]5CES 9 ?OSE OLD CONGRESSES1 9 :I* ! 0OLD0 !ORI/S P>TICIPAT$1 & 9 :I* !Y BOLDLY & CREATIVELY PUT =W>D PHILOSOPHICAL & POLITICAL POSITIONS ?AT S\<T TO ADVANCE & ATTRACT ! 9T]E/ ( A BROAD PUBLIC4 ,IT IS NOT RELEVANT1 = :AT ,I WANT TO HI<LI<T1 ?AT MANY ( ?OSE POSITIONS W]E IMBU$ ) ! KN[L$GE FRAMEWORK ( ?AT HI/ORICAL MOM5T & MAY1 9 LI<T ( NEW RESE>* & DISCOV]Y1 BE CONSID]$ 9CONSI/5T TODAY4 ,I ONLY EMPHASIZE ! POLITICAL ATTITUDE4 

,9 A C]TA9 P]IOD1 :I* WAS NOT %ORT1 AN>*I/ MILITANTS ANALYZ$ ! PROBLEMS ?AT !Y FAC$ & =MULAT$ PROPOSALS = ACTION4 ,ALL ! P]IODS EXP]I5C$ MANY *ANGES4 ,!RE=E1 ! LACK ( ADEQUATE ANSW]S 9DICAT$ ?AT ! PROBLEM HAD NOT BE5 PROP]LY ADDRESS$1 ?AT !RE WAS A LACK ( CREATIVITY1 ( POLITICAL BOLDNESS TO EXPLORE ! NEW1 TO EX]CISE CRITICAL ?9K+4 ,! 0OLD0 !ORI/S DID ?IS V]Y WELL1 GIV+ !IR LIVES TO AN>*ISM & A*IEV+ CONT9UITY 9 V>I\S LAT] MOVEM5TS4 

,I MU/ /RESS ?AT WE DO NOT PRES5T \RSELVES AS ESPECIFI/AS 9 \R 0PUBLIC0 APPE>ANCE1 9 \R M$IA & TO O!R POLITICAL & SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS2 WE PRES5T \RSELVES AS AN AN>*I/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,! T]M 0ESPECIFISMO0 IS USEFUL ONLY AMONG AN>*I/S OR TO ANSW] ?AT QUE/ION ?AT J\RNALI/S (T5 ASK US 9 !IR REPORTS AB\T :I* AN>*ISM WE PROMOTE4 ,IF WE REF]R$ TO \RSELVES AS ESPECIFI/AS AT ! POPUL> LEVEL IT W\LD MEAN ?AT WE W\LD HAVE TO C>RY AN EXPLANATORY LEAFLET 9 \R POCKETS TO DI/RIBUTE :5EV] WE MADE ?IS /ATEM5T4 

,WE MAKE IT CLE>1 9T]NALLY 9 ! ORGANIZATION & TO AN>*I/S 9 G5]AL1 ?AT WE >E P>T ( ! AN>*I/ IDEOLOGICAL CURR5T & ?AT IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 \R DESIRE TO CONTRIBUTE1 EV5 ) A SMALL GRA9 ( S&1 TO ! CONT9UATION ( ITS ADVANCE4 ,?IS ADVANCE ALSO IMPLIES ! 9CORPORATION ( V>I\S CONTRIBUTIONS1 /UDIES & RESE>*ES ?AT APPE>1 H]E & !RE1 BO? FROM ! WORKS ( HI/ORICAL >*AEOLOGY AS WELL AS FROM ! SE>* = NEW ?+S4 

,I MU/ ADD ?AT1 TODAY1 MANY ( \R COMRADES PREF] A PRECISE & CLE> DEF9ITION & ?US DEF9E ! ,F,A,U SOLELY AS AN AN>*I/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 

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,F,C3 ,HAVE Y\ US$ ?IS ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPT ( ESPECIFISMO S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,F,A,U8 ,I SAY ?IS BECAUSE :5 ! ,F,A,U WAS F\ND$ !RE W]E ALREADY SOME DOCUM5TS ?AT1 AT LEA/ FROM MY PO9T ( VIEW1 >E ! RESULT ( ?IS V]Y 0S\P0 9 :I* ! ,F,A,U'S ESPECIFISMO DEVELOPS & :I* BE> SOME RESEMBLANCE TO IT4 ,I AM REF]R+ P>TICUL>LY TO ! ,DIELO ,TRUDA GR\P'S #aibf ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,PLAT=M ( ! ,G5]AL ,UNION ( ,AN>*I/S1 .<#d.> ! #aide ,PLAT=M ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/S ( ,BULG>IA .<#e.> & ,GEORGE ,FONT5IS'S #aiec ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O4 .<#f.> ,DID Y\ 5C\NT] !SE DOCUM5TS AT ! TIME ( CON/ITUT+ ! ,F,A,U & UPDAT+ ?IS CONCEPT ( ESPECIFISMO8 ,DID !Y HAVE ANY 9FLU5CE ON ! CREATION ( ! ,F,A,U'S ESPECIFISMO8 

,J,C,M3 ,I ?9K P>T ( ?IS QUE/ION HAS ALREADY BE5 ANSW]$4 ,BUT WE CAN REIT]ATE ?AT ) ! EXCEPTION ( ,BALKANSKY'S TEXT1 :I* CAME FROM ! ,BULG>IAN ,F$]ATION1 NONE ( !SE DOCUM5TS W]E CIRCULAT$ DUR+ ! PROCESS ( CON/ITUT+ ! ,F,A,U4 

,9 ! PROCESS1 A ,COMISION ,PRO ,F$]ACION ,LIB]T>IA ,URUGUAYA 7,PRO-,URUGUAYAN ,LIB]T>IAN ,F$]ATION ,COMMISSION-,C,P,F,L,U7 NOM9AT$ BY A NATIONAL PL5>Y WAS =M$1 :I* WORK$ DUR+ #aiee TO CIRCULATE POSITIONS ON V>I\S TOPICS4 ,! COMMISSION'S WORK M5TION$ EXP]I5CES SU* AS ! =MATION ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,F$]ATION 9 ,>G5T9A1 9 #a#i#a4 ,AT ! TIME ( DRAW+ UP ! ,/ATEM5T ( ,PR9CIPLES & ! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,*>T] 7,C>TA ,ORGANICA71 !RE W]E CONTRIBUTIONS BY ! 0OLD0 COMRADES - :O HAD P>TICIPAT$ 9 MANY ORGANIZATIONAL 9ITIATIVES 9 ,RIO DE LA ,PLATA BETWE5 #aie & #aie - & ALSO BY Y\NG MILITANTS - ESPECIALLY ! ,JUV5TUDES ,LIB]T>IAS 7,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\?S-,J,J,L,L71 ?AT HAD A DECISIVE PROXIMITY AT ?AT TIME TO ! ,F$]ATION ( ,UNIV]SITY ,/UD5TS1 :I* OP]AT$ ) A COMPLETELY F$]ALI/ /RUCTURE & LIB]T>IAN MATRIX4 ,ANO!R GR\P PRES5T 9 ?IS PROCESS1 ,C]RO1 9CLUD$ COMRADES :O HAD P>TICIPAT$ 9 V>I\S ORGANIZATIONAL 9/ANCES - ONE ( !M P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION - :O HAD EXP]I5CE & :O HAD ALREADY ELABORAT$ CONCRETE PROPOSALS 9 ORGANIZATIONAL T]MS1 NOT ONLY ( PR9CIPLES OR ! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,*>T] BUT ALSO ( /RATEGY & PROGRAM4 

,LOTS ( PREP>ATORY BULLET9S CONTA9+ SEP>ATE DOCUM5TS W]E PUBLI%$2 !Y 9CLUD$ ANY PROPOSAL ?AT HAD TO BE CONSID]$ AT ! F\ND+ 9/ANCE4 ,IF SOMEONE HAD PROPOS$ ANY ( !SE DOCUM5TS Y\ M5TION !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 9CORPORAT$1 BECAUSE ?AT WAS ! DOM9ANT CRIT]ION4 ,I MU/ SAY ?AT ! EMPHASIS ON ! 0H]E & N[0 - AS IT WAS !N SAID - DID NOT MEAN ANY WILL+NESS ON \R P>T TO DISREG>D PREVI\S EXP]I5CES1 DOCUM5TS OR /RUGGLES4 ,NO?+ WAS EXCLUD$4 ,! ISSUE ( ! DOCUM5TS ?AT W]E CIRCULAT$ 9 ! F\ND+ PROCESS WAS DEALT ) EXACTLY ! WAY ,I PUT IT4 

,! FACT ?AT ! DOCUM5TS Y\ M5TION DID NOT APPE> 9 ! F\ND+ PROCESS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ! 0OLD0 COMRADES DID NOT KN[ AB\T !M4 ,= EXAMPLE1 EXEMPL>Y MILITANTS SU* AS ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO & ,PIOTR ,>%9OV W]E (T5 M5TION$ 9 CONV]SATIONS HELD A FEW YE>S BE=E ! F\ND+ ( ! ,F,A,U1 BO? 9 ! ,C]RO ,A!NEUM & ,J,J,L,L4 ,BESIDES ?IS1 ! $ITION ( ,>GONAUT AB\T ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T WAS WIDELY CIRCULAT$4 .<#g.> ,9T]E/+LY 5\<1 ?IS BOOK WAS ALSO PUBLI%$ 9 ,RUSSIAN & !RE W]E SOME MILITANTS L9K$ TO ! ,F,A,U'S ACTIVITIES FROM ?AT REGION4 

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,F,C3 ,TODAY1 ! DOCUM5TS ?AT ,I QUOT$ ABOVE =M ! BASIS ( ! /RATEGY ( ORGANIZATIONS ?AT ID5TIFY ) ! ,PLAT=MI/ TRADITION & CALL !MSELVES AN>*I/ COMMUNI/4 ,S9CE ESPECIFISMO - BY ?AT NAME - IS ONLY ID5TIFI$ ) H]E 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA MANY ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BE5 \R 9T]LOCUTORS 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 ,I W\LD LIKE TO KN[ IF Y\ HAVE HAD ACCESS TO !SE DOCUM5TS & W\LD Y\ COMM5T ON !M4 ,!N1 ,I W\LD LIKE TO KN[3 :AT1 = Y\1 IS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ESPECIFISMO & PLAT=MISM8 

,J,C,M3 ,! CRIT]IA = 9=MATION & MILITANT =MATION WAS V]Y BROAD4 ,9DE$1 EV5 BE=E ! ,F,A,U WAS =M$ !RE W]E SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS1 SU* AS ,AT5EU DEL ,C]RO1 & UNIONS ?AT HAD L>GE LIBR>IES4 ,!SE 5VIRONM5TS S\<T TO /IMULATE READ+ & CREATE AN 5VIRONM5T = ! EX*ANGE ( IDEAS AMONG MILITANTS4 ,LOTS ( AN>*I/ MAT]IALS & O!R RELAT$ WORKS OR WORKS ( G5]AL 9T]E/ W]E READ4 ,I AM REF]R+ ESPECIALLY TO ! LABOR MILIEU4 ,9 ?AT CONTEXT1 MANY ( ! LIB]T>IAN MILITANTS OR ?OSE CLOSE TO \R IDEAS READ ,LUIGI ,FABBRI1 ,RUDOLF ,ROCK]1 ,FAU/O ,FALAS*I1 ,RIC>DO ,MELLA1 ,ANSELMO ,LOR5ZO1 ,PIOTR ,>%9OV1 ,RIC>DO ,FLORES ,MAGON1 ,RAFAEL ,B>RET1 ,MANUEL ,GONZALEZ ,PRADA &1 ( C\RSE1 ,BAKUN91 ,MALATE/A & ,KROPOTK94 ,!SE AU?ORS W]E READ & DISCUSS$1 =MALLY & 9=MALLY4 ,ALONG ) !M LEAFLETS & >TICLES ) NEW APPROA*ES1 SU* AS ! TEXTS ( ,GA/ON ,LEVAL & O!RS1 W]E ALSO READ4 

,IT'S MO/ LIKELY ?AT PLAT=MISM WAS NOT KN[N BY V]Y MANY MILITANTS4 ,I DO NOT KN[ IF ITS PRIM>Y TEXTS W]E CIRCULAT$ 9 !SE SPACES1 EI!R AMONG ,F,A,U MILITANTS OR AMONG ?OSE ?AT COMPRIS$ ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,CONGRESS4 ,!Y W]E NEV] M5TION$ 9 ! LIB]T>IAN 9ITIATIVES ?AT W]E >TICULAT$ 9 ! #a#i#eS & #a#i#fS4 ,AT ?AT TIME ! AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S ?AT W]E P>TISAN TO ORGANIZATION1 9 ,>G5T9A & 9 ,*ILI1 AGRE$ ) ,MALATE/A'S POSITIONS4 

,H[EV]1 REGUL> M5TION ( ! AU?ORS ( ! 0,PLAT=M0 - :O W]E CONSID]$ TO BE EXEMPL>Y MILITANTS - WAS ALWAYS V]Y COMMON2 !Y HAVE ALWAYS BE5 SPOK5 ( ) GREAT SYMPA?Y & RESPECT1 BUT ONLY ?AT4 

,YE> LAT] IT SEEM$ TO ME1 P]SONALLY1 ?AT :AT ! PLAT=MI/S >GU$ = WAS V]Y CLOSE TO ESPECIFISMO - P>TICUL>LY ! ESPECIFISMO PRACTIC$ BY ! ,F,A,U4 ,AN ANALYSIS ( ! DIFF]5CES & SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 !SE TWO PROPOSALS - & ?AT CONSID]S ASPECTS ?AT >E /ILL CURR5T & ?OSE ?AT >E /RICTLY L9K$ TO A P>TICUL> HI/ORICAL CONJUNCTURE - REQUIRES SPECIFIC WORK1 :I* C\LD BE V]Y 9T]E/+4 ,BUT ?IS IS SOME?+ ?AT REQUIRES TIME1 D$ICATION & CONSULT+ A LOT ( DOCUM5TATION2 A DAUNT+ TASK & A SUBJECT ON :I* ONE CANNOT IMPROVISE4 ,RI<T N[1 ?IS IS A TASK ?AT DOES NOT EXCITE ME4 ,I CANNOT EV5 ?9K AB\T MAK+ A S*EMATIC & BASIC ANALYSIS )\T MANY PRET5SES4 ,S9CE1 AS ,I SAID E>LI]1 ,I AM FOCUS$ ON F9I%+ AN HI/ORICAL WORK AB\T \R ORGANIZATION & ,I DO NOT HAVE MU* TIME AVAILABLE !SE DAYS4 

,!RE=E1 ?IS RESPONSE WILL BE GIV5 ONLY 9 T]MS ( 0IMPRESSIONS40 ,I C\LD ADD AS A CONTRIBUTION ?AT IF WE W]E TO ASK ! ,F,A,U COMRADES ( ! PREVI\S G5]ATIONS AB\T :AT PLAT=MISM IS !Y W\LD - ,I SUPPOSE1 BAS$ ON H[ ?+S HAPP5$ >\ND H]E - ANSW] SOME?+ ALONG ! L9ES (3 IT'S AB\T AN ESPECIFI/A GR\P LIKE \RS1 ?AT WAS N\RI%$ BY ANO!R HI/ORY & ANO!R EXP]I5CE4 

,AS Y\ CAN SEE ,I MAKE V>I\S M5TION ( ?+S WE HAVE TO OV]COME1 ! *ALL5GES ?AT LIE AHEAD1 ! NE$ TO />T TAK+ FIRM /EPS TO MAKE UP = SO MU* LO/ GR\ND4 ,I SAY ALL ?IS FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ?AT AN>*ISM HAS A VA/ PA/ EXP]I5CE & ?AT IT /ILL HAS A LOT TO SAY & TO ACCOMPLI% TODAY4 ,IT'S OBVI\S ?AT LIB]T>IAN HI/ORY IS NOT />T+ N[2 WE >E HEIRS TO A PA/ FULL ( /RUGGLE1 ( EXEMPL>Y MILITANTS1 ( TRUE H]OES ( ! PEOPLE4 

,AN>*ISM HAS WRITT5 GREAT PAGES 9 ! BOOK ( HI/ORY4 ,! WORLD ( WORK]S WORLD KN[S ! ABNEGATION & 9TEGRITY ?AT *>ACT]IZES IT1 ALONG ) A PA/ ?AT EV5 AMAZES US4 ,AN>*ISM HAS GIV5 FULL ANSW]S TO ! NECESSITY ( TRANS=M+ ! /RUCTURES ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & HAS PRECISELY LAID D[N ! G5]AL L9ES ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION :I*1 9 !IR FUNDAM5TAL ASPECTS1 HAVE AN UNQUE/IONABLE VALIDITY2 IT EMPHASIZ$ POPUL> P>TICIPATION1 DIRECT ACTION1 ! IMP]ATIVE NOT TO P>TICIPATE 9 B\RGEOIS 9ITIATIVES4 ,FAC$ ) ! FAILURE ( ! O!R CONCEPTIONS ( SOCIALISM1 AN>*ISM CAN TODAY1 BE=E ! C\RT ( HI/ORY1 RECLAIM ! RI<T TO DEVELOP ITS MODEL ( SOCIETY4 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS CAN ONLY BE DONE )9 HI/ORY1 BUT NOT )9 ! PREVAIL+ P[] - :I* MU/ BE DEFEAT$ AS IT WILL NOT FALL ON ITS [N4 ,9 \R VIEW ?IS P[] MU/ BE F\<T ) BLOOD & FIRE4 

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,F,C3 ,)9 AU?ORIT>IAN & ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/ CURR5TS !RE >E SECTORS ?AT1 LIKE US1 DEF5D ?IS SEP>ATION BETWE5 ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION & ! POPUL> MOVEM5T4 ,C\LD Y\ EXPLA9 :AT ! DIFF]5CE IS BETWE5 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION & POPUL> MOVEM5TS & ! RELATION%IP ( ! ,L59I/ _/ ,TROTSKYI/ P>TIES ) !SE MOVEM5TS8 ,?AT IS1 :AT DIFF]5TIATES A SPECIFIC AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION FROM AN AU?ORIT>IAN P>TY8 ,C\LD Y\ TALK A LITTLE AB\T ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION & POPUL> MOVEM5TS8 

,J,C,M3 ,I WILL SEP>ATE ! !MES SO ?AT ! ANSW] IS CLE>]4 ,FIR/1 ,I WILL ADDRESS :AT HAVE TRADITIONALLY BE5 CALL$ AU?ORIT>IAN P>TIES4 ,?IS !ME BR+S US TO ANO!R3 ! NE$ = A NEW WAY ( DO+ POLITICS2 :I* AT ! SAME TIME AM\NTS TO LOOK+ AT POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 9 ANO!R WAY1 EMPHASIZ+ ASPECTS G5]ALLY OPPOS$ TO ?OSE ( ,M>XI/ GR\PS & ORGANIZATIONS4 

,ALL ( !SE HAVE /RATEGIES ?AT CONSID] M9IMAL OR EV5 PASSIVE P>TICIPATION BY ! WORK+ CLASS & POPUL> MOVEM5TS 9 G5]AL4 ,!Y BELIEVE !Y REPRES5T ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S & ?AT IT'S ! P>TY ?AT MU/ BE /R5G!N$ S9CE TRANS=MATIONS OR1 9 SOME CASES1 REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS COME FROM ABOVE & >E DET]M9$ BY ! P>TY4 ,9 ALL CASES - SOME MORE SO & O!RS LESS - ! SO-CALL$ 0MASSES0 ACT AS CONVEYOR BELTS4 ,IT'S ! P>TY ?AT /E]S ! PROCESS1 DET]M9+ :AT %\LD BE DONE )\T LEAV+ ! 0MASS0 MOVEM5T ) ANY RELEVANT DECISION-MAK+ ALT]NATIVE4 

,)\T D\BT1 WE MU/ DIFF]5TIATE ! /RATEGIES ( !SE P>TIES3 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & ! ,M>XI/-,L59I/S4 

,! HI/ORY ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACIES IS WELL KN[N1 YET 9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+ !Y ALWAYS REAPPE> 9 ONE OR O!R GUISE4 ,! RE=MI/ POSITIONS ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL PROMOT$ GRADUAL TRANS=MATIONS ?R\< RE=MS2 TRANS=MATIONS ?AT DID NOT *ALL5GE ! /RUCTURE ( DOM9ATION4 ,!SE P>TIES V]Y QUICKLY BECAME *AMPIONS ( SMALL *ANGES OR M9OR ADJU/M5TS 9 SY/EMIC FUNCTION+4 ,AL?\< M5TION$ ! WORD SOCIALISM R5\NC$ ALL REAL POSSIBILITY ( OV]COM+ CAPITALISM 9 ITS DISC\RSES1 & SOON 9 ! FACTS4 ,RE=MISM DID NOT ADOPT A /RATEGY ( P[] BUT SETTL$ )9 IT UNTIL IT WAS 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ALL ! /RUCTURES1 FUNCTION+1 ! 9/ITUTIONS ( CAPITALISM4 ,ITS LOGIC DEVELOP$ ALONG ! SAME L9ES3 ASK+ ! PEOPLE = !IR VOTES & CLAIM+ TO REPRES5T !M4 ,F9ALLY1 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY CREAT$ ! BE/ 5VIRONM5T = CAPITALISM'S EXI/5CE & REPRODUCTION4 ,TODAY IT SPEAKS LITTLE1 IF AT ALL1 ( SOCIALISM & ! PURSUIT ( FUNDAM5TAL TRANS=MATIONS ?R\< IMPROVEM5TS 9 CAPITALISM4 ,SO MU* SO ?AT IT HAS MADE DEALS ) RI<T-W+ P>TIES 9 MANY C\NTRIES4 

,ON ! O!R H& WE HAVE ! CASE ( ,L59 :O1 APPROPRIAT+ ,KAUTSKY'S !SIS ?AT IDEOLOGY COMES FROM \TSIDE1 5TRU/S ! P>TY ) ! IDEOLOGY ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,?US1 IT'S ! P>TY ?AT DOES POLITICS & IS ! 5LI<T5$ BE>] ( ! IDEOLOGY ( ! MULTITUDES ( WORK]S4 ,A CLE>LY VANGU>DI/ CONCEPTION ?AT1 APPROPRIAT+ EV]Y?+1 F9ALLY PLACES ALL ITS EXPECTATIONS ON 9TELLECTUALS2 ALMO/ ALL ( !M FROM WEAL?Y SECTORS OR FROM ! UPP] MIDDLE CLASS ( SOCIETY4 

,IT'S NECESS>Y H]E TO MAKE A P>5!SIS 9 ORD] TO EMPHASIZE ! IMPORTANCE ( A !ME - ?AT IS ! CONFUSION BETWE5 TWO V]Y DIFF]5T CONCEPTS3 IDEOLOGY & !ORY - :I* WE WILL BRIEFLY DISCUSS BEL[4 ,BUT LET'S GO BACK TO ,M>XISM-,L59ISM4 

,= ,M>XI/-,L59I/S ?OSE 0FROM BEL[0 - ,I WILL USE ?IS T]M1 :I* SEEMS CLE> TO ME & IS CLOSE TO ?OSE ?AT ,BAKUN9 US$ ON OCCASION - >E SUBORD9ATE TO EV]Y?+ ?AT IS NOT ( ! ORD] ( IMM$IATE DEM&S4 ,& ?IS AS LONG AS !SE DEM&S NEV] CALL 9TO QUE/ION ! ALLIANCES & PRIORITIES E/ABLI%$ BY ! P>TY4 ,9 ?IS S*EMA !RE IS1 9 FACT1 ONLY ONE DIRECTION3 FROM ! P>TY TO ! CLASS & ! 5TIRE POPULATION4 ,! FUNDAM5TAL BELIEF IS ?AT ! POPULATION - & ITS HI/ORICAL SUBJECT1 0! CLASS0 - MU/ REMA9 SUBORD9ATE TO ! P>TY1 S9CE ! CLASS IS UNABLE TO CREATE 9/ANCES ( LIB]ATION ON ITS [N4 ,IT WAS (T5 SAID ?AT ! CLASS 0WAS NOT CONSCI\S ( ITSELF40 ,IT WAS ALSO >GU$ ?AT IT W\LD NOT BE POSSIBLE TO CREATE ! FUNDAM5TAL CONDITIONS = RUPTURE FROM BEL[ )9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,! LEVEL ( DEVELOPM5T1 ( SELF-ORGANIZATION1 ( ! SELF-MANAGEM5T ( POPUL> 9ITIATIVES !RE=E DOES NOT MATT]4 ,FUNDAM5TALLY1 IT'S NOT AB\T CREAT+ A /RONG PEOPLE1 BUT A /RONG P>TY4 

,?IS LOGIC DID NOT *ANGE ONCE ,M>XI/-,L59ISM CAME TO P[]4 ,! PROLET>IAT & ! PEOPLE MU/ /AY LOYAL TO ! P>TY UND] P5ALTY ( BE+ TREAT$ AS TRAITORS TO ?OSE ?AT REPRES5T$ !M & PROMOT$ !IR 9T]E/S4 ,! PIL> ( ! REGIME'S CONT9UITY RE/$ ON AN OB$I5T PEOPLE OR ONE ?AT DID NOT CLE>LY EXPRESS ITS DISAGREEM5TS4 

,WE CAN SAY ?AT WE ESPECIFI/A AN>*I/S DO NOT SEP>ATE ! TWO LEVELS1 LET ALONE SUBORD9ATE ONE LEVEL TO ! O!R4 ,WE BELIEVE !Y >E SPECIFIC LEVELS ?AT FULFILL DI/9CT SOCIAL FUNCTIONS & MU/ BE 9 CON/ANT 9T]ACTION4 

,! ORGANIZATIONAL =M IS NO LESS IMPORTANT4 0,DEMOCRATIC0 C5TRALISM IS A CONCEPTION ?AT IS L9K$ TO ! P>TY'S VANGU>DI/ DYNAMICS2 )\T ?IS ORGANIZATIONAL TOOL SU* AN ORI5TATION W\LD NOT BE POSSIBLE4 ,?US1 ?IS ORGANIZATIONAL =M %\LD BE EVALUAT$ AS AN IMPORTANT P>T ( ! CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,9 \R ORGANIZATIONS F$]ALISM FULFILLS ?IS ROLE4 

,!RE >E O!R HI/ORICAL CURR5TS ( ,M>XISM1 BUT IT'S POSSIBLE TO SAY ?AT !Y HAVE A COMMON D5OM9ATOR3 ! VANGU>DI/ CONCEPTION4 ,CURR5TS ?AT >E (T5 MASK$1 BUT :I* DO NOT *ANGE ! AXIS ( !IR FUNDAM5TAL POLITICAL ACTION4 ,!Y ALL CONSID] ! /ATE AS A C5T] FROM :I* TO PROMOTE ! TRANS=MATIONS !Y PROPOSE TO C>RY \T4 

,H[EV]1 !RE >E ALSO SOME ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN CURR5TS ?AT1 P]HAPS1 CAN NOT BE RIGOR\SLY DEF9$ IF WE E/ABLI% A COMMON /&>D4 ,HI/ORICALLY1 9 ,RIO DE LA ,PLATA !RE W]E SIGNIFICANT GR\PS1 MA9LY 9 ,>G5T9A1 ?AT W]E CALL$ ANTI-ORGANIZ]S4 ,OV] TIME & ?R\< A COMPLEX PROCESS !Y 9CORPORAT$ 9TO UNION WORK & /IMULAT$ A REVOLUTION>Y TYPE ( UNIONISM4 

,9 ?IS REGION !RE IS AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1 :I* CON/ITUTES A RA!R UNIQUE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN MOVEM5T2 9 PRACTICAL T]MS IT DOES POLITICS & IDEOLOGY ?R\< UNION WORK ITSELF4 ,AN>*I/ SYNDICALI/S HOLD A VIEW ?AT UNIONS >E CAPABLE ( PROMOT+ REVOLUTION &1 SUBSEQU5TLY1 REBUILD+ SOCIETY ON DI/9CT SOCIALI/ & LIB]T>IAN F\NDATIONS4 ,BUT1 UNLIKE MO/ O!R ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN GR\PS1 !Y >E EMB$D$ 9 ! TRADE UNION MILIEU & DEAL ON A DAILY BASIS ) ! RI<TS1 DEM&S & /RUGGLES ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO :I* !Y >E L9K$4 

,= EXAMPLE1 A FEW YE>S AGO SECTORS ( ! ,SPANI% ,CONF$]ACION ,G5]AL DEL ,TRABAJO 7,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR-,C,G,T7 ?AT W]E CLE>LY AN>*I/S /IMULAT$ AN 9ITIATIVE ?AT S]V$ ! MEET+ & DIALOGUE ( AN>*I/ GR\PS 9T]E/$ 9 REVITALIZ+ \R IDEOLOGY4 ,?IS 9ITIATIVE WAS CALL$ ,9T]NATIONAL ,LIB]T>IAN ,SOLID>ITY 7,I,L,S-,S,I,L7 & ,JOSE ,M>IA ,OLAIZOLA1 AT ?AT TIME SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,G,T1 WAS ! ONE :O PROPELL$ ?IS 9ITIATIVE4 ,IT WAS AN 9/ANCE :]E WE C\LD ANALYZE \R CURR5T SITUATION ) COMRADES FROM DIFF]5T C\NTRIES4 ,! NEW COMMISSION1 NOM9AT$ BY CONGRESS1 ?AT TOOK OV] ! ,C,G,T DID NOT GIVE CONT9UITY TO ! ,I,L,S1 :I* EV5TUALLY CEAS$ TO EXI/4 ,MO/ ( ! COMRADES ?AT PROMOT$ ! =MATION ( ! ,I,L,S =M$ ! ,APOYO ,MUTUO 7,MUTUAL ,AID7 GR\P & CONT9UE ) ! SAME CONC]N4 ,?IS NUCLEUS IS ORGANIZATIONI/ & HAS V]Y CLOSE RELATION%IPS ) SPECIFIC 7AN>*I/ POLITICAL7 ORGANIZATIONS1 BO? 9 ,EUROPE & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,?IS IS AN EXAMPLE ?AT DEMON/RATES ! UNIQU5ESS ( SOME ( !SE MOVEM5TS & ! PO9TS WE CAN HAVE 9 COMMON ) !M4 

,I REF]1 BRIEFLY1 TO A RESOLUTION ( ! #aihf ,F,A,U CONGRESS1 AS IT APPE>S TO ME ?AT IT HAS A LOT TO DO ) ?IS TOPIC4 ,IT WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 ?AT RESOLUTION1 RATIFI$ BY ! #aihh CONGRESS1 ?AT WE %\LD DO AS MU* AS POSSIBLE TO ACCOMPLI% SPECIFIC TASKS & BASE-LEVEL AGREEM5TS ) ALL LIB]T>IAN COMRADES :O W]E ACTIVE AT :ATEV] LEVEL )9 ! ORGANIZATION4 ,IT WAS ALSO E/ABLI%$ ?AT WE %\LD TRY \R UTMO/ TO AVOID ! POLEMICS - SO IMPOV]I%$ & FUTILE AT O!R TIMES - ?AT W]E ?REAT5+ TO RESURFACE4 ,9 ORD] TO E/ABLI% ANY K9D ( JO9T ACTION WE HAD TO KEEP 9 M9D ?AT !SE O!R AN>*I/ GR\P+S HAD O!R CONCEPTIONS1 O!R PREF]5CES & O!R /RATEGIES4 ,)9 !SE FRAMEWORKS WE1 AS A DI/9CT ORGANIZATION ) ITS [N /RATEGY1 W\LD COORD9ATE :AT WAS POSSIBLE 9 T]MS ( SOCIAL ACTION4 ,WE KNEW !RE W\LD BE GR\PS ?AT W\LD WANT TO DO ?IS & O!RS ?AT W\LD NOT4 ,IT WAS DECID$ ?AT ! DISCUSSIONS TO BE HELD 9 !SE SITUATIONS %\LD ONLY TAKE PLACE >\ND ! CONCRETE PO9TS 9 QUE/ION4 

,9 PRACTICE ?IS HAPP5$ ON SEV]AL OCCASIONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 !RE WAS COORD9ATION ) O!R AN>*I/ GR\PS & COMRADES DUR+ ! W> AGA9/ ,IRAQ1 ON DATES COMMEMORAT+ AN>*I/S LIKE ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI & EV5TS SU* AS ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT !RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ?IS COORD9ATION DEP5DS ON EA* PLACE & ON ! E/ABLI%$ RELATION%IPS4 

,CONC]N+ ! QUE/ION AB\T ! ISSUE ( ! P>TY1 ,I MU/ SAY ?AT !RE HAS BE5 A T5D5CY1 P>TICUL> 9 REC5T TIMES1 TO CONF\ND ! CONCEPTS ( P>TY & POLITICS2 BESIDES ?IS1 ! P>TY HAS BE5 ID5TIFI$ ) A WAY ( DO+ POLITICS ?AT HAS L>GELY BE5 DISCR$IT$ 9 V>I\S SECTORS4 ,IT'S G5]ALLY SAID ?AT ELECTORAL P>TIES ) A DEMOCRATIC-C5TRALI/ /RUCTURE ONLY TAKE ! PEOPLE 9TO CONSID]ATION DUR+ TIMES ( ELECTIONS4 ,! RE/ ( TIME ! DI/ANCE BETWE5 ! P>TIES & ! PEOPLE IS IMM5SE4 ,9 SOME CASES !RE >E POLITICIANS :O SUPPORT ! REPRESSION ( !IR [N VOT]S BECAUSE !Y >E MOBILIZ+ >\ND SOME OR O!R ISSUE4 

,WE1 LIKE MANY O!R LIB]T>IAN GR\PS1 DO NOT CONCEIVE POLITICS 9 ?IS WAY4 ,H[EV]1 WE CANNOT ?R[ ! BABY \T ) ! BA? WAT]4 

,I WILL N[ DEAL ) ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 SOCIAL & POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,I WILL ONLY ADDRESS A FEW ASPECTS AT ?IS TIME1 & LEAVE ! QUE/IONS AB\T POPUL> P[] TO BE DEALT ) FUR!R ON4 

,! FIR/ PO9T ?AT ,I ?9K NE$S TO BE ADDRESS$ IS ! QUE/ION ( CLASS 9DEP5D5CE4 ,BY CLASS ,I AM REF]R+ H]E TO ! 5TIRE SET ( OPPRESS$ CLASSES PRODUC$ 9 ?IS HI/ORICAL P]IOD4 ,?IS RELATION%IP BETWE5 CLASSES & ! HI/ORICAL P]IOD WILL ALSO BE DEVELOP$ A LITTLE FUR!R ON4 ,! QUE/ION ( CLASS 9DEP5D5CE IS CLOSELY L9K$ TO ! POSSIBILITY ( CREAT+ POPUL> P[]2 OR1 AS ! ,F,A,U SAID 9 ! #a#i#fS1 ( 0CREAT+ A /RONG PEOPLE40 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( A CORRESPOND+ DISC\RSE IS ALSO UND\BT$LY ( FUNDAM5TAL IMPORTANCE4 ,AS SOME S*OL>S ON ?IS SUBJECT SAY1 0,9 ANY SOCIETY MULTIPLE P[] RELATIONS TRAV]SE1 *>ACT]IZE & CON/ITUTE ! SOCIAL BODY4 ,!SE RELATIONS ( P[] CANNOT BE DISSOCIAT$1 E/ABLI%$ OR FUNCTION )\T A PRODUCTION1 AN ACCUMULATION1 A CIRCULATION1 A FUNCTION+ ( ! DISC\RSES40 

,A CONCEPTION & PRACTICE ( POPUL> P[] HAS ITS SPECIFIC PRODUCTION1 ITS [N DISC\RSE2 IT HAS ITS [N PRODUCTION4 ,= ?IS CONCEPTION & PRACTICE TO 9T]V5E AS A TRANS=MATIVE =CE1 = !M TO CONDITION ! CONJUNCTURE & PRODUCE DISRUPTIVE ADVANCES1 !RE IS ONE NECESS>Y CONDITION3 !Y MU/ MA9TA9 !IR 9DEP5D5CE AT ALL TIMES4 ,AT O!R TIMES ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T WE SPOKE ( 0CLASS 9DEP5D5CE02 TODAY1 ADJU/+ TO ! NEW CONTEXT1 WE W\LD SAY1 09DEP5D5CE ( ! OPPRESS$ CLASSES0 OR1 ?AT IS1 ( ALL SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,) ?IS CATEGORY WE WANT TO 9CLUDE ! P>TICUL> *>ACT]I/ICS ( EA* SOCIAL =MATION1 ITS HI/ORY1 ITS TRANS=MATIONS2 )\T NEGLECT+ :AT !RE IS 9 COMMON ) O!R C\NTRIES1 FUNDAM5TALLY ?OSE ( \R REGION1 & ! CONDITIONS E/ABLI%$ BY WORLD P[] /RUCTURES4 

,IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT ! NETWORKS ( ! DOM9ANT P[] CRU%1 MANIPULATE & MOLD2 !Y 5COMPASS P>TIES1 IDEOLOGIES1 MOVEM5TS & HI/ORIES1 MOLD+ !M & TURN+ !M 9TO GOOD FOLL[]S ( :AT IS OLD & 9TO REPRODUC]S ( :AT IS !RE4 ,?IS ME*ANISM IS CON/ANTLY REPEAT$4 ,9COMM5SURABLE =CES CONFIRM ?IS LOGIC & SP9 ?IS :EEL ( MADNESS4 ,!SE DEVICES MU/ BE COMBAT$ ) PROPOSALS & ACTIONS ( DI/9CT CONT5T1 ) A CONSI/5CY ?AT 5ABLES /ABILITY4 ,IT IS NOT TOO MU*1 !RE=E1 TO REAFFIRM ?AT ! IMM5SE CIRCULATION ( ! SAME DYNAMICS & LOGIC CANNOT CREATE ANY?+ NEW4 ,IT CAN ONLY RECREATE :AT ALREADY EXI/S ) GREAT] OR LESS] FANTASY4 

,9 ORD] = O!R SOCIAL RELATIONS TO BE E/ABLI%$ ! FACTS SEEM TO 9DICATE ! NECESSITY ( UTILIZ+ O!R MAT]IALS = ?IS NEW CON/RUCTION3 ANO!R FOCUS1 ANO!R P]SPECTIVE1 ANO!R LOGIC1 O!R PRACTICES1 O!R ME*ANISMS & ANO!R PO9T ( DEP>TURE4 ,!RE IS NO?+ ORIG9AL AB\T ?IS4 ,IT'S AB\T ! NEW CIVILIZATION \TL9$ BY ! OLD SOCIALI/S4 ,?IS PROCESS MU/ BE SUPPORT$ & DEVELOP$ ?R\< ! IRON 9DEP5D5CE ( ! OPPRESS$ CLASSES1 ( A PEOPLE :O CREATE !IR DE/9Y AS F> AS HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS 5ABLE4 

,OB/ACLES1 RELATION%IPS1 TACIT & EXPLICIT ALLIANCES !MSELVES MU/ BE MADE FROM ?IS P]SPECTIVE ( 9DEP5D5CE4 ,S9CE WE CANNOT & %\LD NOT ISOLATE \RSELVES1 AS WE MU/ BE P>T ( ! 0CONFUSION0 & ( ! COMPLEX & V>IABLE SOCIAL EV5TS1 ?IS FACTOR ACQUIRES AN IMPORTANCE ( ! HI<E/ ORD] 9 /RATEGIC T]MS4 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT POPULATIONS (T5 MAKE !IR CLAIMS1 !IR PROTE/S & !IR DEM&S \TSIDE ! TRADITIONAL *ANNELS4 ,H[EV]1 IT WAS NOT ONLY WIDESPREAD /RUGGLES ?AT TOPPL$ GOV]NM5TS OR PREV5T$ RI<T-W+ C\PS1 BUT ALSO DIRECT ACTION BATTLES OV] SPECIFIC ISSUES ?AT1 SOMETIMES1 EX]CIS$ POPUL> JU/ICE4 

,9 REC5T TIMES1 IT HAS NOT BE5 ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5TS NOR P>TIES ?AT HAVE S\<T TO EFFECTIVELY BREAK ! ADVANC+ NEOLIB]AL ONSLAU<T4 ,AS REC5T HI/ORY %[S US ! ONLY SOCIAL =CES ?AT ACT$1 9 FACT1 SEEK+ TO BLOCK1 RESI/ & EV5 DEFEAT NEOLIB]AL REGIMES W]E ! =CES ( ! MOVEM5TS ( ! OPPRESS$ CLASSES ?AT TOOK ! /REETS4 0,PROGRESSIVE0 GOV]NM5TS ( DIFF]5T K9DS CAME AFT]W>DS1 BUT ?AT IS ANO!R MATT]4 

,?OSE :O >E GR\ND$ 9 P>ADIGMS ( A PA/ ?AT NO LONG] EXI/S SPEAK ( *ANNEL+ ?IS POPUL> EXPRESSION & ITS /RUGGLES 9TO AU?ORIZ$ AV5UES & SEEK TO DO SO4 ,!Y DO NOT WANT TO BE CONV9C$ ?AT !SE WAYS ONLY DOME/ICATE BODIES & HAVE P]V]SE RESULTS 9 SATISFY+ POPUL> ASPIRATIONS & URG5CIES2 !Y WANT TO LEAD ! 5]GY & HOPE ?AT >E RESURFAC+ 9TO DEAD 5DS4 

,A PROCESS ( ADVANCEM5T ( SOCIALISM IS ! RESULT ( DEF9ITE PRACTICES ?AT ALL[ A REAL =MATION ( CONSCI\SNESS ( ! G5U9E OBJECTIVE1 & 9 ?IS SOLID>ITY - AS WELL AS ! MOBILIZATION & ORGANIZATION ( ! DIFF]5T POPUL> EXPRESSIONS1 ( ?IS :OLE UNIV]SE ( ?OSE FROM BEL[ - HAS A MORE ?AN IMPORTANT ROLE4 ,WE KN[ ?AT SOCIALISM WILL NOT BE DECRE$ NOR REALIZ$ ONLY BY P>TIES CLAIM+ TO BE SOCIALI/S4 

,A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 9 TUNE ) ITS TIME & ) ! POPUL> MOVEM5T HAS A FUNDAM5TAL ROLE TO PLAY4 ,H[EV]1 ! /R5G? LIES 9 ! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 BO? ) REG>DS TO ! PREVI\S AS WELL AS ! LAT] /AGES4 ,! 9DEP5D5CE ( ! POPUL> MOVEM5T1 ( ALL ITS ORGANIZATIONAL =MS - SELF-MANAG$1 SELF-ORGANIZ$1 EFFECTIVELY P>TICIPATORY & F$]ALI/ - IS :AT WILL SOLIDIFY ! PROCESS & PROVIDE REAL POSSIBILITIES = A SOCIALI/ TRANS=MATION4 

,!RE >E O!RS :O V5TURE 9TO SOME:AT BOLD OP9IONS4 ,!Y TELL US ?AT ! G]M ( ! NEW1 ( ! 0PO/-CAPITALI/0 SOCIETY IS 9 !SE MOBILIZATIONS & ?AT IT IS A PROCESS ?AT CANNOT BE /OPP$4 ,NO FATALISM IS GOOD4 ,IT WILL TAKE ! ORGANIZATION & WILL ( SOCIAL =CES TO BR+ AB\T PR(\ND TRANS=MATIONS & TO E/ABLI% ! L9E ( A CONSEQU5T PROCESS4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS A FUNCTION ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION2 9 TUNE ) ?IS PROCESS IT BECOMES 9DISP5SABLE4 

#i 

  

,F,C3 ,IS !RE A SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM8 ,CAN ONE PRODUCE A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ?AT LEADS TO IT8 ,IF !RE IS NO 9EVITABILITY ?AT LEADS US TO SOCIALISM1 AS 9 FACT !RE IS NOT1 H[ W\LD WE !N DEF9E SOCIALISM - 9 \R CASE1 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM8 

,J,C,M3 ,TWO CONCEPTS HAVE BE5 US$ SOME:AT REGUL>LY AS SYNONYMS1 AS IF !Y W]E ! SAME ?+1 & SO-CALL$ 0SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM0 IS RELAT$ TO ?IS4 ,I'LL EXPLA94 ,!ORY 7REALM ( SCI5CE7 IS ONE ?+ & IDEOLOGY IS QUITE ANO!R4 ,P]HAPS IT W\LD BE MORE 9/RUCTIVE TO ADDRESS ! QUE/ION ( IDEOLOGY & !ORY BE=E WE BROA* ?AT ( SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM4 ,!RE >E WRIT+S FROM DIFF]5T MOM5TS ( ! ORGANIZATION ?AT GRAPPL$ ) ?IS PROBLEM & ,I WILL TRY TO SUMM>IZE !M4 

,!ORY - 9 ! SOCIAL CONTEXT1 :I* IS \R OBJECT AT ! MOM5T - PO9TS TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( CONCEPTUAL 9/RUM5TS TO ?9K AB\T & TO KN[ ALL ?AT CAN BE KN[N1 9 A RIGOR\S & PR(\ND WAY1 ( ?IS CONCRETE SOCIAL CONJUNCTURE1 ?AT IS1 ( ! SOCIAL =MATION ?AT CORRESPONDS TO ! 5SEMBLE ( ITS /RUCTURES & PRACTICES4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ONE CAN SPEAK ( !ORY AS ! EQUIVAL5T ( SCI5CE1 & ?IS IS H[ IT %\LD BE UND]/OOD4 

,IDEOLOGY1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAS ELEM5TS ( AN UNSCI5TIFIC NATURE ?AT CONTRIBUTE TO DYNAMIZ+ & MOTIVAT+ ACTION BAS$ ON CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT1 AL?\< RELAT$ TO EXI/+ SOCIAL CONDITIONS1 DO NOT D]IVE FROM !M 9 ! /RICT S5SE2 ACTION IS NOT ME*ANICALLY DET]M9$ BY :AT1 AT SOME PO9T1 HAS BE5 CALL$ AN OBJECTIVE & NOT EV5 BY 9FRA/RUCTURE4 ,PRIM>Y COMPON5TS ( IDEOLOGY >E3 IDEAS1 REPRES5TATIONS1 BEHAVIORS1 REFLECTIONS & S5SIBILITY4 ,! EXPRESSION ( MOTIVATIONS1 PROPOSITIONS ( OBJECTIVES1 ASPIRATIONS1 IDEAL GOALS1 UTOPIAS1 HOPES1 HATR$S & DESIRES ALSO BELONG TO ! IDEOLOGICAL DOMA94 

,RIGOR\S ANALYSIS ( A CONCRETE SITUATION IS ?US A !ORETICAL ANALYSIS1 :I* %\LD BE AS SCI5TIFIC AS POSSIBLE4 ,!ORY NE$S & CIRCUM/ANTIATES ! CONDITIONS ( POLITICAL ACTION4 ,!RE IS C]TA9LY A CLOSE L9K BETWE5 !ORY & IDEOLOGY1 S9CE IDEOLOGICAL PROPOSALS M]GE )1 >E SUPPORT$ BY & 9/RUM5TALIZE ! CONCLUSIONS ( !ORETICAL ANALYSIS4 ,AN IDEOLOGY IS MORE EFFECTIVE AS A MOTOR = POLITICAL ACTION ! MORE FIRMLY IT IS SUPPORT$ BY ! CONTRIBUTIONS ( !ORY4 

,!ORETICAL WORK IS ALWAYS UND]P9N$ BY & BAS$ ON :AT HAPP5S 9 HI/ORICAL REALITY4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS WORK ?AT IS COMPLETELY 9 ! REALM ( ?\<T3 !RE >E NO CONCEPTS ?AT >E MORE REAL ?AN O!RS1 JU/ AS IDEOLOGY IS ONLY AS REAL AS ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 

,IT'S !RE=E WOR? NOT+ SOME ?+S ?AT WILL BE DEALT ) BEL[4 

,FIR/LY1 ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! EXI/+ REALITY - REAL HI/ORICAL PROCESSES - ON ! ONE H&2 & ?\<T PROCESSES - :I* PO9T TO KN[L$GE & ! UND]/&+ ( REALITY1 ON ! O!R4 ,ONE CAN SAY1 9 RELATION TO ?IS1 ?AT ! ?\<T PROCESS IS A DI/9CT REALITY ?AT FULFILLS C]TA9 FUNCTIONS4 ,SCI5TIFIC1 !ORETICAL PRODUCTION HAS ITS SPECIFIC *>ACT] & MU/ BE APPROA*$ ) PRECISION & )\T CONFUSION4 ,IT C\NTS ON AN EF=T = KN[L$GE1 US+ ! TOOLS ?AT EA* ]A PROVIDES1 AIM+ TO TREAT ! OBJECT ) ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE SCI5TIFIC RIGOR4 ,! SCI5TIFIC 0TOOLBOX0 TO BE US$ DOES NOT EXCLUDE CREATIONS & POSSIBLE DISCONT9UITIES1 H[EV] EPISODIC !Y MAY BE 9 ! HI/ORY ( KN[L$GE4 ,ANYWAY1 IT IS FROM A C]TA9 LEVEL ( KN[L$GE ?AT IT BECOMES POSSIBLE TO CREATE NEW KN[L$GE1 :I* WILL AFFECT ! EPI/EME .<#h.> US$4 

,BUT LET'S RETURN TO ! QUE/ION ( POLITICAL !ORY1 :I* IS :AT 9T]E/S US RI<T N[4 ,!ORETICAL WORK 9 ?IS DOMA9 IS ALWAYS C>RI$ \T FROM A GIV5 RAW MAT]IAL4 ,H[EV]1 IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT IT />TS FROM 9=MATION1 DATA & NOTIONS AB\T ! SUBJECT 9 QUE/ION4 ,9 ! PROCESS ( ?IS !ORETICAL WORK ! PRIM>Y MAT]IAL IS TREAT$ BY MEANS ( C]TA9 CONCEPTUAL 9/RUM5TS1 C]TA9 9/RUM5TS ( ?\<T4 ,! PRODUCT ( ?IS TREATM5T1 ( ?IS WORK1 IS KN[L$GE4 

,9 MORE APPROPRIATE T]MS1 ONE CAN SAY ?AT !RE >E ONLY S+UL> OBJECTS3 C]TA9 HI/ORICAL SITUATIONS1 9 C]TA9 SOCIETIES1 AT C]TA9 TIMES4 ,!ORETICAL KN[L$GE AIMS TO UND]/& !SE S+UL>ITIES AS MU* AS POSSIBLE4 ,9 ! PROCESS ( ! PRODUCTION ( KN[L$GE1 !RE=E1 ! RAW MAT]IAL 7SUP]FICIAL P]CEPTION7 IS TRANS=M$ 9TO A PRODUCT 7RIGOR\S1 SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE74 ,MANY PRODUCTIONS BECOME 9/RUM5TS ?AT NO LONG] REF] TO ! S+UL>2 !Y >E G5]AL CONCEPTS1 SU* AS ! CONCEPT ( CLASS4 

,BY ?IS ,I MEAN ?AT ! PROCESS ( KN[+ ! :OLE SOCIAL REALITY IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO 9F9ITE !ORETICAL DEEP5+ S9CE KN[L$GE1 AS SU*1 IS 9F9ITE4 ,?US1 ONE CANNOT WAIT = A 0F9I%$0 KN[L$GE ( SOCIAL REALITY AS A :OLE TO BEG9 ACT+ UPON IT 9 ORD] TO TRANS=M IT4 ,ONE ALSO CANNOT TRY TO TRANS=M IT )\T KN[+ IT PROP]LY4 

,SOCIALISM1 ! IDEA & ASPIRATION ( A DIFF]5T SOCIETY1 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( JU/ & SOLID>I/IC SOCIAL RELATIONS1 ! 0DREAMS0 ( EQUALITY & FRE$OM BELONG TO ! REALM ( IDEOLOGY4 ,IDEOLOGY1 :ATEV] IT MAY BE1 IS 9H]5T TO ! HUMAN CONDITION1 TO ?IS SOCIAL HUMAN BE+2 HUMAN BE+S DO NOT EXI/ )\T IDEOLOGY1 !RE IS NO ,JURASSIC ,P>K = !M4 ,ASPIRATIONS1 0DREAMS10 HATR$S1 DESIRES1 LOVES - ALL ( :I* (T5 COEXI/ ) ! GODS - HAVE ALWAYS EXI/$ )9 ! HUMAN BE+4 ,( C\RSE1 !SE CONCEPTS1 :I* >E FROM DIFF]5T ]AS1 DO NOT EV5 CLOSELY EXPRESS ALL ?OSE FEEL+S4 

,!RE IS NO UNIV]SAL SUBJECT 9 ITSELF1 AN 9V5TION ( \R TIMES2 ! SUBJECTS >E V]Y DIFF]5T AT DIFF]5T TIMES4 ,! SUBJECT AS HI/ORICAL PRODUCT IS A *ILD ( ITS TIME4 ,= US1 TODAY1 :AT IS ( 9T]E/ IS SUBJECT & IDEOLOGY 9 ?IS /RUCTURE ( DOM9ATION CALL$ CAPITALISM4 

,IT IS 9 ?IS CONTEXT ( ! DIFF]5TIATION ( !ORY & IDEOLOGY ?AT ONE CAN SPEAK - &1 9DE$1 WE SPEAK - ( IDEOLOGICAL C]TA9TY & 0PHILOSOPHICAL IGNORANCE10 AS ,MALATE/A SAID4 0,IGNORANCE0 9 ! S5SE ?AT KN[L$GE IS 9F9ITE1 :I* IS SOME?+ ?AT DOES NOT EXEMPT US FROM TRY+ TO UND]/& \R TIMES AS MU* AS POSSIBLE1 SO ?AT \R POLITICAL & SOCIAL ACTIVITY IS NOT C>RI$ \T 9 A DISORI5T$ WAY4 

,!RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM4 ,NO SOCIAL LAW WILL NECESS>ILY LEAD US TO ?IS SUBLIME ASPIRATION4 ,NOR WILL IT BE POSSIBLE TO KN[ ! G5]AL LAWS ( SOCIAL FUNCTION+ AT SU* A LEVEL ?AT IT W\LD BE POSSIBLE TO PR$ICT ) COMPLETE C]TA9TY ! EV5TS1 ! FUTURE1 ! SPECIFIC *>ACT] ( A P>TICUL> FUTURE4 

,HI/ORY HAS GIV5 US SOME LESSONS1 & ONE ( !M IS ?AT P>TICIPATION 9 EV5TS IS FUNDAM5TAL1 ?AT IT IS /RUGGLE ?AT CREATES NEW POSSIBILITIES4 ,IT IS ?IS K9D ( TEA*+ ?AT1 ALONG ) ALL ! !ORETICAL DEVELOPM5T ?AT AN ORGANIZATION CAN P]=M1 WILL ALL[ US TO TAKE /EPS T[>DS A SOCIALISM ?AT1 BY ITSELF1 WILL NEV] >RIVE4 

#a 

  

,F,C3 ,DO Y\ BELIEVE ?AT IDEOLOGY1 TOGE!R ) !ORY1 IS A FUNDAM5TAL ELEM5T = POLITICAL ACTION8 ,REG>D+ SOCIAL =MATIONS1 CAN ONE SPEAK ( ! EXI/5CE ( ONLY ONE IDEOLOGY8 

,J,C,M3 ,IDEOLOGY IS A FUNDAM5TAL ELEM5T = POLITICAL ACTION2 IT IS ALWAYS PRES5T 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R & EXI/S SIMULTANE\SLY ) ACTION4 ,IT IS A PRIM>Y SPH]E ( SOCIAL REALITY & CANNOT BE CONCEIV$ AS A M]E REFLECTION ( O!RS4 ,9 SOME CASES IT IS IDEOLOGY ?AT 0DET]M9ES0 ! EV5TS 9 :I* A WIDE RANGE ( ELEM5TS SU* AS ECONOMIC & LEGAL-MILIT>Y ONES UND\BT$LY 9T]V5E4 

,M>X DEF9$ IDEOLOGY AS A MIRROR 9 HIS ECONOMI/IC S*EME ( 9FRA/RUCTURE & SUP]/RUCTURE4 ,F> FROM IT2 IDEOLOGY IS A SPH]E ( RELATIVE AUTONOMY1 IT OP]ATES 9 CON/ANT 9T]ACTION & HAS 5ORM\S GRAVITATION4 ,EV5 S*OL>S ( ! SUBJECT GIVE IT ITS [N TIME ( DEVELOPM5T & TRANS=MATION1 ?US BREAK+ ) ! HOMOG5E\S CONCEPT ( TIME1 :I* IS IMPLICIT 9 MO/ SOCIAL /UDIES4 

,ONE CAN TRANS=M ! ECONOMY &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 TRANS=M ! IDEOLOGY V]Y LITTLE & EV5 CONT9UE REPRODUC+ A LOT ( ! PREVI\S CONCEPTIONS4 ,! ,U,S,S,R & ,CUBA PROVE ?IS CONDITION ( IDEOLOGY EMPIRICALLY4 ,SOME HAVE >GU$ QUITE WELL ?AT IDEOLOGY1 OR MU* ( IT1 T5DS TO CONT9UE EV5 IF ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ?AT ORIG9AT$ IT HAVE DISAPPE>$4 

,IT IS ALSO QUITE RELEVANT TO OBS]VE ! FUNCTION+ ( IDEOLOGY 9 CONCRETE SOCIAL =MATIONS1 = IT IS NOT /RANGE ?AT ! G5]AL CONCEPT IS L9K$ SOLELY TO ! PROLET>IAT2 ?AT IS1 ! CLASS :I*1 9 AB/RACT-=MAL T]MS1 IS ANTAGONI/IC TO ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,:AT IS NOTICEABLE 9 A SOCIAL =MATION1 H[EV] MU* IT IS M>K$ BY ! DOM9ATION ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 IS ?AT MANY ?+S >E NOT 9 A PURE /ATE1 BUT RA!R 0MIX$40 ,9 ANY CASE1 IT IS ESS5TIAL TO TAKE AS REF]5CE ! IDEOLOGY DEVELOP$ AMONG ! WORK]S 9 HI/ORY & ! VALUES ?AT HAVE BE5 LEFT AS ITS LEGACY1 9 T]MS ( ! ASPIRATIONS ( A NEW SOCIETY F\ND$ ON O!R BASES4 

,! IDEOLOGY & VALUES ( ! WORK]S 

  

,! TRANS=MATIONS ?AT OCCURR$ 9 ! SOCIAL SPH]E1 9 ! SPH]E ( LABOR1 PRODUC$ A SET ( NEW & DISP]S$ SOCIAL PRACTICES4 ,MANY 0WAT]TI<T OR SEMI-WAT]TI<T COMP>TM5TS0 W]E CREAT$1 ) LITTLE OR NO RELATION TO EA* O!R4 ,H[EV]1 :AT ,I WANT TO PO9T \T H]E IS ! IDEOLOGICAL PROBLEM G5]AT$ BY ?IS4 

,AT ANO!R HI/ORICAL MOM5T1 ON A PA? ( ANO!R UNFOLD+ & ANO!R >TICULATION ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 A COLLECTION ( IDEAS1 REPRES5TATIONS1 NOTIONS & FEEL+S W]E PRODUC$ 9 ! IMAG9ATION ( ! WORK]S' UNIV]SE ) SOME =CE4 ,! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & ! B\RGEOISIE W]E OBVI\S 5EMIES1 S9CE !IR 9T]E/S W]E DIRECTLY OPPOS$ TO ! OBJECTIVES ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! WORK]S1 CONC5TRAT$ 9 L>GE FACTORIES1 CREAT$ ORGANIZATIONAL =MS TO W9 IMPROVEM5TS &1 = ?IS REASON1 SUFF]$ MULTIPLE & BRUTAL REPRESSIONS4 

,A GOOD P>T ( ! IMAG9ATION ( !SE WORK]S BEGAN TO BE FILL$ ) DET]M9$ C]TA9TIES3 !RE WAS NO PLACE = !M 9 ?AT SY/EM2 TO SEEK JU/ICE 9 ?AT SY/EM WAS A *IM]A4 ,! /RUGGLES FAC$1 ! CRUEL LIV+ CONDITIONS & GR\P SOLID>ITY >\S$ DREAMS ?AT RELAT$ TO SOCIAL EMANCIPATION4 ,IDEOLOGICAL ELEM5TS ANTAGONI/IC TO ! SY/EM ANIMAT$ IMM$IATE /RUGGLES & FUTURE DREAMS4 ,! BIG FACTORIES & UNIONS ALL[$ ! WORK]S TO MEET & /R5G!N A S5SE ( /R5G? & BELONG+ TO SOME?+ DIFF]5T TO ! CURR5T SY/EM2 ?IS LAT5T FEEL+1 MIX$ ) O!R +R$I5TS1 C\LD BE ORGANIZ$ COH]5TLY4 

,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT ONE CAN ONLY ORGANIZE SOME?+ ?AT ACTUALLY EXI/S1 UND] SU* SOCIAL CIRCUM/ANCES ONE C\LD ORGANIZE - &1 9DE$1 DID ORGANIZE 9 PRIM>Y T]MS & ALSO ) A C]TA9 DEVELOPM5T - AN ANTAGONI/IC IDEOLOGY2 AN 5EMY ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & ?AT ASPIR$ TO A V]Y DIFF]5T SOCIAL ORD]4 

,IT SEEMS OBVI\S ?AT IT WAS NOT ! AB/RACT & 9TELLECTUAL DISC\RSES ?AT GAVE RISE TO ?IS IDEOLOGY1 BUT ! CONDITIONS ( EV]YDAY LIFE & ! PRACTICES1 /RUGGLES1 & %\LD]-TO-%\LD] SOLID>ITY ( ! WORK]S4 ,!ORY HAD A ROLE 9 ?IS PROCESS3 TO ORGANIZE ?IS WORLD ( V]Y 0PLURAL0 IDEAS & FEEL+S1 ) SEV]AL P[]FUL ANTAGONI/IC FRAGM5TS4 

,9 ?IS HI/ORICAL P]IOD VALUES SU* AS SOLID>ITY1 MUTUAL AID1 ! CONCEPTION ( A DIFF]5T WORLD FROM ! EXI/+ ONE1 & ! VISION ( ! OPPRESSOR & EXPLOIT] AS IRRECONCILABLE 5EMIES W]E PRODUC$4 ,! BODIES ?AT W]E DISCIPL9$ = REGUL> & ME?ODICAL WORK RECREAT$ ?IS CONDITION1 PROMOT+ ! PRIDE ( BE+ A WORK]1 ( PRODUC+ SOCIAL GOODS1 ( CONSID]+ !IR TASK AS 9DISP5SABLE = ! WELL-BE+ ( SOCIETY1 ( ?9K+ ( ALL RECON/RUCTION ON ! BASIS ( ! NECESS>Y PRODUCTION ( GOODS & S]VICES4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS P]SPECTIVE WAS NOT /RICTLY PROMOT$ & REFLECT$ BY ! FREE TIME NE$$ TO 5JOY 0LIFE02 ?IS IS H[ WE /RUGGL$ TO R$UCE ! WORK+ DAY4 ,! IDEA ( NOT WORK+ MORE ?AN NECESS>Y WAS ALSO P>T ( ?IS IDEOLOGICAL HORIZON4 

,DID !SE IDEAS & VALUES DIE ) ! /AGE ( CAPITALISM ?AT LA/$ UNTIL AB\T ?REE DECADES AGO8 ,W]E !SE IDEOLOGICAL ELEM5TS BANI%$ OR BURI$ BY FRAGM5TATION8 ,I CAN SAY1 9ITIALLY1 NO4 ,MANY S]I\S /UDIES %[ ?AT IDEOLOGY DOES NOT HAVE ! SAME PACE ( *ANGE AS O!R SOCIAL /RUCTURES4 ,IT HAS1 AS ,I M5TION$ BE=E1 ! P>TICUL>ITY ( P]SI/+ EV5 IF ! CONDITIONS ?AT BR\<T AB\T ITS EXI/5CE DISAPPE>4 ,?AT BE+ TRUE1 A SIGNIFICANT P>T ( ?IS HI/ORICAL PRODUCTION W\LD /ILL BE ALIVE1 P]HAPS MORE EMBODI$ ?AN EV]4 ,IDEOLOGY W\LD ?US BE 9 ! POPUL> IMAG9ATION1 :I* IS AS MAT]IAL AS ANY O!R MATT]4 

,:]E IS IT EXACTLY8 ,:AT /ATE IS IT 98 ,!SE QUE/IONS1 & ( C\RSE O!RS C\LD BE ASK$1 >E ! ONES ?AT MATT] TODAY4 ,I WILL ADD ANO!R3 ,CAN IT BE RECON/RUCT$ ) 9TELLECTUAL OR PURELY !ORETICAL DISC\RSES8 ,NO?+ SEEMS TO 9DICATE SO4 ,:]E IS ?IS IDEOLOGY ?AT IS SO 9DISP5SABLE = RUPTURE TODAY8 ,:]E ELSE CAN SOME?+ SIMIL> TO IT OR CAPABLE ( BE+ >TICULAT$ TO IT1 BE PRODUC$8 

,H]E WE W\LD HAVE TO RECONCILE ,MALATE/A & ,BA*EL>D4 ,! FIR/ SAID ?AT WE >E ALWAYS 9 A /ATE ( PHILOSOPHICAL IGNORANCE1 :I* ALL[S US TO PRACTICE CRITICAL ?9K+ & TO KN[ ?AT C]TA9TIES >E NOT ABSOLUTE4 ,! SECOND W\LD TELL US ?AT IT IS ALREADY A /EP =W>D JU/ TO CORRECTLY POSE A PROBLEM1 EV5 IF WE CANNOT ADVANCE MU* 9 ITS TREATM5T4 ,?AT IS ! QUE/ION2 WE JU/ WANT TO POSE A PROBLEM 9 ORD] TO ?9K AB\T IT4 ,WE DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT WE CAN GO MU* FUR!R ?AN ?AT TODAY1 BUT ! PROBLEM IS POS$ ANYWAY4 

,BUT :Y DO WE WANT TO TALK AB\T ?+S WE IGNORE SO MU*8 ,! REPLY IS ! FOLL[+3 ,WE >E CONV9C$ ?AT )\T AN ANTAGONI/IC IDEOLOGY & CORRESPOND+ VALUES !RE IS NO *ANCE ( BEAT+ ?IS FIL?Y SY/EM2 TODAY1 )\T SU* ELEM5TS1 WE CANNOT EV5 A*IEVE IMPORTANT GA9S = ?OSE FROM BEL[4 ,ON \R CONT95T !RE >E DIV]SE IDEOLOGICAL EXPRESSIONS ?AT MU/ BE /UDI$2 )\T CONSID]+ !IR SPECIFIC CODES COMMUNICATION FROM A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION MAY BE BE+ S[N 9 ! DES]T4 

,!RE >E 9DIG5\S PEOPLES :O CANNOT BE R$UC$1 9 EXPLANATORY T]MS1 TO ! 0PEASANT0 CATEGORY ( ECONOMIC ROOTS4 ,!RE >E OPPRESSIONS 9 COMMUNITIES ( DIFF]5T E?NICITIES1 ( ,AFRICAN DESC5DANTS1 WOM51 ! 0M>G9ALIZ$0 :O LACK ! MO/ BASIC ?+S4 ,9 !SE & O!R UNIV]SES Y\ CANNOT CREATE A CLASSICAL PROLET>IAN IDEOLOGY1 S9CE ?AT W\LD MEAN DISCONNECT+ ! SUBJECT FROM !IR DAILY EXP]I5CE & ALSO FROM ! WAY !Y LIVE4 ,LET'S ADD SOME MORE CONSID]ATIONS ON ?IS4 

,SOCIAL BEHAVIORS D]IV$ FROM FRAGM5TATION 

  

,! REGUL> & CONCRETE SOCIAL CONDITIONS ?AT MU/ BE FAC$ BY A GR\P AT ANY GIV5 MOM5T PRODUCE SPECIFIC BEHAVIORS4 ,!Y DEVELOP IDEOLOGICAL ELEM5TS ?AT >E ( CONSID]ABLE RELEVANCE TO PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 SOCIALIZ$ 9 C]TA9 0BEHAVIORS0 S9CE *ILDHOOD4 ,BASICALLY1 ! DIFF]5CE ) ?IS SITUATION IS 9EQUALITY4 ,A BRUTALLY UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( MAT]IAL & SYMBOLIC GOODS4 

,!RE >E ?OSE :O CLAIM ?AT1 9 ?IS WAY1 0! /RUCTURE ( ! SOCIAL UNIV]SE 9 :I* ! 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P'S EXI/5CE OCCURS IS REPRODUC$ 9 !M40 ,SOCIAL BEHAVIORS >E SIMIL> = ALL ?OSE 9 A P>TICUL> COMP>TM5T4 ,?US1 A FRAGM5T$ OPPRESS$ CLASS DOES NOT PRODUCE ! SAME ?+1 9 IDEOLOGICAL T]MS1 9 EA* ONE ( ITS COMP>TM5TS4 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 9 ?IS FLUID & ATOMIZ$ SOCIAL SITUATION1 !RE >E CLASS FRACTIONS ?AT HAVE A DI/ANT RELATION ) LITTLE OR NO CONNECTION TO CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,BO? ! COMP>TM5T /RANG] TO ANY DIRECT EXP]I5CE1 DUE TO ! ABS5CE ( CONCRETE CONDITIONS ?AT W\LD P]MIT IT1 &1 ALMO/ AT ! O!R EXTREME1 ?OSE :O B5EFIT FROM SYMBOLIC MAT]IAL EV] MORE 0FULL0 ( REPRODUCTIVE CONT5T1 )\T OPPORTUNITIES ( 9CORPORATION 9TO ! UNIV]SE ( ! WORK]S4 

,IT SEEMS ESS5TIAL TO SEE H[ TO BREAK ) ?IS OR EV5 H[ TO P5ETRATE ! DIFF]5T COMP>TM5TS ?AT >E NOT REPRODUC+ ! DOM9ANT IDEOLOGY4 ,PRACTICALLY1 IT IS AB\T ASK+3 ,H[ CAN WE >TICULATE ! SPECIFIC PRACTICES ( EA* CLASS FRACTION ) ! HI/ORICAL LEGACY & RATIONAL DISC\RSES 9 ORD] TO A*IEVE AN IDEOLOGY ( CONFRONTATION & RUPTURE8 

,:5 WE TALK AB\T ! CON/RUCTION ( AN IDEOLOGY ( RESI/ANCE1 WE >E NOT REF]R+ TO AN 9TELLECTUAL ELABORATION BUT TO A SOCIAL DYNAMIC 9 RELATION TO :I* WE CONTRIBUTE ) \R 9T5TIONALITY1 & TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ITS ME*ANISMS & ITS REAL SPH]E ( POSSIBLE 9T]P5ETRATION4 

,! ATTEMPT TO UND]/& ?IS COMPLEX PH5OM5ON BELONGS TO ! SPH]E ( !ORY1 ! PRODUCTION ( :I* IS A TASK ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ?AT DOES NOT TAKE PLACE 9 R\T9E1 9 ! REPETITION ( S*EMATA OR 9 PURE AB/RACTIONS4 ,AB/RACTIONS >E ( GREAT VALUE 9 !IR SPECIFIC DOMA9 &1 IF PROP]LY CONSID]$1 CAN GUIDE ! UND]/&+ ( CONCRETE HI/ORICAL PH5OM5A1 LOCAT$ 9 UNIQUE TIMES & PLACES4 

,IF WELL DEVELOP$ ?IS !ME TAKES ON A P>TICUL> IMPORTANCE 9 ! /RATEGIC CONCEPTION ( ! FRONT ( OPPRESS$ CLASSES & POPUL> P[]4 

#aa 

  

,F,C3 ,:AT POSITIONS %\LD AN>*I/S DEF5D 9 POPUL> MOVEM5TS8 ,H[ CAN ! SPECIFIC ORGANIZATION FUNCTION AS A CATALY/ )9 !M1 9FLU5C+ !M TO HAVE C]TA9 *>ACT]I/ICS & CONNECT+ DIV]SE MOVEM5TS 9 ORD] TO 9CREASE !IR SOCIAL =CE8 

,J,C,M3 ,I WILL USE ,F,A,U MAT]IALS TO ANSW] ?IS QUE/ION1 TAILOR+ & SYN!SIZ+ !M4 

,POLITICALLY ORGANIZ$ AN>*ISM IS DECISIVE 

  

,! PROBLEM ( P[]1 :I* IS DECISIVE 9 PR(\ND SOCIAL TRANS=MATION1 CAN ONLY BE RESOLV$ AT ! POLITICAL LEVEL1 ?R\< POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,& IT REQUIRES A SPECIFIC =M ( ORGANIZATION3 ! REVOLUTION>Y POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 = US ( A LIB]T>IAN MATRIX4 

,ONLY ?R\< ITS ACTION - ROOT$ 9 ! MASSES1 9 ! DIFF]5T POPUL> PROCESSES - IS IT POSSIBLE TO ATTA9 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATE APP>ATUS1 ( ! SET ( MICRO-P[]S ?AT SU/A9 & RECREATE IT4 

,IT IS IMP]ATIVE ?AT ?IS /RUCTURE BE REPLAC$ BY ME*ANISMS ( POPUL> P[] ?AT HAVE A POLITICAL P]SPECTIVE & >E SUPPORT$ BY A /RONG PEOPLE4 

,IT SEEMS NECESS>Y TO ADD1 EV5 BRIEFLY1 A FEW MORE ?+S AB\T P[]4 ,/UDIES ?AT SEEM SUFFICI5TLY RIGOR\S 9DICATE SOME FUNDAM5TAL QUE/IONS3 P[] CIRCULATES ?R\<\T ! :OLE SOCIAL BODY1 ?R\< ! DIFF]5T /RUCTUR$ SPH]ES2 ?AT IS1 ?R\< ALL SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,?US1 !RE IS P[] 9 ! ECONOMIC SPH]E1 9 ! POLITICAL-LEGAL-MILIT>Y SPH]E & 9 ! IDEOLOGICAL-CULTURAL SPH]E2 P[] EXI/S AT ALL LEVELS ( SOCIETY4 ,ON SMALL] SCALES P[] ALSO ACQUIRES IMPORTANCE 9 LI<T ( ! =MATION ( EMBRYOS ( A NEW CIVILIZATION1 9 ! EXPRESSION ( DIFF]5T =MS ( SELF-ORGANIZATION OR SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,ON A L>GE SCALE P[] PRES5TS ITSELF1 CONC5TRAT$ & ) GREAT] IRRADIATION1 9 L>G] PLACES4 

,IT IS V]Y RELEVANT TO CONSID] ?AT !RE IS A SMALL1 EV]YDAY SOCIAL UNIV]SE ?AT CON/ITUTES A FACTORY = ! PRODUCTION ( NEW NOTIONS1 RESI/ANCES & TE*NIQUES ( POPUL> P[]4 ,9 ?IS UNIV]SE ! AN>*I/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION HAS A BIG JOB TO DO4 

,9 FACT1 =MS ( P[]1 & ! /ATE AS A SPECIAL 9/ANCE1 >E LOCAT$ AT A PRECISE LEVEL ( ! CURR5T SOCIAL /RUCTURE4 ,AL?\< !Y OBVI\SLY HAVE RELATIONS ( 9T]DEP5D5CE ) O!R LEVELS ( ! SOCIAL REALITY - ECONOMIC1 IDEOLOGICAL1 LEGAL1 ETC4 - !Y CANNOT SIMPLY BE R$UC$ TO !M4 ,9 CONCRETE T]MS ?IS MEANS ?AT POLITICAL ACTIVITY CANNOT BE R$UC$ TO ECONOMIC /RUGGLE1 NOR TO UNION & POPUL> PRACTICE 9 G5]AL1 EV5 ?\< ?IS PRACTICE MAY HAVE 0POLITICAL0 ELEM5TS1 AS 9DE$ IT DOES4 

,ECONOMIC & POPUL> /RUGGLE = IMM$IATE DEM&S DOES NOT SPONTANE\SLY PRODUCE A /RUGGLE AGA9/ POLITICAL P[] AS SU*4 ,NOR DOES IT PRODUCE ! ORGANIZATIONAL & TE*NICAL MEANS = ! /RUGGLE = P[]1 NOR ! CAPACITY TO 5D ! SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT REPRODUCE IT4 ,!RE=E1 IF NOT PROP]LY *ANNEL$ & 9/RUM5TALIS$ SPONTANEISM - ! SPONTANE\S MOBILIZATION ( ! MASSES1 A REFLECTION ( AN ACCUMULATION ( UNRESOLV$ PROBLEMS ?AT SOON 0EXPLODES0-- SC>CELY TRANSC5DS TO ! POLITICAL PLANE 9 ! S5SE ( *ANG+ P[] RELATIONS1 ( OP5+ SPACES = A NEW PROCESS ( PR(\ND TRANS=MATION4 

,?IS IS BECAUSE ! OV]?R[ ( P[] - :I* ! B\RGEOISIE CANNOT P]MIT1 BECAUSE !IR LIVES DEP5D ON IT - PRESUPPOSES ! CREATION ( ANO!R SOCIAL ORD]1 ) ANO!R 0MODEL0 ( ORGANIZATION - ) ANO!R ECONOMY1 ANO!R IDEOLOGY - &1 BESIDES ?IS1 AN 9EVITABLE /RUGGLE1 A CON/ANT PROCESS ( POPUL> /RUGGLE1 & TE*NICAL MEANS ?AT ! MASS MOVEM5T ALONE CANNOT SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOP SPONTANE\SLY4 ,?IS IS ALSO NOT ITS SPECIFIC TASK4 ,TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT AN AMPLE HI/ORICAL P]IOD AS WELL AS \R TIME1 ! TEA*+ WE HAVE IS ?AT GREAT SPONTANE\S 0MASS0 MOVEM5TS >E V]Y RI* 9 ! EXP]I5CES !Y DEVELOP1 BUT DO NOT NECESS>ILY HAVE A /RATEGY ?AT PO9TS TO ! TRANS=MATION ( ! SY/EM4 ,EV5 9 ! CASE ( MASS MOVEM5TS ?AT >E CREAT+ A C]TA9 LEVEL ( POPUL> P[]1 DEVELOP+ SOME NEW SOCIAL PRACTICES & NEW IDEOLOGICAL NOTIONS4 

,AT ! PRES5T LEVEL ( SY/EMIC DEVELOPM5T ! ONLY ?+ ?AT GU>ANTEES VICTORY IS ! DE/RUCTION ( ! B\RGEOIS P[] APP>ATUS1 ITS 5TIRE /RUCTURE ( DOM9ATION1 9 :I* ! /ATE HAS A PRIM>Y ROLE - SOME TALK ( COND5SATION1 SOME ( COAGULATION4 ,?IS IMPLIES MORE OR LESS PROLONG$ POLITICAL-REVOLUTION>Y ACTION1 ) A R5EW$ /RATEGY & TACTICS ADJU/$ TO ! CONJUNCTURAL V>IATIONS4 ,TO D5Y ?IS MEANS TO R5\NCE ALL REVOLUTION>Y TRANS=MATION1 S9CE ?IS IS ! ONLY REAL & PR(\ND TRANS=MATION ?AT CAN *ANGE ! SY/EM ( DOM9ATION AS IT IS /RUCTUR$4 

,IT IS CORRECTLY SAID ?AT TO DEMON/RATE TO ! PEOPLE A P]SPECTIVE ( VICTORY1 A PA? ( HOPE1 ( CONFID5CE 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( A PR(\ND & REVOLUTION>Y TRANS=MATION IS SOME?+ IDEOLOGICALLY FUNDAM5TAL4 ,?IS 0DEMON/RATION0 IS A FUNCTION ( A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION2 9 \R CASE1 ( ORGANIZ$ AN>*ISM4 ,9 ALL ITS ACTIONS ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION PROMOTES AN IDEOLOGICAL LEVEL1 ( CONSCI\SNESS1 DIFF]5T FROM ?AT G5]AT$ BY ! SPONTANE\S PRACTICE ( ! MASSES - SATURAT$ ) NOTIONS1 VALUES & REPRES5TATIONS ?AT ! SY/EM PROMOTES ) ITS MASS M$IA & ! DISCIPL9E PROMOT$ ?R\< V>I$ ME*ANISMS4 ,IT IS A MATT] ( BUILD+ A LEVEL ?AT WILL 5ABLE ! OV]COM+ ( ?IS K9D ( SPONTANEISM4 

,?IS REQUIRES ! DEVELOPM5T ( SPECIFICALLY POLITICAL ACTIVITY1 :I* IS ! ONLY WAY TO *ANNEL ! REBELLION & ! CON/RUCTIONS ?AT >E G5]AT$ AT ! POPUL> LEVEL 9 DIFF]5T PROCESSES T[>DS VICTORY4 ,= ?IS1 A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS 9DISP5SABLE4 ,AT ! CURR5T JUNCTURE1 H]E & N[1 IT HAS C]TA9 *>ACT]I/ICS :I* D]IVE FROM ! /RATEGIC PECULI>ITIES ?AT ! SITUATION IMPOSES4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ?IS POLITICAL ORGANIZATION MU/ BE ! BE>]1 9T]NALLY & EXT]NALLY1 ( ! VALUES IT CONSID]S TO BE PRIMORDIAL TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( NEW SOCIAL RELATIONS4 

,:5 A NEW WAY ( DO+ POLITICS IS ONLY RHETORIC 

  

,TO MA9TA9 A NEW WAY ( DO+ POLITICS OR CREAT+ POPUL> P[] DOES NOT MEAN ADOPT+ ELABORATE RHETORICAL PHRASEOLOGY1 OR EMBELLI%+ OLD & REPEAT$ DISC\RSES ?AT LEAD1 ONCE & AGA91 TO ! SAME PLACE4 ,!RE IS AN 9T]E/+ SAY+3 0,SL[LY1 BECAUSE ,I'M 9 A HURRY40 ,BECAUSE HA/E HAS REPEAT$LY L$ TO DEAD 5DS OR TO DEEP] 5TANGLEM5T ( ?OSE FROM BEL[1 & ?OSE :O WANT TO REPRES5T !M1 9 ?IS CRUEL & VIOL5T SY/EM4 

,\R PROJECT ( REVOLUTION>Y 9T5T UND]/&S TODAY1 LIKE YE/]DAY1 ! COH]5T *OICE ( PA?S TO FOLL[4 ,!RE >E NO DOGMAS 9 RELATION TO ! !ORETICAL TOOLS ?AT %\LD BE US$4 ,EV]Y RIGOR\S PRODUCTION ?AT 5ABLES A MORE ACCURATE READ+ ( REALITY MU/ BE TAK5 9TO ACC\NT1 ) ?AT OP5NESS ?AT ALL[S US TO LIVE \R TIME1 KN[+ ALL ! *ANGES IT HAS BR\<T & /ILL BR+S AB\T4 

,9 ! 5D1 WE %\LD HAVE A READ+ ?AT ALL[S US TO SEE ! REAL PROBLEMS ( \R TIME CLE>LY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 WE MU/ HAVE ! FIRMNESS & ! 9TRANSIG5CE TO CONFRONT EV]Y?+ ?AT ! PRES5T SY/EM PRODUCES & SU/A9S1 ) A HE>T & P]SEV]ANCE ROOT$ 9 A FUTURE ?AT MU/ BE BUILT EV]Y DAY1 9 ! DIFF]5T >EAS ( MILITANCY4 

,?IS PROCESS MU/ BE C>RI$ \T )\T ELITISMS & VANGU>DS1 :I* CON/ITUTE TWO WAYS ( HI]>*IZ+ PRACTICES &1 EV5 UNCONSCI\SLY1 9CORPORAT+ VALUES ?AT DO NOT BELONG TO ! CAMP ( ! OPPRESS$4 ,IT MU/ CONTA9 NEW VALUES SO ?AT IT IS NOT CONFUS+ OR NEGATIVE4 ,O!RWISE ONE W\LD NOT BE DECON/RUCT+ !SE HI]>*ICAL VALUES1 :I* >E SO CONNECT$ ) DOM9ATION & OB$I5CE1 BUT RE9=C+ CON/RUCTS ALI5 TO ! HI/ORICAL SUBJECT4 

,POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 AS WE CONCEIVE IT1 IS NOT SYNONYM\S ) VANGU>DISM OR ! 05LI<T5$0 ELITE1 )\T :I* ! POOR 0IGNORANT PEOPLE0 CANNOT EXIT ! CAPITALI/ LABYR9?4 ,POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS A FUNDAM5TAL P>T 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ?IS EXIT2 BUT />T+ FROM O!R VALUES1 O!R IDEOLOGICAL & E?ICAL PRACTICES & ANO!R SOCIAL S5SIBILITY4 ,EFFICI5T ORGANIZATION IS NOT SYNONYM\S ) HI]>*Y4 ,! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION MU/ ALWAYS BE )9 POPUL> PROCESSES & BE P>T ( !M TOGE!R ) ! PEOPLE1 LIV+ ) !IR LEVEL ( CONSCI\SNESS & ASPIR+ TO CONTRIBUTE TO !IR DEVELOPM5T & POSITIVE *ANGE4 ,?IS MU/ COME FROM A S5SE ( BELONG+ TO ! PEOPLE1 FROM A PLANE ( EQUALITY1 & NOT FROM ! 0HEI<TS0 ( KN[L$GE4 

,! SELF-PROCLAIM$ VANGU>DS - ) A CLASSIC CONCEPTION ?AT !Y >E ! BE>]S ( ! FUTURE & :O C>RY IT 9TO ! HE>T ( ! PEOPLE AS ?\< IT W]E SOME?+ NEW - DES]VE TO BE EXT9CT TODAY BECAUSE ( !IR HI/ORICAL JUDGM5T4 ,IDEOLOGY DOES NOT COME FROM \TSIDE1 BUT IS PRODUC$ )9 ! V]Y PRACTICES1 IDEAS & BEHAVIORS ?AT PEOPLE DEVELOP 9 !IR CONFRONTATIONS4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( A NEW SOCIAL-POLITICAL TE*NOLOGY & 0DISC\RSES ( KN[L$GE0 ?AT CORRESPOND ) FRE$OM CANNOT OCCUR )\T CONFRONT+ ?OSE :O PRODUCE DOM9ATION4 ,!SE DISC\RSES %\LD PROMOTE CONFRONTATION & FE$ ON ALL 9/ANCES ( RESI/ANCE 9 :I* ! PEOPLE PROPEL /RUGGLES4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS ALSO 9 A PROCESS ( CON/ANT RE$UCATION4 

,F9ALLY1 WE WILL USE A SYN!SIS4 ,= US1 POLITICAL PRACTICE IS ANY ACTIVITY ?AT HAS AS ITS OBJECT ! RELATION%IP ( ! EXPLOIT$ & OPPRESS$ ) ! ORGANISMS ( POLITICAL P[]1 ! /ATE1 GOV]NM5T & !IR DIFF]5T EXPRESSIONS4 ,POLITICAL PRACTICE IS ! CONFRONTATION ( GOV]NM5T1 EXPRESSION ( IMPOS$ P[]2 ! DEF5SE & EXT5SION ( PUBLIC & 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OMS2 ! CAPACITY ( PROPOSALS ?AT CORRESPOND TO ! G5]AL 9T]E/ ( ! POPULATION OR ITS P>TIAL ASPECTS4 ,POLITICAL PRACTICE IS ALSO 9SURRECTION AS AN 9/ANCE ( VIOL5T QUE/ION+ ( A SITUATION WE WANT TO *ANGE4 ,POLITICAL PRACTICES >E ! PROPOSALS ?AT1 APPEAL+ TO POPUL> DEM&S1 CONFRONT ! DOM9ANT ORGANS ( P[]1 PROVIDE SOLUTIONS TO G5]AL & CONCRETE ISSUES1 & =CE ORGANS ( P[] TO ADOPT !M & MAKE !M VALID = SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 

,AN EXAMPLE ( ?IS IS MOBILIZATIONS ?AT EXT5D POPUL> RI<TS4 ,CLE>LY !SE CONQUE/S1 WON BY MEANS ( A SOCIAL =CE1 CAN ONLY BE MA9TA9$ & EXP&$ :5 !RE IS A CORRESPOND+ SOCIAL =CE4 

,!Y SAY ?AT 0P[] EXI/S 9 ! ACT10 & ! SAME CAN BE SAID ( REVOLUTION4 ,IT'S NOT AB\T A POT5TIALITY1 SOME?+ ?AT IS CONJUR$ UP1 NOR IS IT AN ISOLAT$ ACT4 ,IT REQUIRES MODIFY+1 DISRUPTIVE1 9T]RUPT+ PRACTICES 9 SPH]ES SU* AS ! ECONOMIC1 IDEOLOGICAL1 POLITICAL-LEGAL & CULTURAL 9 G5]AL4 

,ALL ?IS IS CONCRETIZ$ 9 A PROCESS ) ACTIVE POPUL> P>TICIPATION1 DRIV5 BY A PEOPLE ( :I* WE >E A P>T & ?AT MAKE UP A WIDE SPECTRUM ( ! OPPRESS$ & EXPLOIT$ ?AT1 AT ?IS HI/ORICAL /AGE1 WE CALL ! OPPRESS$ CLASSES4 

,IT IS A PEOPLE ?AT1 )9 ! /RUCTURAL *ANGES ?AT HAVE TAK5 PLACE1 SUFF]S FROM A RELEVANT FRAGM5TATION ?AT MU/ BE OV]COME ?R\< TIES ( SOLID>ITY ?AT CREATE BONDS4 ,! UNITY ( !IR /RUGGLES MU/ BE A PRIM>Y F\NDATION = A SOCIAL =CE TO BE ABLE TO C>RY \T EFFECTIVE /RUGGLES & TO ADVANCE QUALITATIVELY4 ,?IS DOES NOT 9VOLVE ANY K9D ( 0GRADUALISM10 L9E>ITY OR TAK+ ! 5EMIES' PO/S ONE BY ONE4 ,IT IS SOME?+ ELSE4 

,KN[+ ! 5VIRONM5T 9 :I* ONE ACTS1 BE+ 9S]T$ 9 IT1 HAV+ A POLITICAL PURPOSE 9 ?IS DAILY R\T9E1 HAV+ PROPOSALS 9 L9E ) :AT PEOPLE WANT & NE$ & E/ABLI%+ PRIORITIES >E SOME ELEM5TS ?AT ALL[ ! DEVELOPM5T ( A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION LIKE \RS4 ,!RE >E 9/RUM5TS ( \R IDEOLOGY ?AT MU/ BE PUT 9TO PRACTICE 9 CONCRETE CIRCUM/ANCES3 DIRECT ACTION1 DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 SELF-MANAGEM5T1 F$]ATIVE =MS ( ORGANIZATION ETC4 

,Y\R QUE/ION 9VOLVES ! QUE/ION ( SOCIAL =CE AS WELL AS H[ WE MI<T DEF9E ! WORK WE DO AS A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION )9 POPUL> MOVEM5TS4 ,!SE >E GOOD QUE/IONS1 :I* ,I WILL NOT DISC>D4 ,F> FROM ALL ELITISM1 AS ,I PUT IT E>LI]1 \R TASK IS ?AT ( A SMALL MOTOR ?AT FUNCTIONS )9 ! PEOPLE & IS 9 CON/ANT MOTION4 ,SOCIAL =CE SEEMS TO ME TO BE A CONCEPT ( GREAT IMPORTANCE4 ,I ?9K ?IS IS V]Y CLOSELY L9K$ TO ! NEXT QUE/ION1 SO ,I WILL SAY SOME?+ AB\T IT 9 ! NEXT ANSW]4 

#ab 

  

,F,C3 ,I W\LD LIKE TO ADDRESS ! QUE/ION ( CLASS4 ,WE HAVE DEF5D$ A POSITION ( AN>*I/ ACTIVITY TOGE!R ) ! SEGM5TS ( ! POPULATION ?AT MO/ SUFF] ! EFFECTS ( CAPITALISM4 ,!RE=E1 UNLIKE ! OR?ODOX AU?ORIT>IANS :O PRIORITIZE A TYPE ( URBAN & 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT WE PROPOSE ACTION ?AT1 9 ADDITION TO ?IS PROLET>IAT1 TAKES 9TO ACC\NT O!R SUBJECTS1 SU* AS WORK]S FROM O!R SECTORS1 PEASANTS1 PREC>I\S WORK]S ( ALL K9DS - ! 0LUMP50 9 ! CLASSICAL DEF9ITION - & 9DIG5\S PEOPLES4 ,H[ DO Y\ SEE ?IS QUE/ION ( 0:]E TO PRIORITIZE ! SEW+ ( \R SE$S08 ,9 ?IS CASE1 W\LD ALL SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ) !SE SUBJECTS1 BESIDES ! UNIONS !MSELVES1 BE A PRIORITY8 

,J,C,M3 ,\R =CES AS A DEVELOP+ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION UND\BT$LY PLACE LIMITATIONS ON US4 ,PRIORITIZ+ ! :OLE SOCIAL SPH]E - :I*1 NO D\BT1 W\LD BE GREAT IF WE C\LD DO IT - IS NOT POSSIBLE UNTIL WE HAVE ! NECESS>Y =CE4 ,!RE=E1 PRIORITIZ+ PLACES BAS$ ON PREVI\S ANALYSIS & DEP5D+ ON ! /RATEGY IS ( PRIME IMPORTANCE4 

,WE C\LD SAY1 QUICKLY1 ?AT AT DIFF]5T LEVELS ACCORD+ TO SOCIAL =MATIONS !RE >E SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS BE+ FELT BY ! POPULATION3 WAGES1 BETT] WORK+ CONDITIONS1 H\S+1 HEAL?1 HUMAN RI<TS1 SURVIVAL1 WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOODS1 EXTREME POV]TY & $UCATION1 AMONG O!RS4 ,BUT IT IS QUITE POSSIBLE ?AT1 ( ! ?REE OR F\R FUNDAM5TAL ELEM5TS ( ! E/ABLI%$ /RATEGY1 IT WILL />T ) ?OSE :I* (F] MORE CONCRETE POSSIBILITIES AT ANY GIV5 MOM5T4 

,WE MU/ ALWAYS BE C>EFUL ?AT ?IS DOES NOT HYP]TROPHY ! POLITICAL PROJECT & ?AT1 9 ITS DYNAMICS1 IT DOES NOT BECOME A LOCK1 ?US 5ABL+ US TO ACT ON O!R FRONTS ?AT WE CONSID] 9DISP5SABLE4 ,IT IS SOME?+ ?AT ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION REGULATES 9 ITS ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURES1 PRODUC+ A /YLE ( ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION ?AT ALL[S ?IS TO OCCUR NATURALLY4 

,?AT IS1 !RE >E PRIORITIES ?AT >E CONJUNCTURAL & O!RS ?AT >E CON/ITUTIVE ( ! /RATEGY ITSELF4 ,!SE >E DIFF]5T SITUATIONS ?AT (T5 9T]SECT1 & DO NOT HAVE TO BE 9 CONTRADICTION OR G5]ATE ORI5TATIONS ?AT1 LAT]1 MAY BECOME DIV]G5T4 ,>TICULAT+ ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION'S ACTION 9 ! POPUL> DOMA9 REQUIRES ?IS FLUIDITY1 :I* DOES NOT IMPLY A LOSS ( COH]5CE4 ,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT !RE IS A CON/RUCTION ?AT CONC]NS ! ORGANIZATION ITSELF3 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! NECESS>Y ME*ANISMS = ! V>I\S DOMA9S ( ACTION1 AS WELL AS ! EVALUATION ( =CES & ( ! EXP]I5CES ?AT ONE DOES NOT HAVE1 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 !M4 

,!RE >E A S]IES ( 0CONCEPTS10 SU* AS ?AT ( ! LUMP51 :I* /EM FROM R$UCTIONI/ CONCEPTIONS ?AT ATTEMPT TO EXPLA9 EV]Y?+ FROM ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE & ! ROLE ?AT1 A PRIORI1 IS EXPECT$ ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 PRIM>ILY 9 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES4 ,?IS TYPE ( POSITION WAS V]Y COMMON 9 SPECIFIC HI/ORICAL MOM5TS1 BUT TODAY IT CAN BE SAID ?AT ?IS IS A P>ADIGM ?AT1 GIV5 A RIGOR\S APPROA*1 DOES NOT HOLD UP4 ,9 ?IS S5SE !RE IS A K9D ( BELIEF 9 ! EXI/5CE ( A UNIV]SAL SUBJECT 9 ITSELF &1 ALSO1 ( ELEM5TS ( PROGRESS4 ,IT IS A CONCEPTUAL /RUCTURE1 ) ITS 0ME?ODS10 ?AT EXCLUDES & EV5 DISQUALIFIES1 9 NO ELEGANT WAY1 EV]Y?+ ?AT DOES NOT FIT 9TO ITS S*EMA4 

,I ?9K IT MAY BE 9T]E/+ TO REF] TO SOME ,F,A,U MAT]IAL ?AT DEALS ) ?IS !ME1 & :I* WAS LAT] DEVELOP$1 ) GREAT] RI*NESS1 9 A JO9T WORK4 

,! SUBJECT ( *ANGE MU/ BE PRODUC$ 

  

0,! SUBJECT IS ALSO A HI/ORICAL PRODUCT10 ! S*OL>S TELL US4 ,!RE=E1 PRACTICES %\LD BE PUT 9 PLACE ?AT CAN PRODUCE & ORGANIZE IT4 ,! PRACTICES ( ! SY/EM1 ADD$ TO ?OSE 9H]IT$ FROM O!R PREVI\S BRUTAL SY/EMS1 W]E ORI5T$ T[>DS ! CREATION ( AN 9DIVIDUAL-COLLECTIVE SUBJECT ?AT ADAPTS AS MU* AS POSSIBLE TO ! EXI/+ ORD]1 TO ! VALUES ?AT SU/A9 IT4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT IT IS SIGNIFICANT ?AT ?IS HAS BE5 9T]NALIZ$ 9 !M & 9 US4 

,?US1 ANO!R HI/ORICAL SUBJECT WILL NOT COME \T ( NO:]E1 IT WILL NOT APPE> ) A /ROKE ( MAGIC2 IT MU/ BE ! RESULT ( PRACTICES ?AT CAUSE O!R NOTIONS ?AT CONTRADICT ! DOM9ANT ORD] TO BE 9T]NALIZ$4 ,EFFECTIVE P>TICIPATION1 SELF-MANAGEM5T1 DIRECT ACTION1 F$]ATIVE =MS ( TRULY DEMOCRATIC FUNCTION+1 SOLID>ITY & MUTUAL AID NE$ REGUL> ME*ANISMS1 ORGANIZATIONS & PRACTICES 9 ORD] TO BE DEVELOP$2 !Y >E CON/ANTLY 9 NE$ ( ORGANIZATION4 

,! CONT9UITY NECESS>Y = DEPLOYM5T ?AT 5ABLES *ANGE REQUIRES SU/A9ABLE /RATEGIC ACTIVITY4 ,A COH]5T /RATEGY ?AT MAKES IT POSSIBLE NOT TO DECON/RUCT :AT WAS BUILT AT A GIV5 MOM5T4 ,A /RATEGY ?AT CONTA9S )9 ITSELF A DIFF]5T WORLD1 ?AT CAN BE PROMOT$ )9 ! %ELL ( ! WORLD IT IS ANTAGONI/IC TO4 ,! SO-CALL$ 0BY ALL MEANS NECESS>Y0 CAN BE AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO 5SURE ?AT NO ANTAGONI/IC /RATEGY IS DEVELOP$ ?AT C>RIES ! ELEM5TS DE/RUCTIVE ( ! PREVAIL+ SY/EM4 ,= ?IS REASON ! G5]AL ORI5TATION1 E/ABLI%$ /RATEGY & CORRESPOND+ TACTICS >E FUNDAM5TALLY IMPORTANT4 ,?IS /RATEGY MU/ CIRCULATE )9 ALL PRACTICES1 BO? AT ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL LEVEL1 OBVI\SLY RESPECT+ ! SPECIFICITY ( EA* >5A ( ACTION4 

,?IS DOES NOT MEAN SU/A9+ ! 0ALL OR NO?+0 & NOT EV5 0PLANT+ 9 ! DES]T40 ,WE HAVE TO E/ABLI% ! />T+ PO9T AS PRECISELY AS POSSIBLE - ! SPECIFIC *>ACT] ( ! SET ( SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT %APE & SU/A9 ! SY/EM1 AS WELL AS EA* PRECISE HI/ORICAL SOCIAL =MATION 9 :I* WE 9T5D TO ACT4 ,WE MU/ />T FROM ?IS CRUEL & BRUTAL SOCIAL REALITY & NOT WORK \T SOLUTIONS ) 9DEP5D5T M5TAL PROCESSES1 UNRELAT$ TO ! WORK+S ( CONCRETE SOCIAL PROCESSES4 

,! PLACE 9 :I* PEOPLE >E F\ND 9 ! :OLE /RUCTURE ( DOM9ATION HAS A FUNDAM5TAL ROLE 9 ! PRODUCTION ( A DET]M9$ SUBJECT4 ,:AT PEOPLE LIVE EV]Y DAY1 & H[ !Y LIVE1 CONDITIONS A C]TA9 VIEW 9 DIFF]5T SOCIAL GR\PS4 ,IT IS NOT A /ATIC ?+2 !RE >E FACTORS SU* AS RESI/ANCE1 ! 9CORPORATION ( O!R NOTIONS & REPRES5TATIONS ?AT WILL G5]ATE1 OR MAY G5]ATE1 C]TA9 0%ORT CIRCUITS40 ,WE MU/ MAKE !SE FACTORS WORK 9 \R FAVOR4 

,AT ! PRES5T /AGE ( ! SY/EM3 ! OPPRESS$ CLASSES AS REVOLUTION>Y 0SUBJECT0 

  

,Y\ ASK$ ME H[ WE SEE CLASS COMPOSITION AT ?IS HI/ORICAL MOM5T4 ,! G5]AL AB/RACT-=MAL S*EMA = DEF9+ CLASSES AS B\RGEOISIE & PROLET>IAT1 :I* UND\BT$LY EXI/ AT ?IS LEVEL1 HAS LONG BE5 %[N TO BE ( LITTLE OR NO PRACTICAL USE :5 ! ANALYSIS REA*ES ! LEVEL ( SOCIAL =MATIONS4 ,?IS SUSPICION IS PRES5T BETWE5 ! L9ES ( MANY DOCUM5TS ( HI/ORICAL AN>*ISM4 ,IT CAN BE SAID ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE1 EV5 AT ?IS LEVEL ( ANALYSIS1 IS MORE COMPLEX ?AN ?AT3 !RE >E CLASS FRACTIONS1 C]TA9 /RATA L9K$ TO !M1 & EV5 POLITICAL & IDEOLOGICAL 9FLU5CES ON !IR E/ABLI%M5T4 ,IT IS ! SAME ?+ 9 RELATION TO ! CLASSIC PROLET>IAT4 ,H[EV]1 :AT 9T]E/S US AS A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 9 !ORETICAL T]MS1 IS ! OP]ATIONAL ASPECTS ?AT S]VE ! H]E & N[4 

,?IS QUE/ION WAS RAIS$ AT ! #aihf ,F,A,U ,CONGRESS & ! PUBLIC ACT ( ! SAME YE>4 ,BUT IT WAS ONLY AT ! #a#a? ,F,A,U ,CONGRESS ?AT WE DECID$ TO TAKE A MORE COMPLETE APPROA* TO ! QUE/ION ( SOCIAL CLASSES AT ?IS /AGE ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT WAS A !ME ?AT REMA9$ OP52 ! PROPOSAL WAS TO CONT9UE WORK+ T[>DS ! PRODUCTION ( A HYPO!SIS1 AN 9ITIAL DRAFT1 ?AT W\LD DEEP5 ! CONCEPT ( CLASS 9 ?IS /AGE ( CAPITALISM4 

,WE DISCUSS$ ! NE$ TO RE=MULATE ! CONCEPT ( CLASS ACCORD+ TO ! *ANGES ?AT HAVE OCCURR$1 AVOID+ GIV+ CONT9UITY TO ! DEF9ITION E/ABLI%$ 9 ! PREVI\S P]IOD ( 0,=DI/ SPL5DOR0 & ! 0WELF>E /ATE40 ,9 SUM1 WE CONSID]$ ?AT ! PURELY ECONOMIC F\NDATION WAS NOT SUFFICI5T = A DEF9ITION ( CLASS4 ,R\<LY1 ! NE$ TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! WAY ! COMPLEX & >TICULAT$ SET ( RELATIONS ( DOM9ATION IS EXPRESS$ 9 ! SPH]E ( SOCIAL RELATIONS TODAY WAS PO9T$ \T4 ,?IS IS RELEVANT & HAS DECISIVE IMPLICATIONS = H[ TO E/ABLI% AN OP]ATIONAL /RATEGY ( RUPTURE UND] ! CURR5T CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,! DOCUM5T EMPHASIZES3 0,WE PUT1 9 FIR/ PLACE1 ! NE$ = A POPUL> \TCOME AS A COROLL>Y ( A LONG PROCESS ( /RUGGLES ) A REVOLUTION>Y ORI5TATION40 ,& CONT9UES3 

0,IT IS CLE> ?AT 9 ! UND]-DEVELOP$ & DEP5D5T CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN C\NTRIES -- ) !IR P>TICUL> ECONOMIC & CLASS /RUCTURE MORE AFFECT$ & WEAK5$ ?AN 9 O!R P]IODS -- ONE CANNOT ?9K ( ! POSSIBILITY ( A REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS BE+ DRIV5 EXCLUSIVELY BY NUCLEI ( ! FACTORY PROLET>IAT1 NOR EV5 BY ALL ! WAGE E>N]S4 ,ESPECIALLY BECAUSE1 AT ?IS HI/ORIC MOM5T1 \R CONT95T HAS HUGE NUMB]S ( UNEMPLOY$1 EXCLUD$1 SUP]-EXPLOIT$ & SEMI-EMPLOY$1 & ! /ATI/ICS TELL US ?AT MORE ?AN HALF ( ! POPULATION IS 9 POV]TY1 BEL[ ! POV]TY L9E OR IS 9DIG5T40 

,IT IS NECESS>Y TO ?9K AB\T BUILD+ A FRONT ( OPPRESS$ CLASSES ?AT1 AS A BASIC /RATEGIC TOOL1 SEEKS TO HAVE ! WORK+ CLASS -- OR A SECTOR ( IT -- AS A C5TRAL CORE2 BUT ?AT ALSO 9CLUDES1 ) EQUAL RI<TS1 RURAL WORK]S1 PEASANTS1 ! GREAT DIV]SITY ( 9=MAL WORK]S -- A SECTOR 9CREAS+LY ?ICK5$ BY ! CRISIS & ! SY/EM'S RESPONSES TO TE*NOLOGICAL *ANGES -- ! M>G9ALIZ$ :O DEM& WORK1 /UD5TS & ! NEW & DIV]SE SELF-MANAG$ POPUL> EXPRESSIONS4 

,WE BELIEVE ?AT1 9 PR9CIPLE1 DEM&S = RI<TS = DIFF]5T SECTORS1 SU* AS ! BLACK1 9DIG5\S1 FEM9I/ & O!R HUMAN RI<TS MOVEM5TS1 MU/ BE 9CORPORAT$ &1 9 P>TICUL> & FROM A SPECIFIC APPROA*1 ! ECOLOGICAL QUE/ION MU/ BE CONSID]$4 ,H[EV]1 Y\ CANNOT /OP TAK+ ! WORK+ CLASS 9TO ACC\NT1 ESPECIALLY ITS ANTAGONI/IC VALUES4 ,GLOBALLY1 ! 0SUBJECT0 W\LD1 !N1 BE 9 ?IS SET ( OPPRESS$ CLASSES4 

,AS ! DOCUM5T /ATES3 0,! FRONT ( OPPRESS$ CLASSES TO :I* WE REF] IS CON/ITUT$ AS A NETWORK ( P]MAN5T RELATIONS1 PROGRAMMATICALLY L9K$1 />T+ FROM ! MULTIPLICITY ( GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS1 CAPABLE ( EXPRESS+ 9 /RUGGLE ! IMM$IATE 9T]E/S ( !SE SOCIAL SECTORS1 ( DEVELOP+ & DEEP5+ !M1 SEEK+ TO CON/ITUTE TRANS=MATIVE ORI5TATIONS & OBJECTIVES1 & MAK+ !M 9TO SOCIAL =CES ( EFFECTIVE GRAVITATION40 

,?IS TRANSLATES 9TO A V>IETY ( QUE/IONS 9 ! WORK ( ! ORGANIZATION3 /RUGGLES = H\S+1 AGA9/ EVICTIONS1 9 DEF5SE ( JOBS1 SUPPORT = WORK]S' /RUGGLES = L&1 = %ELT]1 DEF5SE ( ADVANCES & HUMAN RI<TS1 HEAL? & $UCATION1 SOCIAL SECURITY1 Y\?1 SELF-MANAG$ 9ITIATIVES1 E?NIC EXPRESSIONS ETC4 ,! ORGANIZATIONAL =MS ?AT CAN 5COMPASS SU* A V>I$ PROCESS ( MILITANT WORK IS A BROAD !ME1 & !RE IS SOME CONS5SUS ON ITS BASIC ASPECTS4 

,AS ,I SAID1 P]=M+ A PRIOR DEF9ITION ( CLASSES -- :I* IS NOT BAS$ ON ECONOMIC R$UCTIONISM1 BUT 9CORPORATES RELEVANT POLITICAL &1 ESPECIALLY1 IDEOLOGICAL FACTORS -- DOES NOT MEAN AB/A9+ FROM ! DEF9ITION ( PRIORITIES2 E/ABLI%$ ACCORD+ TO ! CURR5T SITUATION1 \R EVALUATIONS & \R /R5G?4 

#ac 

  

,F,C3 ,C\LD WE SAY1 9 ?IS S5SE1 ?AT ! SO-CALL$ NEOLIB]AL MODEL PRODUC$ MORE & DIFF]5T PLACES DUE TO ITS EFFECTS 9 ! SOCIAL SPH]E8 

,J,C,M3 ,YES1 ! NEOLIB]AL MODEL REALIZ$ ITS SPECIFIC PRODUCTION BY ! MEANS ( ! EFFECTS ?AT IT HAD 9 ! DOMA9 ( SOCIAL RELATIONS1 V]Y L9K$ TO ! WORLD ( POV]TY ( ?OSE FROM BEL[4 ,I EV5 ?9K ?AT !Y S\<T1 BY MEANS ( ! PRODUCTION ( TE*NIQUES & ME*ANISMS ( P[]1 A NEW DISCIPL9E ?AT MEANT ?AT ! UNIV]SE LO/ 9 POV]TY ADOPT$ BEHAVIORS ?AT 5D$ UP BY MAK+ !M RESIGN$ TO & 9S]T$ 9TO ?IS MIS]ABLE SOCIAL REALITY4 

,I WILL USE ,F,A,U MAT]IALS AGA94 

,FRAGM5TATION & ! NEW POV]TY 

  

,?IS TITLE IS P>T ( ! NOTES MADE AT A ,F,A,U CONGRESS1 HELD >\ND #a#i#i#h4 ,DESPITE ! *ANGES 9 ! CURR5T CONJUNCTURE SEV]AL !MES ADDRESS$ 9 !SE CONSID]ATIONS SEEM TO BE QUITE 9T]E/+4 ,?IS PAP]1 :I* REFLECTS ON NEW SITUATIONS1 RAISES QUE/IONS & ! SUSPICION ?AT C]TA9 DYNAMICS C\LD DEVELOP MORE WIDELY1 & ?AT WE %\LD /RIVE TO BECOME AW>E ( ?IS4 

,! CURR5T WORLD CONJUNCTURE & ALL ITS ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & SOCIAL EFFECTS - :I* TODAY IMPACT ON \R ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & ! WORLD AT L>GE - DO NOT 9VALIDATE ! CONSID]ATIONS ( ?AT CONGRESS4 ,WE DO NOT KN[ EXACTLY :AT ! SCOPE ( ! SO-CALL$ CRISIS WILL BE1 & IT SEEMS ?AT = ! WORLD'S POOR -- N[ 9CLUD+ A HI< P]C5TAGE ( WORK]S 9 ! HI<LY 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES -- ! SITUATION WILL GET WORSE4 

,I WILL TRANSCRIBE !SE NOTES BECAUSE ,I BELIEVE !Y >E USEFUL = UND]/&+ ! SITUATIONS & PROCESSES ?AT >E UND]WAY4 ,IT IS NOT A COMPLET$ MAT]IAL1 BUT SIMPLY SOME 9ITIAL NOTES ?AT WE AIM TO ORD] SO AS TO REFLECT ON ISSUES ?AT HAVE BE5 DEBAT$ = A LONG TIME4 

0,?IS /AGE ( CAPITALISM HAS REA*$ UNPREC$5T$ GLOBALIZATION & HAS PROMOT$ NEOLIB]AL POLICIES ACROSS MU* ( ! PLANET4 ,9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE ACT$ ) OV]:ELM+ CONSI/5CY & HAVE SUCCESSFULLY PROMOT$ AN EV5 MORE 9DIVIDUALI/IC CULTURE 9 MANY PLACES4 

,ALL ( !SE FUNDAM5TAL ME*ANISMS1 :I* WORK ACCEPT+LY & COHESIVELY = ! B5EFIT ( A SMALL GR\P ( P[]FUL PEOPLE1 >E AT ! SAME TIME PRODUC+ AN EFFECT ( POPUL> FRAGM5TATION4 ,! WORLD ( WORK1 TIES ( SOLID>ITY1 SOCIAL LIFE1 ! SITUATION ( ! POOR ITSELF IS FRAGM5T$4 

,ALONG ) ?IS1 !RE IS AN EXCLUSION ( MULTITUDES ( PEOPLE1 ( LEFTOV] POPULATIONS1 AS WELL AS ! GREAT & 9HUMANE /RUGGLE = SURVIVAL AMONG ?OSE 9 ! MID/ ( :AT MI<T BE CALL$ ! 'NEW POV]TY'4 ,?IS 'NEW POV]TY' IS MADE UP ( HOPELESS PEOPLE = :OM ! PROSPECT ( WORK DOES NOT EV5 EXI/4 ,= !M1 IT'S ESS5TIAL TO GET !IR DAILY BREAD AT ANY CO/4 ,EV5 ! MU* PROPAGAT$ CONSUMPTION ( LESS IMPORTANT OBJECTS IS COMPLETELY D5I$ TO !SE PEOPLE4 ,?OSE :O >E P>T ( ?IS 'NEW POV]TY' SEE ?OSE :O HAVE A LOT1 SOME?+1 LITTLE OR V]Y LITTLE AS S\RCES FROM :I* TO GET A BIT ( :AT !Y NE$4 

,?IS 'NEW POV]TY' IS ACTUALLY A 'NEW MIS]Y' AS IT'S GREAT] ?AN 9 ANY O!R P]IOD 9 HI/ORY4 ,GIV5 ! DEVELOPM5TS ?AT HAVE OCCURR$1 :AT !SE PEOPLE LACK IS ALSO MORE ?AN EV]4 ,!SE 0MIS]ABLES10 LIKE NEW *>ACT]S COM+ \T ( ! PAGES ( ,VICTOR ,HUGO1 >E =C$ TO CONTEMPLATE OPUL5CE1 CORRUPTION1 LUXURY & ALL ?AT CONSUM] SOCIETY (F]S )\T HAV+ ACCESS TO ANY?+ OR ALMO/ ANY?+4 ,!RE IS EV5 A DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ?OSE :O HAVE ! SECURITY ( DAILY WORK1 :O EAT EV]Y DAY & :O CAN RAISE !IR *ILDR5 ) ! B>E ESS5TIALS4 

,WILL ALL ?IS NOT PRODUCE MORE HATR$1 MORE FEEL+S ( 9JURY & CONTEMPT8 ,WILL ! WORD JU/ICE NOT BE CONSID]$1 9 ! MO/ DIFF]5T CONTEXTS1 A GROTESQUE DECEIT8 

,M5TION IS MADE1 9 DIFF]5T P>TS1 ( A NEW PH5OM5ON ?AT IS =MULAT$ 9 A RA!R FRAGM5T>Y & SUP]FICIAL MANN]4 ,C\LD WE BE 9 A HI/ORIC MOM5T ( DEAF W> 9 ! WORLD ( 'NEW POV]TY' & 'NEW MIS]Y' AGA9/ ! RI* & P[]FUL2 & EV5 AGA9/ ?OSE FROM BEL[1 :O >E SE5 AS SU*8 

,?IS PROBLEM 9DICATES ?AT !RE >E SECTORS ( ! L[] CLASSES ?AT DO NOT REF] TO ! IDEOLOGY ( ! WORK]S & >E PRODUC+ ANO!R4 ,?IS MAY BE ! CASE = ?OSE :O >E COMPLETELY M>G9ALIZ$ & = PEASANTS LIV+ 9 UTT] MIS]Y2 AS WELL AS = 9DIG5\S PEASANTS1 ) ! DIFF]5CE ?AT !Y 9CORPORATE 9TO !IR WORLDVIEW ELEM5TS FROM ANCI5T CULTURES4 ,9 ?IS UNIV]SE :AT W\LD ! >TICULAT+ EFFECTS ( ! WORK]S' IDEOLOGY BE8 

,W\LD ! SO-CALL$ 0CITIZ5 SECURITY0 ?AT1 SUPPORT$ BY ! M$IA1 HOLDS ?AT EV]Y 'WRET*' IS A COMMON 5EMY NOT HAVE TO DO ) A LOT ( :AT WE >E TALK+ AB\T8 ,IS IT NOT 9T5D+ =1 & A*IEV+1 A TACIT ALLIANCE ( ! POLICE1 ! SY/EM1 & ?OSE :O HAVE SOME?+ - EV5 IF ?IS 0SOME?+0 IS ONLY SAFE1 WELL-PAID WORK8 ,W\LD WE NOT1 EV5 SUBTLY1 BE PLAY+ ! SY/EM'S GAME ?AT1 = ITS SURVIVAL & REPRODUCTION1 E/ABLI%ES AT ?IS /AGE A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 'WRET*$'8 ,?IS NEW SITUATION G5]ATES MANY REFLECTIONS4 

,! WORLD IS FULL ( PRISONS & !Y >E /ILL OP5 9 MANY PLACES4 ,!RE WILL BE MORE PRISON]S & ! 'NEW POV]TY' WILL 9CREASE !IR BOND ) ?IS WORLD4 ,WILL A GOOD P>T ( ! 'NEW POV]TY' BE EV5 MORE 5ABL$ = ?IS W>8 

,MORE ?AN HALF ( \R ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA'S POPULATION IS 9 POV]TY4 ,UND] ! CURR5T /RUCTURE ?IS SITUATION WILL NOT IMPROVE1 BUT WILL WORS5 9 ! COM+ YE>S4 ,?IS IS :AT ! (FICIAL FIGURES !MSELVES REVEAL4 ,MOREOV]1 9 MANY PLACES !RE HAS BE5 A GREAT] ALT]NATION BETWE5 WORK & HUNG] AIM$ AT PREV5T+ PEOPLE FROM 5T]+ ! 'MIS]ABLE' & HO/ILE WORLD4 

,!RE HAVE BE5 UPRIS+S BY POPULATIONS ?AT1 SOMETIMES CONFUS$LY1 EXPRESS DISSATISFACTION & DISCOM=T REG>D+ !IR SITUATION ( M>G9ALITY & MIS]Y2 !Y HAVE BE5 DRIV5 BY PEASANTS1 ! UNEMPLOY$ & 9DIG5\S PEOPLE4 ,MOBILIZATIONS ( ?IS K9D CAN BE SE5 9 ,>G5T9A1 ,BRAZIL1 ,P]U1 ,ECUADOR1 ,MEXICO & ,BOLIVIA4 ,9 ,BOLIVIA1 CORRECTLY1 A MOVEM5T WAS CREAT$ >\ND ! QUE/ION ( WAT]1 AN UNOR?ODOX MOBILIZ+ ELEM5T4 ,& ?IS G5]AL MOBILIZATION1 DRIV5 BY ! POORE/ PEOPLE1 TOOK PLACE 9 ! POORE/ C\NTRY ON ! CONT95T4 ,P]HAPS ! VECTOR ( REBELLION1 ?AT USES VIOL5CE = *ANGE1 IS COM+ FROM ?OSE :O >E MO/ OPPRESS$4 

,! 'MIS]ABLE'1 !IR /RUGGLE & ?IS FEEL+ ( REVALUATION ( HUMAN RI<TS & C]TA9 VALUES >E P]HAPS ! C5TRAL AXES ( ?IS MOM5T4 ,AT ! IDEOLOGICAL LEVEL1 AS WE PUT IT 9 \R OV]ALL /RATEGY1 WE REAFFIRM ! VALUES ( LABOR1 ! IDEOLOGY ?AT ! WORLD ( WORK PRODUC$ & PRODUCES UND] CONDITIONS ( OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 ,IT IS AN ORI5TATION = ! MILITANT TASK4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT IT IS ALREADY PRES5T 9 L>GE SECTIONS ( ! POPUL> MOVEM5T1 NOR EV5 ?AT :5 SOME ( ITS ELEM5TS EXI/ !Y >E CLE>4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 9 ORD] TO C>RY \T ITS READ+S & ACT 9 ACCORDANCE ) !SE /RONG PH5OM5A1 A MOVEM5T MU/ HAVE SPIRITUAL PREP>ATION4 ,?AT IS1 IT MU/ HAVE AN UND]/&+ & SOME NOTIONS ?AT >E BEYOND ! READ+ C>RI$ \T AB\T !M2 C]TA9 LEVELS ( COLLECTIVE EXP]I5CE4 

,RETURN+ TO ! !ME ( FRAGM5TATION1 IT %\LD BE ADD$ ?AT IT CAN EASILY BE SE5 9 POLITICAL & SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,IT CAN ALSO BE SE5 9 LESS 9/ITUTIONAL SPH]ES1 (T5 L9K$ TO ! V>I$ & '9(F5SIVE' CULTURAL (F]+ ?AT IS PROMOT$ BY ! SY/EM ITSELF OR ?AT ?IS SY/EM ALL[S TO DEVELOP4 ,9 MANY WAYS !RE SEEMS TO BE A G5]AL T5D5CY TO OBS]VE OR BE 9T]E/$ ONLY 9 P>TIAL ASPECTS ( ?+S4 ,CORPORATISM JO9S ?IS P]V]SE & 9T]E/$ FRAGM5TATION4 ,WE >E ( ! IMPRESSION ?AT1 BESIDES ! CULTURAL 9FLU5CE ( ! 5VIRONM5T1 SOME PRACTICES >E DUE TO POOR READ+S1 ) IDEOLOGICAL DI/ORTIONS ?AT CAUSE FAILURES EV5 ?\< !Y >E DEVELOP$ ) RESE>* & REFLECTION MAT]IALS ?AT CONTRIBUTE A LOT4 ,AMONG O!R ?+S !SE DI/ORTIONS LEAD TO OV]E/IMAT+ :AT IS SPECIFIC & GIV+ AN ALMO/ SELF-SUFFICI5T *>ACT] TO P>TIAL ISSUES4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT P>T ( ?IS CON/ITUTES A LEGITIMATE REACTION TO EMPTY TOTALITIES & GLOBALITIES1 :I* >E NOT BAS$ ON ! SPECIFIC ELEM5TS ?AT SUPPOS$LY COMPOSE IT & :I* HAVE CREAT$ MANY 0SCI5TIFIC0 DOGMAS & !ORIES ?AT LACK CONSI/5CY4 ,BUT ONE CANNOT ?9K AB\T ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( P>TIAL ELEM5TS1 ?AT >E SO FREQU5TLY ADVANC$1 MO/LY ) ! BE/ 9T5TIONS1 BY ALT]NATIVI/S1 TE*NO-OPTIMI/S & ! LIKE1 :5 WE >E FAC$ ) A SY/EM ( DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION1 A GLOBAL REPRESSIVE APP>ATUS1 A G5]ALIZ$ NEOLIB]AL MODEL1 AN IDEOLOGICAL APP>ATUS ( SU* DEEP P5ETRATION4 .<#i.> ,UND]/OOD 9 ?IS WAY !SE P>TIAL SPECIFICITIES RESEMBLE ! IDEOLOGY ( ! OLD ,VIZCAYA3 ',/AY 9 Y\R HID+ PLACE'4 ,!Y ALSO SOMETIMES S]VE TO SAVE CONSCI5CE FROM PURGATORY4 

,APPROA*+ :AT WE SAID ABOVE1 TRACES ( A MORE B>B>IC 9DIVIDUALISM SEEM TO HAVE GR[N2 ) ANG] & CONFLICT CIRCULAT+ MORE )9 ! POPULATION & AMONG EQUALS ?AN 9 RELATION TO ?OSE ABOVE4 

,TOGE!R ) ! NEW PH5OM5A ! IDEOLOGICAL APP>ATUS ( ! SY/EM - TO :I* IS ADD$ A DEEP 'LEFT' LIB]AL-RE=MISM - SU/A9S A DET]M9$ 0NO Y\ CAN'T10 OR DOES SOME?+ )9 :AT IS CONSID]$ '$UCAT$' OR 'NEW'1 ( REC5T MANUFACTURE & ADMISSION4 ,ALL )9 A P]IMET] ?AT DOES NOT 9CLUDE ! 0WRET*$0 OR ! CONFRONT]S4 ,?IS1 9 C]TA9 S5SIBILITIES1 SEEMS TO G5]ATE DISC\RAGEM5T1 CONFUSION1 FRU/RATION1 DESPAIR &1 F9ALLY1 ! DESIRE TO TURN TO ONESELF1 DEVOT+ ONESELF TO ONE'S [N ?+S4 

,OBVI\SLY1 !SE & O!R FACTORS AFFECT SOLID>ITY & COLLECTIVE VALUES1 PROSPECTS = TOMORR[1 EF=TS T[>DS SOME?+ ?AT DOES NOT EXI/ TODAY1 & /IMULATE 9DIVIDUALISM1 CORPORATISM1 LACK ( RESPECT = O!RS & %ORT-T]M P]SPECTIVES4 ,>E !Y ALSO 5G5D]+ COMPLICITY ) ! SY/EM8 

,!RE IS AN IDEOLOGICAL TORR5T ?AT FLOODS A VA/ T]RA9 & ?AT (T5 DOES NOT EV5 ALL[ US TO ?9K PROP]LY4 ,AS IT WAS SAID1 ONE MU/ 0SEP>ATE ! :EAT FROM ! *AFF0 &1 :ILE ?IS IS NOT A SIMPLE TASK1 IT IS ESS5TIAL4 

#ad 

  

,F,C3 ,I KN[ Y\ W]E V]Y 9VOLV$ 9 ! DISCUSSION AB\T POPUL> P[]4 ,C\LD Y\ EXPLA9 TO ME :AT POPUL> P[] IS1 = Y\1 & :Y ?IS /RATEGY IS IMPORTANT = ! POPUL> MOVEM5T8 ,I BELIEVE ! SAME %\LD OCCUR 9 ,URUGUAY AS 9 ,BRAZIL1 :]E V>I\S O!R SECTORS ALSO USE ! CONCEPT ( POPUL> P[]1 EA* TO REF] TO SOME?+ DIFF]5T3 SOME ) /RATEGIES MORE OR LESS SIMIL> TO \RS1 O!RS ) VANGU>DI/ OR DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ PROPOSALS4 ,H[ CAN WE DEF5D POPUL> P[] & DIFF]5TIATE \R PROPOSAL FROM AU?ORIT>IAN ONES8 ,C\LD Y\ EXPLA9 Y\R CONCEPTION ( POPUL> P[] )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( /RATEGY & PROGRAM8 

,J,C,M3 ,I WILL ALSO USE ,F,A,U DOCUM5TS TO ANSW] ?IS QUE/ION4 

,OV]ALL /RATEGY 

  

,9 ORD] TO BROA* ! CONCEPT ( POPUL> P[] IT IS NECESS>Y1 BE=E 5T]+ 9TO ! !ME1 TO MAKE SOME G5]AL NOTES BAS$ ON MAT]IALS ?AT W]E DEVELOP$ BY ! ORGANIZATION 9 #a#i#g4 ,I WILL MAKE M9OR ADJU/M5TS TO :AT IS ESS5TIAL1 AS IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! ELEM5TS PUT =W>D >E CLE> 5\< TO 5RI* ANY DEBATE4 ,LET'S SEE4 

0,! ACTIVITY ( A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IMPLIES A PR$ICTION ( ! POSSIBLE UNFOLD+ ( EV5TS 9 A MORE-OR-LESS PROLONG$ P]IOD ( TIME1 :I* 9CLUDES ! C\RSE ( ACTION TO BE TAK5 BY ! ORGANIZATION 9 ! FACE ( EV5TS 9 ORD] TO 9FLU5CE !M 9 ! MO/ EFFECTIVE & APPROPRIATE DIRECTION4 

,!SE PR$ICTIONS >E CALL$ ! /RATEGIC L9E4 ,NORMALLY1 A /RATEGIC L9E IS VALID AS LONG AS ! G5]AL SITUATION TO :I* IT CORRESPONDS P]SI/S4 ,= EXAMPLE3 ,! /RATEGY ( PROLONG$ /RUGGLE1 ! CREATION ( ! CONDITIONS & ! DEVELOPM5T ( >M$ /RUGGLE ACTIONS )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! PROCESS ( SOCIO-ECONOMIC DET]IORATION1 ) ITS PR$ICTABLE D]IVATION ( 9T5SIFICATION ( /RUGGLES4 

,( C\RSE1 IF ! OV]ALL SITUATION UND]GOES V]Y SIGNIFICANT *ANGES !Y WILL *ANGE ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* ! ORGANIZATION WILL HAVE TO OP]ATE2 IF ! ORGANIZATION IS TO ACT EFFECTIVELY IT MU/ REVISE ITS /RATEGY TO FIT ! NEW SITUATION4 

,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ?IS DOES NOT IMPLY *ANG+ ! DESIR$ OBJECTIVES1 ! 5DS1 NOR ! IDEOLOGICAL PR9CIPLES4 ,/RATEGY CONC]NS A MORE MODE/1 ALBEIT DECISIVE1 PLAN ?AT RELATES TO ! ORGANIZATION'S OP]ATIONAL ACTIVITY1 ITS POLITICAL PRACTICE4 

,?IS IS RELEVANT BECAUSE1 (T51 !RE >E ?OSE :O T5D TO TURN 9TO 'PR9CIPLES' QUE/IONS ?AT >E1 & CAN ONLY BE1 /RATEGIC =MULATIONS VALID TO ! EXT5T ( !IR SUITABILITY & EFFECTIV5ESS 9 OP]AT+ 9 A GIV5 SITUATION4 ,!SE =MULATIONS CAN BECOME DANG]\S IF !Y BECOME DOGMAS ) ! PRET5SE ( UNIV]SAL APPLICABILITY & UTILITY4 

,BECAUSE ( !SE >BITR>Y & DOGMATIC EXT5SIONS ( ! VALIDITY ( /RATEGIC EXP]IM5TS1 5DLESS DISCUSSIONS AB\T :AT WE MI<T CALL 'FALSE PROBLEMS' TOOK PLACE4 .<444.> ,9 SOME CASES1 SU* POSITIONS MOTIVAT$1 = YE>S1 DISCUSSIONS 9 :I* ! V>I\S '>GUM5TS' W]E REPEAT$ & SCRUT9IZ$4 ,&1 AS !SE DISCUSSIONS W]E TAK+ PLACE !Y W]E CREAT+ RIGID POSITIONS & GIV+ !M A TRANSC5D5CE !Y DID NOT DES]VE4 ,:AT WAS ONLY A MATT] ( /RATEGY BECAME A MATT] ( PR9CIPLE4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! FACT ?AT ! ONLY APPROPRIATE ME?OD TO RESOLVE !SE ISSUES IS TO UND]TAKE AN ANALYSIS ( ! CONCRETE SITUATION -- ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL1 POLITICAL -- )9 :I* ONE HAS TO ACT HAS BE5 LO/ SI<T (4 ,! SITUATION1 ! SOCIAL REALITY -- :I* IS DYNAMICALLY CON/ITUT$ ?R\< SITUATIONS ?AT *ANGE & FOLL[ EA* O!R -- IS ! ONLY SUITABLE 'JUDGE' TO DECIDE !SE CONTROV]SIES4 

,H[EV]1 /RATEGY ONLY PROVIDES ! G5]AL L9ES = A P]IOD4 ,IT IS ! TACTICS ?AT GIVE BODY TO IT 9 ! ACTUAL1 CONCRETE REALITY & ?AT TRANSLATE IT 9TO FACTS4 ,TACTICAL OPTIONS1 AS !Y CONC]N MORE PRECISE1 CONCRETE & IMM$IATE PROBLEMS1 CAN BE MORE V>I$1 MORE FLEXIBLE4 ,H[EV]1 !Y CANNOT BE 9 CONTRADICTION ) ! /RATEGY4 

,AN APPROPRIATE /RATEGIC-TACTICAL CONCEPTION1 AS /AT$1 MU/ TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! ACTUAL SITUATION & ! EXPECT$ TIMEFRAME = ITS REALIZATION4 ,BUT ?AT IS NOT 5\<3 FACTS1 PRACTICE1 'PURE' EXP]I5CE >E NOT 5\<4 ,:AT'S MORE1 'PURE' EXP]I5CE DOES NOT EXI/4 ,EV]Y POLITICALLY ACTIVE ORGANIZATION COMES TO A /RATEGIC-TACTICAL CONCEPTION ON ! BASIS ( C]TA9 ASSUMPTIONS1 IMPLICIT OR EXPLICIT1 :I* >E IDEOLOGICAL1 !ORETICAL4 

,!RE IS NO APOLITICAL1 IDEOLOGICALLY NEUTRAL /RATEGY4 ,!RE IS NO WAY TO D$UCE IT FROM A PRESUMABLY 'OBJECTIVE'1 IDEOLOGICALLY ACETIC ANALYSIS4 ,?OSE :O BELIEVE 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( SU* AN ANALYSIS1 ( A DEF9ITION )\T IDEOLOGICAL ORI5TATION1 ALMO/ ALWAYS LIMIT !MSELVES TO ACCEPT+ AS ! MAXIMUM LEVEL ( 'POLITICAL' DEVELOPM5T ?AT :I* MAY D]IVE FROM SPONTANE\S DEVELOPM5T4 ,IDEOLOGY IS REPLAC$ BY CONCEPTIONS EMANAT+ FROM 'COMMON S5SE'1 :I* IS ALWAYS1 9EVITABLY1 P5ETRAT$ BY ! 'COMMON' IDEAS & BELIEFS SPREAD BY DOM9ANT SOCIAL GR\PS4 ,! ONLY WAY TO OV]COME !SE 'COMMON' IDEAS & BELIEFS IS TO CONFRONT !M ) A SET ( POSITIONS1 ORGANIZATIONALLY /RUCTUR$ & ! WIDE/ POSSIBLE2 ) AN IDEOLOGY4 ,IDEOLOGY IS AN ESS5TIAL MOTOR = POLITICAL ACTION & AN 9EVITABLE COMPON5T ( EV]Y /RATEGY4 ,ALL POLITICAL PRACTICE IMPLIES DEF9ITE MOTIVES & MEAN+ ?AT ONLY BECOME CLE>LY DISC]NIBLE TO ! EXT5T !Y >E MADE EXPLICIT & ORGANIZ$ 9TO AN IDEOLOGY4 

,WE %\LD MAKE SOME NOTES H]E4 ,! MORE-OR-LESS ME*ANICAL %IFT ( S*EMATA FROM O!R REALITIES - ?AT FUNCTION AS A K9D ( SUB/ITUTE = ! REAL 5SEMBLE1 ( ! TRUE SOCIAL REALITY BE=E US - HAS BE5 V]Y FREQU5T4 ,= A LONG TIME -- & MANY CONT9UE TO DO SO -- /RATEGIC & TACTICAL L9ES HAVE BE5 DRAWN NOT ON ! BASIS ( A C>EFUL ANALYSIS ( \R REALITY1 BUT ON ! BASIS ( :AT 'SO-&-SO' SAID1 (T5 9 RELATION TO SITUATIONS ?AT OCCURR$ 9 O!R DI/ANT & DI/9CT REGIONS4 .<444.> 

,9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA ?IS WAY ( PROCE$+1 ACCORD+ TO PREFABRICAT$ 'MODELS'1 WAS RESPONSIBLE = IMM5SE DAMAGE4 ,EV5 ! SIMPLE PRODUCTION ( 9=MATION -- :I* %\LD BE C>RI$ \T BY RIGOR\S DESCRIPTIVE WORK ON LOCAL OR REGIONAL CONDITIONS & CIRCUM/ANCES -- 5C\NT]$ MAJOR OB/ACLES4 ,9 ?IS SITUATION ! 'COPY'1 ! ME*ANICAL DISPLACEM5T ( EFFECTIVE 'RECIPES' PROV5 BY .<444.> \TSIDE EXP]I5CE1 BECOMES A FA/ & ATTRACTIVELY 'EASY' 9ITIATIVE4 

,! P]SI/5T RECURR5CE ( !SE POSITIONS1 ESPECIALLY ON ! P>T ( C]TA9 SECTORS ( ! $UCAT$ PETTY B\RGEOISIE1 HAS G5]AT$ -- DUE TO A REACTION ?AT1 AL?\< EXPLICABLE1 IS MI/AK5 -- AN UND]E/IMATION ( IDEOLOGICAL ELEM5TS1 CONSID]$ P>T ( A '!ORY' ) :I* WE C\LD DO )\T4 ,OV]COM+ ?IS UND]E/IMATION IS A CURR5T TASK4 ,WE MU/ DEP>T FROM !SE ASPECTS & ADVANCE ON ! PA?S ( ! MO/ EFFECTIVE KN[L$GE & !ORETICAL ELABORATION AS ! 9CREAS+LY FIRM F\NDATION ( AN ALREADY DEF9$ /RATEGIC-TACTICAL L9E40 

,! CONCEPT ( 0/RATEGY 9 ! N>R[ S5SE40 ,:Y8 

  

,9 ! CONGRESS DISCUSSIONS WE HAD >RIV$ AT ! CONCLUSION ?AT ! CONCEPTS ( G5]AL /RATEGY & TACTICS LEFT A K9D ( VOID BETWE5 !M4 ,!RE W]E QUE/IONS ?AT DID NOT CORRESPOND TO ! G5]AL /RATEGY & DID NOT BELONG TO ! REALM ( TACTICS EI!R4 ,! CONCEPT ( /RATEGY 9 ! N>R[ S5SE EM]GES AS A PROVISIONAL DEF9ITION = ?IS 09T]M$I>Y0 CONCEPT4 

,WE SITUATE ?IS CONCEPT BETWE5 G5]AL /RATEGY & TACTICS4 ,WE ASSIGN TO IT A FUNCTION ( G5]AL DESIGN1 9 A PLAN ( GREAT] APPROXIMATION ( SOCIAL-POLITICAL ACTION4 ,! CONCEPT ( /RATEGY 9 ! N>R[ S5SE COMPRISES ! G5]AL L9ES ALREADY E/ABLI%$ 9 DIFF]5T SPH]ES1 BUT IT S]VES AS A TOOL = A CLOS] APPROXIMATION ( SOCIAL REALITY4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT WE WILL NOT OP]ATE 9 ?IS REALITY 9 A PRAGMATIC OR ONLY EMPIRICAL WAY1 & ?AT WE WILL ALSO NOT OP]ATE FROM ! LIMIT$ TACTICAL DIM5SION4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 /RATEGY 9 ! N>R[ S5SE FE$S ! PROGRAM ( WORK = A P]IOD1 />T+ FROM CONJUNCTURAL ORI5TATIONS4 

,AB\T ! PROGRAM 

  

,WE SITUATE ! PROGRAM 0SPECIFICALLY & CONCRETELY 9 ! >5A ( SOCIAL PRACTICES4 ,9 ! >5A :]E SOCIAL T5SIONS & /RUGGLES >E EXPRESS$40 ,! PROGRAM COMPILES ! EVALUATION C>RI$ \T AB\T ! /AGE 9 :I* A P>TICUL> SY/EM IS ANALYZ$ &1 FROM ! EXI/+ SPACE ( ACTION1 DEVELOPS ! POSSIBILITIES = WORK4 ,! PROGRAM COMPRISES 0! ORI5TATION ( ALL \R ACTION = A P]IOD40 

,IT IS AB\T NOT DO+ :AT APPE>S1 NOR ASSESS+ EV]Y?+ ?AT >ISES 9 ISOLATION1 NOR BE+ DISC\RAG$ BECAUSE ! ADVANCE IS NOT IMM$IATELY VISIBLE4 ,IT IS AB\T SETT+ GOALS & MOV+ T[>DS !M4 ,*OOS+ ACTION & SETT+ PRIORITIES ACCORD+ TO !SE OBJECTIVES4 ,CLE>LY ?IS IMPLIES ?AT !RE WILL BE ACTIVITIES ?AT WE WILL NOT UND]TAKE1 EV5TS 9 :I* WE WILL NOT P>TICIPATE4 ,!Y CAN BE IMPORTANT & EV5 SPECTACUL>1 BUT !Y %\LD BE DISREG>D$ IF !Y DO NOT FALL )9 ! 9T5TIONS = ! /AGE ( \R PROGRAM4 ,9 O!R CASES WE WILL BE ! ABSOLUTE M9ORITY OR HAVE MAJOR COMPLICATIONS 9 ACTIVITIES ?AT MAT* \R OBJECTIVES4 ,*OOS+ :AT WE LIKE BE/ OR :AT GIVES US ! LEA/ COMPLICATIONS IS NOT ! RI<T POLITICS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! V>I\S /RUGGLES1 EXP]I5CES1 DEM&S = IMPROVEM5TS OR DEF5SE ( VICTORIES ?AT MOBILIZE ! POPULATION MU/ C\NT ON \R P>TICIPATION4 ,OBVI\SLY PRIORITIZ+ ?OSE ?AT >E MO/ COMBATIVE & HAVE ! MO/ APPROPRIATE SOCIAL S5SIBILITY4 

,H[EV]1 JU/ BE+ PRES5T IS ( NO USE - Y\ MU/ BE PRES5T ) AN 09T5TION40 ,BECAUSE ( ! MAJOR *ANGES ?AT OCCUR 9 ! SOCIAL SITUATION IT IS CONV5I5T TO E/ABLI% %ORT-T]M PROGRAMS ?AT DO NOT CONTRADICT :AT WAS PLANN$ = ! M$IUM T]M1 LET ALONE ! C5TRAL LONG-T]M OBJECTIVES4 ,IT IS ALSO RELEVANT TO SET DEADL9ES AS IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO EVALUATE ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( A JOB AFT] A FEW MON?S OR EV5 A YE> AFT] COMPLETION4 ,!RE >E TASKS ?AT TAKE SOME TIME TO BE> FRUIT4 ,:AT IS ACCOMPLI%$ ONLY FROM A N>R[ %ORT-T]M P]SPECTIVE1 SOME?+ OCCASIONAL1 5DS UP HAV+ LITTLE OR NO RESULT4 ,POLITICAL-SOCIAL ACCUMULATION IS A COMPLEX TASK ?AT DEP5DS ON SEV]AL FACTORS4 ,9 TIME1 HITS & MISSES1 CORRECTIONS & REIT]ATIONS >E COMB9$4 

,9 RELATION TO A C]TA9 CULTURE ?AT HAS BE5 SPREAD+ WE CAN SAY ?AT CREATIVITY DOES NOT MEAN *ANG+ ! PROJECT EV]Y H\R1 BUT 09V5T+0 & R5EW+ IT )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( DET]M9$ OBJECTIVES & ME?ODICAL TASKS ?AT HAVE REGUL>ITY4 ,ONE ?+ IS CREATION1 ANO!R IS 9/ABILITY4 ,A PROJECT ( A C]TA9 P]IOD REQUIRES P]SEV]ANCE1 REGUL>ITY & /ABILITY4 ,! ISSUE ( REGUL>ITY MU/ BE EMPHASIZ$1 AS :AT REMA9S IS EV]YDAY WORK2 ! CONT9UITY ( AN E/ABLI%$ /RATEGY 9 :I* ! DIFF]5T TASKS >E F9ALLY CONV]G5T4 ,C>RY+ \T M]ELY OCCASIONAL & EPISODIC ACTIVITIES & TASKS LEADS NO:]E4 

,CAN ONE ?9K ( A TIME-FRAME = \R PROGRAM RI<T N[8 

  

,! PROGRAM MU/ CON/ANTLY ASSESS \R /R5G?1 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT \R MILITANT CAPACITY4 ,! DI/RIBUTION ( EF=T %\LD BE BAS$ ON ?IS CAPACITY2 ALL E/ABLI%$ OBJECTIVES MU/ BE RELAT$ TO ?IS CAPACITY4 ,! PROGRAM NOT ONLY COMPRISES ! >TICULATION ( EXT]NAL WORK1 BUT MU/ ALSO 5COMPASS 9T]NAL WORK4 ,! TIMES & ACTIVITIES ( !SE TWO PLANES %\LD BE >TICULAT$ SY/EMATICALLY4 ,NEGLECT+ ! TASKS 9 EI!R ( !SE PLANES CAUSES A P>TICUL>LY DELICATE HYP]TROPHY4 ,C>E MU/ BE TAK5 TO 5SURE ?AT ALL ACTIVITIES FUNCTION 9 A COH]5T MANN]4 

,! 0VESSEL0 ?AT EMBRACES ! FRUITS ( MILITANT WORK IS ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 & IT CANNOT BE RELEGAT$ TO ! BACKGR\ND4 ,IT UNITES EF=TS & GIVES CONT9UITY & MEAN+ TO ACTION4 ,IT IS ! VESSEL ?AT EMBRACES A PURPOSE ( TRANS=MATION1 DRIVES ! GR[? ( COMBATIVE & TRANS=MATIVE CONSCI\SNESS 9 ! POPULATION & 5DURES ITS [N *ANGES :5 C>RY+ \T ?IS TASK4 ,IF \R =CE & \R EXT]NAL PRES5CE GR[ WE MU/1 AT ! SAME TIME1 HAVE A SPECIFIC ORGANIZATION ) A =CE ?AT IS PROPORTIONAL TO ITS 9S]TION 9 POPUL> MOVEM5TS & ! SPH]E ( SOCIAL RELATIONS4 

,! ORGANIZATIONAL =MS CAPABLE ( EMBRAC+ SU* A V>I$ MILITANT WORK PROCESS IS SOME?+ COMPLEX & REQUIRES A BALANCE ( \R =CES )9 ! FRAMEWORKS ( ! /RATEGY & ! PROJECT ADOPT$2 A PROJECT ?AT CAN BE %ORT- OR M$IUM-T]M4 

,/AGE ( RESI/ANCE 

  

,SOCIAL1 POLITICAL & IDEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS SEEM TO 9DICATE ?AT WE >E NOT 9 A REVOLUTION>Y /AGE1 NOR EV5 ( COMBATIVE ACCUMULATION4 ,PR(\ND TRANS=MATIONS 9 ! %ORT- & M$IUM-T]M >E NOT ON ! HORIZON4 ,?IS /ATEM5T IS IMPORTANT NOT 9 ORD] TO HAVE A !ORETICAL & AB/RACT DISCUSSION1 BUT TO ELABORATE \R PRACTICE TODAY4 ,FROM ?IS !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL P]SPECTIVE WE CAN SAY ?AT1 TODAY1 WE >E 9 A /AGE ( RESI/ANCE4 ,:5 WE SET ?IS G5]AL L9E WE >E NOT DISC\NT+ ! >M$ /RUGGLE ( ! LEG5D>Y ,COLOMBIAN GU]RILLAS OR ! CREATIVE & VIGOR\S ,ZAPATI/A MOVEM5T1 :I* HAS CLE> & 9NOVATIVE REVOLUTION>Y PROPOSITIONS4 

,ONE ( \R DOCUM5TS SAID ! FOLL[+3 0,RESI/ANCE1 !RE=E1 = ?IS /AGE4 ,TO /R5G!N /RUGGLES1 RAISE SPIRITS1 REGA9 CONFID5CE 9 \R [N =CES1 ?9K ( A JU/ TOMORR[1 CREATE A COLLECTIVE ALT]NATIVE1 COMBAT 9DIVIDUALISM & DEFEATISM1 RESCUE SOLID>ITY1 G5]ATE NEW REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITIES40 ,WE HAVE TO WORK TO 5SURE ?AT ALL PRACTICES >E CONSI/5T ) ! E/ABLI%$ PLAN4 ,?AT IS1 SOCIAL & POLITICAL PRACTICES ?AT >E 9 L9E ) ANO!R MOM5T ( SOCIETY %\LD NOT COEXI/ ) PRACTICES CORRESPOND+ TO ?IS HI/ORICAL MOM5T DUE TO ! 9]TIA ( ! PA/4 ,?IS DIFF]5CE CAN CREATE CONFUSION & IMPACT ON ! SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T4 ,EV5 IF WE %>E ! SAME OBJECTIVE ( REVOLUTION>Y 9T5TION ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT WE %\LD KEEP REPEAT+ ! SAME /RATEGIES2 WE CANNOT IMPORT MODELS US$ 9 PREVI\S SITUATIONS ?AT W]E UNIQUE4 

,:Y A /RATEGY ( POPUL> P[]8 ,& :AT P[]8 

  

,I MU/ N[ ANSW] AS TO :Y A /RATEGY ( POPUL> P[] IS IMPORTANT = POPUL> MOVEM5TS4 ,9 FACT1 ?IS /RATEGY IS IMPORTANT = BO? POPUL> MOVEM5TS & ! AN>*I/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 

,\R LIB]T>IAN IDEA ( P[] HAS ITS F\NDATIONS 9 ! !ORETICAL & POLITICAL CONCEPTIONS ?AT W]E DEVELOP$ BY ,BAKUN9 ) SU* LUCIDITY1 EV5 =ESEE+ ! FUTURE4 ,HE C\LD NOT =ESEE ! POSSIBILITIES ( RUPTURE & ! CREATION ( A NEW CIVILIZATION -- AS MANY MILITANTS ( ?AT TIME CALL$ ! NEW WORLD !Y S\<T TO BUILD -- )\T ! DE/RUCTION ( ! CAPITALI/ /ATE1 )\T POPUL> ACTION & P>TICIPATION4 ,BAKUN9 SAID ?+S LIKE ?IS3 

0,FREE ORGANIZATION WILL OCCUR AFT] ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE4 

  

,SOCIETY CAN & MU/ />T ITS [N ORGANIZATION :I*1 H[EV]1 MU/ NOT BE C>RI$ \T FROM ! TOP D[N1 NOR ACCORD+ TO ANY IDEAL PLAN DESIGN$ BY A FEW WISE M5 OR PHILOSOPH]S1 NOR BY DECREE PROMULGAT$ BY SOME DICTATORIAL P[]1 OR EV5 BY A ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY ELECT$ ?R\< UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,SU* A SY/EM1 AS HAS BE5 SAID1 W\LD 9EVITABLY LEAD TO ! =MATION ( A GOV]NM5T >I/OCRACY1 ?AT IS1 A CLASS ( PEOPLE :O HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! POPUL> MASSES2 & ?IS CLASS W\LD SURELY GO BACK TO EXPLOIT+ & SUBJECT+ ! MASSES UND] ! PRETEXT ( COMMON WELF>E OR ! SALVATION ( ! /ATE4 .<444.> ,9 REALITY1 :AT DO WE SEE 9 HI/ORY8 ,?AT ! /ATE HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! PATRIMONY ( A PRIVILEG$ CLASS40 

,FROM ! PRES5T1 BUT MODIFY+ PRACTICES & LOGIC 

  

,IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ! TRANSITION TO A DIFF]5T SOCIETY MU/ BEG9 TO BE MADE )9 ?IS SY/EM4 ,BUT EXP]I5CE TELLS US ?AT !RE >E MEANS1 ORI5TATIONS1 9/RUM5TS1 9/ITUTIONS & =MS ( ORGANIZATION ?AT MU/ BE AB&ON$ IF WE >E TO CON/RUCT SOCIAL =CES CAPABLE ( PRODUC+ REAL TRANS=MATIONS 9 ! CONT5TS & =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,?IS IS AN 9DISP5SABLE ALT]NATIVE IF WE WANT TO BUILD A DIFF]5T SOCIETY ?AT SEEKS TO MODIFY ! COLLECTION ( SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT EXI/ 9 A GIV5 SOCIETY4 

,!RE IS EXT5SIVE EXP]I5CE REG>D+ ATTEMPTS TO *OOSE %ORT CUTS1 BASICALLY ?OSE ( A /ATI/ TYPE1 ON ! P>T ( SOCIALISM & MOVEM5TS ?AT CLAIM$ TO WANT TO OV]COME CAPITALISM4 ,ALL ?IS 9 ! NAME ( REALISM1 ( ! NE$ TO SEE ! PROCESS ( TRANS=MATION PRAGMATICALLY1 TO *OOSE SUPPOS$ PA?S ?AT1 AS WAS >GU$1 C\LD RECONCILE ASPIRATIONS = TRANS=MATION & ! ME*ANISMS ( SY/EMIC REPRODUCTION 9 \R FAVOR4 

,!Y TOLD US IT IS POSSIBLE TO BE 9SIDE !SE SAME CIRCUITS ( P[] -- HI/ORICALLY CON/ITUT$ TO 5SURE GREAT] EFFECTIV5ESS ( DOM9ATION -- &1 ?R\< !M1 TO WORK & PRODUCE POLITICS 9 ! DIRECTION ( *ANGES ?AT1 GRADUALLY1 W\LD SUFFOCATE ?AT DOM9ANT *ANNEL ITSELF1 9 :I* WE W\LD BE 9S]T$ & BY :I* WE W\LD BE 9FLU5C$ DAILY4 ,9 T]MS ( LOGIC ?IS IS SOME?+ QUITE POOR4 

,:AT HI/ORY DEMON/RATES1 AS DO RIGOR\S !ORETICAL WORKS1 IS ?AT !SE APP>ATUSES ( P[] ABSORB & MAKE FUNCTIONAL ?AT :I* CIRCULATES )9 !M4 ,IT ALSO SEEMS CLE> ?AT ONE CANNOT CONCEIVE QUE/IONS CONTR>Y TO ! LOGIC ( ! SY/EM BY MEANS ( IT4 

,?IS :OLE 9/ITUTIONAL BODY1 ALL !SE ME*ANISMS >E NOT EMPTY2 MORE ?AN ?AT1 !Y >E FULL4 ,FULL ( CON/ANT PRODUCTIONS 9 FAVOR ( MA9TA9+1 REPRODUC+ & RECREAT+ ?IS K9D ( SOCIAL ORD]4 ,IT DOES NOT 9 ANY WAY SEEM TO BE A GOOD /RATEGY TO *OOSE !SE WAYS1 !SE PLACES & !SE R\TES ?AT HAVE A MA/] &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ! P[] TO /AMP !IR M>K ON EV]Y?+ ?AT =MS P>T ( !M4 

0,SOCIETY CAN & MU/ BEG9 ITS [N REORGANIZATION10 SAYS ,BAKUN9 9 ! MAT]IAL QUOT$ ABOVE4 ,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT !RE IS A S]IES ( ACTIVITIES ?AT CAN & %\LD BE C>RI$ \T RI<T N[1 )9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES4 ,SOCIAL & POLITICAL ACTIVITIES ?AT 5ABLE ! EX]CISE ( P>TICIPATION & RESOLV+ ! POPULATION'S PROBLEMS4 ,!SE ACTIVITIES PRODUCE NOTIONS & EXP]I5CES ?AT 9CREASE AW>5ESS & CONFID5CE 9 \R [N /R5G?S4 

,! MORE POPUL> P>TICIPATION HAS DEVELOP$ 9 ! /AGE PRIOR TO ! FUNDAM5TAL TRANS=MATIONS1 ! GREAT] WILL BE ! POSSIBILITIES = =MS ( ORGANIZATION ?AT MOVE T[>DS AU!NTIC SOCIALISM4 

,EV5 SO1 WE MU/ KEEP 9 M9D SOME?+ ?AT SEEMS TO HAVE A BASIS3 ! DISRUPTION ( A SY/EM OP5S UP NEW POSSIBILITIES1 GIV+ RISE TO NEW COMB9ATIONS ?AT HAD NOT PREVI\SLY PRES5T$ !MSELVES4 ,= ?IS REASON1 ! LIMITS CANNOT BE OBS]V$ ONLY FROM A NOTION ( HORIZON ?AT IS PRES5T$ BE=E US TODAY4 ,FAC$ ) SOME *ANGES1 POSSIBILITIES MU/ >ISE ?AT PREVI\SLY C\LD NOT EV5 BE IMAG9$4 ,!RE >E SITUATIONS1 PRODUC$ BY A PROCESS ( RUPTURE1 ?AT G5]ATE DISCONT9UITIES ) A P>T ( :AT EXI/S & E/ABLI% A NEW SC5>IO4 ,!Y >E NOT MAGIC 0JUMPS10 BUT >E RELAT$ TO :AT PREC$ES !M4 ,H[EV]1 IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT !SE POSSIBLE SITUATIONS CANNOT SURPRISE US2 9 T]MS ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION WE MU/ BE TE*NICALLY PREP>$ = SU* EV5TS 9 CASE !Y %\LD OCCUR4 

,POPUL> P[] & RUPTURE 

  

,5SUR+ ! VIABILITY ( IMPLANT+ POPUL> P[]1 ACCORD+ TO :AT WE DEF9E & FROM \R LIB]T>IAN P]SPECTIVE1 IMPLIES1 9 /RATEGIC T]MS1 A DET]M9$ DEF9ITION ( REVOLUTION>Y RUPTURE4 ,?IS DEF9ITION CON/ITUTES ONE ( ! FUNDAM5TAL CORES ( ! /RATEGIC DEBATE ( ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN LEFT TODAY1 AS !RE >E PROPOSALS ?AT DO NOT PO9T TO ! EMP[]M5T ( ! PEOPLE1 BUT SEEK !IR ADH]5CE & *ANNEL !IR COMBATIVE 5]GY & !IR DESIRE = TRANS=MATION 9TO ! CLASSIC WAYS1 ?AT IS1 9TO ! 9/ITUTIONALISM ( ! SY/EM ( DOM9ATION4 

,! AUTONOMY ( ?IS PROCESS ( POPUL> P[] DEP5DS AS MU* ON ! C\RSE ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS CAN FOLL[1 AS ON ! CONCRETE *>ACT]I/ICS ASSUM$ BY ! ACTIONS TO CONFRONT ! SY/EM4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 WE CONCEIVE ( ?IS TASK AS AN EFFECTIVE ACCUMULATION ( ! PEOPLE2 CREAT+ !IR [N ORGANIZATIONAL 9/ANCES1 NEW =MS1 9DEP5D5T 9/ITUTIONS1 NEW ME*ANISMS ?AT MAKE REVOLUTION>Y RUPTURE ?AT HAS A POPUL> BASE POSSIBLE4 

,!RE IS NO D\BT1 & HI/ORY ITSELF HAS %[N1 ?AT ! POSSIBILITIES = SOCIALI/ CON/RUCTION GR[ /RONG] BY ! EXT5T TO :I* !RE IS POPUL> P>TICIPATION & WEAK5 IF REBELLI\S EV5TS >E CONCEIV$ SOLELY TO *ANGE ?OSE :O CONTROL ! /RUCTURES ( DOM9ATION4 

,WE KN[ ?AT :AT HAS BE5 SAID H]E HAS A PRECISE & V]Y G5]AL PURPOSE2 H[EV]1 ?IS IS NECESS>Y TO CL>IFY AN ORI5TATION ( MILITANT WORK4 ,ANO!R RELEVANT !ME IS H[ TO PLACE ?IS QUE/ION ( POPUL> P[] 9 ! CONCRETE =MATIONS ( \R ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA TODAY1 9 ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL ACTIVITIES !MSELVES4 

,! PROTAGONISM ( ?OSE FROM BEL[ & !IR P[] 

  

,WE DEF9E P[] AS A CAPACITY TO ACCOMPLI% SOME?+ & NOT AS REPRESSION4 ,9 ?IS P>TICUL> CASE1 ! ABILITY ( A PEOPLE TO REALIZE !IR V>I\S 9T]E/S & TO CON/ITUTE = !MSELVES A =M ( ORGANIZATION ?AT IS F\ND$ ON O!R BASES1 ON VALUES DIFF]5T TO ! EXI/+ ONES1 & :I* LEGITIMATELY 5SURE SOLID>ITY1 FRE$OM & JU/ICE4 

,P[]1 ?US DEF9$ - NO MATT] H[ MU* IT IS CONCEIV$ TO FUNCTION 9 COMPLEX SOCIETIES & AT TE*NOLOGICAL LEVELS ?AT >E NOT AT ALL SIMPLE - DOES NOT EQUATE1 AT ANY MOM5T1 TO ! CONCEPT ( GOV]NM5T4 ,I WILL GIVE SOME EXAMPLES TO MAKE ?IS IDEA CLE>]4 ,POPUL> P[] IS CONCRETIZ$ 9 ! CONTROL ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION ( GOODS 7FACTORIES1 FIELDS1 M9ES1 ETC471 ! MASS M$IA 7NEWSPAP]S1 RADIOS1 TELEVISION *ANNELS1 9=MATION 9 G5]AL71 S]VICES 7TRANSPORT1 5]GY1 SANITATION WORKS1 COMMUNICATIONS1 ETC471 DECISION-MAK+ ME*ANISMS 7RESE>*1 SCI5TIFIC WORK7 & ( ! CORRESPOND+ MEANS AT ! POLITICAL LEVEL1 ( COLLECTIVELY E/ABLI%$ 0LEGAL0 9/RUM5TS1 IDEOLOGICAL /RUCTURES1 $UCATION PLANS1 DIFF]5T CULTURAL MANIFE/ATIONS4 ,?IS CONTROL IS ( ! PEOPLE-COLLECTIVE1 E/ABLI%$ BY ORGANS & 9/ITUTIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 DEVELOP$ DUR+ ! PROCESS & AT ! MOM5T ( ASSUM+ P[]4 ,& ?IS WILL DEP5D ON AN >TICULATION BETWE5 ! 0UPP]0 & 0L[]0 P>TS1 ( :I* ,BAKUN9 SPEAKS1 )\T AU?ORIT>IANISM OR HI]>*Y4 

,IT IS C]TA9LY NOT AB\T ! 5D ( HI/ORY1 NOR DOES IT MEAN ! 5D ( ! IDEOLOGICAL /RUGGLE &1 P]HAPS1 ( O!RS4,!RE WILL /ILL BE MANY <O/S ( ! PA/1 A CAPILL>Y P[]1 DISSEM9AT$ ?R\<\T SOCIETY1 :I* CAN REPRODUCE ! SY/EM'S VALUES & 9/ITUTIONS4 ,9 ADDITION1 ALL ! AFFECT$ CIRCUITS WILL BE WORN \T 9 ?IS FIR/ /AGE ( PR(\ND TRANS=MATION4 

,! COMPLEX NATURE ( P[] OBLIGES US TO ADOPT EQUALLY COMPLEX /RATEGIC L9ES4 ,9 ! FACE ( AN E/ABLI%$ /RATEGY ( P[]1 DESIGN$ TO P]PETUATE IT1 ONE MU/ OPPOSE IT ) A /RATEGY ( ! OPPRESS$ CLASSES AIM$ AT CON/RUCT+ A POPUL> P[] ?AT 5SURES A BETT] & FAIR FUNCTION+ ( ! :OLE ( SOCIETY4 ,! CONCRETIZATION ( POPUL> P[] REQUIRES ! PREP>ATION ( ! ORGANIZATIONS ( ! OPPRESS$ CLASSES D$ICAT$ TO ASSUM+ IT1 & ! CONSOLIDATION ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS ) !IR CORRESPOND+ ROLE4 ,?IS IS NECESS>Y BECAUSE BUILD+ POPUL> P[] DOES NOT MEAN CONQU]+1 ?R\< ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL =CE ( ! OPPRESS$1 ! CON/ITUTIVE ELEM5TS ( P[] & ?AT1 IMM$IATELY AFT] ! WORK ( RUPTURE1 !Y MEET ALL SOCIAL NE$S4 

,F9ALLY1 IT IS NOT SIMPLY A MATT] ( UPROOT+ ! RUL+ CLASSES ( TODAY'S C5TRALIZ$ GLOBAL P[]2 BUT ( DISSEM9AT+ IT1 DEC5TRALIZ+ IT 9TO POPUL> ORGANIZATIONS1 TRANS=M+ IT 9TO SOME?+ ELSE4 ,MAK+ IT CON=M TO A NEW POLITICAL & SOCIAL /RUCTURE4 

,! POPUL> P[] EX]CIS$ BY ! WORK]S & ! PEOPLE 9 AMPLY DEMOCRATIC & P>TICIPATORY BODIES CONTROLL$ BY !M WILL ASSUME ?IS CONTROL1 APPROPRIAT+ ! TUTEL>Y FUNCTIONS EX]CIS$ BY ! /ATE SPH]E4 ,!RE=E1 A /RATEGY ( POPUL> P[] MU/ HAVE AS ITS ESS5TIAL PREMISE ! CON/RUCTION ( !SE BODIES1 & ?IS IS A FUNDAM5TAL POLITICAL TASK ?AT MU/ BE GIV5 PRIORITY RI<T N[4 ,IT WILL DET]M9E :E!R ! FUTURE WILL BE REVOLUTION>Y & SOCIALI/ OR NOT4 ,= ?IS REASON1 ! DEFEAT ( ! CAPITALI/ & AU?ORIT>IAN ORD] & ! BUILD+ ( A LEGITIMATE POPUL> P[] IS BE+ C>RI$ \T ON A DAILY BASIS1 DUE TO ! WAY 9 :I* POLITICAL & SOCIAL WORK IS P]MAN5TLY ORI5T$ & CONCRETIZ$4 

,WE MU/1 !RE=E1 CREATE OR RECREATE1 /R5G!N & CONSOLIDATE WORK]S' & POPUL> ORGANIZATIONS1 ( ALL ! OPPRESS$1 & DEF5D !IR PROTAGONISM AS A MEANS TO F]TILIZE1 BIT-BY-BIT1 ! ONLY POSSIBLE SOCIALISM4 ,A SOCIALISM ?AT IS F\ND$ ON FRE$OM1 9 :I* ALL ! TE*NICAL & SCI5TIFIC ADVANCES WE KN[ TODAY >E PLAC$ AT ! S]VICE ( A MORE SUITABLE SOCIAL FUNCTION+ ?AT B5EFITS ALL HUMAN BE+S1 ! PEOPLE 9 G5]AL4 

,! TEA*+S ( CAPITALISM & ! CAUSE ( ?OSE FROM BEL[ 

  

,! LA/ C5TURY ( CAPITALISM & ( PEOPLE'S /RUGGLES1 9 P>TICUL>1 LEFT MU* MAT]IAL = REFLECTION & /UDY4 ,IT TAU<T US ?AT ! SY/EM HAS A V]Y GREAT CAPACITY TO DEVELOP1 TO CIRCUMV5T ITS DIFFICULTIES & TO DIGE/ ITS 9TE/9AL /RUGGLES4 ,IT TAU<T US1 TOO1 ?AT DEVIANT PRACTICES DO NOT CAUSE IT DEEP CRISES & CAN EV5 CON/ITUTE LIFE-GIV+ ELEM5TS ?AT 5SURE ITS IMPROVEM5T & *ANGES 9 ! DOM9ANT P[]1 9CLUD+ AT ! IMP]IAL LEVEL4 

,EV]Y?+ SEEMS TO 9DICATE ?AT SU* A SY/EM DOES NOT COMMIT SUICIDE & ?AT WE CANNOT EXPECT ITS 9T]NAL PROCESS TO MAKE LIFE EASI] = US2 ?IS PROCESS DOES NOT CREATE ELEM5TS ?AT ACCEL]ATE ! >RIVAL ( SOCIALISM4 ,ITS :OLE /RATEGY ( EXI/5CE IS CONTR>Y TO ! NECESS>Y F\NDATIONS = A SOCIETY BAS$ ON O!R SOCIAL RELATIONS & CONCEIV$ 9 SOCIALI/ T]MS4 ,! POPUL> P[] ( :I* WE SPEAK IS CONCEIV$ 9 T]MS ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM4 

,! DEVICES1 ME*ANISMS1 9/ITUTIONS1 HABITS1 BEHAVIORS1 ! IDEAS ?AT FLOOD SOCIAL LIFE1 ! V]Y WAY ( 5VISAG+ ! PRODUCTION ( GOODS & S]VICES1 ITS RELATION TO NATURE -- ALL ( ?IS HAS TO BE TURN$ UPSIDE D[N TO 5ABLE ANO!R =M ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,?IS SOCIAL & ORGANIC UNIV]SE DOES NOT PRODUCE ANY?+ USEFUL = ?OSE FROM BEL[4 ,! OLD IDEAS ( PROGRESS 9CREAS+ ) CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T HAVE BE5 BURI$ BY HI/ORY1 ALONG ) A HO/ ( O!R P>ADIGMS4 

,WE USE ! CONCEPT ( 0?OSE FROM BEL[0 OR 0PEOPLE0 9 A V]Y PRECISE S5SE4 ,IT HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! CONCEPT ( 0CIVIL SOCIETY10 :I* MAKES A BLANK SLATE ( ! CLASSES & ! CLASS FRACTIONS ?AT EXI/ )9 !M4 ,?IS 0CIVIL SOCIETY0 :I* EXCLUDES ! DOM9ANT P[] /RUCTURES ?AT CIRCULATE ?R\<\T IT & ?AT ALSO PROP UP ! SY/EM4 ,?IS 0CIVIL SOCIETY0 :I* EQUATES DIFF]5T 9T]E/S :ILE ABDUCT+ & MASK+ A BRUTAL REALITY4 

,\R POLITICAL OBLIGATION N[ 

  

,ACCORD+ TO ! MODEL ( SOCIETY WE WANT TO BUILD1 \R ACTION TODAY & ON ! TOMORR[ ( TRANSITION MU/ TAKE PLACE ON TWO 9T]DEP5D5T & 9DIVISIBLE AXES3 POPUL> P[] & SPECIFIC POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 

,REG>D+ ! FIR/1 AS ,I SAID1 EV]Y ACT ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 ( P>TICIPATION1 EV]Y SELF-MANAG$ 9/ANCE CON/ITUTES A CONTRIBUTION TO ?IS CON/RUCTION4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO ACKN[L$GE ! LESSON ( HI/ORY ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO REA* A SOCIETY ( SOCIALISM & FRE$OM )\T A /RONG POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ?AT IS EMB$D$ 9 ! REALITY ( ITS TIME4 ,! COMPLEXITY SURR\ND+ A PROCESS ( TRANS=MATION DEM&S A HI< LEVEL ( UND]/&+ ( SOCIAL ME*ANISMS4 

,IT REQUIRES PROCE$+ ) A LONG-T]M GOAL-DIRECT$ PROJECT & ) A FLEXIBILITY ?AT ALL[S IT TO BE ABLE TO OP]ATE 9 V>I\S CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,POS+ & SOLV+ PROBLEMS1 PLANN+ P]IODS ( ACTION1 BE+ AW>E ( *ANGES1 E/IMAT+ Y\R [N =CES1 ! =CES ( ! 5EMY & ( SPECIFIC ALLIES4 ,DEVELOP+ AN ANALYTICAL CAPACITY TO VISUALIZE EV5TS SO AS TO BE ABLE TO OP]ATE MORE EFFECTIVELY4 ,WORK+ = TE*NICAL & POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T ?AT P]MITS A RELEVANT FOCUS4 

,SOCIALISM DEM&S ANO!R PA?1 ANO!R PRODUCTION 

  

,I WILL BRIEFLY 5T] SOME:AT PRET5TI\S PA?S4 ,SO1 :AT IS ! PA? TODAY8 ,Y\ CAN ASK ?IS QUE/ION1 :I* IS A CORRECT QUE/ION4 

,IT SEEMS ?AT ! HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE ( ! LA/ HALF C5TURY 9DICATES A PO9T ( DEP>TURE1 :I* IS NOT TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! H>D CORE ( ! SY/EM ) ! AIM ( TRANS=MATION4 ,NOT TO *OOSE ELEM5TS ?AT HAVE REPRODUCTIVE =CE ) ! AIM ( CREAT+ SOME?+ TOTALLY DIFF]5T4 ,IT SEEMS TO BE NECESS>Y TO /RATEGICALLY SEEK \T ! PO9TS :]E ! SY/EM IS MO/ VULN]ABLE1 :]E ITS CONTROL IS RELATIVE & IT HAS WEAKNESSES1 AS DOES A 0VIRUS10 &1 9 ?IS WAY1 TO /R5G!N ! REACTIONS & RESI/ANCES ?AT OPPRESSIVE POLITICS >\SES 9 SOCIAL ZONES NOT 5TIRELY CONTROLL$ BY ! SY/EM4 

,ONE CAN RI<TLY ASK3 ,CONCRETELY1 :AT DOES ?IS MEAN8 ,AN 9ITIAL & SYN!TIC RESPONSE BR+S US CLOS] TO A V]Y IMPORTANT SUBJECT1 :I* ,I WILL ONLY BRIEFLY ADDRESS4 

,! SY/EM DOES NOT ONLY REPRODUCE ITS FUNDAM5TAL RELATION%IPS4 ,BY BAS+ ITSELF ON DOM9ATION1 EXPLOITATION1 ! PURSUIT ( ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE PR(IT1 9HUMAN COMPETITION1 ATROCI\S 9DIVIDUALISM1 ! M>KET AS ITS GREAT GOD1 ! CON/ANT PHYSICAL OR PSY*OLOGICAL REPRESSION ( OPPRESS$ AG5TS1 CONC5TRATION ( WEAL? & P[] 9 A RUL+ CLASS1 ON A 0CULTURAL0 9DU/RY ?AT TRANSMITS VALUES ?IS SY/EM PRODUCES AT ! SAME TIME1 ALBEIT 9VOLUNT>ILY1 ANO!R UNIV]SE1 ANO!R SITUATION4 

,!RE >E A HUGE NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O >E EXCLUD$ FROM ! BASIC 5JOYM5T ( GOODS & S]VICES1 & MO/ ( HUMANITY IS WALK+ T[>DS MIS]Y & IS 9CREAS+LY EXCLUD$4 ,?IS UNIV]SE1 :I* 9CLUDES ?OSE :O >E DEPRIV$ ( EV]Y?+ 79DIG5CE71 ALMO/ EV]Y?+ 7POV]TY71 OR :O HAVE V]Y RE/RICT$ ACCESS TO ?AT TO :I* !Y ASPIRE 7L[] MIDDLE CLASS7 MAKES UP #h.0 ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION TODAY4 

,9 ?IS UNIV]SE !RE HAVE BE5 V>I\S CULTURAL *ANGES4 ,SURVIVAL ME*ANISMS1 ORIG9AL =MS ( MUTUAL AID1 EXP]I5CE ) TRANSI5T =MS ( WORK4 ,9 SU* CONDITIONS ( DAILY EXI/5CE NEW TE*NIQUES EM]GE1 NEW WAYS ( ?9K+ & FEEL+1 AS WELL AS MANY BEHAVIORS ?AT >E NOT DESIR$ BY & >E COMBAT$ BY ! SY/EM4 ,IT IS A WORLD ?AT DOES NOT BELIEVE 9 C]TA9 DISC\RSES1 9/ITUTIONS1 SOCIAL & POLITICAL PRACTICES1 & 9 :I* !RE >E DIFF]5T LEVELS ( *ANGES 9 NOTIONS ( JU/ICE & RI<TS2 *ANGES ?AT DI/ANCE !MSELVES FROM E/ABLI%$ POSITIONS4 

,) ?IS ANO!R HI/ORICAL SUBJECT IS PRODUC$1 BO? 9 P]SONAL & COLLECTIVE T]MS4 ,?IS PROCESS 9VOLVES ! A=EM5TION$ MILITANT WORK1 AL?\< !RE >E O!RS ( GREAT] 9T5SITY & VOLUME :I* MU/ NOT ONLY HAVE \R ATT5TION BUT ALSO1 IF POSSIBLE1 BE =ESE5 9 \R ANALYZES4 

,!RE >E MOM5TS :5 LOTS ( SOCIAL PROBLEMS >E COND5S$ & SOCIAL RESPONSES & MOBILIZATIONS ( DIFF]5T =CES & SIGNIFICANCE EM]GE4 ,!SE >E MOM5TS ( DIRECT ACTION ?AT 5ABLE COMBATIVE SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T & POLITICS 9 L9E ) \R IDEAS4 ,DEP5D+ ON H[ WE 9T]V5E 9 !SE CONTEXTS1 WE WILL EM]GE MORE OR LESS /R5G!N$4 ,!RE >E ABUNDANT EXAMPLES ( POPUL> UPRIS+S 9 \R ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA ?AT OP5 UP CRACKS ?AT CAN BE PRES]V$ & DEEP5$ OR1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 BE CLOS$ BACK UP BY ! SY/EM4 

,! FLUIDITY ( A PA? 

  

,! TIM+ ( PROCESSES CANNOT BE DET]M9$ ONLY BY \R WILL4 ,?AT IS :Y WE HAVE BE5 TALK+ AB\T ! NE$ = A NEW WAY ( DO+ POLITICS1 ( BUILD+ A /RONG PEOPLE1 ( >TICULAT+ !SE TWO 9/ANCES 9 A COH]5T FRONT4 

,IT IS ALSO RELEVANT1 9 ! SAME WAY1 ?AT ! /RATEGY1 AT ITS DIFF]5T LEVELS1 & TACTICS HAVE A RELATION%IP ( RECIPROCAL 9FLU5CE - S9CE ! TACTICS MU/ EXI/ )9 ! /RATEGY1 :I* IS C>RI$ \T ?R\< !M4 ,AL?\< !Y CON/ITUTE DI/9CT SPH]ES BO? MU/ BE P]MAN5TLY CONNECT$4 ,! /RATEGY FRAMES G5]AL SPH]ES1 ACTION GUIDES1 FUNDAM5TAL COORD9ATES2 ! TACTICS %\LD ZIGZAG ACCORD+ TO ! FLUIDITY ( CONCRETE HI/ORICAL ACTION4 ,BUT ?IS ZIGZAG MU/ BE DONE )9 C]TA9 B\ND>IES & ) C]TA9 CONT5TS -- O!RWISE NO PROJECT ( TRANS=MATION IS ACCOMPLI%$4 ,/RATEGY & TACTICS 9VOLVE DIFF]5T PRACTICES & Y\ CANNOT CONSID] !M AS SOME?+ SIMIL> OR BE UNAW>E ( !IR S+UL>ITIES1 ! SPH]E ?AT EA* ONE 5COMPASSES ) GREAT] POSSIBILITIES4 

,R$UC+ PR9CIPLES TO TACTICS )\T ! CORRESPOND+ 0M$IATIONS0 TURNS DISC\RSE 9TO SOME?+ DECLAMATORY1 :I* MAY EV5 GIVE IT A PLEASANT E?ICAL TONE BUT ?AT CLE>LY IS NOT \R PURPOSE4 

,! BUILD+ ( 0A /RONG PEOPLE10 9 ?IS S5SE1 REQUIRES A DET]M9$ REGUL> SOCIAL WORK & A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ?AT >TICULATES ) IT1 ?AT MAKES IT ITS 0(FICE40 ,SE5 FROM AF> ?IS MAY SEEM LIKE A V]Y COMPLEX PLOT4 ,H[EV]1 :5 WE DEAL ) IT1 :5 WE UTILIZE IT & COMB9E IT ON A DAILY BASIS ) DIFF]5T EV5TS IT IS NOT4 ,9 ?IS PROCESS ! APPROPRIATE ELEM5TS = ! WORK >E G5]AT$ & FROM !SE RESULTS A SUITABLE CRAFTSMAN = ACTION ( REVOLUTION>Y 9T5TION4 ,C]TA9LY1 TO DO SO LAZ9ESS MU/ BE TOTALLY AB&ON$4 

,IT SEEMS CONV5I5T TO PO9T \T ?AT ,I WILL USE ! CONCEPT ( 0SOCIAL0 TO DESCRIBE ACTIVITIES SU* AS ?AT ( UNIONS1 COOP]ATIVES1 ISSUE-BAS$ COMMUNITY WORK1 HUMAN RI<TS1 9DIG5\S MOVEM5TS1 PEASANTS1 G5]AL & SPECIFIC !MES ( A DEM&-C5T]$ TYPE OR /RUGGLES = IMM$IATE IMPROVEM5T LIKE HEAL?1 H\S+ ETC4 

,I WILL USE ! CONCEPT ( 0POLITICAL ORGANIZATION0 TO REF] TO AN 9/ANCE ( SYN!SIS ?AT SEEKS TO 5SURE ! CONT9UITY ( ! /RATEGY1 !ORETICAL ELABORATION1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NICAL 9/ANCES1 G5]AL ORI5TATIONS 9 ! CONJUNCTURE1 ! SE>* = EFFECTIV5ESS 9 CONFRONTATIONS1 ! G5]AL VISION AB\T ! P>TIAL /RUGGLES1 ! /UDY ( ! 5EMY'S /RATEGY AT EA* MOM5T1 ! CON/ANT LE>N+ ( :AT ! POPUL> /RUGGLE 9VOLVES1 ! =M+ ( ALLIANCES FAVORABLE TO ! PROCESS4 ,?AT SEEKS TO BUILD A PROPOSAL ( SOCIAL FUNCTION+ = ! PRES5T1 = ! :OLE SOCIETY1 9 :I* A *ANGE TAKES PLACE )\T 9T]RUPTION4 

,?IS MU/ BE DONE TAK+ V]Y PRECISELY 9TO ACC\NT ! /ATE1 9 ITS CURR5T =M1 AS ! POLITICAL /RUCTURE ( ! CLASS 5EMY -- ) ALL ITS REPRESSIVE CAPACITY1 ) ALL ITS 9/ITUTIONS ( 0P]V]SE FANTASY03 ELECTIONS1 P>LIAM5TS1 ETC4 -- BUT1 AT ! SAME TIME1 BE>+ 9 M9D ?AT ! DOM9ANT P[] IS NOT ONLY F\ND 9 ! /ATE1 BUT RUNS ?R\< DIFF]5T >T]IES ( ! SOCIAL BODY4 

,?US1 ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL >E CONCEIV$ AS TWO SIMULTANE\S & PROP]LY >TICULAT$ PLANS ( ACTION BUT1 ) ITS RELATIVE 9DEP5D5CE1 EA* ONE HAS ITS [N SPECIFICITY4 ,WE >E1 !RE=E1 P>TISANS ( SIMULTANE\S WORK )9 ! SAME PROJECT3 ( ! LIB]T>IAN POLITICAL ORGANIZATION & ( WORK 9 ! :OLE SOCIAL SPH]E4 ,WE >E 9 FAVOR ( BUILD+ POPUL> P[]1 AS \R ORGANIZATION HAS DECL>$ 9 MAT]IALS PRODUC$ S9CE #a#i#f4 

,H[EV]1 ,I MU/ SAY ?AT ! FUNDAM5TAL ASPECTS ( ?IS CONCEPTION W]E =MULAT$ 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! V]Y EM]G5CE ( ! LIB]T>IAN CONCEPTION ( SOCIALISM3 ! PURSUIT ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION2 ! NOTION ( ! /ATE AS AN EXPRESSION ( ! CLASS 5EMY2 ! /RUGGLE = A SOCIETY BAS$ ON SOLID>ITY1 9 OPPOSITION TO ! CRUEL SELFI%NESS ( CAPITALISM2 ! NECESSITY ( NOT US+ ! ME*ANISMS ( ! SY/EM1 SU* AS ELECTIONS1 P>LIAM5TS1 POSITIONS 9 ! /ATE2 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 9/ITUTIONALIZATION ( ! UNIONS444 

,IT WAS !SE SOCIAL & POLITICAL PROPOSALS & PRACTICES ?AT SET A G5]AL C\RSE SO ?AT IT W\LD BE POSSIBLE TO BREAK FREE FROM ! DEADLY GRIP ( ! SY/EM1 ITS /ICKY & DECEPTIVE WEBS ?AT W]E AT TIMES SO APPEAL+ TO MANY4 ,WE US$ TO SAY AT ! TIME3 0,DO NOT 5T] ! 5EMY'S 5CLOSURES40 

,! UPP] & L[] P>T AS HOMOG5E\S SPH]ES4 ,! DE/RUCTION ( ! OLD 

  

,A REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS HAS TO BE C>RI$ \T FROM ! BOTTOM UP1 AS ,BAKUN9 SAID1 & NOT ! O!R WAY >\ND2 AS IT HAS ALMO/ ALWAYS HAPP5$4 ,IT %\LD NOT 9VOLVE HI]>*Y1 BUT SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONAL 9/ANCES ?AT >E CON/ITUT$ BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 FROM ! BOTTOM UP2 BY ?OSE :O SUFF] ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! SY/EM1 :O RESI/1 CREATE & SEEK ORGANIZATIONAL =MS TO DEF5D !MSELVES4 

,?IS REQUIRES ?AT MILITANCY PRODUCES A CULTURE = ! PROCESS ( PROPOS$ SOCIAL TRANS=MATION4 ,IT ALSO REQUIRES SOME *ANGES1 AN 9T]NALIZATION ( ! PROJECT1 A *ANGE 9 MILITANT 0/YLE0 & BEHAVIOR4 ,=1 AS A ME/IZO W\LD SAY1 0,IT IS H>D TO MAKE PUMPK9 JAM ) POTATOES40 .<#a.> 

,! TASK ( REMOV+ ! OLD1 MODIFY+ IT1 DECON/RUCT+ ITS /RUCTURE IS SOME?+ DAILY1 NOT 9T]MITT5T & EPISODIC4 ,WE CONTRIBUTE TO ! CON/ITUTION ( A P>TICUL> CONJUNCTURE & \R POSSIBILITIES = TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( IT WILL DEP5D ON :AT WE HAVE DONE BE=E4 

,?IS DAILY TASK MU/ BE C>RI$ \T 9 ! MID/ ( ! DIFF]5T POPUL> EXPRESSIONS1 SEEK+ BROAD H>MONY ) ! CONC]NS & URG5CIES ( ! PEOPLE & 5SUR+ ?AT ! NECESS>Y CONDITION = POPUL> P>TICIPATION IS PRES5T4 ,WE %\LD NOT C>RY \T SOLIT>Y PRACTICES OR OP]ATE \TSIDE POPUL> S5TIM5TS4 ,?IS WILL ONLY MAKE US ANGRY ) ! PEOPLE4 

,SU/A9+ ?IS POSITION DOES NOT IMPLY BL9DLY FOLL[+ ! HABITS IMPOS$ BY C5TURIES ( CON/RUCT+ A SUBJECT :O WAS CREAT$ = A GIV5 SY/EM1 BUT P]=M+ DAILY ACTIVITY1 MILITAT+ = ! DE/RUCTION ( !SE HABITS )9 & AMONG ! PEOPLE !MSELVES4 ,IT IMPLIES ATTACK+ ! /RUCTURES ?AT HAVE !IR G5EALOGY1 !IR UNFOLD+ & ?AT RESIDE 9 DIFF]5T 0T]RITORIES0 ( ! SY/EM4 

,IT IS A TASK TO BE P]=M$ 9 5EMY T]RITORY1 L9K$ TO MULTIPLE RESI/ANCES & /RUGGLES1 MO/ ( :I* >E >\ND IMM$IATE DEM&S1 ?AT DEM& IMPROVEM5TS1 RE=MS ( :AT EXI/S TODAY4 

,BUT1 AS \R !ORI/ ,MALATE/A RI<TLY SAID1 ! QUE/ION IS NOT ONLY TO W9 RE=MS1 BUT TO FOCUS ON ! SPIRIT 9 :I* !Y >E S\<T1 :AT ! BACKGR\ND 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS PROCESS IS4 ,HE ADD$ ?AT FI<T+ = RE=MS IS NOT ! SAME AS BE+ RE=MI/2 :AT IS BE+ BUILT 9 T]MS ( POPUL> P[] MU/ HAVE A NOR?3 SOCIALISM4 ,)\T ?IS NOR? !RE WILL BE NO EMANCIPATORY FUTURE4 

,?IS PROCESS ( BUILD+ POPUL> P[] MAY LEAD TO IMPOS+ IMPROVEM5TS & MAY NOT BE 9 L9E ) ! SOME:AT MAGICAL PREMISES ( 0! WORSE1 ! BETT]0 OR 0IT'S ALL ! SAME10 :I* OBSCURE ! SPECIFICITIES ( ! DIFF]5T PROCESSES ?AT -- EV5 ?\< !Y MAY HAVE ELEM5TS ( ! SY/EM1 & SU* IS ! CAPITALI/ WORLD -- HAVE1 AT ! SAME TIME1 S+UL>ITIES ?AT PROVIDE P>TICUL> SPACES TO BE TAK5 ADVANTAGE (4 ,IT IS NOT ! SAME ?+ TO LIVE 9 CAPITALISM UND] A DICTATOR%IP & UND] A CLASSIC B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,)\T MAK+ A VALUE JUDGM5T IT IS POSSIBLE TO SAY ?AT1 9 BO? SITUATIONS1 !RE >E SPACES = ACTION ) DIFF]5T POSSIBILITIES4 

,:Y DO AN>*I/S ALWAYS SEEK A REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS8 ,IT IS NEI!R A ROMANTIC NOR A NO/ALGIC *OICE1 BUT SOME?+ ALMO/ BLATANTLY RATIONAL4 ,?IS *OICE IS BAS$ ON A LOGIC ?AT ?IS CAPITALI/ C5TURY1 FULL ( SO MANY HORRORS1 9DICATES TO US4 ,:AT >E !SE SU* HORRIBLE ?+S ?AT DEM& SU* VA/ TRANS=MATIONS8 ,SOME DATA CAN HELP ANSW]4 

,TRANSNATIONALS1 NEOLIB]ALISM & IMP]IAL P[] 

  

,I WILL WORK ) DATA ?AT CANNOT BE CONSID]$ RADICAL & RAG+4 ,! AUDIT ?AT WAS DONE AT ! ,VI5NA ,C\NT]-,SUMMIT NOT SO LONG AGO IS UND\BT$LY 9T]E/+4 0,TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS WIELD AN 5ORM\S P[] 9 ! WORLD1 ONE ?AT AFFECTS EV]YONE'S LIFE4 ,TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS CONT9UE TO CONFRONT WORK]S1 COMMUNITIES & EV5 5TIRE REGIONS & C\NTRIES1 G5]AT+ 9HUMAN COMPETITION 9 :I* HUMAN RI<TS 5D UP BE+ UND]M9$ EV]Y:]E4 ,TRANSNATIONALS >E 9DISPUTABLE ACTORS 9 ! PROMOTION ( NEOLIB]AL IDEOLOGY1 FELL[ TRAVEL] ( '?IS GLOBALIZATION'4 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & ! ,C>IBBEAN >E ! TWO REGIONS 9 ! WORLD ?AT HAVE SUFF]$ ! MO/ DEVA/AT+ CONSEQU5CES3 UNEMPLOYM5T & PREC>I\SNESS ( WORK1 GR[+ POV]TY & M>G9ALIZATION1 DE/RUCTION ( AGRICULTURAL SY/EMS 9 FAVOR ( ! MONOPOLY ( AGRIBUS9ESS1 VIOLATION ( ! RI<TS ( 9DIG5\S PEOPLES & PEASANTS1 SPOIL+ ( NATURAL RES\RCES1 PRIVATIZATION ( PUBLIC S]VICES1 DE9DU/RIALIZATION1 %R9K+ ( /ATES & GOV]NM5TS TO REGULATE !IR ECONOMIES40 

,?OSE :O DECL>$ IMP]IALISM DEAD DO NOT S]VE TO BE GRAV$IGG]S4 ,IMP]IALISM LIVES & OPPRESSES LIKE NEV] BE=E4 ,AT ! SAME TIME AS /ATES 9 MORE 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES HAVE BE5 MULTIPLY+ !IR FUNCTIONS 9 V>I\S SPH]ES1 IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ANO!R =M ( CAPITALI/ /ATE HAS CEAS$ TO CONC]N ITSELF ) SOME ( ITS =M] FUNCTIONS & ASSUM$ O!RS 9/EAD4 

,?IS IS A =M ( /ATE ?AT IS RELAT$ TO ! PRES5T /AGE1 9 :I* ! L>GE TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS HAVE A DIFF]5T ROLE TO ! CLASSIC COMPANIES ( PREVI\S /AGES1 & 9 :I* 9T]NATIONAL F9ANCIAL CAPITAL IS 9VOLV$ DAILY ) ! POLITICAL LEVEL4 ,!SE >E ECONOMIC1 LEGAL-POLITICAL & IDEOLOGICAL-CULTURAL /RUCTURES ?AT HAVE A V]Y SPECIFIC >TICULATION TODAY4 

,\R ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & ! BUILD+ ( POPUL> P[] 

  

,I ?9K IT IS IMPORTANT TO M5TION SOME HI/ORICAL FACTS1 S9CE WE >E HAV+ A MORE-OR-LESS !ORETICAL DISCUSSION4 

,!RE >E DIV]SE SOCIAL MOBILIZATIONS3 9DIG5\S MOVEM5TS ) C]TA9 SPECIFIC & G5]AL DEM&S2 >M$ /RUGGLE1 AS 9 ,COLOMBIA & ,MEXICO1 COEXI/+ ) SOCIAL MOVEM5TS2 POPUL> UPRIS+S AGA9/ GOV]NM5TS DEM&+ NATIONALIZATION ( NATURAL WEAL? AGA9/ IMP]IAL PLUND]2 POPUL> REF]5DUMS AGA9/ GOV]NM5T DECISIONS OR 9 FAVOR ( C]TA9 SOCIAL & POLITICAL ISSUES2 REPEAT$ 9SURRECTIONS1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ,BOLIVIA2 RESI/ANCE ?AT CROSSES BORD]S & TRANS=MS 9TO A S+LE VOICE1 AS 9 ! CASE ( MOBILIZATIONS AGA9/ ! ,F,T,A,A2 ECOLOGICAL MOVEM5TS 9 DEF5SE ( ! ABUS$ NATURE1 :I* HAS BE5 DEVA/AT$ BY ! SY/EM2 ! DISCONT5T :O EXPRESS !MSELVES 9 TRADITIONAL ELECTIONS1 VOT+ AGA9/ :AT SEEMS REPUGNANT TO !M1 HAV+ HOPES ( DIFF]5T LEVELS & WAIT+ = ! >RIVAL ( NEW & BETT] ?+S2 ELECTIONS ?AT1 G5]ALLY1 FRU/RATE SMALL OR L>GE EXI/+ EXPECTATIONS4 

,AL?\< NOT DIRECTLY CONTRIBUT+ TO ! CREATION ( POPUL> P[] !SE EXP]I5CES1 L9K$ TO ELECTORAL PROCESSES & 9/ITUTIONS1 MU/ BE TAK5 9TO CONSID]ATION AS P>T ( A REALITY DI/9CT FROM O!R HI/ORICAL MOM5TS4 

,?IS HAS BE5 SAID O!R TIMES4 ,ELECTIONS CAN BE CONSID]$ AS POLL+ RESE>* ?AT UNCOV]S ! DISCONT5T & ASPIRATIONS ( A P>T ( ! POPULATION1 GIV5 ?AT ! ELECTIONS & ALL ! POLITICAL TE*NOLOGY ( ?OSE AT ! TOP ?AT IS 5GAG$ 9 !M CANNOT NULLIFY A C]TA9 /ATE ( CONSCI\SNESS ?AT CONJUNCTURALLY EXPRESSES ITSELF ?R\< ?IS DISGUIS+ ME*ANISM4 ,! ELECTORAL ME*ANISM DOES NOT CORRESPOND TO ! \TCOME ( ! /RUGGLES ?AT PO9T TO O!R HORIZONS1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ,BOLIVIA1 & 9 IT ?+S GET V]Y CONFUS+ AT TIMES4 

,9 SPITE ( ALL ! 9FLU5CE ( ?IS RESE>* WE CAN NOTICE1 ON SOME OCCASIONS1 ?AT IMPORTANT & ACTIVE SOCIAL SECTORS1 ( ORGANIZ$ OR SPONTANE\S EXPRESSIONS1 >E DECID$LY POSITION$ 9 FAVOR ( PR(\ND *ANGES &1 = A MOM5T1 WA/E !IR EF=TS ON ! 9/ITUTIONAL >5A DUE TO ! SYMBOLIC P[] ?AT ?IS WEB /ILL POSSESSES 9 C]TA9 IMAG9ATIONS4 ,O!R TIMES1 POPUL> REJECTION ( GOV]NM5TAL POLITICS ALSO HAS SOME?+ TO SAY4 ,CLE>LY1 9 ALL ELECTORAL PROCESSES WE MU/ TAKE 9TO CONSID]ATION ! ME*ANISMS ?AT BR+ RI<T & C5T]-RI<T ALLIANCES 9TO PLAY1 ! FUNDAM5TAL ROLE ( ! MASS M$IA1 ! MULT9ATIONALS1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES EMBASSY & SO ON4 

,! ELECTORAL QUE/ION IS CONFUS$ ) V>I\S & DI/9CT EXPRESSIONS ( POPUL> P[]1 ( DIRECT ACTION BY SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 9 SE>* ( NEW =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ) ANO!R LEVEL ( POPUL> P>TICIPATION4 ,EXPRESSIONS ?AT REACT AGA9/ ! OLD PRACTICES BUT ?AT APPE>1 AT 0OPPORTUNE0 MOM5TS1 TOGE!R ) ALL ! ELECTORAL P>APH]NALIA & ) DISC\RSES ?AT T\*1 EV5 ) EXALTATION1 ON C5TRAL ASPECTS ( ! PEOPLE'S DEM&S4 

,9 ?IS DOMA91 ( EPISODIC ELECTIONS1 ?IS IS H[ ?+S WORK3 !RE IS A PREF]5CE = FIGURES :O1 9 FACT1 REPRES5T LITTLE OR NO?+ TO ! PEOPLE1 & :O QUICKLY TRY TO DEMOBILIZE ! ELEM5TS ( GREATE/ TRANS=MATIVE POT5TIAL4 ,!RE IS A V]Y P]V]SE SYMBOLIC WORLD ?AT POSSESSES /R5G? & ?AT1 AS CAN BE SE51 WILL CONT9UE TO PROJECT ITSELF 9 TIME & TO IMP$E AU!NTIC *ANGES4 

,H[EV]1 POSITIONS - P]MEAT$ BY A LOT ( ELITISM & VANGU>DISM - ?AT ALL !SE EXPRESSIONS & /RUGGLES ( POPUL> P[] >E ( LITTLE USE &1 F9ALLY1 5D )\T RELEVANT ELECTORAL VICTORIES DO NOT SEEM RIGOR\S4 

,VICTORIES MU/ BE S\<T 9 ANO!R DOMA92 !Y HAVE A RHY?M ?AT1 MAYBE1 IS NOT SUITABLE = ! ANXI\S TO SEE !IR FRUITS4 ,WE MU/ LOOK = !M 9 ! MULTIPLICATION ( EXPRESSIONS ( DIRECT ACTION2 ( SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 DIFF]5T SPH]ES2 ( POPUL> ORGANIZATION ) =MS ?AT DO NOT PO9T T[>D 9/ITUTIONALIZATION2 ( DISBELIEF 9 ! GR[? ( CLASSIC B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY1 ! POLITICAL 0CA/E0 & A P>TICUL> WAY ( DO+ POLITICS4 

,= EXAMPLE1 9 ,BOLIVIA ,GONZALO ,SAN*EZ DE ,LOZADA WAS DEPOS$ & ,C>LOS ,MESA SUCCE$$ HIM1 FOLL[+ A SIMIL> POLICY4 ,H[EV]1 ! POPUL> MOVEM5T W5T BACK ONTO ! /REETS & DEPOS$ ,MESA1 AN 9DICATOR ?AT !IR ORGANIZATIONAL EXP]I5CE & P>TICIPATORY CONSCI\SNESS HAD NOT DI$ 9 ! FACE ( FRU/RATION4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ,EVO ,MORALES N[ REPRES5TS !SE DEM&S1 BUT HE DOES NOT HAVE MANY ALT]NATIVES BUT TO TAKE P>T ( !M 9TO ACC\NT1 AS HIS POLITICAL LIFE WAS BAS$ ON ?AT4 

,EV5 ) ! 9FAM\S REGRESSIONS1 PROMOT$ PRIM>ILY BY ! SO-CALL$ PROGRESSIVE P>TIES1 WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ! /RUGGLES ( ?OSE FROM BEL[ DO NOT DIE2 !Y HAVE ROOTS ( SOME DEP?4 ,!RE >E REACTION>Y /RUCTURES & POLITICAL PROPOSALS FULL ( 0NEW0 PROMISES1 :I* IMPLY *OICES 9 ?IS RELATIVELY NEW UNIV]SE ?AT IS EM]G+1 ( WAYS ?AT >E SOMETIMES RISKY2 PROVISIONAL WAYS >ISE 9 CONCRETE & DECEPTIVE 9/ANCES ?AT >E NOT YET COMPLETELY AB&ON$4 ,!Y WILL ONLY BE SO :5 ?OSE FROM BEL[ >E ABLE TO %APE !IR [N G5]AL PROPOSAL = NEW SOCIAL RELATIONS1 :I* WILL NOT COME FROM \TSIDE1 BUT FROM )94 ,TO CREATE IT1 IT WILL BE NECESS>Y TO HAVE A C]TA9 SOCIAL-POLITICAL =CE4 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT1 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 /RUGGLES = POPUL> P[] BEG9 9 DAY-TO-DAY /RUGGLES4 ,MASS MOVEM5TS HAVE1 AT TIMES1 HAD A GREAT CAPACITY TO ACCUMULATE =CES 9 NEI<BORHOODS1 9 COMMITTEES ?AT >TICULATE >\ND CONCRETE !MES1 SU* AS ! /RUGGLE = WAT] 9 ,CO*ABAMBA & DEM&S = L& & RESPECT = COMMUNITY LIFE 9 ! CASE ( 9DIG5\S POPULATIONS4 ,BESIDES 9DIG5\S MOVEM5TS WORK]S' & PEASANTS' UNIONS HAVE >IS5 AT TIMES1 =M+ A /RONG1 COMBATIVE SOCIAL FABRIC ?AT WON ! /REETS & RAIS$ SLOGANS ?AT1 9 G5]AL1 NO LEFTI/ P>TY HAD ON ITS AG5DA4 

,V>I\S POPUL> EXPRESSIONS ) A DECISIVE IMPACT ON SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS1 ?AT HAVE SU/A9$ /RUGGLES AGA9/ ! SY/EM = ! PA/ FIFTE5 YE>S1 >E KN[ (4 ,9 ,>G5T9A1 WE CAN M5TION 0,QUE SE VAYAN TODOS04 .<#a#a.> ,GOV]NM5TS HAVE FALL5 9 ,BOLIVIA1 ,ECUADOR -- ?REE 9 ! LA/ FIVE YE>S ALONE -- & ,P]U4 ,!SE EXPRESSIONS ALSO PLAY$ A KEY ROLE 9 PREV5T+ ! RI<T-W+ C\P 9 ,V5EZUELA4 

,EV5 TODAY A POPUL> UPRIS+ IS UND] WAY 9 ,HONDURAS4 ,I MU/ SAY ?AT WE >E /RONGLY 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! ANTI-DICTATORIAL POSITIONS ( ?IS VIGOR\S MOBILIZATION1 9 :I* V>I\S SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS >E 9T]V5+4 ,?IS EV5T1 :I* AT ?IS MOM5T IS ESS5TIALLY DIRECT$ AT OPPOS+ ! C\P1 IS SOME?+ F> MORE COMPLEX ?AN ! SIMPLE RETURN ( ! CON/ITUTIONALLY ELECT$ PRESID5T4 

,!RE >E V>I\S EXPRESSIONS ( ! CAPACITY ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS TO ACT & *ALL5GE ! WOR/ GOV]NM5T REGIMES & ! MEASURES !Y PRODUCE4 ,!SE MOVEM5TS HAVE CONFRONT$ POLICE & MILIT>Y REPRESSION 9 ! /REETS ) BLOOD & FIRE4 ,!Y >E ADOPT+ DIFF]5T ORGANIZATIONAL =MS & TODAY !Y >E MOBILIZ+ >\ND SOCIAL & ECONOMIC PROBLEMS1 /RUGGLES = HEAL?1 WAT]1 EMPLOYM5T1 ROADS1 ELECTRICITY1 HUMAN RI<TS1 ! RI<TS ( 9DIG5\S POPULATIONS & AGA9/ DICTATOR%IPS4 ,!SE >E MOVEM5TS ?AT CON/ANTLY GO FROM SOCIAL TO POLITICAL1 BECAUSE !IR DEM&S T\* ! 9T]E/S ( ! DOM9ANT P[] & ! /ATE QUICKLY 9T]V5ES TO REPRESS !M4 ,FUR!RMORE1 9 ! M$IUM T]M EF=TS >E G5]ALLY MADE TO PU% !M D[N ! PA? ( B\RGEOIS 9/ITUTIONAL DOME/ICATION4 

,IT IS SOMETIMES SAID ?AT !RE IS LITTLE OR NO?+ B5EFICIAL LEFT AFT] !SE /RUGGLES4 ,?IS VIEW RESULTS FROM A CRIT]IA ?AT1 Y\ C\LD SAY1 IS MADE UP ( CATEGORIES ( OLD DISC\RSES ?AT >E NOT ADEPT TO A READ+ ( ! PRES5T4 ,9 MANY ( !SE DISC\RSES WE SEE ?AT IS IMPLI$ ?AT IF ! OLD VANGU>D P>TY IS NOT PRES5T1 ) ITS GR\P ( PR(ESSIONALS & TE*NICIANS1 !RE IS NO WAY \T4 ,?US1 NO O!R WAY ( DO+ POLITICS IS CONCEIV$2 ?IS 5LI<T5$ ELITE MU/ BE PRES5T TO GUIDE EV]YONE4 

,POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS /ILL ( ! UTMO/ IMPORTANCE = LIB]ATION1 RUPTURE & ! DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALISM1 AS WELL AS = ! BEG9N+ ( ANO!R PROCESS F\ND$ ON DIFF]5T BASES4 ,H[EV]1 ! POLITICAL =M TO BE S\<T IS DIFF]5T4 ,! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION MU/ NOT BE A VANGU>D BUT A LEVEL OR SPH]E DI/9CT FROM ! /RUGGLE ITSELF & ?AT OP]ATES )9 IT1 AS P>T ( IT1 :I* IS AN 9DISP5SABLE CONDITION4 

,I WANT TO HI<LI<T SOME?+ ?AT HAS ALREADY BE5 SAID4 ,ALL !SE /RUGGLES1 DEM&S & CONFRONTATIONS IMPLY A PROCESS ( ACTIVE P>TICIPATION BY ! POPULATION1 ACCUMULATION ( KN[L$GE FROM EXP]I5CES & APPROA*ES ?AT F]M5T 9 FAVOR ( LEGITIMATE SOLUTIONS1 QUE/IONS ?AT >E FUNDAM5TAL TO ! BUILD+ ( POPUL> P[]1 9 ! MID/ ( :I* WE MU/ BE AT ALL TIMES4 ,! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION MU/ BE COMPLETELY 9SIDE & NEV] \TSIDE ( !SE PROCESSES1 ) ! D\BLE >TICULATION ?AT SOME?+ ( ?IS NATURE REQUIRES4 

,C\LD IT BE \R MOM5T8 

  

,EV]Y?+ ?AT HAS BE5 SAID L$ US TO E/ABLI% ! ROLE ( ! LIB]T>IAN POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 9 ?IS HI/ORICAL P]IOD3 ITS /RATEGY1 ITS ORGANIZATIONAL =M1 ITS WAY ( OP]AT+ 9 ! PRES5T4 ,! 0VANGU>D0 P>TIES1 ?OSE ?AT 0REPRES5T$0 ! PROLET>IAT & ! PEOPLE1 SEEM MORE ?AN EV] TO BE 9 BANKRUPTCY4 ,IF WE CONSID] \R ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA 9 REC5T DECADES !RE >E RI* EXAMPLES ( H[ !SE P>TIES HAVE BE5 ON ! SIDEL9ES1 OR REPRODUC+ ! DOM9ANT POSITIONS1 9 ! V>I\S RADICALIZ$ MOBILIZATIONS & DEMON/RATIONS ?AT ?OSE FROM BEL[ HAVE C>RI$ \T1 L>GELY DRIV5 BY BROAD SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,BOLIVIA WAS ! MO/ P>ADIGMATIC CASE4 ,BUT WE KN[ ?AT IT WAS NOT ! ONLY ONE1 ?AT ?IS SITUATION WAS LIKE A RIV] ?AT FL[$ ?R\< DIFF]5T PO9TS ON \R MAP4 

,H[EV]1 AT ! SAME TIME AS !Y DRIVE RELEVANT SOCIAL & POLITICAL /RUGGLES & GO BEYOND ! POSITIONS ( ! 0LEFT0 P>TIES1 POPUL> MOVEM5TS AT TIMES FADE AWAY & LEAVE A VACUUM ?AT IS SOON FILL$ BY OLD ACQUA9TANCES4 ,!RE >E ?OSE ?AT1 ALMO/ ALWAYS1 ASSESS ?IS VACUUM ACCORD+ TO ! LOGIC ( ! ABS5CE ( VANGU>D P>TIES ?AT PROPOSE TO TAKE SPACES 9 ! /ATE1 ) A VIEW TO />T+ A PROCESS FROM ?AT4 ,IT IS WOR? SAY+ ?AT !SE PEOPLE ANALYZE OR PROPOSE ?IS K9D ( ?+ BAS$ ON ! SAME LOGIC ?AT CAUS$ ! 0LEFT0 P>TIES TO BE ABS5T OR TO D5Y ?AT !SE POPUL> WAYS W]E VALID4 

,IT IS H>DLY M5TION$ ?AT ! QUE/ION CONC]NS ANO!R WAY ( DO+ POLITICS & ANO!R WAY ( CONCEIV+ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,:AT ROLE %\LD ! POLITICAL PLAY TODAY1 9 LI<T ( ! HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE WE HAVE HAD8 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT ! NOTION ( 0CONVEYOR BELT0 .<#a#b.> IS NO LONG] USEFUL2 :AT WORKS1 SE5 FROM ANO!R LOGIC1 IS ! NOTION ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION AS A 0SMALL MOTOR10 AS WAS M5TION$ E>LI]4 ,)\T D\BT ! ROLE ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION CONT9UES TO BE VALID & OCCUPIES A DI/9CT SPACE FROM ! ACTION ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,BUT IT SEEMS TO BE 9CREAS+LY NECESS>Y TO SPECIFY 9 DETAIL ITS >EA ( ACTION & PRACTICES ?AT CONC]N IT4 ,?IS IS ANO!R ( \R TASKS4 

,& IT SEEMS TO US ?AT IT IS AN>*ISM ?AT IS 9 TUNE ) !SE MOBILIZATIONS & ?AT HAS DEF5D$1 9 G5]AL T]MS1 POLITICAL ACTIONS ( ?IS TYPE1 NECESS>Y AS A COROLL>Y ( SU* PROCESSES4 

#ae 

  

,F,C3 ,! ,F,A,U HAD1 ALONG ) ! O!R ACTIVITIES1 A SPECIFIC TASK ( >M$ /RUGGLE4 ,DID ?IS G5]ATE RELEVANT ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS8 ,DID ! ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE UND]GO IMPORTANT ALT]ATIONS8 

,J,C,M3 ,?IS IS A RELEVANT ISSUE ?AT MU/ BE RELAT$ TO 9T]NAL ORGANIZATION1 ! PREP>ATION & =MATION ( MILITANTS )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! HI/ORICAL CONJUNCTURES ?AT NE$ TO BE CONFRONT$4 ,IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT1 LIKE O!RS1 ESPECIFI/A ORGANIZATIONS HAVE DOCUM5TS SU* AS A ,DECL>ATION ( ,PR9CIPLES & ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,*>T]4 

,! POLITICAL-SOCIAL L9ES ( WORK & EXP]I5CES 9/RUM5TALIZE !SE L9ES 9 ! DIFF]5T SOCIAL SPH]ES1 CAUS+ -- ALONG ) IMPORTANT CONJUNCTURAL V>IATIONS -- ! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,*>T] TO BE MODIFI$ OCCASIONALLY4 ,! ,DECL>ATION ( ,PR9CIPLES ( A P]IOD ( ! ORGANIZATION ALSO DOES NOT /AY ! SAME AFT] SEV]AL YE>S ( MILITANT WORK4 ,BUT 9 G5]AL ,I HAVE ! IMPRESSION1 ACCORD+ TO \R EXP]I5CE1 ?AT IT IS LESS MODIFIABLE4 ,IT ALSO DEP5DS ON H[ ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,PR9CIPLES IS ELABORAT$4 ,IF IT ADDRESSES CONJUNCTURAL ASPECTS OR HI/ORICAL /AGES IT %\LD BE MORE MODIFI$4 ,G5]AL PR9CIPLES >E ADJU/$1 DEVELOP$ & UPDAT$ AS KN[L$GE ADVANCES1 BUT G5]ALLY AT A SL[] PACE4 ,!RE >E IDEOLOGICAL1 NON-!ORETICAL ELEM5TS ?AT CON/ITUTE \R COLLECTIVITY1 ?AT 9VOLVE IMAG9ATION & COHESION & ?AT1 AL?\< !Y >E NOT DOGMAS1 PROVIDE C]TA9TY AB\T ! PA? S\<T &1 !RE=E1 DO NOT V>Y MU*4 

,9 ANY CASE1 !SE 9/RUM5TS ?AT >TICULATE ) ! COLLECTION ( TASKS W]E NOT CONCEIV$ AS MEANS1 BUT AS P>T ( ! G5]AL CONCEPTION ( MILITANT DYNAMICS4 ,CONSID]ATIONS ?AT >E CON/ITUTIVE ELEM5TS ( ORGANIZ$ AN>*ISM & HAVE ! SAME VALUE AS O!R ELEM5TS4 ,WE KN[ ?AT 9 \R LIB]T>IAN 5VIRONM5T !RE IS AN OLD DISCUSSION AB\T :E!R OR NOT ! ORGANIZATION IS ONLY A MEANS4 ,TO ASSUME ! ORGANIZATION ONLY AS A MEANS1 = US1 MEANS TO SEP>ATE ! WAY IT IS C>RI$ \T FROM ! PRACTICE2 A POSITION ?AT IMPLIES A SIGNIFICANT PROBLEM4 

,BUT ,I'LL /ICK TO Y\R QUE/ION MORE4 ,9CORPORAT+ A SPECIFIC >M$ APP>ATUS TO OP]ATE REGUL>LY REQUIRES A S]IES ( TE*NIQUES CONSI/5T ) ! SPECIFICITY ( ! TASKS ?AT MU/ BE FAC$ & C>RI$ \T4 ,MOREOV]1 & ?IS QUE/ION IS FUNDAM5TAL1 ITS EXI/5CE HAS AFFECTS ON ! ORGANIZATION AS A :OLE4 ,IT IS NOT JU/ LIKE ADD+ ANO!R ACTIVITY 9 ADDITION TO ?OSE ! ORGANIZATION ALREADY HAS4 ,IT MEANS RE/RUCTUR+ ! 5TIRE ORGANIZATION SO ?AT ITS >TICULATION ) ! RE/ ( ! ACTIVITIES IS COH]5TLY UND]/OOD )9 ! /RATEGY &1 NATURALLY1 )9 ! G5]AL IDEOLOGY ?AT 9VOLVES ?IS SOCIAL-POLITICAL ACTION4 

,9 ?IS CONCRETE ASPECT1 ( >M$ ACTION1 ! ,F,A,U DID NOT />T FROM SCRAT* & NEI!R DID IT ADD ITSELF TO ! /YLE ( GU]RILLA ACTION ?AT WAS CALL$ 0FOCALISM40 .<#a#c.> ,IT DID NOT />T FROM SCRAT* BECAUSE AN>*ISM HAD A :OLE HI/ORY ( V]Y FRUITFUL DIRECT >M$ ACTION3 H]OIC1 JU/ICE-SEEK+1 EXPROPRIATOR1 ( CRUEL & BLOODY CONFRONTATIONS ) REPRESSION4 ,TO PUT IT BRIEFLY1 ! AN>*I/ /RUGGLES & EPISODES W]E V]Y IMPORTANT 9 HI/ORY1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ! ,*ICAGO ,M>TYRS1 ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI1 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 ,DURRUTI'S ,IRON ,COLUMN1 & ALSO H]E 9 ,RIO DE LA ,PLATA ) ! ,TRAGIC ,WEEK1 ! ,PATAGONIA /RUGGLE & MASSACRE1 ! AV5G+ WORK]S :O EXECUT$ EXECUTION]S444 ,! LI/ W\LD BE V]Y LONG1 BUT ,I JU/ WANT TO GIVE A FEW EXAMPLES4 

,!SE EXAMPLES >E NOT G5]IC1 BUT !Y W]E 9 ! IMAG9ATION & S5SIBILITY ( A L>GE P>T ( ! MILITANCY ?AT F\ND$ ,F,A,U2 ATROCI\S P]SECUTIONS1 >RE/S1 ASSASS9ATIONS ( AN>*I/S1 EXECUTIONS & 0DISAPPE>ANCES40 ,?IS UNIV]SE WAS NOT IGNOR$4 ,MANY ( !SE FACTS W]E ! SUBJECT ( REGUL> CONV]SATIONS 9 DIFF]5T C5T]S ( AN>*I/ ACTIVITY1 SOMETIMES 9 GREAT DETAIL2 BUT NOT ONLY AT ! =MAL LEVEL1 9 WRITT5 PROPAG&A MAT]IAL OR 9 DEBATES4 ,!Y W]E ALSO TOLD 9 FRAT]NAL CONV]SATIONS BY COMRADES :O KNEW ( OR P>TICIPAT$ 9 SU* ACTIVITIES3 ! ,SPANI>DS LIV+ 9 ,URUGUAY :O W]E P>T ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION2 ! EXPROPRIATORS :O SUFF]$ TORTURE & LONG IMPRISONM5T2 ! WORK]S :O W]E FI]CELY P]SECUT$ & TORTUR$ 9 ,>G5T9A & SOME 9 ,URUGUAY ITSELF4 

,WE W]E AW>E ?AT ! /RUGGLE WAS NOT EASY AT ALL & ?AT ! REVOLUTION W\LD NOT HAPP5 QUICKLY EI!R4 ,! GU]RILLA CURR5TS ?AT W]E EM]G+ AT ?AT TIME HAD ANO!R VISION ( ! 5EMY1 & !RE W]E EV5 ?OSE :O ?\<T1 & EV5 SAID1 ?AT ! REVOLUTION WAS NE>LY !RE4 ,M>XISM 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA HAD A V]Y DIFF]5T HI/ORY & AN IMAG9ATION ) ALMO/ NO PO9TS ( CONV]G5CE ) \RS4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 ! ,M>XI/S HAD 9 M9D ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION>Y EPISODE1 :I* WAS ATYPICAL TO ! L9E ( PEACEFUL COEXI/5CE DEF5D$ BY ! CONT95T'S POLITICAL P>TIES1 :I* CON/ITUT$ ! L>GE/ ,M>XI/ =CE4 

,= ?IS REASON ! AUTOMATIC TRANSPOSITION ( ! GU]RILLA /RATEGY EXPRESS$ BY 0FOCALISM0 HAS NEV] BE5 %>$ BY US4 ,WE SAW >M$ /RUGGLE 9 ANO!R WAY1 9 ANO!R HI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVE4 ,WE W]E V]Y AW>E ( ! HI/ORY ( \R C\NTRIES4 ,JU/ AS !RE WAS NO CO9CID5CE1 !RE W]E NO CONFLICTS ) ?OSE :O W]E D$ICAT+ !IR LIVES TO A DIFF]5T /RATEGY FROM \RS EI!R4 ,WE WALK DIFF]5T ROADS &1 (T51 COORD9ATE SPECIFIC TE*NICAL ACTIONS4 

,I WILL TALK A LITTLE MORE AB\T ?IS SUBJECT1 NOT SIMPLY BY DAYDREAM+1 BUT BECAUSE 9 C]TA9 LIB]T>IAN CIRCLES !Y HAVE ID5TIFI$ US ) 0FOCALISM0 OR 0GU]RILLA-ISM10 AS !Y SAID1 & ?IS WAS NEV] ! CASE2 IT IS A MISCONCEPTION4 

,! DECISION TO SET UP AN >M$ APP>ATUS WAS NOT MADE OV]NI<T2 !RE WAS A :OLE PRIOR PROCESS4 ,9 IT ORGANIZATIONAL =MS1 9FRA/RUCTURE = EM]G5CIES1 ALT]NATIVE PLACES :]E ! UNION & SOCIAL COMRADES W\LD OP]ATE 9 ! PUBLIC 5VIRONM5T 9 TIMES ( P]SECUTION1 E/ABLI%M5T ( BASIC SECURITY ME*ANISMS & CRIT]IA - BO? = ! PUBLIC MILITANTS AS WELL AS = ?OSE ?AT HAD ALREADY DONE >M$ WORK OR H>D] SUPPORT WORK 9 ! UNION 5VIRONM5T - W]E BE+ ADAPT$4 

,?IS BEGAN TO BE >TICULAT$ 9 #a#i#f#b4 ,9 #a#i#f#c1 IT WAS /OPP$ A BIT BECAUSE1 :5 IT BECAME NECESS>Y TO ADJU/ ! G5]AL ORGANIZATIONAL 9/ANCE TO FUNCTION+ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! H>D TIMES WE =ESAW1 !RE WAS A GR\P ( COMRADES :O DISAGRE$ BECAUSE !Y ALREADY HAD ANO!R /RATEGIC PROPOSAL1 FUNDAM5TALLY BAS$ ON NONVIOL5CE1 & COMPLETELY DISAGRE$ ) \R DECISION4 ,?IS WAS ONE ( ! REASONS = ! SPLIT ( SOME ,F,A,U COMRADES 9 #a#i#f#c4 

,! ,F,A,U !N PROCE$$ ) ! TASK ( ADJU/+ ! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,*>T] ACCORD+ TO ! ASSESSM5T ?AT HAD BE5 MADE ( ! CONJUNCTURE AHEAD1 & :I* WE EXPECT$ W\LD SOON GET WORSE4 ,CLE>LY ?IS REQUIR$ F9ANCES &1 = ?AT1 EXPROPRIATIONS W]E C>RI$ \T1 MA9LY FROM BANKS4 ,?US1 \R ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,*>T] 5D$ UP KEEP+ AN IMPORTANT P>T ALMO/ 9TACT1 BUT IT ALSO 9CORPORAT$ A NEW P>T1 :I* ADDRESS$ NEW ORGANS1 COMMISSIONS1 SECRET>IATS & FUNCTIONS 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO COV] ALL ! PLANN$ MEASURES 9 AN ORGANIZ$ MANN]4 

,!RE WAS A LOGIC ?AT EMPHATICALLY TOLD US ?AT IF A CONJUNCTURAL ANALYSIS SUGGE/$ A DET]M9$ ACTION1 WE C\LD NOT1 AFT] KN[+ ?IS1 SAY ?+S LIKE3 0,IT'S F9E1 BUT WE CAN'T FACE MANY ( !SE TASKS BECAUSE !Y ALT] \R PR9CIPLES & IMPLY RISK ( DIV]SION40 ,IF WE DID1 WE W\LD BE DECL>+ ! UNFEASIBILITY ( AN>*ISM AS A SOCIAL CURR5T ?AT 9T5DS TO TRANS=M ! SY/EM4 ,WE W\LD BURY AN>*ISM OR LEAVE IT AS A DI/ANT REF]5CE FROM ! PA/4 

,BACK !N1 JU/ LIKE TODAY1 WE LOOK$ AT ?+S ?IS WAY4 ,WE HAVE & EXECUTE A PROPOSAL ?AT WE BELIEVE CON=MS TO POPUL> DEM&S2 O!RWISE WE W\LD BE LEAV+ ROOM = O!RS1 ) O!R CONCEPTIONS1 TO DO SO4 ,& 9 ?AT !RE IS NO POSSIBILITY ( RETURN4 

,BY !N1 ! ORGANIZATION NE$$ TO DEVELOP AN >M$ APP>ATUS = V>I\S FUNCTIONS & ALSO TO GR[4 ,TO BE ABLE TO DIRECT SYMPA?IES & /RUGGLES ?AT CAME TO US1 TO PU% 9ITIATIVES ( A C]TA9 SIZE1 TO TAKE NEW ORGANIZATIONAL /EPS1 & ALL ( ?IS ALSO IMM$IATELY REQUIR$ A SUM ( MONEY4 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS WAS NOT ! PRIORITY ( ! ,ORGANIZACION ,POPUL> ,REVOLUCION>IA 7,POPUL> ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ORGANIZATION--,O,P,R71 ESPECIALLY IF WE CONSID] ! MOM5T :5 IT DEVELOP$ MO/4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS W\LD BE ONE ( ! ACTIVITIES TO BE P]MAN5TLY FAC$ &1 9ITIALLY1 IT WAS A PRIORITY = ! REASONS GIV54 

,REPRESSION WAS HI< AT ! TIME BECAUSE ! ,TUPAM>OS GU]RILLAS W]E ALREADY OP]AT+1 & ?IS REQUIR$ TE*NICALLY & APPROPRIATELY EMP[]+ \R PEOPLE SO ?AT !Y C\LD MEET !IR OBJECTIVES & GET \T ( ! PROCESS ALIVE4 ,COOP]ATION = C]TA9 >M$ ACTIONS AT ?AT REPRESSIVE JUNCTURE NO LONG] WORK$4 ,! BASE ( ! >M$ APP>ATUS WAS MADE UP ( WORK]S1 :O 9VE/$ HEAVILY 9 !IR [N PREP>ATION1 & DID SO ) MU* MODE/Y & RESPONSIBILITY1 BE+ CLE> ?AT SOME ?+S W\LD BE LE>N$ AS ! PROCESS UNFOLD$4 

,H[EV]1 ,I ?9K Y\R QUE/ION REF]S MORE TO ! !ORETICAL ASPECT1 RELAT$ TO ! ORGANIZATIONAL =M -- 9 ?IS CASE ! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,*>T] -- :I* E/ABLI%$ ! ORGANISMS1 FUNCTIONS1 RI<TS & DUTIES ( FELL[ MILITANTS4 

,WE S\<T NOT TO LEAVE QUE/IONS ON RELEVANT ISSUES OP51 SO ?AT !Y C\LD !N G5]ATE 5DLESS D\BTS4 ,CONGRESSIONAL 9/ANCES DECID$ ANY 9T]PRETATIVE DIFF]5CES OR %ORTCOM+S ( ! ,*>T]4 ,WE ALWAYS CONSID] ?AT ! COLLECTIVE %\LD DEAL ) !SE ISSUES4 

,! DISCUSSIONS1 ! DIFF]5T APPROA*ES1 ! *ANGES ( OP9ION OCCURR$1 FUNDAM5TALLY1 9 ! POLITICAL & SOCIAL ANALYZES4 ,& ?AT WAS1 & ALWAYS WILL BE1 V]Y CON/RUCTIVE2 ! PRODUCTION ( A CULTURE ( S]I\S ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION IS NOT A M9OR TASK ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 

,IT IS IMPORTANT TO M5TION1 EV5 )\T ! PROP] ELABORATION1 ?AT ! ,O,P,R 7>M$ W+7 HAD NO /RATEGIC 9DEP5D5CE4 ,?AT IS1 EXPROPRIATIONS1 KIDNAP+S1 ETC4 W]E NOT DECID$ BY IT1 BUT BY ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ?R\< ! BODY ?AT REPRES5T$ IT & :I* WAS COLLECTIVELY LEGITIMIZ$4 ,?IS MODEL WAS DIFF]5T FROM PRACTICALLY ALL O!R GU]RILLA ACTIVITIES ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA AT ?AT TIME1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! ,*ILEAN ,MOVIMI5TO DE ,IZQUI]DA ,REVOLUCION>IA 7,REVOLUTION>Y ,LEFT ,MOVEM5T--,M,I,R71 :I* CAN BE CONSID]$ A P>TY2 BUT1 TO BE CLE>1 A ,M>XI/-,L59I/ P>TY1 ) ITS CORRESPOND+ C5TRALISM4 

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,F,C3 ,! ,O,P,R'S DI/9CT *>ACT] 9 RELATION TO 0FOCALISM0 IS CLE>4 ,C\LD Y\ DETAIL ! FUNCTION+ ( ?IS TE*NICAL >M$ TASK A LITTLE8 ,)9 \R LIB]T>IAN CONCEPTION1 H[ WAS ! OP]ATION ( ! >M$ APP>ATUS VIEW$8 

,J,C,M3 ,?IS HAS BE5 A MAJOR CONC]N S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,O,P,R'S REGUL> TASK4 ,! LIB]T>IAN EXP]I5CE 9 ?IS S5SE WAS V]Y SMALL4 ,NOT ) REG>D TO ACTION ITSELF1 ( C\RSE1 BUT 9 RELATION TO ! WORK ( >M$ DIRECT ACTION )9 AN ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK & 9 APPROPRIATE RELATION TO A G5]AL /RATEGY1 ) RESPONSIBILITY1 SELF-DISCIPL9E & DISCIPL9E4 ,A PROCESS 9 :I* A GR\P ( COMRADES ACT$ AS ANO!R P>T ( ! ORGANIZATION & AFFIRM$ !IR COMMITM5T TO ! COLLECTIVE RESOLUTIONS 9 :I* !Y P>TICIPAT$ LIKE ! RE/ ( ! COMRADES4 

,!RE IS A COMRADE1 ,C>MELO1 :O WAS IMPRISON$ 9 ANO!R C\NTRY & LIV$1 = MANY YE>S1 9 PRISON ) COMRADES FROM O!R ORGANIZATIONS4 ,HE TOLD US ?AT MILITANTS FROM O!R ORGANIZATIONS F\ND ! WAY WE HAD APPROA*$ ! >M$ /RUGGLE /RANGE1 & AT ! SAME TIME 9T]E/+4 

,C>MELO IS AN OLD COMRADE ) A LOT ( EXP]I5CE & A V]Y GOOD !ORETICAL-POLITICAL =MATION1 & = MANY YE>S HE HAS BE5 CONC]N$ ) WRIT+ ON ! SUBJECT1 EXP&+ ! ATTEMPT ,I MADE1 SYN!TICALLY1 9 VOLUME ,I,V ( ,ACCION ,DIRECTA ,AN>QUI/A3 UNA HI/ORIA DE ,F,A,U 7,AN>*I/ ,DIRECT ,ACTION3 A ,F,A,U HI/ORY74 ,?AT IS1 ?IS TOPIC CONT9UES TO 9T]E/ US &1 9 DUE C\RSE1 WE WILL HAVE MORE ELABORAT$ MAT]IAL ON IT4 ,N[1 ,I WILL REF] TO ! BOOK ,I M5TION$4 

,UND\BT$LY1 >M$ /RUGGLE IS A TASK ?AT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO MANY DEVIATIONS &1 ALSO1 = ?+S TO BE OBS]V$ FROM A DIFF]5T PO9T ( VIEW TO \RS2 9 SOME CASES1 EV5 WORSE1 IT CAN LEAD TO BEHAVIORS ?AT WE HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) & ?AT >E ! OPPOSITE ( :AT WE WANT 9 \R /RUGGLE4 

,BUT1 AS ,I SAID1 !RE WAS NO AN>*I/ HOLY TABLET FROM :I* WE C\LD DRAW GUIDANCE & SUGGE/IONS4 ,WE HAD TO EXP]IM5T1 ) FUNDAM5TAL ASPECTS ( \R IDEOLOGY AS A GUIDE4 ,IT WAS A *ALL5GE1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME A TRUE POLITICAL OBLIGATION4 

,IT WAS (T5 SAID3 0,WE HAVE TO BE C>EFUL NOT TO LOSE MEAN+ ( ?+S4 ,C]TA9 VALUES ?AT >E FUNDAM5TAL TO US %\LD NOT BE AB&ON$ ALONG ! WAY4 ,?IS IS AN ACTIVITY ?AT CAN 5D 9 COMPLICAT$ DE=MATIONS & HAVE GRAVE CONSEQU5CES40 

,NE$LESS TO SAY !SE PRECAUTIONS W]E BAS$ ON \R LIB]T>IAN CONCEPTION & ! KN[N EXP]I5CES1 BO? HI/ORICAL & REC5T1 ?AT W]E TAK+ PLACE 9 ! GU]RILLA MOVEM5TS ?AT EXI/$ 9 V>I\S C\NTRIES4 

,IT'S POSSIBLE TO SAY ?AT !RE WAS A LIB]T>IAN CONCEPT AB\T H[ ?IS >M$ ACTIVITY1 :I* WAS TAK+ ITS FIR/ /EPS1 %\LD TAKE PLACE4 ,!RE WAS A SET ( IDEAS ?AT1 AS WE BELIEV$1 C\LD GIVE A DIFF]5T *>ACT] TO ?IS WORK BAS$ ON ! CLASSIC CONCEPTION & PRACTICES4 ,WE HAD TO P]=M EXP]IM5TS1 BAS$ ON C]TA9 CRIT]IA ( \R LIB]T>IAN MATRIX4 

,TO BEG9 )1 WE GAVE GREAT IMPORTANCE TO ! WORDS US$1 :I* W]E RELAT$ TO ! NECESS>Y FUNCTIONS1 BECAUSE ( ?IS MAGICAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 WORDS & ?+S4 ,ALONG ) ! WORD COMES ! CONT5T1 AS WELL AS ! DEVIATION4 ,!RE WAS NO 0COMM&]0 ANY:]E2 COMRADES ) C]TA9 RESPONSIBILITIES %\LD BE CALL$ 0RESPONSIBLES40 ,?IS WAS RESOLV$1 E/ABLI%$ & PRACTIC$4 

,?US1 ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,O,P,R HAS NEV] HAD BOSSES OR COMM&]S4 ,!RE W]E RESPONSIBLES1 & ! CONT5T ( ?IS L$ TO V]Y DIFF]5T RESULTS4 ,CLE>LY1 ALONG ) ?AT !RE W]E O!R ?+S ?AT =M$ A UNITY 9 ?IS ATTEMPT TO CREATE A CULTURE ( RESI/ANCE TO COMM&M5T & MILIT>ISM4 ,TOGE!R ) ! DIFF]5T DAILY PRACTICES1 9T]NALLY B\ND BY AN IDEOLOGY1 WE PRIORITIZ$ ! TRA9+ ( COMRADES2 WE RELI$ ON HAV+ A BROAD TRA9+4 

,I WILL FIR/ TALK AB\T SOME ( !SE SMALL1 EV]YDAY PRACTICES ?AT HELP$ SO MU* 9 =MATION2 ! DAILY PRACTICES ?AT >E SO EFFECTIVE4 

0,SELF-CRITICISM & VALUES %\LD NOT BE EMPTY DISC\RSES1 DETA*$ FROM :AT WE DO EV]Y DAY40 ,?IS WAS SAID1 FELT & DONE4 

,! PROBLEM ( VALUES WAS EXP]I5C$ DAILY4 ,ALL ,O,P,R CELLS HAD AN EVALUATION =M FOCUS+ ON ! MILITANTS' BEHAVIOR4 ,P]IODICALLY1 MON?LY OR EV]Y TWO MON?S1 ?IS TASK ( EVALUATION WAS C>RI$ \T4 ,! CELL ITSELF WAS SELF-EVALUAT+1 & 9 ?IS 9/ANCE BO? ! CELL & ! LEAGUES 7ORGAN =M$ BY ?REE CELLS7 W]E ANALYZ$4 

,! EVALUATION =M CONTA9$ VALUES SU* AS SOLID>ITY1 FRAT]NITY1 MODE/Y & ABILITY TO DELIV]1 :I* PREC$$ ! 0MILIT>Y0 OP]ATIVE ABILITY :I*1 ( C\RSE1 WAS ALSO PROP]LY ASSESS$4 

,?IS HAD V]Y POSITIVE EFFECTS4 ,TO BEG9 )1 CRITICISM & SELF-CRITICISM W]E NOT EMPTY WORDS1 !Y W]E NOT SOME?+ ?AT WAS SAID & NOT DONE4 ,?US1 IT WAS NORMAL1 TOTALLY LEGITIMATE & NATURAL = A P]SON 9 *>GE TO BE QUE/ION$ & EV5 TO BE ASK$ TO *ANGE ROLES4 

,IT ?US BROKE ) ! >BITR>Y MEANS ( P[] :I*1 VISIBLY OR 9VISIBLY1 5D UP G5]AT+ P]V]SE PRACTICES4 ,!RE WAS AN EXPRESS T5D5CY TO M9IMIZE & DEVALUE SU* ?+S4 ,IT WAS A PROCESS ?AT DEM&$ SIGNIFICANT WORK1 SEE+ AS IT DOES NOT OCCUR AUTOMATICALLY4 ,AT LEA/ 9 ?IS 0,WE/]N1 ,*RI/IAN & CAPITALI/0 CULTURE ! QUE/ION ( P[] & EXALTATION ( ! EGO %\LD NEV] BE DISREG>D$4 ,)\T A D\BT1 IT WAS NOT ! SAME ?+ TO POT5TIALIZE !SE RES\RCES & TO COMBAT !M4 

0,! COMRADE 9 *>GE ( ! LEAGUE MU/ IMPROVE A LOT4 ,Y\R MODE/Y LEAVES SOME?+ TO BE DESIR$4 0 ,COMM5TS LIKE ?IS FROM A CELL MEMB] W]E NORMAL & POSITIVE4 ,!RE=E1 BY CON/ITUT+ A REAL RI<T1 NOT A =MAL PHRASEOLOGY1 ! COLLECTIVE WAS IMPROV+ & IT BECAME DIFFICULT = AN 9CUMB5T TO MA9TA9 !MSELVES >BITR>ILY4 

,IT WAS NOT AS IF A BOSS W\LD ONE DAY WAKE UP JU/ & SAY3 ,LET'S DO CRITICISM & SELF-CRITICISM4 ,AS A LOGICAL C\NT]P>T MANY TURN$ IT 9TO PURE CON=MISM = FE> ( :AT MI<T HAPP5 NEXT4 ,&1 9 ?IS WAY1 EV]Y?+ WAS AS IT WAS BE=E & SO IT REMA9$4 ,AS IT IS JOK+LY SAID1 9 SOME CASES3 0,ANY CRITICISM ?AT IS TO SAY ?AT ALL IS WELL IS WELCOME40 

,IT %\LD BE EMPHASIZ$ ?AT ! DAILY PRACTICE ( !SE VALUES DID NOT MAKE ONE LOSE SI<T ( ! SPECIFIC *>ACT] ( ! ACTIVITY4 ,!RE W]E PURELY EXECUTIVE 9/ANCES & P]MAN5T TASKS ?AT HAD TO BE DONE 9 A C]TA9 WAY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 NO ONE QUE/ION$ ?AT1 AT ! MOM5T ( ! OP]ATION1 IT WAS ! P]SON 9 *>GE :O DECID$ ON ! PROBLEMS ?AT MI<T OCCUR & ?AT1 BY *ANCE1 HAD BE5 LEFT \T ( ! PREVI\S PLANN+ -- ! IMPOND]ABLE4 ,?IS IS NOT A TIME = MEET+S4 

0,YES1 ! ACTIVITY MAY BE TE*NICALLY MILIT>Y1 BUT WE %\LD GET US$ TO M5TION+ ?IS WORD AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE4 ,WE MU/ USE T]MS LIKE REVOLUTION>Y POLITICAL ACTION10 SAID ,G]>DO ,GATTI 9 A DECISION-MAK+ 9/ANCE ( ! ,F,A,U4 

,) POSITIONS ( ?IS TYPE1 IMPORTANT CULTURAL RUDIM5TS ?AT MAT]IALIZ$ ! VALUES WE PRIORITIZ$ W]E BE+ CREAT$4 ,HABITS W]E CREAT$ ?AT MADE ! MILITANT SEE !IR RI<TS & DUTIES ) CL>ITY4 ,MANY ?+S BEGAN TO BE 0NATURAL40 ,BE+ AU?ORIT>IAN1 >BITR>Y1 NOT HAV+ MODE/Y OR SOLID>ITY W]E NOT ?+S ?AT W5T UNWRITT5 & W]E NEV] TOL]AT$ 9 SIL5CE4 

,! T]M 0COMM&]0 WAS US$ ONLY AS A JOKE4 ,!RE WAS AN IDEOLOGY ?AT DROVE & ANIMAT$ ALL ?AT4 ,SOME COMRADES HAD BE5 =M$ 9 CONV]SATIONS AB\T EPISODES ( /RUGGLE1 DEM&S = FRE$OM1 HUMANLY JU/ & RESPECTFUL FUTURE SOCIETIES4 

,ALL ! ME*ANISMS ( P[] ?AT DEM&$ SUBMISSION1 ?AT GLORIFY ! AU?ORITIES & C>DBO>D H]OES W]E REPUDIAT$4 ,9/RUM5TS ( HUMAN ROBOTIZATION 9 ! S]VICE ( ! P[]FUL1 SU* AS REPRESSIVE APP>ATUS1 W]E COMPLETELY REJECT$4 ,! TRU? IS ?AT1 9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ?AT CULTURE1 LOOK+ LIKE A SOLDI] DID NOT GRATIFY ANYONE4 

,IT WAS A LIB]T>IAN 5VIRONM5T4 ,FROM IT EMANAT$ CONC]NS NOT TO PRODUCE SOLDI]S ( ! REVOLUTION1 BUT REVOLUTION>Y COMRADES4 ,!RE WAS A /RONG RESI/ANCE TO MILIT>I/IC DEVIATIONS & AU?ORIT>IAN PRACTICES4 ,IT WAS !RE=E NORMAL = ! >M$ APP>ATUS TO BE SUBORD9ATE TO ! POLITICAL2 ?AT ?+S W]E DONE ACCORD+ TO ! ORGANIZATION'S OV]ALL /RATEGY1 ITS CONJUNCTURAL ASSESSM5TS4 ,! SOV]EIGNTY ( >MS F\ND NO BRE$+ GR\ND1 NOR ! PRESUMPTION !RE( 9 G5]AL4 

,DID ?IS APPROA* TO DISCIPL9E & SELF-DISCIPL9E1 COLLECTIVE PROTAGONISM1 ABS5CE ( MILIT>ISM1 MILITANT RESPECT AS A HUMAN 5TITY1 EGALIT>IAN TREATM5T & REJECTION ( AU?ORIT>IANISM UND]M9E ! EFFECTIV5ESS1 DEVELOPM5T & P]=MANCE ( SPECIFICALLY >M$ WORK8 ,I CAN SAY NO4 

,WE CAN DRAW MANY CONCLUSIONS1 EV5 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! %ORT P]IOD ( ?IS EXP]I5CE4 

,IT CANNOT BE SAID 9 ANY WAY ?AT ?+S FUNCTION$ P]FECTLY4 ,I HAVE NO 9T]E/ 9 IDEALIZ+ ! ISSUE4 ,BUT1 CONSID]+ ! ]RORS & PROBLEMS WE W]E FAC+ & :I* WE S\<T TO OV]COME1 WE SAW ?AT WE GA9$ EFFECTIV5ESS & /R5G!N$ ! EX]CISE ( TASKS4 ,WE SAW ?AT SELF-DISCIPL9E & ! CONV9C$ COMRADE WORK$ MIRACLES4 ,EV5 ) GREAT LIMITATIONS & A LACK ( RES\RCES ?+S WORK$4 ,!RE WAS SURR5D]1 WILL+NESS1 ! CAPACITY ( EA* ONE TO RESOLVE ?+S2 !RE WAS AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL ( CONT9UITY & GR[?4 

,FOM5TO 7,JUNTA ,F$]AL71 ,AGUIL> 7ORGANISM RESPONSIBLE = ! >M$ SECTION71 ,LEAGUES 7COLUMNS COMPOS$ ( ?REE CELLS ( FIVE MEMB]S EA*7 & ,CELLS 7BASIC ORGANISM ( FIVE MEMB]S7 M]G$ & CREAT$ A DI/9CT CULTURE ( >M$ MILITANCY4 ,IT HAD NO REF]5CE TO :AT WAS EM]G+ AT ?AT HI/ORICAL MOM5T1 :I* WAS SPREAD+ ACROSS ! CONT95T & WAS MU* IMITAT$2 DESPITE GREAT & RESPECTABLE H]OISMS IT HAD NO?+ TO DO ) \R PURPOSES4 

0,WE HAVE TO GO AB\T CREAT+ \R ?+S1 ) \R [N CONCEPTIONS1 KEEP+ !M 9 RELATION TO ! HI/ORY ( ?IS PLACE & TO \R IDEAS4 ,IMITATION IS NOT A GOOD C\NSELOR40 ,?IS WAS A WIDELY %>$ CRIT]ION4 

,IT WAS CREAT+ SOME?+ ?AT C\LD NOT BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY DECREES1 RESOLUTIONS ( MEET+ NOR GOOD MANUALS4 ,A CAPACITY = REFLECTION & EFFECTIVE P>TICIPATION BY ! MILITANTS WAS DEVELOP+1 SO AS TO CREATE A LOVE & AN UND]/&+ ( ! CAUSE ?AT WAS BE+ DEF5D$4 

,OBVI\SLY ?IS EXP]I5CE1 BESIDES BE+ BRIEF1 HAD PROBLEMS4 ,H[EV]1 IT LEFT US CONV9C$ ( ONE ?+3 IT IS POSSIBLE TO DEVELOP A LIB]T>IAN 0MILIT>Y0 ACTIVITY & IT IS A MY? ?AT1 = ?IS TO HAPP51 EV]Y?+ CAN BE BETT] >TICULAT$ BY MEANS ( AU?ORIT>IANISM & HI]>*IES4 0,! ORGANIZATION MU/ HAVE VALUES ?AT PREFIGURE :AT WE WANT TOMORR[40 ,?IS WAS ALWAYS AFFIRM$ & ORI5T$ ALL \R TASKS4 

,REG>D+ ! CONC]N = ! MILITANTS' =MATION1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( !IR REFLECTIVE CAPACITY1 !RE IS A CONCRETE EXP]I5CE ?AT ALL[S US TO DEEP5 ! UND]/&+ ( ?IS SITUATION3 ,! 0,ESCUELITA0 7,LITTLE ,S*OOL74 

,! ACTIVITY BECAME KN[N BY ?IS DIM9UTIVE1 P]HAPS CONCEIV$ 9 ORD] TO REMOVE ITS SOLEMNITY & 9 SEEK+ COH]5CE ) ! NOTION ( MODE/Y1 SO EMPHASIZ$ 9 CELL EVALUATIONS4 ,:AT WAS ! ,ESCUELITA8 ,IT WAS AN EXP]I5CE C>RI$ \T ) Y\? FROM ,O,P,R :O W]E TAK+ ON GREAT] RESPONSIBILITIES4 ,IT 9CLUD$ AN ACTIVITY ( TRANSF]R+ KN[L$GE ON DIFF]5T TOPICS3 PHILOSOPHY1 PSY*OLOGY1 HI/ORY1 P$AGOGY4 ,WE S\<T TO G5]ATE DISCUSSIONS & REFLECTIONS ON !SE TOPICS4 ,SEV]AL SPECIALIZ$ COMRADES1 MO/LY TEA*]S1 W]E 9 *>GE ( ! TRA9+ PROCESS4 

,! ACTIVITY WAS C>RI$ \T REGUL>LY & CONT9U\SLY1 PRODUC+ FRUITFUL RESULTS4 ,N&O & ,SILVA W]E TWO ( ITS GREAT ANIMATORS4 

,IT IS NECESS>Y TO RETURN TO ! SOCIAL CONTEXT 9 :I* ! TASK ( TRA9+ WAS C>RI$ \T 9 ORD] TO NOTICE ! IMPORTANCE GIV5 TO IT4 ,IT WAS A TIME :5 REPRESSION WAS 9 FULL SW+4 ,CON/ANT /REET PATROLL+1 P]SECUTIONS1 RAID+ HOMES & SURVEILLANCE ( SUSPECT PLACES4 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS IT WAS NECESS>Y TO BR+ COMRADES ( ! >M$ APP>ATUS :O DID NOT BELONG TO ! SAME LEAGUE TOGE!R ) ! SPECIALI/S & TEA*]S4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT WAS IMPORTANT TO TAKE C>E ( ! COMRADES' G5]AL SECURITY & P>TITION+4 

,BESIDES ?IS1 ! H\SE WAS UNKN[N TO ALMO/ EV]YONE4 ,?IS REQUIR$ EXTRA EF=T AS IT WAS NECESS>Y TO TAKE ! COMRADES !RE :ILE MAK+ SURE !Y DID NOT KN[ :]E !Y W]E4 ,MEET+S W]E HELD ) ! MILITANTS WE>+ HOODS ?AT HID !IR FACES4 ,BUT EV]YONE WAS CONV9C$ ?AT ! GOAL WAS WOR? ! EF=T & ! RISK4 

,?IS 9ITIATIVE >OSE 9 ! ,FOM5TO 7,JUNTA ,F$]AL71 DELIB]ATIVE ORGAN ( ! ,F,A,U4 ,A LOT ( DISCUSSION WAS ALSO NOT NECESS>Y AS !RE WAS CONS5SUS ON ! SUBJECT4 ,IT WAS ! K9D ( TASK ?AT WAS ANTICIPAT$ BECAUSE MILITANT =MATION WAS ALWAYS HI<LY REG>D$4 ,!RE WAS A :OLE HI/ORY BEH9D IT4 ,ONLY ,SILVA1 :O W\LD LAT] BECOME A /RONG ANIMATOR1 HAD SOME D\BTS1 :I* W]E BASICALLY ! FOLL[+3 ,IS ?IS NOT A TASK TO BE P]=M$ A LITTLE LAT] ON8 ,W\LD !RE BE SUFFICI5T 9T]E/ TO MAKE ! EF=T WOR?:ILE8 ,DID ! ,O,P,R COMRADES ?AT W\LD P>TICIPATE SEE ?IS AS A NECESSITY8 

,ONCE ! D\BTS W]E RESOLV$ WE DECID$ TO PROCE$ ) ! ACTIVITY1 :I* W\LD BE ORGANIZ$ BY ,ROGELIO4 ,N&O W\LD DO ! FIR/ P>T1 =M+ A CELL ?AT W\LD WORK ) HIM & A GR\P ?AT W\LD PRODUCE TE/S ?AT W\LD !N BE APPLI$ TO ALL ,O,P,R MEMB]S4 ,!SE TE/S W\LD !N BE DISCUSS$ AT A JO9T MEET+ AFT]W>DS4 

,COMRADE ,N&O WAS A PSY*OLOGI/ ( ! HI<E/ TE*NICAL LEVEL & A P]SON ( EXCELL5T HUMAN QUALITIES :O COMMUNICAT$ V]Y WELL4 ,! O!R COMRADES :O =M$ ! CELL NEXT TO HIM AT ?AT TIME W]E ALSO PR(ESSIONALS4 ,?IS GR\P WORK$ TIRELESSLY & CONT9UALLY ON ! DESIGN & APPLICATION ( ! TE/S4 ,ONCE ?IS P>T WAS OV]1 REGUL> COLLECTIVE MEET+S W]E HELD 9 :I* A NUMB] ( O!R ISSUES W]E ADDRESS$4 

,! RESULTS ( !SE EXP]IM5TS W]E CONSID]$ V]Y GOOD4 ,BUT IT IS BETT] TO LET ONE ( ! P>TICIPANTS SPEAK AB\T ?AT -- A FELL[ WORK] FROM ! TEXTILE 9DU/RY1 ,I BELIEVE -- A 0DISCIPLE0 :O JO9$ ! ACTIVITY 5?USIA/ICALLY4 

0,RUB51 :AT DO Y\ REMEMB] AB\T ! ,ESCUELITA8 

-- ,! FIR/ QUE/ION WAS ?AT PROCESS ( PSY*OLOGICAL TE/+ TO :I* WE W]E SUBMITT$4 ,I REMEMB] ?AT ?IS TOOK PLACE = A FEW DAYS1 9 A HOSPITAL AMPHI!AT]1 & COMPRIS$ A BATT]Y ( TE/S1 DRAW+S1 HI/ORIES & MAPS4 ,ALL ! TE/S US$ AT ?AT TIME1 & :I* W]E REEXAM9$ 9 ! COMRADES' LIT]ATURE1 W]E BAS$ ON A CRITICAL P]SPECTIVE ( PSY*OANALYSIS4 ,& ?AT WAS IMPORTANT4 

,M>XISM HAS DI/9CTLY NEV] GIV5 A DAMN AB\T ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 EQUAT+ IT ) PH>MACOLOGICAL PSY*IATRY4 ,= ME1 ?IS PROCESS WAS V]Y IMPORTANT & OP5$ UP A :OLE NEW WORLD ( LIT]ATURE4 ,IT TURN$ \T LAT]1 ) ! S*OOL N[ FUNCTION+1 ?AT ! TE/ RESULTS W]E SPECTACUL> AS !Y GOT #i P]C5T ( ! ASSESSM5TS RI<T1 AS WE'LL SEE LAT]4 

,! TE/S W]E ONLY AN 9TRODUCTION4 ,!ORETICAL & PRACTICAL QUE/IONS W]E SOON ADDRESS$4 ,9 PRACTICAL T]MS ! RUDIM5TS ( EXPLOSIVES1 WEAPONS & TACTICS W]E GIV54 ,I ALSO REMEMB] ?AT HI/ORICAL & PHILOSOPHICAL QUE/IONS W]E ADDRESS$1 & ,I REMEMB] A GRAPH1 :I* HAD A SQU>E WE C\LD PUT ON & TAKE (F1 BESIDES A :OLE DISCUSSION AB\T SCI5CE4 

,! ,ESCUELITA ALSO 5C\RAG$ ! MILITANTS TO READ ON !IR [N1 BY !IR [N 9ITIATIVE4 ,IF WE COMP>E IT ) BO>D+ S*OOLS 9 ,>G5T9A & ELSE:]E WE WILL SEE ?AT ! ,ESCUELITA HAS NO?+ TO DO ) !M4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,>G5T9E ,P>TIDO ,REVOLUCION>IO DE LOS ,TRABAJADORES 7,REVOLUTION>Y ,WORK]S' ,P>TY--,P,R,T7 WAS V]Y IDEOLOGICAL &1 :5 IT CAME TO >MS1 !RE WAS A LOT ( LYRICISM4 ,! ,MONTON]OS 9VE/$ A LOT 9 MILIT>Y TRA9+ & LITTLE 9 IDEOLOGICAL =MATION4 ,! ,ESCUELITA 5COMPASS$ A RANGE ( ?+S4 ,9 EV]Y $UCATION SY/EM !RE IS ALWAYS A RELATION%IP1 A BASIS ( TRANSF] ( KN[L$GE4 

,ANO!R ?+ ,I REMEMB] IS ?AT ! BATT]IES ( TE/S W]E US$ CRITICALLY4 ,BECAUSE IF IT W]E NOT SO1 IF ! OR?ODOX CRIT]IA W]E APPLI$1 WE W\LD ALL BE CONSID]$ UNFIT PSY*OPA?S4 ,! TE*NICIANS HAD TO REASSESS ALL ! TE/S ) ?IS DI/9CT CRIT]IA1 & ?AT WAS A LOT ( WORK4 ,!RE WAS GREAT CONC]N = ! PROP] FUNCTION+ ( ! ,ESCUELITA4 

,I W\LD EV5 ADD ?AT1 ON COMP>+ :AT ,I REMEMB] ( ! ,ESCUELITA ) ! ,>G5T9E ,M>XI/ EXP]I5CE1 ,I C\LD UND]/& ! ,ESCUELITA MORE CLE>LY2 BO? 9 ITS MODE/Y & ITS GR&EUR1 BO? 9 ITS PSY*OANALYTIC TE*NIQUES AS WELL AS 9 ITS HUMAN CONC]NS & PHILOSOPHICAL D\BTS4 

,ONLY A ,M>XI/ CAN ASS]T ?AT IT IS ONLY CLASS /RUGGLE ?AT MOVES HI/ORY4 ,IT WAS GOOD TO FILL \R HEADS ) D\BTS & C]TA9TIES1 />T+ FROM :I* WE JUDGE LIFE4 ,?IS SUMS UP ! WOND]FUL ASPECT ( AN $UCATION SY/EM40 

#ag 

  

,F,C3 ,O!R IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS BY \R CURR5T TO AN>*ISM >E POSITIONS ON MILITANT COMMITM5T & D$ICATION TO ! CAUSE1 )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( AN AN>*I/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,C\LD Y\ TALK A LITTLE AB\T ! IMPORTANCE ( !SE ASPECTS = A PROJECT ( REVOLUTION>Y TRANS=MATION8 ,F9ALLY1 :I* T]M DO Y\ PREF]3 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM OR AN>*ISM8 ,W\LD Y\ LIKE TO SAY SOME F9AL WORDS8 

,J,C,M3 ,!RE IS AN OLD SAY+ H]E3 0,AN>*ISM IS A WAY ( LIFE40 ,?IS WAS SAID BY ! OLD COMRADES 9 ! E>LY #a#iS1 :O HAD BE5 ACTIVE S9CE #a#i#e1 #a#i#a1 #aib & SO ON4 ,:5 ! ,F,A,U WAS ORGANIZ$ ?IS SAY+ -- :I* HAD SO (T5 DEP>T$ FROM ! LIPS ( ?OSE SOB]1 MODE/1 SELF-SACRIFIC+ COMRADES -- BECAME AN IDEOLOGICAL-E?ICAL ELEM5T ( ! FIR/ ORD]4 ,SOME?+ SO SIMPLE & YET SO IMPORTANT4 ,H[ IMPORTANT IT WAS6 ,NO PRIDE OR ELITISM4 ,WE WANT$ TO SYN!SIZE 9TO ONE S5T5CE SOME?+ LIKE COMPLETE SURR5D] TO ! CAUSE1 TO FEEL IT & PRACTICE IT EV]Y DAY1 TO BE CONSEQU5TIAL1 TO RESI/ COMPLICITY ) ! SY/EM BY MEANS ( RELAT$ CONDUCT1 TO FI<T ! SUP]FICIALITY ( ! E!REAL & VA9 WORD4 

,!SE =M] MILITANTS MEANT ?AT !RE >E SOME ?+S WOR? GIV+ Y\R LIFE TO1 9CLUD+ ! SE>* = A JU/1 FREE & SOLID>I/IC SOCIETY4 ,!Y MEANT ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO SEE SO MANY 9FAMIES & ATROCITIES & REMA9 9DIFF]5T OR CONC]N$ ONLY ) P]SONAL MATT]S1 SEE+ ! RE/ AS SOME?+ SECOND>Y4 

,BUT LET US NOT BE MI/AK5 9 ?9K+ ?AT ?IS IMPLI$ ISOLATION OR CONTEMPT = DIFF]5T CU/OMS4 ,NO4 ,!SE MILITANTS MET AMONG ! PEOPLE1 ORGANIZ$ FRAT]NAL FE/IVALS1 SOCC] CLUBS1 C>NIVAL B&S1 !AT]S1 PICNICS & HAD COMPLETELY NORMAL HUMAN CONTACT 9 !IR COMMUNITIES AS WELL AS 9 !IR FAMILY LIFE1 :I* WAS LIKE ?AT ( ANY O!R NEI<BOR4 ,= !M1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO P]MAN5TLY CORRECT DEEPLY ROOT$ DEFECTS & DEVOTE AS MU* TIME AS POSSIBLE TO ! /RUGGLE & PROPAGATION ( ! IDEAL2 TO ! PREP>ATION ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,I BELIEVE ?AT COMMITM5T TO ! CAUSE MU/ BE PR(\ND1 AS WELL AS COMMITM5T TO POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ) A SOCIAL PROJECT ( TRANS=MATION2 ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION ?AT 9T5DS TO ORGANIZE EV]Y?+ DIFF]5TLY SO ?AT ! COLLECTIVE DOES NOT NEGATE BUT POT5TIATES ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

,REG>D+ ! QUE/ION AB\T LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM OR AN>*ISM2 ,I CONSID] !M SYNONYM\S4 ,H[EV]1 ,I MU/ SAY ?AT ,I PREF] ! T]M 0AN>*ISM40 ,IT IS A S5TIM5TAL ISSUE ?AT 9VOLVES EMOTIONS & MEMORIES4 

,I RETURN N[ TO ! PRES5T T5SE & CONCLUDE \R CONV]SATION4 ,= ! F9AL WORDS ( COMMITM5T TO ! CAUSE ,I W\LD LET ALL ! ,F,A,U COMRADES :O HAVE BE5 TORTUR$1 MURD]$1 0DISAPPE>$10 %OT -- LIKE MANY O!RS 9 \R BELOV$ HI/ORY -- SPEAK ?R\< !IR CONDUCT4 ,!Y CRAV$ ?IS TOMORR[ ( SOCIALISM & FRE$OM FROM ! DEP?S ( !IR 0S\LS10 & !Y DID NOT HESITATE 9 D$ICAT+ !MSELVES COMPLETELY TO IT4 ,!Y >E ALWAYS TELL+ US3 ,COME ON6 ,LET'S GO6 ,BECAUSE ?IS CAUSE DES]VES EV]Y?+6 

.<#a.> ,JUAN ,C>LOS ,ME*OSO4 ,ACCION ,DIRECTA ,AN>QUI/A3 UNA HI/ORIA DE ,F,A,U4 ,VOLUMES ,I1 ,I,I1 ,I,I,I & ,I,V4 ,MONTEVIDEO3 ,EXC]PTS1 #b#a#a1 #b#e1 #b#f1 #b#i4 

.<#b.> 0,?IS REF]S TO ! ,M>XI/ S*EMA ( EXPLANATION ( SOCIAL FUNCTION+ FROM ! ECONOMIC BASE ( SOCIETY1 :I* 9 ?IS VISION1 DET]M9ES ! ?9K+ & 9/ITUTIONS ( ! SY/EM4 ,IF ! ECONOMY DET]M9$ SOCIAL LIFE1 & BY ! ADVANCE & DEVELOPM5T ( ! 0PRODUCTIVE =CES0 & ITS CONTRADICTION ) 0SOCIAL RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION0 PRODUC$ ! REVOLUTION BY ITSELF1 NO?+ C\LD BE DONE BY ! OPPRESS$4 ,! REVOLUTION W\LD COME ALONE1 IT W\LD BE ! 9EVITABLE 5D ( TIME1 0! 5D ( HI/ORY40 ,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ! ,M>XI/ VISION APPROVES ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM1 S9CE IT W\LD G5]ATE 0ITS [N GRAV$IGG]S10 ) :I* IDEA ,M>X & ,5GELS APPLAUD$ ! 9VASION BY ,BRITA9 ( ,9DIA & ( ,MEXICO BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BECAUSE IT SUPPOS$LY ACCEL]AT$ ! REVOLUTION4 ,A ?\<T ?AT CONTA9S A FAI? 9 PROGRESS & HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION4  

 ,AN>*ISM HAS HI/ORICALLY CRITICIZ$ ?AT DET]M9I/IC VISION1 PLAC+ HUMAN WILL AS AN ESS5TIAL ASPECT ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATIONS4 ,)\T ?AT WILL TO *ANGE1 ORGANIZ$ & PUT 9TO ACTION1 !RE IS NO REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS POSSIBLE4 ,!RE IS NO DET]M9ISM & IDEOLOGY IS NOT 0SCI5TIFIC10 IT RESPONDS TO ! SPH]E ( ?\<T1 FEEL+S1 HOPES & A SET ( BEHAVIORS & BELIEFS4 ,!RE=E1 ! ,F,A,U'S ESPECIFISMO HAS HAD AS A P]MAN5T TASK ! DEVELOPM5T ( !ORETICAL /UDY TO ELABORATE \R [N CATEGORIES ( ANALYSIS1 TRY+ TO ANALYZE REALITY CORRECTLY1 AVOID+ FALL+ 9TO SIMPLI/IC S*EMES ?AT R$UCE EV]Y?+ TO ! ECONOMIC4 ,! CAPITALI/ SY/EM IS COMPOS$ ( SEV]AL /RUCTURES 7IDEOLOGICAL-CULTURAL1 POLITICAL1 MILIT>Y1 LEGAL1 AS WELL AS ECONOMIC7 ?AT 9T]RELATE & NONE ( !M HAVE A PRIORI PR$OM9ANCE40 ,SEE DOCUM5T3 0,WELL+TON ,GAL>ZA-,MALV9A ,TAB>ES0 BY ,F,A,U-,F,A,G2 TODAY ADOPT$ AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUM5T BY ,C,A,L,A 7,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/ ,COORD9ATION74 

.<#c.> ,SEE ! DOCUM5TS BY ,VOL9 & ,SEBA/I5 ,FAURE1 BO? CALL$ 0,! ,AN>*I/ ,SYN!SIS40 

.<#d.> ,DIELO ,TRUDA4 0,ORGANIZATIONAL ,PLAT=M ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/S0 .<HTTPS3_/_/ZABALAZABOOKS4NET_/#b#a#i_/#h_/#a#d_/ORGANIZATIONAL-PLAT=M-(-!-G5]AL-UNION-(-AN>*I/S-DRAFT_/.>4 ,! CORRECT NAME ( ?IS DOCUM5T ACCORD+ TO ! NEW TRANSLATIONS IS3 0,! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,PLAT=M ( ! ,G5]AL ,UNION ( ,AN>*I/S 7,DRAFT740 

.<#e.> ,F,A,K,B 0,PLAT=M ( ! ,BULG>IAN ,AN>*O-,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION40 ,93 ,MI*AEL ,S*MIDT4 0,! ,AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ ,MASS ,L9E3 ,BULG>IAN ,AN>*ISM ,>M$40 .<HTTPS3_/_/ZABALAZABOOKS4FILES4WORDPRESS4COM_/#b#a#a_/#h_/BULG>IAN.-AN>*ISM.->M$.-MI*AEL.-S*MIDT4PDF.> 

.<#f.> ,GEORGES ,FONT5IS4 0,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O40 .<HTTPS3_/_/ZABALAZABOOKS4NET_/#b#a#i_/#a_/#a#h_/MANIFE/O-(-LIB]T>IAN-COMMUNISM_/.> 

.<#g.> ,IT IS ! BOOK 0,HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,MOVEM5T 7#a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a710 WRITT5 BY ,PIOTR ,>%9OV4 .<HTTPS3_/_/LIBCOM4ORG_/HI/ORY_/HI/ORY-MAKHNOVI/-MOVEM5T-#a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a-PET]->%9OV.> 

.<#h.> 0,EPI/EME0 IS ! WORD US$ BY ! ,GREEK PHILOSOPH]S = SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE4 

.<#i.> ,?IS REF]S TO 9SUFFICI5T ALT]NATIVES ?AT HAVE EM]G$ TO DEAL ) DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION SU* AS ! ,WORLD ,SOCIAL ,=UM1 REF]R$ TO AS 0ALT]NATIVI/S10 & LIB]AL MANAGEM5T SOLUTIONS BAS$ ON SKILL$ PEOPLE1 REF]R$ TO AS 0TE*NICI/S40 

.<#a.> 0,ME/IZO0 IS A T]M US$ 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA TO REF] TO A P]SON ( MIX$ ,EUROPEAN & ,9DIG5\S ,AM]ICAN DESC5T4 

.<#a#a.> 0,QUE SE VAYAN TODOS60 70,ALL ( !M MU/ GO607 WAS ! POPUL> SLOGAN BY :I* ! ,DECEMB] #ba MASS POPUL> UPRIS+ 9 ,>G5T9A BECAME KN[N4 .<HTTPS3_/_/54WIKIP$IA4ORG_/WIKI_/,DECEMB].-#b#a.-RIOTS.-9.-,>G5T9A.> 

.<#a#b.> 0,CONVEYOR BELT0 REF]S TO A ,L59I/ T]M 9 ,PORTUGUESE = :5 A VANGU>D P>TY GIVES ! DIRECTION & ! UNION JU/ REPRODUCES ! POLITICAL L9E DET]M9$ BY ! P>TY4 

.<#a#c.> 0,FOCALISM0 7OR 0FOCO07 REF]S TO A !ORY ( REVOLUTION BY MEANS ( GU]RILLA W> 9SPIR$ BY ,*E ,GUEV>A4 .<HTTPS3_/_/54WIKIP$IA4ORG_/WIKI_/,FOCO.> 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #b#b-#d-#b#h FROM WWW4AN>KISMO4NET47 

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