,*APT] #ai 
,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,AFT]WORD1 BY ,ALEX&RE ,SKIRDA 

#aibfaibf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,TEXT 3 

,A,L,E,X,&,R,E ,S,K,I,R,D,A  

,AMONG ! >TICLES BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO LEFT \T ( ?IS AN?OLOGY1 WE MI<T M5TION ! ONE ON ! PEASANTRY & ! ,BOL%EVIKS1#a :]E HE SETS \T ! 79 FACT1 QUITE WELL-KN[N7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFF]5TIALS BETWE5 ! WEAL?Y PEASANTS1 OR KULAKS1 ! MIDDLE PEASANTRY OR S]$NYAKIS1 ! POOR PEASANTS OR B$NYAKIS1 & ! F>M LABOR]S OR BATRAKIS4 ,CATEGORIES ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKO-,/AL9I/ POLICY ( DEVELOP+ RURAL CAPITALISM 9 ! #a#i#bS T5D$ TO R$UCE TO ITS EXTREMITIES ALONE3 TO ! KULAKS & ! BATRAKIS1 TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ! PEASANTRY4 ,WE KN[1 H]E1 ?AT FROM #aibi TO #a#i#c#d1 ?IS POLICY WAS ESCALAT$ 9 SU* A WAY AS TO LEAD TO ! UTT] DISPOSSESSION ( ! PEASANTS ( !IR L&1 & ?IS AT ! PRICE ( ! HOLOCAU/ ( ITS TIMES1 :I* HAS BE5 UND]PLAY$ ?US F>1 = ?IS 0DE-KULAKISATION0 CO/ ! LIVES ( #ae MILLION VICTIMS1 ACCORD+ TO RELIABLE E/IMATES4 ,LET IT BE NOT$ ?AT ?IS WAS ! REAL EPILOGUE TO ! CIVIL W>1 = ?IS G5OCIDE AFFECT$ PRIM>ILY ?OSE REGIONS ( ,RUSSIA1 ! ,UKRA9E & ,DON & ! ,VOLGA1 :I* HAD BE5 ! >EAS !N MO/ REFRACTORY TO ! NEW REGIME4 ,AS = ! RESULTS ( ?IS DEM5T$ W>F>E AGA9/ PEOPLE ON ! L&1 !SE W]E EXTREMELY RETROGRADE3 ! KULAKS1 PREVI\SLY A T9Y M9ORITY1 W]E REPLAC$ BY ! ,KULAK-,/ATE1 :IL/ ! SURVIVORS ( ! SLAU<T]1 RE-*RI/5$ 0KOLKHOZIANS0 - :I* IS TO SAY1 F>M WORK]S - W]E R$UC$ 9 !IR CIRCUM/ANCES TO ! /ATUS ( REAL ,/ATE S]FS4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ,MAKHNO DID NOT HAVE ACCESS TO ADEQUATE 9=MATION AB\T ?IS CRIM9AL POLICY ON ! P>T ( ,/AL9 & HIS H5*M51 :I* IS :AT MAKES HIS PIECE OBSOLETE4 

,9 HIS ,OP5 ,LETT] TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,C,P#b :I* APPE>$ 9 #a#i#b#h1 ,MAKHNO EXPRESS$ HIS \TRAGE AT A MISREPRES5TATION ( HIS DEAL+S ) ,BELA ,KUN1 AT ! TIME ( HIS SECOND TREATY ) ! ,R$ ,>MY 9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b4 ,HE CL>IFI$ ANO!R HI/ORICAL PO9T 9 HIS ,H[ ! ,BOL%EVIKS ,LIE4#c ,HE REE/ABLI%$ ! TRU? AB\T ! AN>*I/ SAILOR ,ANATOLY ,ZHELEZNIAKOV1 :O BROKE UP ! SITT+ ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#h4 ,MAKHNO DEF5D$ ?AT ACTION & EXPLA9$ ?AT ,ZHELEZNIAKOV1 A ,BLACK ,SEA SAILOR & DELEGATE TO ,KRON/ADT1 HAD PLAY$ ONE ( ! MO/ ACTIVE ROLES 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,MAKHNO M]ELY EXPRESS$ REGRET ?AT ! FI]Y SAILOR1 :O 5JOY$ GREAT PRE/IGE AMONG HIS COLLEAGUES1 HAD NOT SIMULTANE\SLY SE5 FIT TO DISMISS ,L59 & HIS 0,SOVIET ( ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>S0 :I* 0W\LD HAVE BE5 HI/ORICALLY VITAL & W\LD HAVE HELP$ UNMASK ! /RANGL]S ( ! REVOLUTION 9 GOOD TIME40 ,9 A %ORT PIECE1 ,5GL&'S ,POLICY & ! ,WORLD ,TASKS ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,TOIL]S#d1 HE LA%$ ,BRITI% IMP]IALISM & FLOAT$ ! IDEA ?AT !RE WAS NO WAY ( RESI/+ ITS PLANS = ! REVOLUTION & ! ,U,S,S,R1 BY VIRTUE ( ! FACT ?AT1 9SIDE ! ,U,S,S,R1 0!RE IS NEI!R FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 NOR ( ASSEMBLY1 NOR ( ! PRESS1 NOR ( 9DEP5D5T ORGANIZATION = WORK]S40 ,AS A RESULT1 !RE WAS NOT A ?+ WOR? DEF5D+ AS LONG AS !RE WAS ?IS D5IAL ( JU/ICE VIS A VIS !IR 0RI<TS TO BE FREE & RESPONSIBLE40 

,WE MI<T ALSO CITE HIS ,APPEAL ON ,BEHALF ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,BLACK ,CROSS1 :]E HE LABOR$ ! NE$ = AID = LIB]T>IANS >\ND ! WORLD1 & 9 P>TICUL> 9 ! ,U,S,S,R1 P]SECUT$ = !IR BELIEFS4 

,= ACCESS 9 ,FR5* TO ALL ,MAKHNO'S \TPUT1 ONE HAS ONLY TO LOOK TO HIS ,MEMOIRS - NI< ON SIX HUNDR$ PAGES ( !M - :I* IS TO SAY1 SEEK \T SOME PUBLI%] TO PUBLI% !M1 SOME?+ WE HAVE NOT BE5 SUCCESSFUL 9 DO+1 DESPITE NUM]\S FRUITLESS OV]TURES ?US F>4 ,IT MI<T ALSO BE DESIRABLE IF ,>%9OV'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,MOVEM5T WAS REPUBLI%$ 9 A NEW TRANSLATION AS SOON AS POSSIBLE 7! TRANSLATION BY ,VOL9E BE+1 OCCASIONALLY1 FLAW$71 AGA9 NECESSITAT+ ! GOODWILL ( SOME HEAVYWEI<T PUBLI%]4 ,?OSE TWO BOOKS W\LD C]TA9LY NOT BE GO+ OV] OLD GR\ND1 EI!R ) REG>D TO EA* O!R1 OR TO MY MONOGRAPH ON ,MAKHNO1 = ! LATT] WAS ACTUALLY PLANN$ AS A COMPLEM5T>Y PROJECT4 

,?IS /RIKES US AS ! APPROPRIATE PO9T TO REVIEW SOME PUBLICATIONS & NEW 9=MATION :I* HAVE COME TO \T ATT5TION S9CE \R BOOK 7! PRODUCT ( EI<TE5 YE>S ( RESE>* & AU!NTICATION1 :I* IS TO SAY1 NO SPUR ( ! MOM5T AFFAIR1 :I* IS MORE ?AN CAN BE SAID = MO/ PUBLICATIONS 9 ! FIELD7 WAS PUBLI%$4 ,BROADLY SPEAK+1 WE HAVE A P>ADE ( ! S5SATIONAL ASPECTS ( C]TA9 *>GES OR CLAIMS1 9 SU* A WAY AS TO PU% 9TO ! BACKGR\ND ! TRUE SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5T MOVEM5T4 ,?IS IS ! CASE1 SAY1 ) ! PUBLICATION BY ,PAVEL ,LITV9OV 7GR&SON ( ,/AL9'S ,=EIGN ,AFFAIRS M9I/]7 ( A SAMIZDAT TEXT 7A SELF-PUBLI%$1 CL&E/9E TEXT7 5TITL$ ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO & ! ,JEWI% ,QUE/ION4#e ,! AU?OR /RIVES TO %[ ?AT ,MAKHNO WAS NEV] AN ANTI-,SEMITE3 QUITE ! OPPOSITE1 9 FACT1 HE 0DES]VES TO HAVE HIS MEMORY RESPECT$ & HONOR$ BY ! ,JEWS40 ,?AT W\LD BE AN ATTRACTIVE APPROA*1 W]E IT NOT ?AT HE IS TRY+ DOORS ?AT >E ALREADY GAP+ WIDE OP51 =1 AS WE HAVE 9DICAT$1 EV5 ,BOL%EVIK HI/ORICAL WRIT+S HAVE ALWAYS REBUTT$ ?AT ABSURD ALLEGATION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,LITV9OV CONNECTS ?IS ISSUE ) ! REEM]G5CE ( ,JEWI% NATIONALITY & 9DE$ ) ! ATTEMPT TO E/ABLI% A REVOLUTION>Y ,JEWI% 0,ZION0 9 ! ,UKRA9E6 ,:AT IS RA!R POSITIVE ?\< IS ?AT ,LITV9OV SEIZES UPON ! OPPORTUNITY TO REHE>SE ! *IEF *>ACT]I/ICS & A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 ESPECIALLY ITS ACTIVE ROLE 9 ! DEFEAT ( ! ,:ITES4 ,WE MI<T NOTE ?AT ! ESS5TIAL S\RCES HE USES HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ \TSIDE ,RUSSIA3 SOME >E DRAWN FROM ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/ REVIEWS & WORKS PUBLI%$ 9 ,FRANCE & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DUR+ ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS3 :I* IS TO SAY ?AT !SE HAVE1 9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+1 A*IEV$ !IR PURPOSE BY HELP+ TO REE/ABLI% ! TRUE FACTS ( ! MATT]4 ,ASIDE FROM ! ODD 9ACCURACY - ,MAKHNO WORK+ 9 ,P>IS AS A C9EMA TE*NICIAN6 - ,LITV9OV'S WORK %\LD BE READ1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,ISRAEL & BY ,JEWI% READ]S1 GIV5 ?AT MANY ( !M >E /ILL BELIEV]S 9 0TALES0 AB\T ,MAKHNO4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT HAS NO?+ NEW TO (F] ,WE/]N READ]S ) ACCESS TO MU* MORE EXHAU/IVE TEXTS & WRIT+S ON ! TOPIC3 SO IT IS H>D TO UND]/& ! S5SATIONAL PUBLICITY ?AT C]TA9 ,FR5* & ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S HAVE AF=D$ HIM4#f ,MAYBE ?IS IS BECAUSE1 = A V]Y LONG TIME1 !RE WAS A DE>? ( HI/ORICAL & !ORETICAL /UDIES ( AN>*ISM1 :I* EXPLA9S :Y MANY AN>*I/S HAVE BECOME 0A READY M>KET0 & APPLAUD ! MOM5T ?AT SOME ACADEMIC OR ANYBODY \TSIDE ( ! MOVEM5T & NOT %>+ ITS IDEAS DEIGNS TO %[ SOME 9T]E/ 9 ,AN>*Y6 

,WE HAVE ALSO COME BY A COPY ( ANO!R H&WRITT5 TEXT 9 ,RUSSIAN1 DEAL+ ) ! LIFE ( ,LEON ,ZADOV-,Z9KOVSKY1 COMM&] ( ! UNIT ?AT SMUGGL$ A S]I\SLY W\ND$ ,MAKHNO 9TO ,RUMANIA 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#b#a4 ,! MANUSCRIPT'S AU?OR1 ONE ,JACOB ,GRID91 PRES5TS HIMSELF AS A =M] MEMB] ( ! ,N,K,V,D 7! ,*EKA WAS AT FIR/ R5AM$ ! ,G,P,U1 !N ,N,K,V,D1 BE=E ADOPT+ ! CURR5T /RAI<T=W>D TITLE ( ,K,G,B7 :O HAS EMIGRAT$ TO ,ISRAEL4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,GRID91 ,ZADOV - :O HAD BE5 9 *>GE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9TELLIG5CE S]VICE = A :ILE - ALLEG$LY CONTACT$ ! ,G,P,U DUR+ HIS EXILE 9 ,RUMANIA & R5D]$ !M /ALW>T S]VICES4 ,9 P>TICUL> HE IS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE LUR$ A CAPTA9 FROM ,FR5* ,C\NT]-ESPIONAGE 9TO AN AMBU% 9 ! ,UKRA9E & MURD]$ HIM 9 HIS SLEEP1 ALL TO DEMON/RATE HIS BONA FIDES TO ! ,G,P,U & SECURE HIS [N REHABILITATION1 AS WELL AS ?AT ( HIS BRO!R4 ,?IS LITTLE SPY /ORY EV5 9CLUDES A PRETTY Y\NG EXPLOIT$ WID[ :OM ,ZADOV SUPPOS$LY SET HIMSELF ! TASK ( CONSOL+6 ,! $GE TO ! :OLE ?+ IS ?AT IT IS ALLEG$ H]E ?AT ,ZADOV IS ALLEG$ TO HAVE BE5 ISSU$ ) ORD]S FROM HIS SUP]IORS 9 ,MOSC[ TO 0LIQUIDATE0 ,MAKHNO1 :O IS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE BE5 /AY+ 9 #aibb 9 ONE ( ! BE/ HOTELS 9 ,W>SAW 79 REALITY1 HE WAS 5JOY+ ! 0DELI<TS0 ( A LONG & UNCOM=TABLE /AY 9 ! POLITICAL PRISON 9 ! CITY674 ,ZADOV IS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE ACCOMPLI%$ HIS MISSION SUCCESSFULLY & TO HAVE LIV$ 9 COM=T UNTIL ! 0NA/Y0 ,/AL9I/ PURGES ( #a#i#c#h1 :5 HE FELL 9TO ! TRAP4 

,AS WE HAVE NO KN[L$GE AB\T ! REAL FATE ( ,ZADOV1 !RE IS EV]Y SCOPE = EMBROID]Y UPON HIS FATE3 H[EV]1 !RE IS RA!R TOO MU* UNLIKEL9ESS H]E & WE %\LD REMEMB]1 FIR/1 ?AT 9 ,BOL%EVIK /UDIES ,ZADOV & HIS BRO!R >E PORTRAY$ AS ! EXECUTORS ( ,MAKHNO'S 0DIRTY WORK10 & ABOVE ALL AS IMPLACABLE KILL]S ( ,BOL%EVIKS3 SECOND1 ?AT !Y HAD BE5 CONV9C$ AN>*I/ MILITANTS S9CE #a#i#e1 SOME?+ ?AT HAD E>N$ !M SEV]AL YE>S 9 CZ>I/ PRISONS1 & ?IRD1 ?AT !Y HAD REPEAT$LY PROV$ !IR COMMITM5T TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T'S CAUSE4 

,ALL ( ?IS MAKES US V]Y SKEPTICAL AB\T SU* ABSURDITIES AB\T !M1 UNLESS !RE IS SOME CONFUSION ) QUITE DIFF]5T 9DIVIDUALS4 ,MOREOV]1 FUR!R REVELATIONS ALONG SIMIL> L9ES >E TO BE EXPECT$ ( ,SOVIET ,JEWI% EMIGRES1 = A FAIR NUMB] ( !M >E EI!R1 AS IS ! CASE ) ,GRID91 EX-MEMB]S ( ! ,G,P,U1 OR PRIVILEG$ MEMB]S ( ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS & O!R SECTORS ( ! REGIME1 OR 9DE$ ! *ILDR5 OR P>5TS ( SU*4 ,OBVI\SLY !RE CAN BE NO QUE/ION ( PLAC+ ! SLI<TE/ CR$5CE 9 MIS9=MATION EX]CISES ( ?IS SORT1 UNLESS WE CAN BE V]Y SURE ?AT !RE IS ! DOCUM5T>Y EVID5CE OR TANGIBLE PRO( TO BACK UP !IR RAMBL+S4#g 

,9 \R BOOK1 WE MADE REF]5CE TO ! EXI/5CE ( A H&WRITT5 SET ( MEMOIRS ON ,MAKHNO BY ,IDA ,METT1 A MEMB] ( ! ,DYELO ,TRUDA GR\P FROM #aibe TO #a#i#b#h4 ,ONE SMALL PRESS HAS HAD ! SPL5DID IDEA ( TURN+ !SE \T AS A #b#h-PAGE PAMPHLET 7\T ( ! ORIG9AL SIX & A QU>T] PAGES671 ) ! ADDITION ( A FEW P]SONAL REM>KS ON ! 0RADICALITY ( ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 :]E9 HE %[S HIMSELF TO BE RESOLUTELY MOD]N1 !REBY \T/RIPP+ PRACTICALLY & HI/ORICALLY ! AN>*I/ IDEOLOGY4 ,= ,MAKHNO1 ! REVOLUTION CANNOT 9 ANY WAY BE ! AU!NTICATION ( ANY IDEOLOGY - EV5 BE IT AN>*I/ - BUT SPELLS ! DOOM ( ALL IDEOLOGIES40#h ,= SOME YE>S N[1 IT HAS BE5 FA%IONABLE TO B&Y ! WORD 'IDEOLOGY' AB\T 9DISCRIM9ATELY 9 EV]Y DIRECTION1 BUT IF ONE TAKES ! WORD TO MEAN A COH]5T VIEW ( LIFE & SOCIETY1 IT W\LD BE A GOOD IDEA TO COMP>E !SE GLIB1 EMPTY ASS]TIONS ) ! VIEWS SPELL$ \T PL5TIFULLY 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,MAKHNO AS SET \T 9 ! =EGO+ AN?OLOGY4 ,AS = ,IDA ,METT'S TEXT1 WE HAVE ALREADY \TL9$ ITS LIMITATIONS4 ,SOME ( ITS REM>KS >E CR+E-MAK+3 ,MAKHNO WAS 0JEAL\S ( ! ,JEWS10 BUT 0HAD IT 9 HIM TO BE A ,JEW'S FRI5D )\T ANY EF=T ( WILL0787 & WAS ALSO 0JEAL\S ( 9TELLECTUALS0 &1 MORE TO ! PO9T1 0JEAL\S0 ( ! C>E]S ( ! ,R$ G5]ALS ,BUDY5NY & ,VORO%ILOV1 SO MU* SO ?AT 0HIS HEAD WAS WILLY NILLY1 FILL$ NOTIONS ?AT HE TOO C\LD HAVE MADE A ,R$ ,>MY G5]AL4 ,YET HE HIMSELF NEV] SAID AS MU* TO ME40767 ,SU* A 0TELEPA?IC0 ANALYSIS DOES MU* TO UND]M9E ! IMPACT ( SU* AN EVALUATION & MAY EV5 COME )9 A HAIR'S BREAD? ( COMMON CALUMNY & TITTLE-TATTLE3 IT W\LD BE BETT] LEFT UNSAID4 ,IDA ,METT1 :OM WE \RSELVES KNEW1 DES]VES TO BE REMEMB]$ BY O!R1 MORE P]T95T WRIT+S4 

,WE COME N[ TO ONE ( ! MO/ 9TRIGU+ BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOVELTIES4 ,9 \R BIOGRAPHY ( ,MAKHNO1 WE M5TION$ ! EXI/5CE ( HI!RTO UNPUBLI%$ MANUSCRIPTS BY ,VOL9E TO :I* WE HAD BE5 UNABLE TO GA9 ACCESS4 ,!SE HAD BE5 9 ! POSSESSION ( ,ROSA ,DUB9SKY1 WID[ ( ! FIR/ PUBLI%] ( ,VOL9E'S PO/HUM\S ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION & !N SEIZ$ MANU MILIT>Y BY ,VOL9E'S ELDE/ SON1 ,IGOR ,EI*5BAUM1 :O AT ! TIME HELD POLITICAL VIEWS F> REMOV$ FROM HIS FA!R'S4 ,ON ! BASIS ( :AT ,ROSA ,DUB9SKY HAS TOLD US1 ! HI/ORIAN ,DANIEL ,GU]9 SEEMS TO HAVE PLAY$ A QUE/IONABLE ROLE AT ?AT TIME4 ,HE HAS S9CE S5T US A D5IAL :]E9 HE CLAIMS ?AT 0?IS MATT] PROCE$$ UNBEKN[N/ TO HIM40#i ,H]EBY NOT$4 

,WE ALSO LE>N$ LAT] ?AT !RE W]E SEV]AL COPIES ( !SE MANUSCRIPTS 9 CIRCULATION3 ONE ) ,DANIEL ,GU]91 !N ! SECRET>IAT = ,HI/ORY ( ! ,FR5* ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION1 &1 F9ALLY1 A COPY WAS PLAC$ BY ,LEO ,EI*5BAUM1 ,VOL9E'S SECOND SON1 ) ! ',S\ND & ,PICTURE ,>*IVE' SET UP BY ,ROL& ,=N>I4#a ,?ANKS TO ! K9DNESS ( ! LATT]1 WE W]E ABLE TO CONSULT !SE FAM\S UNPUBLI%$ NOTES BY ,VOL9E4 ,:AT DO !Y CONTA98 ,WELL1 TO \R GREAT AMAZEM5T1 !RE IS1 = A />T1 & ABOVE ALL1 ! CONCLUSION TO ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION1 :I* ALL F\R ( ! SUCCESSIVE $ITIONS ( ! BOOK DELIB]ATELY DISC>D$6 ,! TEXT IS QUITE SUB/ANTIAL - A HUNDR$ & T5 PAGES - & ONLY ?AT P>T DEAL+ ) ! ,VOL9E-,TROTSKY MEET+ 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 A LITTLE BE=E !Y RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#a#g1 WAS US$ BY ,DANIEL ,GU]9 9 ! LATE/ $ITION ( HIS AN?OLOGY ,NI ,DIEU1 NI ,MAITRE4 ,GIV5 ?AT HE ALSO SAW TO ! PUBLICATION ( ! MO/ REC5T $ITIONS ( ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION1 WE ASK$ HIM :Y !SE HAD BE5 DEPRIV$ ( ! 0CONCLUSION0 :I* WAS A NATURAL P>T ( ! BOOK4 ,HIS ANSW] TO US WAS ?AT ! DECISION HAD BE5 MADE JO9TLY ) ,IGOR ,EI*5BAUM1 BECAUSE IT /RUCK !M ?AT ! CONCLUSION'S CONT5TS 0WEAK5$0 ! REMA9D] ( ! BOOK4 ,HAV+ READ IT 9 \R TURN1 WE >E NOT ( ?AT M9D1 = IT SEEMS TO US TO FIT P]FECTLY ) ! PSY*O-MORAL ANALYZES ( ,VOL9E &1 :]EAS HE IS MI/AK5 9 DEPICT+ WORLD EV5TS 0FROM #aiad UP TO ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#d#g0 AS ! 0DE/RUCTIVE P]IOD ( ! WORLD REVOLUTION10 ! CON/RUCTIVE PHASE BE+ DUE TO 0PASS A LOT QUICK]10 MI/AKES >E /ILL POSSIBLE1 BUT !RE CANNOT1 AS WE SEE IT1 BE ANY CASE = C5SOR+ A PO/HUM\S WORK ( ITS 0CONCLUSION10 :I* \<T TO MAKE S5SE ( ! :OLE ?+4 ,IT IS \R HOPE ?AT 9 SOME =?COM+ $ITION ( ! BOOK1 ?IS LACUNA MAY BE WELL & TRULY FILL$4 
,?OSE UNPUBLI%$ PAP]S ALSO 9CLUDE ,VOL9E'S CORRESPOND5CE FROM ! P]IOD T[>DS ! 5D ( HIS LIFE1 :]E HE T\*ES UPON ! MATT] ?AT CONC]NS US H]E4 ,9 A LETT] TO ONE ,H5RI1 DAT$ #d4#a#a4#a#i#d#d 9 ,M>SEILLES1 HE R\ND$ UPON SOMEONE CALL$ ,FREMONT :O WAS ALLEG$ TO HAVE 0P$DL$ RUMORS AB\T HIS RELATIONS ) ,MAKHNO40 ,FREMONT HAD HAD IT FROM 0,MAKHNO'S [N LIPS ?AT1 FROM A C]TA9 PO9T ONW>DS1 HE & ,I HAD NOT BE5 ON AS FRI5DLY T]MS AS PREVI\SLY4 ,IT MAY EV5 BE ! CASE ?AT ,MAKHNO TURN$ HIM AGA9/ ME SOME:AT10 & ,FREMONT HAD SUPPOS$LY MADE ! 0SILLY *>GE0 AGA9/ HIM ?AT HE HAD 0/OL5 SOME DOCUM5TS FROM ,MAKHNO40 ,AS 0=MAL & PALPABLE PRO( ( ! NONS5SICALITY ( ?AT CRUDE CONCOCTION0 ,VOL9E CIT$ ?REE >GUM5TS 9 HIS DEF5SE4 

#a4  ,HE CLAIM$ TO HAVE 0SACRIFIC$ TWO FULL YE>S ( HIS ACTIVITIES1 9 #a#i#b#a-#a#i#b#c1 TO BR++ \T ,>%9OV'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,MOVEM5T10 & HE ADD$1 0,& ,I DO MEAN 'SACRIFIC$1' = ,I C\LD HAVE DEVOT$ MY FREE TIME TO MY [N LIT]>Y \TPUT AS ,I WAS PRESS$ TO DO & AS ,I WAS 9T]E/$ 9 DO+40 

#b4  ,HE HAD TAK5 A BACK SEAT 9 DEF]5CE TO ,>%9OV = HE HIMSELF HAD SP5T ONLY SIX MON?S ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 :]EAS ,>%9OV HAD BE5 ) IT RI<T TO ! 5D & WAS ?US BETT] 0QUALIFI$ TO WRITE A HI/ORY ( IT40 ,LAT] HE SIMPLY MADE USE ( ?AT HI/ORY & MADE DO ) ADD+ A FEW P]SONAL ANECDOTES 9 ?AT P>T ( HIS ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION DEAL+ ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T4 ,?AT AM\NTS ONLY TO A BANAL /ATEM5T ( ! FACTS AS F> AS ANY AL]T READ] IS CONC]N$1 BUT IT IS GOOD TO F9D ,VOL9E HIMSELF MAK+ ! PO9T4 

#c4  ,HE REF]S TO HIS WORK AS 'LIT]>Y $ITOR' ( ,VOLUMES ,I,I & ,I,I,I ( ,MAKHNO'S MEMOIRS :I* APPE>$ 9 ,RUSSIAN 9 #aicf & #a#i#c#g4 ,FOLL[$ BY ! TRANSLATIONS 9TO ,FR5* ( HIS =EWORDS TO BO? VOLUMES1 AS WELL AS P>T ( HIS 9TRODUCTION TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 LIFT$ FROM ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION4 

,VOL9E CLOS$ A SECOND LETT] TO ,H5RI ON #a#a4#a#a4#a#i#d#d ) ! WI% ?AT HIS CL>IFICATIONS 0WILL SATISFY COMRADES' CURIOSITY0 & 0PROVE 7TO !M7 ?AT ! LIES AB\T MY CONDUCT >E SIMPLY ! RESULT ( A CRUDE & /UPID CALUMNY CAPITALIZ+ UPON ! IGNORANCE ( MANY COMRADES REG>D+ ! TRU? ( ! MATT]40 ,)\T KN[+ MORE AB\T ! PRECISE CONT5T ( ?IS 0CALUMNY0 WE CAN ONLY NOTE ,VOL9E'S >GUM5TS & LEAVE ! 9DIVIDUAL READ] TO MAKE ( !M :AT HE WILL4 

,LET US MAKE SPECIAL NOTE ( ,VOL9E'S EXPLANATION ( ! FATE ( ,MAKHNO'S MANUSCRIPTS3 ,GAL9A ,KUZM5KO1 ,MAKHNO'S WIFE1 WAS =C$ TO BURN H] HUSB&'S TRUNK DUR+ ! ,G]MAN OCCUPATION & BR\<T ! FACT TO ,VOL9E'S ATT5TION BE=E LEAV+ = ,G]MANY 9 #a#i#d#b4 ,WE MI<T NOTE H] ?\<TLESSNESS 9 DO+ SO2 %E W\LD HAVE BE5 BETT] ADVIS$ TO 5TRU/ !M TO TRU/WOR?Y FRI5DS OR TO SOME LIBR>Y4 

,9 O!R LETT]S TO ,M>IE ,L\ISE 7,B]N]I87 ,VOL9E \TL9ES ! COMPLETE /ORY ( HIS WRIT+S ON ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 9 FACT ( ! GE/ATION ( ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION4 ,HE ALSO PROMISES !RE A =?COM+ WORK ON ,MAKHNO1 BUT ADMITS F9D+ PROBLEMS 0GETT+ TO GRIPS ) IT40 ,HE WAS DEP5D+ UPON MAK+ USE ( ! NOTES ?AT HE HAD US$ = LECTURES ON ,MAKHNO 9 #a#i#c#e-#c#f4 ,HIS ,T,B D5I$ HIM ! TIME TO DO SO & HE SUCCUMB$ TO IT %ORTLY AFT]W>DS1 LEAV+ ! PROJECT AT ! NOTES & DRAFTS /AGE1 ALL ( IT NONE!LESS AM\NT+ TO SOME #bcf PAGES1 P>TLY TYP$4 ,LET US HAVE A LOOK AT ! CONT5TS4 

,! TEXT IS 5TITL$ 0,MAKHNO1 A ,CONTRIBUTION TO ,/UDIES ( ! ,5IGMA ( ! ,P]SONALITY40 ,DRAFT$ 9 #a#i#d#e1 IT DEALS 9 BROAD T]MS ) ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION & FURNI%ES AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS AB\T ,VOL9E HIMSELF4 ,ITS PRIM>Y 9T]E/ = \R PURPOSES IS ITS DISCLOSURE ( ,VOL9E'S 9PUT 9TO ,>%9OV'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS ON ,VOL9E'S 9SI/5CE ?AT ,>%9OV M5TION$ ! MOVEM5T'S FLAWS & ?OSE ( ,MAKHNO HIMSELF1 AFT] HE HAD TOLD HIM ?AT 0SET ALONGSIDE ! TREM5D\S POSITIVE ASPECTS TO ! MOVEM5T1 :AT FEW %ORTCOM+S !RE MAY HAVE BE5 >E REALLY ( NO CONSEQU5CE0 7PAGES #c#a1 #de & #a#b#f74 ,ACCORD+ TO ,VOL9E ?IS 'OV]LOOK+' ( ! MOVEM5T'S WEAKNESSES IS V]Y MU* TO BE REGRETT$ BECAUSE !SE 09 HIS E/IMATION1 \TWEI< ! POSITIVE SIDES ( IT40 ,?AT CRITIQUE SETS ! TONE = HIS :OLE APPROA*3 HE SWIT*ES BACK & =? BETWE5 EULOGY & ! MO/ AC]BIC CRITICISM1 = 9/ANCE1 9 A ?UMBNAIL SKET* ( ,MAKHNO3 0,HE WAS AN EXTREMELY COMPLEX P]SONALITY1 'MUDDL$' MI<T BE ! RI<T WORD3 A SORT ( =MIDABLE 'RAW' G5IUS1 REPLETE ) FLAWS1 BOORI%NESS & SOPHI/ICATION ON A P> ) HIS M>KS ( G5IUS4 4 4 40 0,BEYOND QUE/ION1 HE IS TO BE NUMB]$ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AMONG ?AT TYPE ( P]SONALITY ?AT ONE NEV] MANAGES TO UND]/& COMPLETELY1 P]SONALITIES ?AT REMA9 9 ,HI/ORY =EV] A LITTLE 'ELUSIVE'4 4 4 ,5ORM\S POSITIVE ASPECTS COEXI/+ ALONGSIDE PR(\ND NEGATIVE TRAITS4 4 4 40 7PAGE #c#h74 

,9 AN UNF9I%$ *APT] 5TITL$ 0! NUB ( ! MATT]10 ,VOL9E UPBRAIDS ! EXI/5CE AMONG ! 0,UKRA9IAN PEASANTRY1 AS 9DE$ AMONG PEASANTS 7& 9 FACT MANUAL WORK]S G5]ALLY7 ALL OV] ! WORLD1 ( A HYBRID FEEL+ ( DIFFID5CE1 CONTEMPT & SULL5 HO/ILITY ?AT CAN SOMETIMES BOIL OV] 9TO ACUTE FITS ( HATR$1 VIS A-VIS 9TELLECTUALS1 'NON-MANUAL' WORK]S & 'NON-PEASANTS4' ,HE !N D5\NCES ! 0V]Y WIDESPREAD & H>MFUL PREJUDICE AMONG REVOLUTION>Y MILITANTS30 0CONCEAL+ FROM ! 'PUBLIC' & FROM ORD9>Y P>TY MILITANTS = AS LONG AS !Y CAN MANAGE IT1 ! WEAK SIDES1 '%AD[S1' %ORTCOM+S & DEFICI5CIES ( ! MOVEM5T40 ,= HIS P>T1 HE HAD1 ) 0DESP]ATE /UDI\SNESS & 9 DRIBS & DRABS0 CATALOG$ ! 0D>K SIDES0 ( ,MAKHNO'S P]SONALITY3 9 #a#i#c#h1 HE 0WAS ALREADY 9 POSSESSION ( A FAIR BIT ( 9=MATION10 BUT1 0BY ! TIME HE HAD REA*$ ! 5D ( HIS WORK 7LATE #a#i#d#a71 KNEW A LOT MORE4 4 4 40 ,WE MI<T WOND] AT !SE BELAT$ REVELATIONS =1 AS HE HIMSELF ADMITS1 AL?\< HE HAD SP5T SIX MON?S ON ,MAKHNO'S COMPANY 9 #a#i#a#i-#a#i#b1 HE HAD NOT 0KN[N A ?+ AB\T ! P]SONAL1 9TIMATE LIFE ?AT W\LD HAVE AF=D$ HIM AN 9SI<T 9TO ! V]Y DEP?S ( ! P]SONALITY 7( ,MAKHNO740 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,MAKHNO 0HAD NEV] MADE ! SLI<TE/ GE/URE TO /RIKE UP A MORE P]SONAL FRI5D%IP ) HIM40 ,?US1 9 ORD] TO UNLOCK HIS TRUE P]SONALITY1 HE W\LD USE AS HIS *IEF S\RCE ! CONFID5CES ( ,GAL9A ,KUZM5KO1 ,MAKHNO'S WIFE1 :O WAS CONTRADICT$1 IT SEEMS1 BY C]TA9 0,MAKHNOVI/ COMM&]S0 :O HAD FL$ TO ,FRANCE 7UN=TUNATELY1 ,MAKHNO NEV] NAM$ !SE7 :ILE ALLEG$LY LOOK+ UPON H] AS A 0MISMAT*0 ) ,MAKHNO4 

,VOL9E \TL9ES A V]Y EULOGI/IC SKET* ( ,MAKHNO'S GOOD QUALITIES3 0,I %\LD SAY A SPE$Y & ?OR\< GRIP ( ! TRU?1 :I* HE MANAG$ TO DIV9E FROM LIFE OV]ALL4 4 4 4 0,A PRECISE1 ACUTE & NEV]-WEAK5+ ATT5TION TO EV]Y?+ ?AT HE REG>D$ AS SIGNIFICANT 9 LIFE1 :E!R HIS [N OR LIFE 9 G5]AL 4 4 4 POSSESSION ( AN EXTREMELY SOLID & LUM9\S OV]->*+ IDEA1 IS ALSO A M>K ( G5IUS40 0,A B\NDLESS AUDACITY & TEM]ITY ) REG>D NOT JU/ TO FI<T+ BUT TO LIFE AS A :OLE4 4 4 4 ,HE /ROVE TO MAKE LIFE :AT HE WANT$ IT TO BE40 0,A SPECIFIC TAL5T = FI<T+1 BY :I* ,I DO NOT MEAN A MILIT>Y TAL5T 4 4 4 HE NEV] LO/ HIS SANG-FROID1 HIS D>+ & HE CONDUCT$ HIMSELF ) SU* SIMPLICITY & PRECISION & SIMULTANE\SLY ) CLE>1 COOL TACTICS UNTIL SU* TIME AS HIS OBJECT WAS A*IEV$40 ,H[EV]1 AS A 0LOP-SID$ MAN ( G5IUS1 :OSE N]V\SNESS ALSO WAS 9 EXCESS ( ! NORM10 ! MORE ,MAKHNO 0LE>N$ ( ! M>KS ( G5IUS1 ! MORE HE KNEW ( ITS HI< PO9TS & ( ITS L[S0 7PAGES #e#h-#f#c 74 

,AFT] !SE ROSES1 ! ?ORNS4 ,VOL9E NOTES ?AT ,MAKHNO & HE W]E TEMP]AM5TALLY 9COMPATIBLE1 SO MU* SO ?AT1 :5 ,MAKHNO HAD HIM RELEAS$ FROM ! ,*EKA PRISON 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#b1 HE HESITAT$ BE=E JO9+ HIM 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 ,MAKHNO HAD AN ANNOY+ HABIT ( FL\RI%+ HIS REVOLV] AT ! SLI<TE/ PRETEXT1 EV5 TO ! EXT5T ( ?REAT5+ HIS FUTURE COMRADE ) IT1 P]HAPS TO 0TE/ HIS METTLE0787 AS WELL AS MEMB]S ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T'S SOVIET1 & ABOVE ALL1 ( GUNN+ D[N :]E !Y /OOD C]TA9 DES]T]S FROM ! FRONT OR 9SURG5TS GUILTY ( \TRAGES4 ,HE SUPPOS$LY KILL$ PEOPLE 0)\T HAV+ DELV$ 9TO !IR CASE & )\T KN[+ IF !Y W]E 9NOC5T OR GUILTY0 7PAGES #a#c#h74 ,IF !RE IS ANY SUB/ANCE TO ?IS1 ?AT REPROA* /RIKES US AS ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT ( ,VOL9E'S CRITICISMS =1 AS F> AS ! RE/ GOES1 WE SEEM TO BE DEAL+ ) SOME?+ ( AN OBSESSION ON HIS P>T1 D]IV+ PROBABLY FROM ! RUN-9S !Y HAD HAD AS EMIGRES1 BO? P]SONALLY 7,MAKHNO HAD ACCUS$ ,VOL9E ( DI%ONE/Y7 & !ORETICALLY 7,VOL9E SUPPORT$ ! ,AN>*I/ ,SYN!SIS :IL/ ,MAKHNO WAS AN 5?USIA/ ( ! ,PLAT=M74 

,WE MI<T ALSO NOTE A FEW SURPRIS+ 9ACCURACIES 9 ,VOL9E'S 9=MATION2 HE HAS ,MAKHNO DY+ A YE> E>LI] ?AN 9 FACT HE DID & CR$ITS HIM ) HAV+ HAD AS HIS REAL NAME ! PSEUDONYM - ,MIKHNI5KO - UND] :I* HE HAD DECL>$ HIMSELF ON HIS >RIVAL 9 ,FRANCE4 ,!SE MIX-UPS & RECRIM9ATIONS MI<T P]HAPS BE EXPLICABLE 9 T]MS ( ,VOL9E'S CIRCUM/ANCES AT ! TIME :5 HE WAS DRAFT+ MO/ ( !SE NOTES3 UND] ! ,G]MAN OCCUPATION1 9 ,M>SEILLES1 HE HAD EV]Y REASON TO FE> ! ,GE/APO & ! ,PETA9I/ ,MILICE & WELL KNEW ! RIGORS & DEPRIVATION ( CL&E/9E LIFE4 ,H[EV] IT SEEMS TO US ?AT ! KEY TO ! ANIMOSITY BETWE5 ! PAIR CAN BE TRAC$ TO ! CONTRA/ TO :I* WE REF]R$ E>LI] BETWE5 ! ACTIVI/ PEASANT & ! MORALIZ+ 9TELLECTUAL UNCONNECT$ ) SOCIAL PRACTICE4#a#a ,VOL9E APPE>S ALSO TO HAVE NURTUR$ RES5TM5T BECAUSE HE RECALL$ ?AT 9 ,B]L9 9 #a#i#b#e1 SEE+ ,MAKHNO AGA9 = ! FIR/ TIME 9 SEV]AL YE>S1 HE TOLD HIM ?AT 0,>%9OV1 AN 9TELLECTUAL & ,MAKHNO A PEASANT0 W]E A 0TEAM0 & ?AT !Y HAD TO REMA9 09SEP>ABLE40 ,MAKHNO SUPPOS$LY W\LD NOT LI/5 TO HIM#a#b & 0?REW IT ALL UP0 BY 0GETT+ MAYBE MORE DRUNK ?AN BE=E40 ,HIS WAS 0UND\BT$LY A NATURE ) ! TAL5TS ( A G5IUS1 CAPABLE ( ACTIVELY & DOGG$LY PURSU+ :ATEV] GOAL HE HAD SET HIMSELF1 A MAN :O HAD A M>VEL\S KN[-H[ & :O C\LD AT ! SAME TIME TOPPLE FROM SU* HEI<TS 9TO ! DEEPE/ DEP?S1 UNTIL HE TURN$ 9TO A 'HUMAN D]ELICT'7670 7,PAGE #g#e47 ,LIKEWISE1 9 ! ,UKRA9E HE HAD REFUS$ TO SUFF] HIS 0MORAL 9FLU5CE07PAGE #a#d#b7 PREF]R+ ?AT ( ! 0CAM>ILLA0 MADE UP ( A SECTION ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ COMM&]S4 ,= ALL HIS 0QUALITIES10 ,MAKHNO REMA9$1 AS F> AS ,VOL9E WAS CONC]N$1 0AN IGNORANT1 UNCULTIVAT$1 UN$UCAT$ FELL[0 7PAGE #f71 ESPECIALLY AS HE HAD AN 0AV]SION TO ANY?+ ?AT WAS NOT PEASANT4 ,BE+ HIMSELF #a P]C5T PEASANT1 HE WAS COMPLETELY FAMILI> ) PEASANT LIFE & 9CL9$ TO CRITICIZE ANYONE :O WAS NOT A PEASANT4 ,HE DID NOT HAVE MU* CONFID5CE 9 WORK]S BECAUSE ! WORK]1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 HAD ALREADY BE5 SO TO SPEAK DEMORALIZ$ BY ! MAD1 BAD LIFE 9 ! T[NS & 9 9DU/RY :]E HE /OOD ALONGSIDE ! BOSSES4 ,HE HAD EV5 LESS CONFID5CE 9 9TELLECTUALS & POK$ FUN AT !M4 ,GIV5 ?AT1 IT WAS V]Y H>D TO TALK TO HIM AB\T ! FLAWS ( HIS ORGANIZATION BECAUSE HE RETORT$ ) ALL SORTS ( MOCK]Y ?AT LEFT Y\ NONPLUS$ & D5I$ Y\ EV]Y *ANCE ( SETTL+ MATT]S ONE WAY OR ANO!R40 7,PAGE #a#c#d47 ,ELSE:]E1 ,VOL9E M5TIONS !SE TRAITS ( ,MAKHNO'S *>ACT] EV5 MORE EXPLICITLY3 0BL9D CONFID5CE 9 ! PEASANTRY1 DI/RU/ ( ALL ! O!R CLASSES ( SOCIETY3 A C]TA9 CONTEMPT = 9TELLECTUALS1 EV5 AN>*I/ ONES40 7,PAGE #d#i47 

,?IS IS ! NUB ( ! MATT] & ! SPOT :]E ! KNIFE W5T 9TO ,VOL9E6 ,AS A 0MORALLY IRREPROA*ABLE0 9TELLECTUAL1 HE HAD HI< HOPES ( ACT+ AS A KEEP] ( CONSCI5CE1 9 ORD] TO /E] IT ALONG ! 0RI<T ROAD40 ,9/EAD ( :I* ,MAKHNO HAD REFUS$ HIS ADVICE1 P]HAPS MOCK+LY1 9 ORD] TO FALL BACK UPON HIS BASE 9/9CTS AS A 0MUZHIK06 ,AS IF TO CONFIRM ?IS1 :IL/ 9 EXILE 9 ,P>IS1 ,VOL9E ONE DAY LABEL$ HIM A MUZHIK 7:I* MU/ HAVE BE5 AN 9SULT EQUIVAL5T 9 HIS EYES TO 0IGNORANT BRUTE0 OR SOME SU*7 & AN AN>*I/ HONOR BO>D HAD TO BE ASSEMBL$ TO SMOO? OV] ! FALL+ \T4#a#c 

,9 FACT1 \T ( ! #bcf H&-WRITT5 PAGES SUPPOS$LY DEAL+ ) ,MAKHNO1 ONLY A V]Y FEW RELATE DIRECTLY TO ! SUBJECT1 MO/ BE+ GIV5 OV] TO ALL MANN] ( DIGRESSIONS4 ,TO BACK UP HIS CRITICISMS1 ,VOL9E CITES SOME SPECIFIC 9/ANCES 9 :I* HE WAS AN EYE-WITNESS OR A PROTAGONI/3 ! REMA9D] IS ONLY IMPRESSIONS1 HE>SAY EVID5CE & 9CONSEQU5TIAL CONFID5CES FROM ,MAKHNO'S WIFE1 :I* SEEMS LITTLE V]Y SLI<T BASIS = ! GRAVITY ( ! *>GES HE BR+S4 ,IT /RIKES US AS OBVI\S !N ?AT ! CR$5CE TO BE PLAC$ 9 !SE %\LD BE MEASUR$ ALONGSIDE ! DEGREE ( 5MITY ?AT HE BORE ,MAKHNO4 ,HE W\LD HAVE BE5 BETT] ADVIS$ TO DESCRIBE 9 DETAIL1 NOT JU/ A FEW EPISODES1 BUT ! 5TIRETY ( HIS TIME ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5TS1 UNLESS HE SP5T ?AT TIME 0CLOI/]$0 9 HIS CULTURAL ACTIVITIES & DELIB]ATELY AVOID$ M+L+ ) ! 0MUZHIKS0 & SPEAK+ DIRECTLY & P]T95TLY TO !M1 )\T HAV+ TO RELY UPON SECONDH& 9=MATION4 ,HE C\LD ALSO HAVE REVIEW$ ! CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT PREFAC$ HIS >RIVAL 9 ! 9SURG5T CAMP3 IT WAS ,MAKHNO 9 P]SON :O DISPAT*$ A DETA*M5T TO RESCUE HIM FROM ! CLUT*ES ( ! ,PETLIURI/ P>TISANS4 ,IT WAS ALSO AT ! SUGGE/ION & 9/IGATION ( ,MAKHNO ?AT HE WAS APPO9T$ *AIRMAN ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,SOVIET ( ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T = SEV]AL MON?S1 & AGA9 ,MAKHNO :O MADE HIS RELEASE ONE ( ! CONDITIONS UPON ! IMPLEM5TATION ( ! MILIT>Y & POLITICAL TREATY AGRE$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 #a#i#b4 ,HE ALSO OMITS TO M5TION ! 0DEPOSITION0 HE MADE BE=E A ,*EKI/ 9VE/IGAT+ MAGI/RATE1 A 0DEPOSITION0 CRITICAL1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 = SOVIET HI/ORIANS HAVE S9CE US$ IT TO DISCR$IT !M4#a#d 

,9 SUB/ANCE1 ALL ( !SE R&OM JOTT+S1 AWA% ) SWEEP+ G5]ALIZATIONS1 /RIKE US AS REVEAL+ MORE AB\T ! AU?OR'S P]SONALITY ?AN AB\T ,MAKHNO'S3 :I* IS PROBABLY :Y !Y HAVE REMA9$ UNPUBLI%$ ?US F>4 ,H[EV]1 DESPITE !IR OBVI\S EXAGG]ATIONS1 !SE TEXTS DES]VE TO BE BETT] KN[N1 AS C]TA9 PASSAGES FROM !M >E ( DEF9ITE VALUE = ! P]IOD4 ,AS = ,MAKHNO'S 0TRUE0 P]SONALITY1 ?AT EM]GES SUFFICI5TLY FROM ALL HIS WRIT+S - MEMOIRS & >TICLES ALIKE - = US TO AVOID REF]5CE TO ! AN>*I/ 0RUMOR MILL0 9 SE>* ( FUR!R 0S5SATIONAL0 DISCLOSURES4 

,9 ! CONTEXT ( ?IS BIBLIOGRAPHICAL UPDATE1 LET US NOTE ! ORAL TE/IMONY ( ! HI/ORIAN ,OLEG ,KO%*UK1 :O IS ( ,UKRA9IAN EXTRACTION4 ,HIS MO!R WAS 9T]N$ 9 ,POL& 9 ! SAME CAMP AS ,MAKHNO & REMEMB]S ?AT C]TA9 ,PETLIURI/S WANT$ TO ATTEMPT ! LIB]T>IAN'S LIFE1 PROBABLY REMEMB]+ SOME SKIRMI% ?AT W5T AGA9/ !M4 ,AT :I* PO9T1 IT WAS 9TIMAT$ TO !M BY HI<LY PLAC$ NATIONALI/ LEAD]S ?AT ANY MOVE AGA9/ ,MAKHNO W\LD BE CON/RU$ AS AN ACT ( HO/ILITY T[>DS ! ,UKRA9IAN CAUSE4 ,DESPITE !IR POLITICAL DIFF]5CES1 E?NIC SOLID>ITY CAME 9TO PLAY H]E TO UNITE ,UKRA9IANS FROM BO? BANKS ( ! RIV] ,DNIEPR4 

,N,O,T,E,S 

#a4 ,DYELO ,TRUDA ,FEBRU>Y-,M>* #a#i#b#h1 ,NO4 #c#c-#c#d1 PP4 #g-#i4  

#b4 ,DYELO ,TRUDA ,JUNE-,JULY #a#i#b#h1 ,NO4 #c#g-#c#h1 PP4 #a-#a#b4 

#c4 ,DYELO ,TRUDA ,M>* #a#i#b#g1 ,NO4 #b#b1 P4#a#b4 

#d4 ,DYELO ,TRUDA ,JULY-,AUGU/ #a#i#b#g1 ,NO4 #a-#a#b4 

#e4 ,P4 ,LITV9OV ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO ET LA QUE/ION JUIVE #ba TYPEWRITT5 PAGES DAT$ #ah ,JUNE #a#i#h#b1 ,MOSC[4 ,?IS TEXT HAS BE5 PUBLI%$ BY ! MAGAZ9E ,VREMYA I MY 7,TIME & ,US7 9 ,ISRAEL1 ,NO4 #a#g1 #a#i#h#c4  

#f4 ,A ,REVI/A ,AN>*ICA1 #h ,NOVEMB] #a#i#h#c1 ,MILAN 7,ITALY74 

#g4 ,A #a#f-PAGE MANUSCRIPT4  

#h4 ,IDA ,METT1 ,S\V5IRS SUR ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 ,P>IS #a#i#h#c1 PP4 #b#e-#b#f4  

#i4 ,LETT] TO ! AU?OR1 #bg ,DECEMB] #a#i#h#b4  

#a4 ,ADDRESS3 #e RUE ,CAPLAT1 #geah ,P>IS4 

#a#a4 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 LE COSAQU DE L',AN>*IE PP4 #c#b#c-#c#b#f & #c#e#h-#c#f  

#a#b4 ,P]HAPS HE DID NOT AGREE ) ! DEF9ITION ( ?IS AN>*I/ 0HOLY TR9ITY80  

#a#c4 ,M9UTES ( ! MEET+ CAN BE F\ND 9 ! PAP]S ( ,R5E ,FU*S4 ,SEE ,>*IVES ,JEAN ,MAITRON4  

#a#d4 ,NOT ?AT ?IS /OPP$ !M FROM UPBRAID+ HIM AS WELL3 ! MO/ REC5T ONE1 ,SEMANOV1 EV5 ALLEGES1 APROPOS HIS 0$IT+0 ( ,MAKHNO'S ,MEMOIRS1 ?AT HE 0WAS A P>ASITE0 ON ,MAKHNO4 ,S4,N4 ,SEMANOV 0,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A & ITS COLLAPSE0 9 ,VOPROSY ,I/ORII 7,QUE/IONS ( ,HI/ORY7 ,MOSC[1 #a#i#f#f1 ,NO4 #i1 P4 #eb 7NOTE #h#a74 ,LET US PO9T \T ALSO A LITTLE KN[N SOME?+3 ,VOL9E'S BRO!R1 ,BORIS ,EI*5BAUM 7#a#h#h#f-#a#i#e#i7 WAS ! !ORETICIAN ( ! 0=MALI/0 S*OOL1 & LAT] AN IMPORTANT LIT]>Y CRITIC UND] ! ,/AL9 REGIME4 

,FROM 3 ,SPUNK4ORG4 

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