,*APT] #c 
,ON ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION 

#aibfaibf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,TEXT 3 

,)9 ! CONTEXT ( ! DEBATE ?AT HAS TAK5 PLACE AMONG \R COMRADES FROM MANY L&S REG>D+ ! ,DRAFT ,PLAT=M ( ! ,G5]AL ,UNION ( ,AN>*I/S1 PUBLI%$ BY ! GR\P ( ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S ABROAD1 ,I HAVE BE5 ASK$ FROM SEV]AL QU>T]S TO WRITE A PIECE SPECIFICALLY DEVOT$ TO ! ISSUE ( ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,I %ALL /RIVE TO DEAL ) IT MO/ DILIG5TLY1 BUT1 BE=E ,I DO1 ,I ?9K ,I HAVE A DUTY TO 9=M COMRADES ?AT ?IS IS NOT ! C5TRAL ISSUE ( ! ,DRAFT ,PLAT=M3 ! CRUX ( IT IS ! NECESSITY ( A*IEV+ ! MO/ CONSI/5T UNITY 9 \R LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ RANKS4 ,?AT PORTION ASKS ONLY = AM5DM5T & COMPLETION BE=E IMPLEM5TATION4 ,O!RWISE1 IF WE DO NOT /RIVE TO M>%AL \R =CES1 \R MOVEM5T WILL BE CONDEMN$ TO SUCCUMB ONCE & = ALL TO ! 9FLU5CES ( LIB]ALS & OPPORTUNI/S :O HAUNT \R CIRCLES1 IF NOT \TRI<T SPECULATORS & POLITICAL ADV5TUR]S1 :O1 AT BE/1 CAN PRATTLE ON & ON BUT >E 9CAPABLE ( FI<T+ ON ! GR\ND = ! ATTA9M5T ( \R GREAT OBJECTIVES4 ,! LATT] CAN ONLY HAPP5 IF WE C>RY ALONG ) US ALL :O 9/9CTIVELY BELIEVE 9 ! RI<TNESS ( \R /RUGGLE & :O SEEK TO A*IEVE ! WIDE/ POSSIBLE FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE ?R\< REVOLUTION1 SO AS TO BUILD A NEW LIFE & A NEW SOCIETY1 :]E9 ! 9DIVIDUAL MAY AT LA/ & UNIMP$$ EX]CISE HIS CREATIVE DRIVE ON BEHALF ( ! G5]AL GOOD4 

,AS F> AS ! SPECIFIC ISSUE ( DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION GOES1 ,I %ALL BE RELY+ UPON MY FIR/-H& EXP]I5CES DUR+ ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 9 ! C\RSE ( ?AT UNEQUAL1 BUT DECISIVE /RUGGLE WAG$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S4 ,?OSE EXP]I5CES TAU<T ME1 FIR/1 ?AT DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION IS DIRECTLY B\ND UP ) ITS (F5SIVE AGA9/ ! ,C\NT]REVOLUTION3 SECONDLY1 ITS EXPANSION & ITS 9T5SITY >E AT ALL TIMES CONDITION$ BY ! RESI/ANCE ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES3 ?IRDLY1 :AT FOLL[S FROM ! ABOVE1 NAMELY ?AT REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS >E CLOSELY DEP5D5T ON ! POLITICAL CONT5T1 /RUCTURE & ORGANIZATIONAL ME?ODS ADOPT$ BY ! >M$ REVOLUTION>Y DETA*M5TS1 :O >E OBLIG$ TO CONFRONT CONV5TIONAL1 C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y >MIES ALONG A HUGE FRONT4 

,9 ITS FI<T AGA9/ ITS 5EMIES1 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AT FIR/ BEGAN BY ORGANIZ+ ,R$ ,GU>D DETA*M5TS UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,IT WAS V]Y QUICKLY SPOTT$ ?AT !SE FAIL$ TO )/& ! PRESSURES FROM 5EMY TROOPS1 TO BE SPECIFIC1 ! ,G]MAN1 ,AU/RIAN & ,HUNG>IAN EXP$ITION>Y CORPS1 = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT1 MO/ ( ! TIME1 !Y OP]AT$ )\T ANY OV]ALL OP]ATIONAL GUIDE-L9ES4 ,?AT IS :Y ! ,BOL%EVIKS TURN$ 9 ! SPR+ ( #aiah TO ! ORGANIZATION ( A ,R$ ,>MY4 

,IT WAS !N ?AT WE ISSU$ ! CALL TO =M 0FREE BATTALIONS0 ( ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S4 ,IT QUICKLY TRANSPIR$ ?AT ?AT ORGANIZATION WAS P[]LESS TO SURVIVE 9T]NAL PROVOCATIONS ( EV]Y SORT1 GIV5 ?AT1 )\T ADEQUATE VETT+1 POLITICAL OR SOCIAL1 IT TOOK 9 ALL VOLUNTE]S PROVID$ ONLY ?AT !Y WANT$ TO TAKE UP !IR WEAPONS & FI<T4 ,?IS WAS :Y ! >M$ UNITS E/ABLI%$ BY ?AT ORGANIZATION W]E TREA*]\SLY DELIV]$ TO ! 5EMY1 A FACT ?AT PREV5T$ IT FROM SEE+ ?R\< ITS HI/ORICAL MISSION 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ! =EIGN C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,H[EV]1 FOLL[+ ?AT 9ITIAL SET-BACK TO ! 0FREE BATTALIONS0 ORGANIZATION - :I* MI<T BE DESCRIB$ AS FI<T+ UNITS ( ! REVOLUTION'S FIR/ L9E ( DEF5SE - WE DID NOT LOSE \R HEADS4 ,! ORGANIZATION WAS SOME:AT OV]HAUL$ 9 ITS =MAT3 ! BATTALIONS W]E COMPLEM5T$ BY LI<T P>TISAN DETA*M5TS ( A MIX$ TYPE1 ?AT IS1 COMPRIS+ 9FANTRY & CAVALRY ALIKE4 ,! TASK ( !SE DETA*M5TS WAS TO OP]ATE F> BEH9D ! 5EMY'S L9ES4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION PROV$ ITSELF DUR+ ITS OP]ATIONS AGA9/ ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN EXP$ITION>Y =CES & ! B&S ( ! ,HETMAN ,SKOROPADSKY1 !IR ALLY1 DUR+ ! LATE SUMM] & AUTUMN ( #a#i#a#h4 

,/ICK+ TO ?AT =M ( ORGANIZ+ ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S W]E ABLE TO WRE/ FROM ! CLUT*ES ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES ! NOOSE ?AT ! LATT] HAD ?R[N >\ND ! REVOLUTION 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,:AT IS MORE1 NOT CONT5T ) DEF5D+ ! REVOLUTION1 !Y FOLL[$ IT ?R\< AS FULLY AS !Y C\LD4"9 

,AS ! 9T]NAL C\NT]-REVOLUTION SPREAD 9SIDE ! C\NTRY1 IT RECEIV$ AID FROM O!R C\NTRIES1 NOT JU/ 9 ! =M ( >MS & MUNITIONS BUT ALSO 9 ! %APE ( TROOPS4 ,DESPITE ?AT1 \R ORGANIZATION ( ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION ALSO EXP&$ 9 SIZE & AT ! SAME TIME1 AS ! NE$ >OSE1 ADOPT$ A NEW =MAT & MORE SUITABLE FI<T+ ME?ODS4 

,WE KN[ ?AT ! MO/ P]IL\S C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y FRONT AT ?AT TIME WAS MANN$ BY ! >MY ( ,G5]AL ,D5IK93 H[EV]1 ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T HELD ITS [N AGA9/ HIM = FIVE TO SIX MON?S4 ,A FAIR NUMB] ( ! BE/ ,D5IK9I/ COMM&]S CAME TO GRIEF AGA9/ \R UNITS :I* HAD NO WEAPONS O!R ?AN ?OSE TAK5 FROM ! 5EMY4 ,\R ORGANIZATION MADE A L>GE CONTRIBUTION TO ?AT3 )\T TRAMPL+ ON ! AUTONOMY ( ! FI<T+ UNITS1 IT REORGANIZ$ !M 9TO REGIM5TS & BRIGADES COORD9AT$ BY A COMMON OP]ATIONAL ,/AFF4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! LATT] WAS FEASIBLE ONLY ?ANKS TO ! APPRECIATION BY ! TOIL+ REVOLUTION>Y MASSES S]V+ ON ! FRONT L9ES FAC+ ! 5EMY AS WELL AS BEH9D HIS L9ES1 ( ! NECESSITY ( A S+LE MILIT>Y COMM&4 ,FUR!RMORE1 /ILL UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( \R LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ PEASANT GR\P FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 ! TOIL]S ALSO SAW TO IT ?AT EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL WAS AW>D$ EQUAL RI<TS TO TAKE P>T 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ! NEW SOCIETY1 9 EV]Y SPH]E1 9CLUD+ ! OBLIGATION TO DEF5D ITS GA9S4 

,?US1 :IL/ ! ,D5IK9 FRONT ?REAT5$ ! V]Y LIFE ( ! LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION :I* WAS BE+ WAT*$ ) A LIVELY 9T]E/ BY ! POPULATION AT L>GE1 ! REVOLUTION>Y TOIL]S CAME TOGE!R ON ! BASIS ( \R ORGANIZATIONAL NOTION ( DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION1 MAK+ ?AT !IR [N & !Y BOL/]$ ! 9SURG5T >MY ) A REGUL> 9FLUX ( FRE% COMBATANTS TO RELIEVE ! W\ND$ & ! WE>Y4 

,ELSE:]E1 ! PRACTICAL REQUIREM5TS ( ! /RUGGLE 9DUC$ \R MOVEM5T TO E/ABLI% AN OP]ATIONAL & ORGANIZATIONAL ,/AFF TO %>E ! OV]SI<T ( ALL ! FI<T+ UNITS4 ,IT IS BECAUSE ( ?IS PRACTICE ?AT ,I F9D MYSELF UNABLE TO SUBSCRIBE TO ! VIEW ?AT REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S REJECT ! NE$ = SU* A ,/AFF TO OV]SEE ! >M$ REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE /RATEGICALLY4 ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT ANY REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ F9D+ HIMSELF 9 ! SAME CIRCUM/ANCES AS ?OSE ,I 5C\NT]$ 9 ! CIVIL W> 9 ! ,UKRA9E WILL1 ( NECESSITY1 BE IMPELL$ TO DO AS WE DID4 ,IF1 9 ! C\RSE ( ! COM+ AU!NTIC SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 !RE >E AN>*I/S :O REBUT !SE ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES1 !N 9 \R MOVEM5T WE WILL HAVE ONLY EMPTY *ATT]]S OR DEAD-WEI<T1 H>MFUL ELEM5TS :O WILL BE REJECT$ 9 %ORT ORD]4 

,9 TACKL+ ! RESOLUTION ( ! MATT] ( ! REVOLUTION'S DEF5SE1 AN>*I/S MU/ UNCEAS+LY LOOK TO ! SOCIAL *>ACT] ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 ,FAC$ ) A MASS REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 WE HAVE TO ACKN[L$GE ! NE$ TO ORGANIZE ?AT & 5D[ IT ) MEANS WOR?Y ( IT1 !N ?R[ \RSELVES 9TO IT :OLE-HE>T$LY4 ,O!RWISE1 IF WE APPE> TO BE DREAM]S & UTOPIANS1 !N WE MU/ NOT HAMP] ! TOIL]S' /RUGGLE1 9 P>TICUL> ?OSE :O FOLL[ ! /ATE SOCIALI/S4 ,BEYOND ! %AD[ ( A D\BT1 AN>*ISM IS & REMA9S A REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL MOVEM5T & ?AT IS :Y ,I AM & ALWAYS WILL BE AN ADVOCATE ( ITS HAV+ A WELL >TICULAT$ ORGANIZATION & SUPPORT ! E/ABLI%M5T1 COME ! REVOLUTION1 ( BATTALIONS1 REGIM5TS1 BRIGADES & DIVISIONS DESIGN$ TO AMALGAMATE1 AT C]TA9 TIMES1 9TO ONE COMMON >MY1 UND] A S+LE REGIONAL COMM& 9 ! %APE ( SUP]VISORY ORGANIZATIONAL ,/AFFS4 ,! TASK ( ! LATT] WILL BE1 ACCORD+ TO ! REQUIREM5TS & CONDITIONS ( ! /RUGGLE1 TO DRAW UP A F$]ATIVE OP]ATIONAL PLAN1 COORD9AT+ ! ACTIONS ( REGIONAL >MIES1 SO AS TO BR+ TO A SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION ! FI<T+ CONDUCT$ ON ALL FRONTS AGA9/ ! >M$ C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,! MATT] ( ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION IS NO EASY MATT]3 IT MAY REQUIRE V]Y GREAT ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITM5T FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES4 ,AN>*I/S MU/ REALIZE ?AT & /& BY TO ASSI/ !M 9 ?AT UND]TAK+4 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO #b#e1 ,JUNE #a#i#b#g1 PP4 #a #c-#a#d4 

,FROM 3 ,SPUNK4ORG4 

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