,! ,/UD5T ,MOVEM5T 9 ,*ILE ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 ,TEXT 3 ,=TY-F\R YE>S AGO TODAY1 ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#a1 #a#i#g#c1 A MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP SEIZ$ P[] 9 ,*ILI VIA A ,C,I,A-SPONSOR$ C\P4 ,!Y MURD]$ ?\S&S ( PEOPLE )\T TRIAL1 TORTUR$ T5S ( ?\S&S1 & =C$ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S 9TO EXILE 9 A S]IES ( ATROCITIES ?AT SOME ,TRUMP SUPPORT]S OP5LY FANTASIZE AB\T C>RY+ \T 9 ! ,U,S4 ,TODAY1 ! LEGACY ( ! DICTATOR%IP P]SI/S 9 ! LAWS IT PASS$ & ! CUT?ROAT NEOLIB]AL POLICIES IT 9TRODUC$1 BUT ALSO 9 ! REPRESSIVE POLIC+ APP>ATUS ?AT S]VES DEMOCRACY ! SAME WAY IT S]V$ A DICTATOR4 ,& SOME?+ ELSE P]SI/S3 A P[]FUL RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T4 ,9 ! LATE/ 9/ALLM5T ( \R S]IES ON /UD5T ORGANIZ+1 WE 9T]VIEW$ AN AN>*I/ P>TICIPANT 9 ! ,*ILEAN /UD5T MOVEM5T1 9 HOPES ( (F]+ A LITTLE P]SPECTIVE ON :AT /UD5T /RUGGLES LOOK LIKE \TSIDE ! ,U,S4 ,PLEASE TRACE ! ORIG9S ( AN>*I/ P>TICIPATION 9 ! CONTEMPOR>Y /UD5T MOVEM5T 9 ,*ILI4 ,AN>*ISM BOOM$ 9 ,*ILI DUR+ ! FIR/ TWO DECADES ( ! #b? C5TURY4 ,9 L>GE P>T1 ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T SPREAD ?IS IDEOLOGICAL CURR5T ?R\< /RIKES SU* AS ! LONG%OREM5'S /RIKE 9 #a#i#c1 ! MEATPACK]S' /RIKE 9 #a#i#e1 & ! FAM\S M9]S' /RIKE ( #aig 9 ,IQUIQUE4 ,AN>*ISM BEGAN TO DECL9E DUR+ ! #a#i#cS DUE TO ! RISE ( ,M>XISM ON ONE H& & ! RISE ( FASCISM ON ! O!R1 :ILE P>TS ( ! ,LEFT BECAME MORE & MORE 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ & 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! B\RGEOIS ELECTORAL SY/EM4 ,OV] ! FOLL[+ DECADES1 AN>*ISM DIM9I%$ 9 ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T UNTIL1 BY ! TIME ( ! DICTATOR%IP 7#a#i#g#c-#a#i#i71 IT HAD BECOME A M9ORITY POSITION1 MORE READILY F\ND 9 SMALL CIRCLES ( 9TELLECTUALS4 ,9 ! #a#i#iS1 AN>*ISM BEGAN ITS REBIR? 9 ,*ILI ALONGSIDE ! EM]G+ PUNK SC5E & ! P>TICIPATION ( 5CAPU*ADOS 7MASK$ ONES7 9 UNIV]SITY PROTE/S & /REET DEMON/RATIONS4 ,BY ?IS TIME1 AN>*ISM WAS NO LONG] AN*OR$ TO ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T2 IT WAS BE+ REBORN AS A P>T ( ! C\NT]CULTURE 9 ! /REETS1 SQUATS1 HI< S*OOLS1 UNIV]SITIES1 & O!R 9=MAL SPACES1 AMONG ! G5]ATIONS ?AT CAME ( AGE DUR+ ! DICTATOR%IP :ILE LI/5+ TO B&S LIKE ,LA ,POLLA ,RECORDS1 ,LOS ,MIS]ABLES1 ,FISKALES ,AD-,HOK1 ,SKA-,P1 & ! LIKE4 ,!RE WAS ALSO ! 9FLU5CE ( ! LATT] G5]ATIONS ( COMBATANT Y\? DUR+ ! #a#i#hS4 ,BY ?AT TIME1 Y\NG PEOPLE HAD LE>N$ A LOT AB\T /REET COMBAT 9 ! C\RSE ( RESI/+ ! DICTATOR%IP1 AL?\< IDEOLOGICALLY ?IS (T5 DID NOT EXT5D BEYOND OPPOSITION TO ! POLICE4 ,! 9FLU5CE ( ! HET]ODOX ,M>XI/ GU]RILLA ORGANIZATION ,M,A,P,U-,LAUT>O1 = EXAMPLE1 & ! DECL9E ( MORE TRADITIONAL >M$ ,M>XI/ GR\PS LIKE ! ,F,P,M,R 7,MANUEL ,RODRIGUEZ ,PATRIOTIC ,FRONT1 ! GU]RILLA W+ ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY7 & ! ,M,I,R 7! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,LEFT ,MOVEM5T7 CREAT$ A SITUATION 9 :I* >M$ /RUGGLE WAS NO LONG] C5TRALIZ$ 9 ! H&S ( GR\PS ?AT ASPIR$ TO SEIZE /ATE P[]4 ,AS C5TRALIZ$ GR\PS DECL9$1 M9ORIT>IAN GR\PS & POSITIONS APPE>$ ?AT ORGANIZ$ HORIZONTALLY & PRACTIC$ A L[ LEVEL ( DEF5SIVE VIOL5CE4 ,?IS SET ! /AGE = ! NEW G5]ATION ( 5CAPU*ADOS ?AT HAD BE5 BORN 9 ! #a#i#iS TO ADVANCE A NEW POSITION & NEW K9DS ( ACTION 9 ! MASSIVE EXPLOSION ( PROTE/ 9 HI< S*OOLS 9 #b#f4 ,! FIR/ PROTE/S AGA9/ UNIV]SITY TUITION HIKES UND] ,PRESID5T ,RIC>DO ,LAGOS 7#b-#b#f7 HAD BEGUN TO PICK UP /EAM 9 #b#d4 ,9 #b#f1 ! SO-CALL$ 0,P5GU9 ,REVOLUTION0 BROKE \T4 ,?IS WAS ! FIR/ AWAK5+ ( /UD5TS ON A MASSIVE SCALE S9CE ! PROTE/S ?AT TOOK PLACE 9 ! #a#i#hS UND] ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,?IS TIME1 IT WAS A G5]ATION ?AT HADN'T LIV$ UND] ! DICTATOR%IP1 A G5]ATION ?AT GREW UP UND] DEMOCRACY YET REALIZ$ ?AT ! Y GOV]NM5T & !IR CIVIL TE*NOCRATS4 ,WE /ILL >E TODAY4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 9 #b#f1 ! ,ORGANIC ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,LAW ON ,$UCATION 7,L,O,C,E7 CREAT$ UND] ! DICTATOR%IP WAS /ILL 9 PLACE4 ,IT SECUR$ A PREC>I\S $UCATION = ! POOR & A LUXURY $UCATION = ! RI*1 CREAT+ A BRUTAL CLASS DIVIDE ?AT MANIFE/$ ITSELF 9 ! SCORES ON UNIV]SITY SELECTION EXAMS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ,SANTIAGO WAS WRACK$ BY G5]ALIZ$ DISCONT5T G5]AT$ BY ! 9TRODUCTION ( A NEW URBAN BUS SY/EM 70TRANSANTIAGO07--A TOTAL DISA/] ?AT HAD GRAVE CONSEQU5CES = ?OSE :O HAD TO COMMUTE ?R\< ! MOD]N & B\RGEOIS P>TS ( ,SANTIAGO4 ,?R\<\T ! :OLE PROCESS ( /UD5T REBELLION1 ! QUE/ION ( ! LEGITIMACY ( VIOL5CE AS A MEANS ( POLITICAL EXPRESSION CAME TO ! =E4 ,! DIFF]5T RESPONSES TO ?AT QUE/ION CAPTURE ALL ! DIFF]5T POSITIONS Y\ C\LD F9D 9 ?IS IDEOLOGICALLY HET]OG5E\S MOVEM5T4 ,A NEW G5]ATION ( AN>*I/ & ,M>XI/ Y\? DIFF]5TIAT$ !MSELVES 9 ?OSE DEBATES1 EM]G+ 9 ! /UD5T PROTE/S & ! TRADITIONAL ANNUAL DEMON/RATIONS ( ,MAY #a & ,SEPTEMB] #a#a4 ,VIOL5CE HAS ALWAYS BE5 CONTROV]SIAL AS A ME?OD ( /RUGGLE1 BUT ! CONTRADICTIONS )9 ! CURR5T /UD5T MOVEM5T C5T] >\ND ?IS QUE/ION4 ,TO PUT ?IS 9 HI/ORICAL CONTEXT1 WE CAN CONTRA/ !SE CONTRADICTIONS TO ! DEBATES ( ! #a#i#fS1 '#gS1 & '#hS4 ,9 ! #a#i#gS1 ! *IEF CONFLICT 9 BO? ! WORK]S' & /UD5TS' MOVEM5TS WAS AB\T ! DI*OTOMY ( RE=M V]SUS REVOLUTION--= EXAMPLE1 ! ,M,I,R 9VOK+ ! NE$ = >M$ /RUGGLE V]SUS ! DEMOCRATIC RE=MISM ( ! ,COMMUNITY ,P>TY 7,P,C74 ,9 #b#a/ C5TURY PROTE/S 9 ,*ILI1 BY CONTRA/1 ! GR\PS ?AT UTILIZE VIOL5CE DON'T JU/ CONFRONT ! POLICE--!Y OPPOSE EV]Y /RUCTURE ?AT C5TRALIZES POLITICAL1 RELIGI\S1 ECONOMIC1 OR SOCIAL P[]4 ,?IS IS :Y DEMON/RATORS SOMETIMES T>GET BANKS1 PH>MACIES1 GOV]NM5TAL BUILD+S1 *UR*ES1 FA/ FOOD *A9S1 & ! LIKE4 ,?IS IS ! CONSEQU5CE ( ! TRANS=MATION FROM ! DICTATOR%IP TO ! CURR5T MODEL ( ,*ILEAN SOCIETY4 ,DEMON/RATORS >E NO LONG] SIMPLY >GU+ OV] :E!R RE=M OR REVOLUTION IS ! BE/ WAY TO ABOLI% ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,! T5SION BETWE5 ?OSE :O UTILIZE VIOL5CE AGA9/ /ATE P[] & PROP]TY & ?OSE :O SEEK TO EXPRESS !MSELVES ?R\< ! E/ABLI%$ LEGAL *ANNELS IS MU* MORE COMPLICAT$4 ,ONE ( ! REASONS = ?IS IS ?AT SOCIAL PROTE/ 9 ,*ILI 9 ! #b#a/ C5TURY IS HET]OG5E\S & DIV]SE4 ,MANY POLITICAL T5D5CIES CANNOT EV5 AGREE ON :AT IT IS !Y >E DISAGREE+ AB\T4 ,Y\ HAVE RE=MI/ SECTORS LIKE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ,REVOLUCION ,DEMOCRATICA1 OLD] GR\PS LIKE ! ,M,I,R1 & ! :OLE 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ ,LEFT 9VOLV$ 9 ! GAME ( B\RGEOIS ELECTORALISM2 !N !RE >E ,TROTSKYI/S ( ALL K9DS--,GUEV>I/S1 OLD S*OOL ,M>XI/-,L59I/S1 NEO-,M>XI/S2 & F9ALLY1 !RE >E ALL K9DS ( AN>*I/S1 9CLUD+ 9SURRECTION>Y AN>*I/S1 9DIVIDUALI/S1 AN>*O-COMMUNI/S1 AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 AN>*O-PUNKS1 & NIHILI/S4 ,?IS MAKES CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIAL PROTE/ 9 ,*ILI COMPLEX4 ,YET ) RESPECT TO VIOL5CE1 C]TA9 POL>ITIES EM]GE4 ,9 ! MOM5TS ( CONFRONTATION1 TWO POSITIONS >ISE CONC]N+ !SE ACTS3 ?OSE :O SUPPORT 5CAPU*ADO VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! SOCIAL ORD] 7BE !Y ,M>XI/1 AN>*I/1 OR O!RWISE7 & ?OSE :O REACT AGA9/ IT4 ,= ! 9/ITUTIONAL SECTOR ( ! /UD5T MOVEM5T1 = EXAMPLE1 5CAPU*ADO VIOL5CE 7:AT W\LD BE REF]R$ TO AS 0BLACK BLOC0 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA7 IS AN OB/ACLE BECAUSE IT DOES NOT FOCUS ON 0PUBLIC OP9ION0 & ]ODES CONFID5CE 9 ! P[]S ?AT ! RE=MI/ GR\PS SEEK DIALOGUE )4 ,9 & ( ITSELF1 ! /UD5T MOVEM5T IS A SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC & RE=MI/ MOVEM5T ?AT DOESN'T SEEK TO ABOLI% ! /ATE1 SOCIAL CLASSES1 PROP]TY1 ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION1 OR PATRI>*AL DOM9ATION4 ,BAS$ 9 B\RGEOIS 9/ITUTIONS1 IT PRES5TS VIOL5CE AS C\NT]PRODUCTIVE BECAUSE RA!R ?AN RUPTURE1 ! /UD5T MOVEM5T AS A :OLE SEEKS AN ACCORD ) P[]4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 AN>*I/S 7:O MAKE UP A L>GE P>T ( ! 5CAPU*ADOS7 DO NOT SEEK A DIALOGUE ) P[]4 ,AN>*I/S SEEK DIRECT CONFRONTATION2 !Y >5'T PETITION+ = FREE $UCATION FROM ! /ATE4 ,!SE DIFF]5CES EXPLA9 :Y DISPUTES BETWE5 9/ITUTIONALLY COOPT$ ORGANIZATIONS & 9SURRECTION>Y AN>*I/S (T5 ESCALATE 9TO PHYSICAL CONFRONTATIONS4 ,9 #b#a#a1 :5 ! DEM& = 0FREE $UCATION0 BECAME WIDESPREAD1 PROTE/ M>*ES DREW UNPREC$5T$ NUMB]S4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 5CAPU*ADO VIOL5CE1 POLICE REPRESSION1 RE=MI/ ORGANIZ+1 & ALL ( ! T5SIONS BETWE5 !SE PH5OM5A REA*$ A PEAK1 AS DID ! /UD5T MOVEM5T ITSELF4 ,! RESULT WAS RECURR+ PHYSICAL CONFRONTATIONS 9VOLV+ 0PACIFI/S10 RE=MI/ /UD5TS1 & MILITANTS FROM 9/ITUTIONAL LEFT P>TIES OV] ! QUE/ION ( VIOL5CE & !IR DIFF]5T GOALS & POSITIONS4 ,! EV5TS ( #baa W]E A SORT ( CLIMAX RESULT+ FROM ALL ! ACCUMULAT+ LESSONS PEOPLE HAD BE5 LE>N+ S9CE ! #a#i#iS4 ,! SCALE ( S*OOL OCCUPATIONS & /UD5T /RIKES WAS SOME?+ NEW1 BUT AN>*I/S W]E H>DLY ! ONLY ONES 9VOLV$4 ,= ! MO/ P>T1 ! OCCUPATIONS & /RIKES W]E 9T5D$ TO PRESS = RE=MI/ DEM&S1 RA!R ?AN TO TAKE P[] OR AS A /EP T[>DS G5]ALIZ$ 9SURRECTION4 ,AN>*I/S MADE ! MO/ ( ! SITUATION TO PROPAGATE \R IDEAS1 ADDRESS ! NEWLY MOBILIZ$ /UD5TS1 & C>RY \T ACTIONS4 ,NO D\BT1 ?IS WAS A P]IOD ( TIME 9 :I* AN>*ISM GREW--BO? 9 T]MS ( 5CAPU*ADO PATICIPATION AS WELL AS ! NUMB] ( COLLECTIVES1 SQUATS1 BOOKS PUBLI%$1 WORK%OPS1 D9N]S1 DISCUSSIONS1 B5EFIT %[S1 PRISON]S1 & SO ON4 ,( C\RSE1 !RE >E PL5TY ( /UD5TS :O >E NEI!R ,M>XI/ NOR AN>*I/1 :O SIMPLY ADH]E TO ! CAUSE ( PUBLIC1 FREE $UCATION YET NONE!LESS DON ! MASK 9 ORD] TO CONFRONT REPRESSION4 ,9 #b#a#a1 JU/ AS 9 #b#f1 ! POLICE REPRESSION WAS SO 9T5SE ?AT RE=MI/ /UD5TS & /UD5TS :O W]E NOT IDEOLOGICALLY ALIGN$ ALSO CONFRONT$ ! POLICE--NOT ) ! 9T5TION ( TAK+ ! (F5SIVE1 BUT RA!R FROM ! POSITION ( BELIEV+ 9 RIDS A LEGAL MOVEM5T ?AT %\LDN'T BE REPRESS$ BECAUSE IT WAS DEMOCRATIC4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 C]TA9 ,M>XI/ T5D5CIES LIKE ,GUEV>I/S1 ,L59I/S1 & ,TROTSKYI/S LEGITIMIZE 5CAPU*ADO VIOL5CE1 BUT ONLY 9 ! S]VICE ( !IR AG5DAS--ONLY 9 C]TA9 CONTEXTS1 ONLY AS LONG AS IT IS 0APPROV$ ( BY ! MASSES10 ONLY AS LONG AS IT'S NOT 09DIVIDUAL ACTION10 ONLY :5 IT IS FRAM$ )9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,ONE CAN ID5TIFY MANY AN>*I/S1 EV5 )9 AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 :O HAVE MORE 9DIVIDUALI/ POSITIONS & :O BELIEVE 9 W> AGA9/ SOCIETY 9 G5]AL 7SOCIAL W>71 BEYOND ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,O!R AN>*I/S1 SU* AS ?OSE ALIGN$ ) LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM OR MORE COLLECTIVI/ CURR5TS1 ALSO UND]/& 5CAPU*ADO VIOL5CE AS AN EXPRESSION ( CLASS /RUGGLE1 BUT )\T AS MANY CONDITIONS AS ,M>XI/S4 ,!Y DON'T HAVE AS MANY PROBLEMS ) 9DIVIDUAL ACTION IF IT IS SITUAT$ 9 A CONTEXT ( COLLECTIVE PROTE/4 ,! DEBATE >\ND VIOL5CE HAS EV5 PRODUC$ VIOL5CE BETWE5 ! /UD5T DEMON/RATORS4 ,MANY TIMES 9 MANY M>*ES1 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! CONFRONTATIONS BETWE5 5CAPU*ADOS & ! POLICE1 AN>*I/S & 5CAPU*ADOS HAVE HAD TO FACE LEGALI/1 REACTION>Y T5D5CIES TRY+ TO /OP !M1 :I* ALMO/ ALWAYS 5D$ 9 PHSYICAL CONFRONTATIONS BETWE5 !SE TWO K9DS ( DEMON/RATORS4 ,:AT >E ! DIFF]5T AN>*I/ TACTICS & /RATEGIES = P>TICIPAT+ 9 /UD5T MOVEM5TS8 ,AN>*I/S >E 9VOLV$ 9 ! /UD5T MOVEM5T1 BUT )\T MAK+ DEM&S ( ! /ATE4 ,!Y P>TICIPATE ) ! GOALS ( RADICALIZ+ ! /UD5T /RUGGLE1 PROPAGAT+ ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN IDEAS1 & JO9+ 9 /REET CONFRONTATIONS4 ,MANY AN>*I/S TRY TO POLITICIZE !IR SOCIAL SURR\ND+S AT !IR HI< S*OOLS & UNIV]SITIES1 ABOVE ALL ! COMRADES MORE ID5TIFI$ ) ,BAKUN9ISM & LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 ,! MORE NIHILI/1 9SURRECTION>Y1 & 9DIVIDUALI/ T5D5CIES FOCUS MORE ON P>TICIPAT+ 9 /REET VIOL5CE 9 ! CONTEXT ( MASS M>*ES4 ,RIE US$ :OLLY 9 ! S]VICE ( 9/ITUTIONAL PETITION+1 TO PUT PRESSURE ON ! GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y HAVE NO REVOLUTION>Y GOAL1 BECAUSE ! /UD5T MOVEM5T ITSELF DOESN'T HAVE ANY REVOLUTION>Y GOALS4 ,REG>DLESS1 !Y W]E IMPORTANT BECAUSE )9 ! S*OOL OCCUPATIONS !RE W]E RELATIONS ( SOLID>ITY1 ACTIVITIES TO B5EFIT ! /RIKES1 B5EFITS = PRISON]S1 POLITICAL =UMS & DISCUSSIONS1 & ! LIKE4 ,LOTS ( KIDS :OSE POLITICS DIDN'T GO BEYOND 0FREE $UCATION0 OR 0AN 5D TO $UCATION = PR(IT0 BECAME RADICALIZ$ BY TAK+ P>T 9 ?OSE ACTIVITIES4 ,FUR!RMORE1 AL?\< ! S*OOL OCCUPATIONS & /RIKES W]E DIRECT$ T[>DS A RE=MI/ GOAL1 !Y W]E EXPRESSIONS ( REBELLION ?AT DEFI$ ! AU?ORITIES & EXCE$$ TRADITIONAL =MS ( PROTE/4 ,?IS WAS PRETTY 9T]E/+1 ESPECIALLY 9 #b#a#a4 ,! OCCUPATIONS ( UNIV]SITIES & HI< S*OOLS S]V$ AS SPACES = LIB]T>IAN BOOK FAIRS1 PUNK %[S1 & DISCUSSIONS2 = ! MON?S ?AT !Y EXI/$1 !Y W]E LIB]AT$ SPACES1 :]E SOLID>ITIES & HORIZONTAL RELATION%IPS DEVELOP$ \TSIDE ! DICTATES ( CAPITALISM & CONV5I5CE4 ,!RE W]E POTLUCKS1 COLLECTIVE MURAL-PA9T+ PROJECTS1 BOOKS1 FANZ9ES1 COMMUNIQUES4 ,!RE W]E ALSO 9/ANCES ( RESI/ANCE & CONFRONTATION :5 ! POLICE F9ALLY EVICT$ ! OCCUPATIONS4 ,H[ DOES ! CO/ ( $UCATION AFFECT /UD5TS 9 ,*ILI8 ,DOES IT %APE :O CAN GO TO S*OOL8 ,DOES IT %APE ! POLITICS & PRIORITIES ( /UD5TS8 ,IS !RE ANY?+ ?AT AN>*I/ ORGANIZ+ CAN DO AB\T ?IS8 ,9 ,*ILI1 $UCATION IS ! DRIV+ =CE ?AT REPRODUCES & P]PETUATES CLASS 9EQUALITY & ! DOM9ATION ( ONE CLASS OV] ! O!RS4 ,BEYOND ! ECONOMIC ASPECT1 !RE'S ALSO ! WAY ?AT $UCATION S]VES AS A =M ( DOME/ICATION--BE+ MADE TO MEMORIZE ?+S RA!R ?AN ?9K = ONESELF4 ,!RE'S MORE MA? ?AN ANY?+ ELSE1 ) LITTLE TIME = HI/ORY1 & ! HI/ORY ?AT !Y DO TEA* Y\ IS A L9E> HI/ORY COMPRIS$ ( EV5TS & DATES ?AT DON'T REQUIRE ANY ACTUAL ?9K+ OR QUE/ION+4 ,ALL CLASSES >E 9DOCTR9AT$ TO PLACE BL9D FAI? 9 CAPITALISM & AU?ORITY4 ,:AT CAN AN>*I/S DO AB\T ?IS8 ,NOT MU*4 ,! TRU? IS ?AT ! DEM& = FREE $UCATION FROM ! /ATE IS AN 9/ITUTIONAL /RUGGLE ( RE=MI/S1 EV5 ?\< SOME MORE RADICALIZ$ SECTORS TAKE ON ?IS DEM& BECAUSE !Y SEE IT AS A PRELIM9>Y /EP T[>D A G5]ALIZ$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,H[EV]1 AN>*I/S FOCUS MORE ON G5]AT+ SPACES ( CONFLICT & RADICALIZATION4 ,! OBJECTIVE IS REVOLT1 NOT RE=M4 ,TALK AB\T ! CULTURAL ELEM5T ( /UD5T RESI/ANCE4 ,?IS CAN 9CLUDE MURALS1 BOOK & PROPAG&A FAIRS1 LIT]ATURE DI/RIBUTION 7F]IA71 >T %[S1 & WORK%OPS4 ,ALL ( ?IS TAKES PLACE (T51 BUT IT REA*$ A HI< PO9T 9 #b#a#a4 ,= EXAMPLE1 !RE W]E WORK%OPS AB\T SUBJECTS 9DIRECTLY CONNECT$ TO ! /UD5T MOVEM5T--SU* AS ! LAWS ?AT 5DURE FROM ,P9O*ET'S DICTATOR%IP1 ! LOGIC ( M>KET-BAS$ $UCATION1 & ! SOLUTIONS ?AT ! MOVEM5T PROPOS$1 LIKE E/ABLI%+ NEW $UCATIONAL LAWS ?AT W\LD ELIM9ATE ! PRIVATIZATION ( $UCATION4 ,AN>*I/S HO/$ WORK%OPS ?AT W5T BEYOND DEM&+ ACCESS TO B\RGEOIS JOBS & A MORE 0JU/0 $UCATION4 ,!Y PROPOS$ A LIB]T>IAN NOTION ( $UCATION \TSIDE ! RELATIONS ( AU?ORITY & DOM9ATION4 ,! DYNAMICS 9 !SE SPACES W]E DIFF]5T ?AN ! DYNAMICS 9SIDE SQUATT$ SOCIAL C5T]S1 = EXAMPLE4 ,! OCCUPATIONS ( UNIV]SITIES & HI< S*OOLS >E ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY ANTI-CAPITALI/ BUT DIV]SE 9 T]MS ( P>TICUL> IDEOLOGIES4 ,AN>*I/S W]E ALWAYS A M9ORITY1 BO? 9 ! OCCUPATIONS & 9 ! /REETS4 ,YET ! M>*ES W]E SO MASSIVE--9VOLV+ #c1 PEOPLE BY ,AUGU/ #b#a#a--?AT AL?\< !Y W]E A M9ORITY1 !RE W]E /ILL ,A ,L,O,T ( 5CAPU*ADOS4 ,9 T]MS ( QUANTITATIVE DAMAGE1 !Y W]E G5U9ELY A ?ORN 9 ! SIDE ( ! AU?ORITIES1 & ! POLICE W]E (T5 OV]:ELM$4 ,DO Y\ WANT TO CLOSE ) ANY /ORIES FROM /UD5T /RUGGLES 9 ,*ILI8 ,! FIR/ MASS M>* ( #baa TOOK PLACE AS A PROTE/ AGA9/ HYDROELECTRIC DAMS 9 ! S\?1 9 ,PATAGONIA1 A PROJECT ( ! CORPORATION ,HIDRO,AYS54 ,! GOV]NM5T APPROV$ ! CONTROV]SIAL PROJECT2 9 RESPONSE1 !RE WAS AN 5ORM\S1 SPONTANE\SLY ORGANIZ$ M>* 9 FRONT ( ! PRESID5TIAL PALACE1 ,LA ,MON$A4 ,IT 5D$ 9 A BIG RIOT4 ,! PACIFI/ & CONCILIATORY SECTORS TRI$ 9 VA9 TO RE/RA9 ! 5CAPU*ADOS4 ,!Y 5D$ UP JU/ LEAV+ ! M>*4 ,BY AB\T #a PM1 ALMO/ ALL ! REACTION>IES HAD LEFT & ONLY 9SURRECTION>Y PEOPLE REMA9$ ON ! /REETS4 ,LOOK+ D[N ,ALAM$A1 ! MA9 B\LEV>D ?R\< D[NT[N ,SANTIAGO1 ONE C\LD SEE V>I\S BANKS 9 RU9S & HE> ! S\NDS ( GLASS BREAK+ FROM ! /OREFRONTS ( COMPANIES & 9/ITUTIONS4 ,A ,MC,DONALDS WAS LEFT 9 FLAMES4 ,IT WAS BEAUTIFUL4 ,! 05CAPU*ADO BIKE RIDES0 7?9K3 0BLACK BLOC BIKE RIDES07 W]E ALSO BEAUTIFUL4 ,I BELIEVE ?REE OCCURR$ BETWE5 #baa & #b#a#c4 ,!Y W]E PROMOT$ ?R\< SOCIAL NETWORKS & BY WORD ( M\?4 ,! POLICE DIDN'T D>E TRY TO 5T] ! BLOC4 ,! FIR/ TWO ( ?OSE BIKE RIDES DREW LOTS ( PEOPLE--,I W\LD V5TURE A GUESS AT #e OR #f PEOPLE 9 BLOC1 ON BIKES1 DE/ROY+ POLITICAL & COMM]CIAL ADV]TISEM5TS & CONFRONT+ LUXURY C>S4 ,! BLOC />T$ AT ,PLAZA ,ITALIA &1 9/EAD ( HEAD+ D[NT[N T[>DS ! PRESID5TIAL PALACE LIKE EV]Y O!R M>* DOES1 TOOK (F ! O!R DIRECTION1 T[>DS ,PROVID5CIA1 ! C5T] ( B\RGEOIS HI< SOCIETY 9 ,SANTIAGO1 & F9ALLY >RIV$ AT ! 5ORM\S ,CO/AN]A ,C5T] MALL--! TALLE/ SKYSCRAP] 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 A SYMBOL ( CAPITALI/ WEAL?4 ,9 ! FIR/ TWO BIKE RIDES1 !Y MANAG$ TO 5T] ! MALL ) !IR BICYCLES1 *ANT+ 0,DEA? TO ! /ATE6 ,VIVA LA AN>QUIA60 & WRIT+ GRAFFITI ON ! WALLS & W9D[S ( LUXURY /ORES4 ,BUT ABOVE ALL1 ! DAYS ( ,AUGU/ #baa W]E UN=GETTABLE4 ,FIR/1 !RE WAS ! DAY ( D\BLE PROTE/S 7DAY & NIT+ AT #g 9 ! MORN+1 B>RICADES W5T UP 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ,SANTIAGO4 ,DUR+ ! AFT]NOON1 PEOPLE CONFRONT$ ! POLICE ?R\<\T ! C5T] ( ! CITY4 ,9 ! 5D1 !RE WAS NO M>*--! GOV]NM5T DIDN'T AU?ORIZE IT4 ,YET IT WAS A DAY ( MASSIVE1 G5]ALIZ$ PROTE/1 ) CAS]OLEOS 7PEOPLE BANG+ POTS & PANS7 FROM !IR PATIOS OR \T ( !IR W9D[S4 ,?IS WAS UNUSUAL1 HAV+ ! SUPPORT FROM ! MAJORITY ( ORD9>Y CITIZ5S4 ,EV5 HIPPIES :O REJECT VIOL5CE W]E ?R[+ /ONES AT ! POLICE 9 RESPONSE TO ! CONTEXT ( 9DISCRIM9ATE REPRESSION & AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,! DAYS ( ,AUGU/ W]E SOME ( ! FEW PROTE/S DUR+ ?AT P]IOD 9 :I* VIOL5CE WAS REG>D$ AS A LEGITIMATE TACTIC BY WIDE SECTORS ( ! /UD5T MOVEM5T4 ,ON ALL ! /REET CORN]S D[NT[N1 5ORM\S GR\PS ( 5CAPU*ADOS W]E WAIT+ = POLICE C>S TO PASS 9 ORD] TO ATTACK !M4 ,!RE W]E B>RICADES EV]Y:]E1 & MILLIONS ( PESOS W]E LO/ AS A RESULT ( ! DE/RUCTION ( PROP]TY4 ,?OSE W]E ! MO/ G5]ALIZ$ 9/ANCES ( REVOLT ,I HAVE SE5 9 MY LIFETIME4 7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #b#cRD ,APRIL #bba FROM CRIME?9C4COM47 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,/UD5T ,MOVEM5T 9 ,*ILE -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/