,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a1 ,P>T ,A 
,! ,PRISONS1 ,OV]CR[D+ & ,TYPHUS 

#aiiaii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,KEIJO ,KNUTAS1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,NUMB]S ( ,PRISON]S4 ,OV]CR[D+4--,FROM AN (FICIAL DOCUM5T COMMUNICAT$ TO ! ,/ATE ,C\NCIL ON ,M>* #a#e1 #a#i#i1 BY ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! PRISONS1 IT APPE>S ?AT ON ,FEBRU>Y #a1 #a#i#i1 !RE W]E 9 ! LOCK-UPS ( ! ,EMPIRE #a#h#a1#a#c#g 9MATES4 ,?IS FIGURE1 H[EV]1 DOES NOT 9CLUDE ?OSE PRISON]S :O >E 9 TRANSPORTATION1 & ! NUMB]S ( :OM >E E/IMAT$ (FICIALLY AT AB\T #c14 ,NOR DOES IT 9CLUDE AN IMM5SE NUMB] ( P]SONS DETA9$ AT ! POLICE LOCK-UPS1 BO? 9 ! T[NS & 9 ! VILLAGES4 ,NO APPROXIMATE IDEA AS TO ! NUMB] ( ?IS LA/ CATEGORY CAN BE OBTA9$1 BUT IT HAS BE5 SUGGE/$ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,PRESS ?AT IT MAY BE ANY?+ BETWE5 #e1 & #a14 ,! WOR/ IS ?AT IT IS ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,POLICE LOCK-UPS ?AT ! ILL-TREATM5T ( ! PRISON]S IS ! MO/ AWFUL4 ,! FAM\S TORTURE *AMB]S ( ,GR9N AT ,W>SAW1 & ,GREGUS AT ,RIGA 7BO? CONDEMN$ BY C\RTS7 W]E PRECISELY POLICE LOCK-UPS4 

,! NUMB] ( 9MATES 9 ! PRISONS HAS BE5 GR[+ /EADILY = ! LA/ F\R YE>S4 ,9 #aie ! AV]AGE DAILY FIGURE = ALL ! PRISONS ( ! ,EMPIRE WAS #h#e1 2 IT REA*$ #a#a#a1 9 #aif 2 #a#c#h1 9 #aig 2 #a#g1 9 #a#i#h1 & ON ,FEBRU>Y #a1 #a#i#i1 IT WAS #a#h#a1#a#c#g4 ,! HOLD+ CAPACITY ( ALL ! PRISONS ( ! ,EMPIRE BE+ ONLY #a#g1 P]SONS1 OV]CR[D+ IS ! NECESS>Y RESULT1 & 9 SOME PLACES !RE >E FROM ?REE TO F\R TIMES MORE 9MATES ?AN ! PRISON C\LD POSSIBLY CONTA9 UND] NORMAL CONDITIONS4 ,! RESULT ( ?IS OV]CR[D+ IS ?AT SCURVY & TYPHUS HAVE DEVELOP$ 9 AN AL>M+ PROPORTION1 & ?AT1 AS HAS BE5 SAID 9 ! ,9TRODUCTION1 NO?+ IS DONE TO PREV5T ! EPIDEMIC FROM SPREAD+ OV] ALL ! PRISONS ( ,RUSSIA4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 IT MU/ ALSO BE SAID ?AT ! L5I5CY ) :I* C\NTLESS COMPLA9TS AB\T BRUTAL TREATM5T 9 PRISONS HAS BE5 MET BY ! ,M9I/RY1 & ! CONT9UAL RELEASE1 BY P]SONAL ORD]S ( ! ,EMP]OR1 ( ?OSE PRISON (FICIALS :O HAVE BE5 CONDEMN$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,C\RTS TO IMPRISONM5T = ! BRUTAL TREATM5T ( ! PRISON]S1 SEEM TO HAVE CREAT$ AMONG ! PRISON AU?ORITIES ! IDEA ?AT 9 TORM5T+ ! PRISON]S !Y ACT 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! WI%ES ( ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,M9I/RY ( ! ,9T]IOR1 AS SE5 FROM ! DEBATES 9 ! ,DUMA1 IS FULLY AW>E1 ?R\< ! (FICIAL REPORTS ADDRESS$ TO IT BY ! PRISON GOV]NORS1 ( ! T]RIBLE OV]CR[D+ 9 SOME ( ! LOCK-UPS & ( ! RESULT+ EPIDEMICS4 ,BUT IT TAKES NO MEASURES TO PREV5T EI!R ! OV]CR[D+ OR ! SPREAD ( !SE EPIDEMICS AMONG ! PRISON]S4 

,EV5 9 ! GREAT PRISONS LIKE ! ,BUTYRKI PRISON ( ,MOSC[1 )9 A FEW H\RS ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ! ,9T]IOR1 EV5 9 ?IS PRISON WE >E 9=M$ BY ! MEMB]S ( ! ,DUMA :O HAVE S]V$ !IR TIME 9 IT1 ! DRESS & ! L95 DELIV]$ TO ! PRISON]S >E FALL+ TO PIECES 2 EV5 9 ! PILL[S1 :I* >E FILL$ ) /RAW1 ! /RAW IS *ANG$ ONLY ONCE A YE>4 ,NO MATTRESSES >E DELIV]$1 NOT EV5 PIECES ( FELT TO LIE UPON1 & NO BLANKETS 2 FRE% NEW L95 IS DELIV]$ ONLY :5 ! VISIT ( A MEMB] ( ! SUP]IOR ADM9I/RATION IS EXPECT$4#a 

,9 ?IS PRISON1 :I* CONTA9S #a1#c H>D-LABOR CONVICTS1 ONE-HALF ( :OM >E POLITICALS1 ! ROOMS1 :I* >E EA* TWELVE PACES LONG BY FIVE WIDE1 CONTA9 TW5TY-FIVE PRISON]S1 & ! TIME ALL[$ = TAK+ FRE% AIR IS ONLY M9UTES4 ,\T ( ! 9MATES PLAC$ ON ! SICK LI/1 #fe P]C5T4 >E ATTACK$ BY SCURVY 2 !Y REMA9 9 ! COMMON ROOMS1 ALL 9 *A9S1 & >E CONT9UALLY BEAT5 & ?RA%$ BY ! W>D]S4 ,AFT] HAV+ BEAT5 A MAN !Y WILL PUT HIM 9TO ! ,BLACK ,HOLE2 & ! DEPUTIES ( ! ,DUMA IMPRISON$ 9 ?IS PLACE WRITE AB\T A MAN ,*]TETS(F1 :O1 AFT] BE+ BEAT5 = SEV5 DAYS 9 SUCCESSION1 W5T MAD & DI$ ?REE DAYS LAT]4#b 

,! SAME PRISON HAS BECOME SU* A NE/ ( 9FECTION ?AT AT A SPECIAL MEET+ ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SANIT>Y ,9SPECTORS ( ,MOSC[ ON ! #bND ( ,M>*1 #a#i#i1 IT WAS /AT$ ?AT DUR+ ! WEEK1 FROM ! #a#e? TO ! #b? ( ,FEBRU>Y1 NO LESS ?AN #g M5 W]E TAK5 ILL ) RECURR5T TYPHUS4 ,! ILLNESS HAS BE5 SPREAD TO ! B>RACKS ( ! SAPP]S BY ! M5 :O KEPT GU>D 9 ! PRISON1 & T5 DEA?S HAVE ALREADY TAK5 PLACE !RE4 ,! ,COMMITTEE CONCLUD$ ?AT IT WAS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y TO IMPROVE ! FOOD ( ! PRISON]S 2 BUT ?IS IS PRECISELY :AT ! PRISON AU?ORITIES WILL NOT ADMIT4 

,! LOCK-UP ( ! ,FIR/ ,DON ,DI/RICT 7PROV9CE ( ,DON ,COSSACKS7 WAS BUILT = #e 9MATES--IT CONTA9S #be 2 A ROOM1 #ad FEET LONG1 #a FEET WIDE1 & #h FEET HI<1 ) ONLY TWO W9D[S1 CONTA9S #bf PRISON]S4 ,9 ! ,KO/ROMA PRISON1 :I* WAS BUILT = #b P]SONS1 !RE >E #d PRISON]S4 ,EA* PRISON] HAS1 AS A RULE1 LESS ?AN #ag CUBIC FEET ( AIR SPACE1 & ! ALL[ANCE HAS NEV] ATTA9$ #bd CUBIC FEET 7:I* W\LD MEAN #c FEET BY #h FEET 9 A ROOM #a FEET HI<4 ,! ROOMS >E FULL ( P>ASITES4 ,9 ! ,KAM5ETZ PRISON1 BUILT = #d P]SONS1 !RE >E #h 9MATES4 ,EA* ROOM1 CALCULAT$ = #b P]SONS1 CONTA9S #d4 

,FROM ! ,VYATKA ,TRANSF] PRISON1 ONE ( ! *IEF TRANSF] PRISONS ON ! HI<WAY TO ,SIB]IA1 A PRISON] WRITES AS FOLL[S3-- 

0,WE >E KEPT1 FROM #f TO #g ( US1 9 ROOMS CALCULAT$ TO HOLD #c TO #d P]SONS ONLY4 ,!RE >E NO B$S1 NOT EV5 ?OSE SLEEP+ PLAT=MS :I* =M]LY W]E US$ 9/EAD ( B$S 9 ,RUSSIAN PRISONS4 ,WE ALL SLEEP ON ! B>E FLOOR1 & NO BLANKETS >E SUPPLI$4 ,! DAMP IS AWFUL1 & ! ROOMS >E FULL ( P>ASITES4 ,! POLITICALS >E KEPT TOGE!R ) ! COMMON LAW CONVICTS4 ,! FOOD .<:I* IS DESCRIB$ 9 FULL.> IS EXECRABLE4 ,ALL MEALS >E S]V$ )9 ! SPACE ( F\R H\RS1 & = #b H\RS WE REMA9 )\T FOOD1 %UT UP 9 \R ROOMS1 ) W9D[S TI<TLY FA/5$1 & >E NOT ALL[$ TO GO \T ( \R ROOMS = ANY REASON :ATEV]40#c 

,AT ! ,EKAT]9OD> PRISON 9 ! ,CAUCASUS1 AS HAS BE5 /AT$ BY ! T[N AU?ORITIES AT A MEET+ HELD ON ! #e? ( ,APRIL LA/1 !RE IS ROOM = #cf PRISON]S 2 BUT ! JAIL CONTA9S #a1#b 9MATES1 \T ( :OM #e >E ILL ) ]UPTIVE TYPHUS4 ,! HOSPITAL ACCOMMODATION IS = #h P]SONS ONLY1 ! REMA9D] CONT9UE TO LIE ) ! O!RS 9 ! COMMON ROOMS4 ,! GOV]NOR ( ! PRISON ALSO FELL ILL ) ]UPTIVE TYPHUS4#d 

,) REG>D TO ! ,TIFLIS C5TRAL PRISON 9 ! ,MEHTEH ,CA/LE1 #dc POLITICAL & COMMON LAW PRISON]S DETA9$ !RE HAVE LATELY WRITT5 TO ! ,DUMA DEPUTY1 ,M4 ,T*EIDZE1 9 ! NAME ( #hd 9MATES ( ?AT T]RIBLE =TRESS1 COMPLA9+ ( ! MO/ ABOM9ABLE SANIT>Y CONDITIONS & ! UNLIMIT$ BRUTALITY ( ! PRISON AU?ORITIES4 ,F\R M5 BE5 %OT DUR+ ! LA/ MON? BY ! S5T9ELS = HAV+ APPROA*$ ! W9D[S1 ! ORD] ISSU$ BY ! COMM&] ( ! CA/LE 9 ,JANU>Y LA/ BE+ 3 0,%OOT )\T ANY W>N+ AT ! SLI<TE/ UPRO>1 & AS SOON AS A PRISON] APPROA*ES ! W9D[ AIM AT ! HEAD SO AS TO OCCASION DEA?40#e 

,LA/ YE> IT BECAME KN[N ?AT SEV]AL PRISONS W]E NE/S ( TYPHUS 9FECTION4 ,?US ! ,EKAT]9OSLAV ZEM/VO REPO ?AT ! ,LUGANSK PRISON WAS A BRE$+-PLACE ( TYPHUS = ! CITY & ! :OLE DI/RICT4 ,9 ! ,KIEFF PRISON1 :I* WAS BUILT = #e 9MATES BUT CONTA9S #b11 ! TYPHUS EPIDEMIC BEGAN ALREADY 9 #a#i#h1 & SOON 9 ?IS OLD BUILD+1 R5[N$ = ITS TYPHUS EPIDEMICS S9CE #a#h#h#b1 HUNDR$S ( M5 W]E LAID D[N ) TYPHUS4 ,! 9FIRM>Y1 :I* HAS ACCOMMODATION = #ie P]SONS ONLY1 CONTA9$ #cci SICK PRISON]S1 ! AV]AGE SPACE :I* ! PATI5TS W]E 5JOY+ BE+ ONLY #ba CUBIC FEET P] P]SON 7#c FEET BY #g FEET BY #a FEET74 ,! MORTALITY WAS APPALL+4 ,FROM ! PRISON ! EPIDEMIC SPREAD TO ! CITY ( ,KIEFF1 ) ! RESULT ?AT ! (FICIAL FIGURES = ,KIEFF = ! YE> #aih W]E #i1#a#e CASES ( TYPHUS1 \T ( :I* #b1#a#h#h W]E 9 ! PRISON4#f 

,! HEAD ( ! PRISON ADM9I/RATION1 ,M4 ,HRULEFF1 HAV+ S5T HIS SPECIAL COMMISSION]1 ,M4 ,VON ,BOTTI*]1 TO REPORT AB\T ! CONDITION ( ! PRISONS 9 ! PROV9CES ( ,KIEFF1 ,PODOLIA1 & ,VOLHYNIA1 ! ,COMMISSION] HAS N[ S5T 9 A REPORT CONC]N+ ! ,LUKOYAN(F PRISON ( ! PROV9CE ( ,KIEFF4 ,NE>LY #b1#e PRISON]S HAVE DI$ FROM TYPHUS ALONE 9 ?IS OLD PRISON--AB\T FIVE HUNDR$ EV]Y YE>4 ,9 ,JANU>Y LA/ !RE W]E #bbb TYPHUS CASES 9 ?IS PRISON & #dbc 9 ,FEBRU>Y4#g ,! GREAT DEVELOPM5T ( TYPHUS IS DUE TO OV]-CR[D+1 ! PRISON1 :I* HAS BE5 BUILT = #f 9MATES1 CONTA9+ REGUL>LY #a1#h4#h 

,DUR+ LA/ W9T] ! EPIDEMIC APPE>$ ALMO/ EV]YH]E4 ,9 ,PYATIGORSK IT APPE>$ 9 ,JANU>Y 2 9 ,P]M 9 ,FEBRU>Y4 ,IT WAS ]UPTIVE TYPHUS1 & ! *IEF DOCTOR ( ! ZEM/VO 9FIRM>Y1 ,M4 ,V9OGRAD(F1 DI$ ON ,FEBRU>Y #bND1 AFT] HAV+ BE5 9FECT$ :ILE HE RECEIV$ 9 ! 9FIRM>Y #ah TYPHUS PATI5TS BR\<T FROM ! LOCAL PRISON4#i ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #g P]SONS HAD ALREADY DI$1 BUT ! PRISON ADM9I/RATION1 AS ! EX-MEMB] ( ! ,DUMA1 ,M4 ,POLETAEFF1 WRITES TO ! ,/4 ,PET]SBURG PAP]S1 REFUS$ EV5 TO P]MIT ! PRISON]S TO IMPROVE !IR FOOD AT !IR [N EXP5SE4#a ,MANY SOLDI]S & W>D]S W]E 9FECT$ 9 !IR TURN1 & ANO!R PRISON DOCTOR1 ,PILIP91 & TWO W>D]S1 AS ALSO SEV]AL SOLDI]S ( ! MILIT>Y G>RISON1 DI$ FROM TYPHUS4 

,9 ! GOV]NM5T ( ,EKAT]9OSLAV ! PRISONS ( ,LUGAN & ,BAKHMUT 7A PRISON :I* WAS BUILT = #e P]SONS1 BUT HAD #ce 9MATES7 SOON W]E 9FECT$4 ,9 A FEW WEEKS ! NUMB] ( TYPHUS PATI5TS 9 ?IS LA/ PRISON REA*$ #e#d1 & #a A FEW DAYS LAT]4#a#a ,9 ! CAPITAL ( ! PROV9CE1 AT ,EKAT]9OSLAV1 :]E #a1#c#a#g P]SONS W]E KEPT 9 A BUILD+ ?AT HAD BE5 BUILT = #c 9MATES1 TYPHUS WAS RAG+4 ,!RE W]E #ac PATI5TS 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #bce 9 ,M>*4 ,!RE APPE>$ ALSO *OL]A1 :I* WAS DUE TO ! ROTT5 FOOD DI/RIBUT$ TO ! PRISON]S & TO CONTAM9AT$ WAT]4#a#b 

,9 ,POLTAVA TYPHUS HAS RAG$ S9CE ,NOVEMB] LA/1 & CONT9UES /ILL4 ,9 ! PROV9CE ( ,KURSK ! TYPHUS EPIDEMIC BROKE \T 9 SEV5 DIFF]5T JAILS 2 9 ! PROV9CIAL PRISON ALL SICK CONT9U$ TO BE KEPT 9 *A9S1 & !Y W]E TRANSPORT$ 9 ?IS WAY TO ! ZEM/VO 9FIRM>Y 2 #af W>D]S ALL FELL ILL4 ,9 ,SIMPH]OPOL !RE W]E 9 ,FEBRU>Y #hf CASES ( RECURR5T TYPHUS & #c ( ]UPTIVE TYPHUS 2 9 ,M>* !RE W]E #b CASES1 & ! EPIDEMIC %[$ NO SIGNS ( ABATEM5T4 

,! SAME RAVAGES W]E APP>5T 9 ! PRISONS ( ,KH]SON1 ,Z5K(F1 ,RADOMYSL1 ,B]DI*EF1 & SEV]AL O!R T[NS ( ,S\?-,WE/ ,RUSSIA4#a#c 

,! SAME 9 ,W>SAW 7:]E ! PRISON ( ! ,PRAGA SUBURB WAS BUILT = #ae 9MATES BUT CONTA9$ #d & ALL ! PRISON]S SLEPT ON ! B>E FLOOR71#a#d AT ,M9SK1 9 ,VYAZMA1 GOV]NM5T ( ,SMOL5SK1 :]E #cg PRISON]S \T ( #aci & #c W>D]S \T ( #a W]E /RICK5 BY TYPHUS4#a#e 

,OREL1 ,NIJNI-,NOVGOROD1 ,TOTMA1 @&C41 @&C41 >E N[ 9 ! SAME CONDITION1 & F9ALLY 9 ! GREAT ,BUTYRKI PRISON ( ,MOSC[ !RE W]E #g NEW TYPHUS CASES DUR+ ONE WEEK1 FROM ,FEBRU>Y #b#bND TO ,M>* #a/4 ,ONLY LAT] 9 ,M>* AN ABATEM5T ( ! EPIDEMIC WAS REPORT$4#a#f 

,AT ,SIMPH]OPOL #c TYPHUS PATI5TS >E REPORT$2 9 ! *ILDR5'S RE=MATORY ( ,EKAT]9OSLAV1 #ad BOYS \T ( #ai >E /RICK5 ) TYPHUS4 ,AT ! ,UMAN & ,B]DI*EF JAILS1 NO MORE PRISON]S >E RECEIV$ ON ACC\NT ( ! T]RIBLE EPIDEMIC :I* IS RAG+ 9 !SE PRISONS4#a#g 

,! RELATIVES ( ! POLITICAL 9MATES ( ! ,P]M PRISON WROTE TO ! ,DUMA DEPUTY ( ?AT PROV9CE1 ASK+ HIM TO DO SOME?+ = !M4 ,! PRISON ADM9I/RATION DOES NOT ALL[ ANY ADDITIONAL FOOD TO BE GIV5 TO ! TYPHUS PATI5TS4 

,!RE >E ?REE CASES ON RECORD--TWO ( !M AT ,KH>K(F & ONE AT ,EKAT]9OSLAV--( P]SONS ILL ) TYPHUS :O HAVE BE5 BR\<T BE=E ! ,C\RTS DUR+ !IR ILLNESS4 ,?US1 9 ! FIR/ DAYS ( ,APRIL LA/1 TWO M5 ACCUS$ ( ROBB]Y W]E BR\<T BE=E ! ,C\RT ,M>TIAL ( ,KH>K(F4 ,SEE+ ?AT ONE ( !M WAS QUITE UNABLE TO ANSW] ! QUE/IONS1 HAV+ NOT YET RECOV]$ FROM A SECOND ATTACK ( RECURR5T TYPHUS--HE WAS LOOK+ LIKE A CORPSE--! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,C\RT ASK$ ! ,PROSECUTOR TO PO/PONE ! PROSECUTION1 & ADD$ 3 0,!RE IS NO NE$ TO CALL A DOCTOR 2 Y\ HAVE ONLY TO LOOK Y\RSELF AT ?AT MAN40 ,! ,PUBLIC ,PROSECUTOR1 AFT] HAV+ APPROA*$ ! PRISON]1 )DREW HIS ACCUSATION1 & ! MAN WAS RETURN$ TO ! PRISON4#a#h 

,ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#f? ! ,C\RT ,M>TIAL1 SITT+ AT ,EKAT]9OSLAV1 WAS ALSO COMPELL$ TO 9T]RUPT ITS SITT+ BECAUSE ONE ( ! LAWY]S DREW ! ATT5TION ( ! ,C\RT TO ! FACT ?AT ONE ( ! PRISON]S BR\<T BE=E !M WAS ILL ) TYPHUS4 ,A DOCTOR WAS CALL$ 91 ! TEMP]ATURE ( ! PRISON] WAS #a#d81 & HE WAS RETURN$ TO ! PRISON4 

,9 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG IT HAPP5$ 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ,M>* LA/1 ?AT :5 A P>TY ,( #ge PRISON]S WAS BR\<T BY RAIL TO ?IS CITY1 SEV]AL ( !M W]E ILL ) TYPHUS4 ,!Y W]E S5T TO ! TRANSF] PRISON1 BUT !RE BE+ NO ROOM TO RECEIVE ! NEW-COM]S1 !Y HAD TO LIE ALL ! NI<T ON ! FLOOR 9 ! PASSAGES4#a#i ,EQUALLY BAD ACC\NTS >E GIV5 ( ! TYPHUS EPIDEMIC 9 ! ,KURSK1 ,P5ZA1 ,TV]1 ,T*EMB>1 & SEV]AL O!R PRISONS4 ,9 ?IS LA/ PRISON ! TYPHUS PATI5TS W]E KEPT TOGE!R ) ALL ! O!RS 9 ! COMMON ROOMS4 ,! PRISON DOCTOR1 ,M4 ,JIMS51 DI$ FROM TYPHUS4#b 

,PRIVATE P]SONS & SOCIETIES = ! AID ( PRISON]S >E PREV5T$ FROM DO+ ANY?+ TO IMPROVE ! FOOD ( ! PRISON]S1 & ACCORD+ TO ! PAP] ,NOVAYA ,RUSS1 ! ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE HAS =BIDD5 ! PRISON AU?ORITIES TO GIVE ANY 9=MATION CONC]N+ ! HEAL? ( !IR 9MATES4 

,MODE ( ,TRANSF] ( ,TYPHUS ,PATI5TS TO AN ,9FIRM>Y4--,! FOLL[+ /ATEM5T1 MADE BY A LADY 9 ,C5TRAL ,RUSSIA & PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,REVIEW ,RUSSKOYE ,BOGAT/VO1 $IT$ BY ,KOROL5KO1 IS TYPICAL 3-- 

0,LA/ SUMM] WE W]E OCCASIONALLY 9 ! Y>D ( ! 9FIRM>Y ( \R ZEM/VO4 ,I SAW TWO C>TS 5T]+ ! Y>D1 ACCOMPANI$ BY SOLDI]S4 ,APPROA*+ !SE C>TS1 ,I SAW ?AT !Y CONTA9$ TYPHOID PATI5TS :O HAD BE5 BR\<T TO ! 9FIRM>Y FROM ! PRISON4 ,IT WAS A DREADFUL SI<T1 & MADE MY HAIR /& ON 5D4 ,ONE CAN H>DLY BELIEVE ?AT 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 ) \R PRES5T CIVILIZATION1 M5 C\LD BE TREAT$ 9 SU* A WAY & BR\<T 9 SU* A CONDITION4 ,! M51 ALL UNCONSCI\S1 LAID LIKE LOGS 9 ! C>T1 KNOCK+ !IR HEADS AGA9/ ITS WOOD5 FRAME4 ,!Y HAD NOT EV5 PUT A H&FUL ( /RAW UND] !IR HEADS4 ,! M5 W]E LY+ ALMO/ ONE UPON ! O!R4 ,SOME W]E 9 ! LA/ AGONY 2 TWO ( !M DI$ AN H\R OR ONE & A HALF H\RS LAT]4 ,ALL ( !M W]E 9 *A9S4 ,I SAW H[ ! TWO DEAD W]E C>RI$ TO ! *APEL--BO? W]E FETT]$4 ,I ASK$ :Y ! *A9S HAD NOT BE5 TAK5 FROM ! DEAD2 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 DONE IF !Y W]E DOGS4 ,!Y REPLI$ ?AT ! *A9S CAN BE TAK5 (F ONLY AFT] ! DEA? C]TIFICATE HAS BE5 SIGN$ BY ! PRISON DOCTOR4 ,LAT] ON ,I LE>N$ ?AT ! TYPHUS PATI5TS W]E KEPT 9 ! V]Y SAME ROOM ) ! O!RS4 ,9 \R 9FIRM>Y SPECIAL ROOMS W]E PREP>$ = ! TYPHUS PRISON]S1 & W>D]S W]E BR\<T FROM ! PRISON TO WAT* !M4 ,ACCU/OM$ CONT9UALLY TO BEAT ! PRISON]S1 !SE W>D]S BEGAN TO DO ! SAME 9 ! 9FIRM>Y1 SO ?AT ! ZEM/VO AU?ORITIES HAD TO 9T]F]E1 BUT1 ,I AM AFRAID1 9 VA9 2 !Y CONT9U$ TO DO ON A SMALL SCALE :AT !Y HAD BE5 US$ TO DO ON A L>GE SCALE 9 ! PRISON40#b#a 

   

,FOOTNOTES 

#a,RYE*1 ,JANU>Y #b#d1 #a#i#i4 

#b,SOVREM5NOYE ,SLOVO1 ,JANU>Y #c1 #a#i#i4 

#c,LONG LETT] FROM ONE ( ! 9MATES 9 ,RUSSKOYE ,BOGAT/VO1 ,APRIL1 #a#i#i1 PP4 #h#i-#i4 

#d,MEET+ ( ! ,PRISON ,COMMITTEE ( ,EKAT]9OD>1 ,APRIL #e1 #a#i#i1 REPORT$ 9 ,RYE*4 

#e,RUSSKIYA ,V$OMO/I1 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#i4--,AS MI<T HAVE BE5 =ESE51 ! ABOVE CONDITIONS 5D$ 9 A TRAG$Y4 ,A ,TIFLIS TELEGRAM TO ! ,RUSSIAN DAILIES SAYS ?AT ON ,MAY #b#bND1 AT #f4#c P4M41 AS SEV]AL PRISON]S1 CONDEMN$ TO BE EXECUT$1 W]E TAK5 TO ! SCAFFOLD1 ! O!R PRISON]S BECAME UPRO>I\S4 0,!RE >E FIVE KILL$ AMONG !M10 LACONICALLY ADDS ! TELEGRAM4 

#f,SEE ! ,/4 ,PET]SBURG DAILIES = ,JANU>Y #c1 #a#i#i4 

#g,KIEVSKIY ,VE/NIK1 ,M>* #a#b1 #a#i#i4 

#h,NOVAYA ,RUSS1 ,MAY #b#a1 #a#i#i4 

#i,RYE*1 ,FEBRU>Y #d1 #a#i#i4 

#a,RUSSKIYA ,V$OMO/I1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#e1 #a#i#i4 

#a#a,RYE*1 ,JANU>Y #a#g1 ,FEBRU>Y #a#d1 #a#i#i4 

#a#b,IBID41 ,JANU>Y #b#g1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#b1 #b#e1 & #b#f1 ,M>* #g & #a#c1 #a#i#i4 

#a#c,KIEVSKIY ,VE/NIK1 ,FEBRU>Y #bb ,M>* #c1 #d1 #i1 #a#b1 #a#i#i4 

#a#d,W>SAW ,E*O1 REPRODUC$ 9 ,RYE*1 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i1#a#i#i4 

#a#e,SEE ,/4 ,PET]SBURG PAP]S = ,M>* #b#bND4 

#a#f,RUSSKIYA ,V$41 ,M>* #a1 #b#b1 ,APRIL #h1 #a#i#i4 

#a#g,?IS 9=MATION IS TAK5 FROM ! DAILY TELEGRAMS COMMUNICAT$ TO ! ,/4 ,PET]SBURG PAP]S DUR+ ! MON?S ( ,M>* & ,APRIL1 #a#i#i4  

#a#h,RYE*1 ,APRIL1 #a#i#i4 

#a#i,RYE*1 ,M>* #d1 #a#i#i4 

#b,RUSS4 ,V$41 ,M>* #d #aii 7SIGN$ >TICLE74 

#ba ,RUSSKOYE ,BOGAT/VO1 ,APRIL1 #a#i#i1 PP4 #i1 #i#a4 

7,S\RCE3 ,KROPOTK91 ,PET]4 ,! ,T]ROR 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,LONDON3 ,ME?U5 @& ,CO41 #a#i#i4 #d? ,$47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a1 ,P>T ,A -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#b1 #bag 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a1 ,P>T ,A -- ,ADD$4 

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