,VOLUME #b1 ,P>T #f1 ,*APT] #bg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #b#g4 0,DEFEAT ( ! ,REVOLUTION60 

,EV]Y REVOLUTION ?AT FAILS TO COMPLETE ITS SOCIAL TASKS IMM$IATELY OP5S ! WAY TO C\NT]REVOLUTION & F9ALLY ITS [N BLOODY ANNIHILATION4 ,?IS PR9CIPLE CAN BE TAK5 AS ABSOLUTELY FIX$4 ,! VACUUM ?AT AN UNF9I%$ REVOLUTION LEAVES BEH9D IS QUICKLY FILL$ BY ITS 5EMIES1 :O1 SOMETIMES PRES5T+ !MSELVES AS 0COMPROMIS]S10 0REALI/S10 & 0REASONABLE0 M51 TRY TO H>NESS ! REVOLUTION & /E] ! 5]GY IT HAS *URN$ UP T[>D ITS [N DE/RUCTION4 ,9 ! ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION IRRESOLUTE ,LEVEL]S SU* AS ,LILBUME FAIL$ TO USE !IR 9FLU5CE ) ! >MY TO MOVE DECISIVELY AGA9/ ,CROMWELL2 & 9 ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ! 5RAGES1 LACK+ ANY COORD9AT+ LEAD]%IP1 W]E MANIPULAT$ BY ,M>AT & DELIV]$ OV] TO ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY4 ,A HESITANT REVOLUTION IS A DOOM$ REVOLUTION4 

,! MOM5T :5 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION CRE/S & ! 9SURG5TS >E PSY*OLOGICALLY PREP>$ TO TAKE CONTROL ( SOCIETY IS !RE=E CRUCIAL4 ,EV5 A DELAY ( SEV]AL DAYS MAY RESULT 9 ! EBB+ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y TIDE4 ,FEW REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]S UND]/OOD ?IS MORE CLE>LY ?AN ,L591 :O ON ! EVE ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION DEM&$ AN IMM$IATE 9SURRECTION1 9 OPPOSITION TO MO/ ( HIS [N COLLEAGUES1 & ?REAT5$ TO RESIGN FROM ! ,BOL%EVIK ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE BECAUSE ( ITS DILATORY BEHAVIOR4 

,! ,P>ISIAN WORK]S ( #a#h#d#h1 HAV+ OV]?R[N ! MON>*Y1 HAD >RIV$ AT JU/ SU* A MOM5T1 YET !IR LEAD]S W]E UNWILL+ TO SEIZE IT & REPLACE ! GOV]NM5T ?AT ,LAM>T9E & HIS ALLIES HAD SET UP ) A TRULY SOCIAL REPUBLIC4 ,LIKE ! ,JULY ,MON>*Y1 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T HAD BE5 BR\<T TO P[] BY AN 9SURRECTION1 & ITS PR9CIPAL LEAD]S--) ! EXCEPTION ( ,BLANQUI1 ,RASPAIL1 & POSSIBLY ! WE>Y ,CAUSSIDI]E--W]E ONCE AGA9 COMMITT$ GRADUALI/S4 ,BLANC1 ) HIS HAZY NOTIONS ( FRAT]NITY BETWE5 EMPLOY]S & !IR EMPLOYES1 WAS :OLLY UNWILL+ TO TRY TO MAT* ! GR[+ >M$ =CES ( ! GOV]NM5T ) AN 9DEP5D5T WORK+- CLASS =CE4 ,MESM]IZ$ BY ! IDEAL ( LA ,REPUBLIQUE1 HAM/RUNG BY A LIMIT$ NOTION ( SOCIALISM-->TISANAL ASSOCIATIONISM--& L$ BY ! IRRESOLUTE ,BLANC1 ! REVOLUTION ?AT ! WORK]S MADE 9 ,FEBRU>Y WAS LEFT TRAGICALLY 9COMPLETE4 

,TO BE SURE1 ORD9>Y ,P>ISIAN WORK]S UND]/OOD ! NE$ TO CONT9UE ! REVOLUTION1 OR AT LEA/ TO ACCUMULATE !IR [N /ORES ( WEAPONS1 9 ANTICIPATION ( A /RUGGLE TO DEF5D IT ,9 TURN1 ! NEW GOV]NM5T & ! CLASSES IT REPRES5T$ REALIZ$ ?AT ! >MS POSSESS$ BY ! WORK+ PEOPLE CON/ITUT$ ! GREATE/ POT5TIAL ?REAT !Y FAC$4 ,ON ! MOM+ ( ,FEBRU>Y #b#e1 ! DAY ( ! CONFLICT OV] ! R$ FLAG1 A GR\P ( WORK]S 9 ! ,PLACE DE ,GREVE HAD DEM&$ ?AT ! IMM5SE >S5AL ( ! OLD REGIME AT ,V9C5NES BE TURN$ OV] TO ! PEOPLE--A DEM& ! GOV]NM5T FIRMLY OPPOS$3 CONV9C$ ?AT ! WORK]S MU/ NOT BE P]MITT$ TO ACCUMULATE EV5 MORE WEAPONS ?AN !Y HAD1 ,LAM>T9E S5T \T ,FLOCON TO QUIET !M4 ,FLOCON !N ACCOMPANI$ A GR\P ( WORK]S TO ,V9C5NES1 :]E HE ALL[$ !M TO TAKE ONLY A FEW ?\S& MUSKETS1 C>EFULLY )HOLD+ ! GREAT BULK ( ! WEAPONS & AMMUNITION ?AT W]E /OR$ 9 ! =TRESS4 ,LAM>T9E1 IT IS WOR? NOT+1 AFT]W>DS CLASP$ ,FLOCON'S H&S & F]V5DY ?ANK$ HIM = 0PRES]V+ ! NATIONAL >S5ALS0--& = US+ HIS RADICAL CR$5TIALS TO PACIFY ! ,FAUB\RG ,SA9T-,ANTO9E4.<#d#d#h.> ,ONCE 9 P[]1 ,FLOCON1 O/5SIBLY A RADICAL ONLY DAYS BE=E1 MADE EV]Y EF=T TO CONTROL ! MASSES & TO PLACE ! RE9S ( GOV]NM5T SECURELY 9 ! H&S ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES4 

,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N ,& ,C,\,N,T,],R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N 

,! NEW RUL+ CLASSES ALSO REALIZ$ ?AT TO RETA9 P[] !Y W\LD HAVE TO CREATE A RELIABLE MILIT>Y =CE SUP]IOR TO ANY?+ ! WORK+ CLASS C\LD ORGANIZE4 ,FROM ! V]Y MOM5T !Y TOOK (FICE1 EV5 AS ,BLANC WAS NAIVELY E*O+ ,LAM>T9E'S APPEALS TO FRAT]NITE1 CLASS COOP]ATION1 & REPUBLICAN UNITY1 ! RE/ ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T'S M9I/]S BEGAN TO SY/EMATICALLY ASSEMBLE A V>IETY ( MILIT>Y =CES ?AT C\LD BE US$ TO CONTROL ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T ,LAM>T9E1 9 P>TICUL>1 HAD NOTIC$ ?AT UNRULY WORK+-CLASS BOYS & TE5AG]S PLAY$ A MAJOR ROLE 9 ! B>RICADE FI<T+2 [+ TO !IR Y\?1 !Y W]E ! BOLDE/ & MO/ RECKLESS ( ! 9SURRECTION>IES4 ,S5S+ ?AT !IR ADV5TUR\S BEHAVIOR C\LD PROPEL ANY POPUL> UNRE/ 9TO AN >M$ 9SURRECTION1 ! =EIGN M9I/] %REWDLY DECID$ TO H>NESS !M 9TO A SPECIAL =CE 9 ! GOV]NM5T'S S]VICE4 ,9 ONE ( HIS E>LIE/ DECREES DUR+ ! E>LY MOM+ ( ,FEBRU>Y #b#e1 ,LAM>T9E E/ABLI%$ ! ,MOBILE ,GU>D1 A =CE TO BE COMPOS$ ( Y\?S BETWE5 SIXTE5 & ?IRTY YE>S ( AGE4 ,9 ! NEXT FEW WEEKS1 SOME #b#e1 Y\?S1 ALMO/ 5TIRELY FROM ! WORK+ CLASS1 W]E RECRUIT$ 9TO TW5TY-F\R BATTALIONS & PLAC$ AT ! DISPOSITION ( ! GOV]NM5T4 

,! ,MOBILE ,GU>D1 UNLIKE ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 WAS NO CITIZ5S' MILITIA3 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ITS MEMB]S W]E S+LE M5 H\S$ 9 !IR [N B>RACKS & ISOLAT$ AS MU* AS POSSIBLE FROM ! G5]AL POPULATION4 ,! GOV]NM5T TOOK EV]Y PRECAUTION TO KEEP !M FROM FRAT]NIZ+ ) !IR FELL[ CITIZ5S 9 ! NEI<BORHOODS4 ,!Y W]E GIV5 DI/9CTIVE UNI=MS & W]E >M$ & EQUIPP$ AT ! /ATE'S EXP5SE4 ,C>EFULLY TRA9$ 9 URBAN FI<T+1 !Y W]E TREAT$ AS AN ELITE CORPS1 FLATT]$ AS ! GOV]NM5T'S PRETORIANS1 & SL[LY WEAN$ FROM ANY LOYALTY TO !IR [N SOCIAL CLASS4 ,!Y W]E EV5 PAID A WAGE ( A FRANC & A HALF DAILY--A RELATIVELY COM=TABLE SUM = S+LE Y\NG M54 ,AL?\< !Y W]E ALL[$ TO ELECT !IR [N (FIC]S1 ! (FIC]S !Y ELECT$ HAD TO BE APPROV$ BY ! COMM&+ G5]AL & ! M9I/] ( W>1 :O W]E PR(ESSIONAL MILIT>Y M5 DETA*$ FROM ! REGUL> >MY4 

,ALMO/ ALONE AMONG ! REPUBLICAN LEAD]S1 ,BLANQUI RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ! MOBILES W]E PRECISELY ! PRETORIAN GU>D ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES & ?AT !Y CON/ITUT$ A SWORD PO9T$ AT ! V]Y HE>T ( WORK+-CLASS RESI/ANCE4 ,FROM ! FIR/ MEET+S ( HIS ,C5TRAL ,REPUBLICAN ,SOCIETY1 HE VIGOR\SLY D5\NC$ ! RECRUITM5T ( ?IS EXTREMELY DANG]\S =CE1 CALL+ NOT ONLY = ITS DISB&M5T BUT = ?AT ( ALL O!R PR(ESSIONAL MILIT>Y =CES4 ,= !IR P>T1 ! RUL+ CLASSES KNEW ?AT !Y W]E TAK+ A DANG]\S GAMBLE 9 CREAT+ ! ,MOBILE ,GU>D4 ,AS WORK+-CLASS 0*ILDR50 OR Y\?S 9 ! MA91 !IR POLITICAL ALLEGIANCES W]E UNC]TA94 ,9 ! EV5T ( A WORK+-CLASS 9SURRECTION1 W\LD !SE Y\NG M5 /& ) !IR FAMILIES & NEI<BORS 9 !IR DI/RICTS8 ,OR W\LD !Y OBEY !IR (FIC]S8 ,?IS AMBIGUITY WAS HEI<T5$ PRECISELY BY !IR Y\?FUL BRAVADO1 :I* HAD V]G$ ON UNCONTROLLABLE ELATION 9 ! FACE ( BATDE4 ,:OEV] GA9$ ! LOYALTY ( ! MOBILES1 IT WAS SUSPECT$1 W\LD CONTROL ,P>IS4 ,UPON VIEW+ A P>ADE ( ! ,MOBILE ,GU>D & O!R MILIT>Y UNITS ON ! ,*AMP DE ,M>S1 ,TOCQUEVILLE N]V\SLY OP9$3 

,! BATTALIONS ( ! ,G>DE ,MOBILE UTT]$ V>I\S EXCLAMATIONS1 :I* LEFT US FULL ( D\BT & ANXIETY AS TO ! 9T5TION ( !SE LADS1 OR RA!R *ILDR51 :O AT ?AT TIME MORE ?AN ANY O!R HELD \R DE/9IES 9 !IR H&S4.<#d#d#i.> 

,! WORK]S1 = !IR P>T1 UNEASILY OBS]V$ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T SEQUE/]+ !IR 0*ILDR50 9 B>RACKS1 !N US+ REGUL> >MY (FIC]S TO ,9DOCTR9ATE !M4 ,!Y TRI$1 AS BE/ !Y C\LD1 TO REA* !IR SONS & RE/ORE !IR S5SE ( CLASS ID5TITY4 ,BUT = ! FIR/ MON?S ( ! =CE'S EXI/5CE1 !IR POLITICAL IDEAS--IF !Y HAD ANY--REMA9$ HIDD5 9 !IR B>RACKS4 

,AS = ! SOCIAL AIMS ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! WORK]S1 :O KNEW !IR 5EMIES WELL1 W]E BECOM+ GU>D$1 EV5 AS ,BLANC TRI$ TO E/ABLI% A FEW TOK5 SOCIAL WORK%OPS4 ,!Y VIEW$ ) AL>M NOT ONLY ! =MATION ( ! ,MOBILE ,GU>D BUT ! RESI/ANCE & 9CREAS+ >ROGANCE ( ! WELL-EQUIPP$ B\RGEOIS ,NATIONAL ,GU>DS T[>D ! COMMON PEOPLE4 ,& !Y TOOK NOTE ( ! GR[+ BELLIG]5CE ( ! EMPLOY]S & ! SEE?+ HATR$ ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES T[>D ! WORK]S' SOCIAL AIMS4 ,EV5 IF ,BLANC DID NOT1 WORK]S ( ! ,LUXEMB\RG & ! MILITANT WORK]S 9 ,P>IS G5]ALLY REALIZ$ !Y MI<T WELL BE ?R[N 9TO A S]I\S COLLISION ) ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES ( ! REALM4 

,! ,N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,W,O,R,K,%,O,P,S 

,%ORTLY AFT] ! ,PLACE DE ,GREVE HAD BE5 CLE>$ ( 9SURG5TS 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 A Y\NG 5G9E]1 ,EMILE ,?OMAS1 =M]LY A /UD5T AT ! ,ECOLE ,C5TRALE1 APPROA*$ ! M9I/] ( PUBLIC WORKS1 ,M>IE1 ) A PROPOSAL4 ,?OMAS1 AN AMBITI\S MAN1 HAD A FANCIFUL VISION ( A NEW ,FRANCE 9 :I* ALL WORK]S W\LD EV5TUALLY BECOME PROSP]\S 5\< TO BECOME MEMB]S ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,AS A /EP 9 ! REALIZATION ( ?IS UTOPIA1 HE SUGGE/$ ?AT ! UNEMPLOY$ BE R\ND$ UP & GIV5 TEMPOR>Y EMPLOYM5T 9 PUBLIC WORKS ?R\< A /ATE- SUBSIDIZ$ & /ATE-CONTROLL$ SY/EM ( 0,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS40 

,TO ,M>IE1 A MEMB] ( ! ]/:ILE DYNA/IC OPPOSITION1 ! PROSPECT ( NEUTRALIZ+ UNRE/ AMONG ! UNEMPLOY$ BY TRANS=M+ !M 9TO CLI5TS ( ! /ATE WAS IRRESI/IBLE4 ,ON ,M>* #bc ! M9I/] ( PUBLIC WORKS ADVIS$ ! Y\NG 5G9E] 7,?OMAS WAS ONLY TW5TY-SIX AT ! TIME7 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T WAS PREP>$ TO ACCEPT HIS PROPOSAL & GIVE A FIVE-MILLION-FRANC SUBSIDY TO E/ABLI% ! ,WORK%OPS4.<#d#e.> ,! M9I/] !N TOOK ,?OMAS ASIDE & TOLD HIM TO TAKE ! UNEMPLOY$ 09 H&0 & 0ATTA* !M0 TO HIMSELF4 ,HE %\LD SP>E NO EXP5SE 9 CREAT+ HIS WORK%OPS1 HE ADVIS$ ,?OMAS1 & HE PLAC$ ! M9I/RY'S 0SECRET FUND0 AT HIS DISPOSAL4 

,NAIVELY1 ! NEW DIRECTOR ASK$ ,M>IE1 0,:AT OBJECT1 O!R ?AN PUBLIC CALM1 HAVE Y\R RECOMM5DATIONS80 ,TO :I* ! M9I/] REPLI$3 0,PUBLIC SAFETY4 ,DO Y\ ?9K Y\ CAN MANAGE TO COMM& Y\R M5 ALTOGE!R8 ,IT MAY BE ?AT ! DAY IS NE> :5 IT WILL BE NECESS>Y TO M>* !M 9TO ! /REETS0--?AT IS1 AGA9/ !IR FELL[ WORK]S4 ,9 FACT1 ,?OMAS PROCE$$ TO FOLL[ ,M>IE'S RECOMM5DATION & ORGANIZE ! ,WORK%OP 5ROLLEES1 NUMB]+ SOME #a#b1 AT !IR PEAK1 9TO MILIT>Y-/YLE UNITS--SU* AS COMPANIES1 BATTALIONS1 & BRIGADES--UND] HIS [N COMM&1 ) SUBORD9ATE (FICIALS COMPOS$ ( HIS MIDDLE-CLASS /UD5T FRI5DS4 ,9 EFFECT1 ) ,?OMAS'S ASSI/ANCE1 ,M>IE HAD CREAT$ /ILL ANO!R POT5TIALLY C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y >MY4 

,! IMM$IATE IMPACT ( ! ANN\NCEM5T ( ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS WAS TO DRAW A #a1 UNEMPLOY$ ,FR5*M5 FROM ! PROV9CES 9TO ! CAPITAL1 SEEK+ TEMPOR>Y WORK ,?OSE :O W]E GIV5 JOBS W]E PAID TWO FRANCS DAILY1 A V]Y MODE/ WAGE = M5 ) FAMILIES & O!R EXP5SES4 ,BUT AN ADDITIONAL #e1 PROV9CIALS >RIV$ = :OM !RE W]E NO ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OP JOBS AT ALL4 ,ONCE 9 ,P>IS1 !Y L+]$ 9 ! CITY1 ADD+ TO ! HUNG] & RESDESSNESS ?AT EXI/$ AMONG ! WORK+ CLASS G5]ALLY4 ,SOME ,NAUONAL ,WORK%OP 5ROLLEES W]E GIV5 NO ACTUAL WORK TO P]=M1 AS ,GEORGES ,DUVEAU OBS]VES3 

,! WORK]S 5ROLL$ 9 ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS SP5T MO/ ( !IR TIME PLAY+ BILLI>DS & MAK+ SPEE*ES 9 PRAISE ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRAT ,REPUBLIC4 ,H]E & !RE A FEW W]E TO BE F\ND C>T+ ONE OR TWO B>R[LOADS ( S& ON ! ,*AMP DE ,M>S OR ! HEI<TS ( ,BELLEVILLE4 ,!Y DID A BIT ( DIGG+ & !N W5T BACK TO !IR GAMES OR TALK4.<#d#e#a.> 

,DUVEAU'S DESCRIPTION MORE CLOSELY REFLECTS ! IMAGE ( ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS FO/]$ BY ! B\RGEOIS PRESS ?AN REALITY2 ?\S&S ( ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OP EMPLOYES W]E1 9 FACT1 FULLY OCCUPI$ ) USEFUL JOBS4 ,!Y REPLANT$ ! TREES ?AT HAD BE5 FELL$ TO =M ! ,FEBRU>Y B>RICADES1 LEVEL$ ! ,*AMP DE ,M>S 9TO AN ATTRACTIVE PUBLIC MALL1 MANUFACTUR$ CLO?+ & %OES = O!R UNEMPLOY$ WORK]S1 &1 9 ,M>SEILLES1 HELP$ TO DIG A MU*- NE$$ CANAL4 ,NOR W]E ! UNEMPLOY$ >TI/S ( ,P>IS NEGLECT$2 !Y W]E PUT TO WORK PA9T+ REPUBLICAN PROPAG&A PO/]S & CREAT+ O!R POLITICALLY 9SPIRATIONAL >TWORK4 

,YET ! 9VIDI\S IMAGE ( ! ,WORK%OPS AS A DOLE = IDL]S SOON BECAME PREVAL5T AMONG ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 AN IMAGE ?AT1 LIKE ! ,LUXEMB\RG1 WAS PO9T$LY US$ AGA9/ ! RADICALS4 0,M>IE TOLD ME10 SAYS ,?OMAS1 

?AT IT WAS ! DET]M9$ 9T5TION ( ! ,GOV]NM5T TO ALL[ ! EXP]IM5T 7( ! ,LUXEMB\RG7 TO HAVE ITS RUN2 ?AT 9 ITSELF IT W\LD HAVE ! GOOD RESULT ( CONV9C+ ! WORKM5 ( ! EMPT9ESS ( ,L\IS ,BLANC'S 9APPLICABLE !ORIES2 444 ?AT 9 ?IS MANN] ! WORK+ CLASSES W\LD BE DISABUS$ BY ! EXP]I5CE2 ?AT !IR IDOLATRY ( ,L\IS ,BLANC W\LD ( ITSELF CRUMBLE TO PIECES1 & ?AT HE W\LD LOSE = EV] ALL HIS 9FLU5CE1 ALL HIS PRE/IGE1 & CEASE TO BE A DANG]4.<#d#e#b.> 

,PR$ICTABLY1 ! PRESS HAD A FIELD DAY ) ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS1 SNE]+LY ID5TIFY+ !M ) ! ,LUXEMB\RG ,COMMISSION & SOCIALISM4 ,9DE$1 ! PROJECT WAS GIV5 ! NAME ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS 9 A CALCULAT$ MOVE TO CONFUSE IT 9 ! PUBLIC M9D ) ,BLANC'S SOCIAL WORK%OPS4 ,M>IE & ! B\RGEOISIE SP>$ NO EF=T TO TURN ! WORK]S' DEM&S = ! 0RI<T TO WORK0 9TO A SOCIALI/IC *IM]A4 ,BY VITIAT+ ?IS MAJOR DEM&1 ,M>IE DIVE/$ ! UPRIS+ ( ,FEBRU>Y #bd ( MU* ( ITS SOCIAL MEAN+4 

,BLANC1 = HIS P>T1 RESPOND$ ) VITRIOL AGA9/ ,M>IE'S CYNICAL DEBASEM5T ( HIS SOCIALI/IC PLANS4 ,HE CONDEMN$ ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS AS A 

RABBLE ( PAUP]S1 :O IT WAS 5\< TO FE$1 FROM ! WANT ( KN[+ H[ TO EMPLOY !M1 & :O HAD TO LIVE TOGE!R )\T ANY O!R TIES ?AN A MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION1 & UND] *IEFS :O BORE ! NAME1 AT ONCE SO /RANGE & YET SO *>ACT]I/IC1 ( S]GEANT-MAJORS--BRIGADI]S4.<#d#e#c.> 

,BUT HIS ATTACKS AGA9/ ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS AS CESSPOOLS ( IDL5ESS & MILIT>ISM W]E AS 9EPT AS !Y W]E SELF-DEFEAT+4 ,TO ,M>IE'S DELI<T1 ,BLANC'S D5UNCIATIONS S]V$ TO PIT ! ,LUXEMB\RG ,COMMISSION & ITS ,LABOR ,ASSEMBLY AGA9/ ! T5S ( ?\S&S ( WORK]S :O W]E DRAW+ !IR SOLE LIVELIHOOD FROM ,?OMAS'S BRIGADES1 !REBY OP5+ A DANG]\S RIFT )9 ! RANKS ( ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF4 

,YET ! NORMALLY EMPLOY$ WORK]S HAD REASON TO RES5T ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS1 :I* HAD BECOME A M]C5>Y MILIT>Y =CE 9T5D$ = USE ON BEHALF ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES4 ,9 FACT1 BY MID-SPR+1 ,EMILE ,?OMAS HAD EFFECTIVELY RALLI$ ! SYMPA?IES ( MO/ ( ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OP WORK]S BEH9D ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOVEMM5,L ,MAT]IALLY1 HE PUR*AS$ !IR SUPPORT BY PAY+ !M A REGUL> WAGE2 PSY*OLOGICALLY1 HE GA9$ !IR 5?USIASM BY /AG+ CELEBRATORY FE/IVALS ?AT W]E C>EFULLY DESIGN$ TO 9CULCATE A /RONG MILIT>Y SPIRIT ?AT C\LD BE PLAC$ AT ! S]VICE ( ! /ATE4 ,A LITTLE MORE ?AN A MON? AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y B>RICADES W]E DISMANTL$1 ! ,M9I/RY ( ,PUBLIC ,WORKS & ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T G5]ALLY W]E LAVI%LY SP5D+ PUBLIC FUNDS TO CREATE A C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y >MY ?AT C\LD BE DEPLOY$ AGA9/ ! SAME ,P>ISIAN WORK]S :O HAD %$ !IR BLOOD TO BR+ ! ,REPUBLIC 9TO EXI/5CE4 

,! ,J,\,R,N,E,E ,( ,M,>,* #ag 

,BY NO MEANS HAD ! ,REPUBLIC AS YET SUNK DEEP ROOTS 9TO ! C\NTRY'S MIDDLE CLASSES1 /ILL LESS 9TO PEOPLE AT ALL LEVELS ( RURAL SOCIETY4 ,ROYALISM WAS /ILL WIDESPREAD 9 ,FRANCE1 & ! MASSES 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE & 9 A FEW PROV9CIAL CAPITALS VIEW$ ! EV5TS 9 ,P>IS1 & ! RADICAL WORK+ CLASS ?AT PROPELL$ !M1 ) DEEP HO/ILITY4 ,YET ) EA* MON? ?AT PASS$ AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y ,DAYS1 ! 9FLU5CE ( RADICAL IDEAS 9 ,P>IS ITSELF REC$$1 & ! WORK]S' FAI? EV5 9 A 0=MAL0 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC1 LET ALONE A SOCIAL REPUBLIC1 BEGAN TO WANE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! =CES ( REACTION W]E REGA9+ !IR CONFID5CE & MOBILIZ+ AGA9/ ! LIMIT$ SOCIAL A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,FEBRU>Y REPUBLIC4 ,9 ! OP5+ PASSAGE ( HIS ,CLASS ,/RUGGLES 9 ,FRANCE1 A REM>KABLE WORK ?AT HAS BE5 ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE = MANY HI/ORIANS ( ! #ahdh ,REVOLUTION1 ,M>X OBS]V$ ?AT1 0) ! EXCEPTION ( ONLY A FEW *APT]S1 EV]Y MORE IMPORTANT P>T ( ! ANNALS ( ! REVOLUTION FROM #ahdh TO #ahdi C>RIES ! HEAD+3 ,DEFEAT ( ! ,REVOLUTION60.<#d#e#d.> 

,M>X APPROPRIATELY ID5TIFI$ ! V>I\S /AGES ?AT L$ TO ?IS DEFEAT ) F\R MAJOR J\RNEES ?AT ! ,P>ISIAN WORK+ DASS C>RI$ \T ?AT SPR+1 AT ALMO/ ONE-MON? 9T]VALS3 NAMELY1 ?OSE ( ,M>* #a#g1 ,APRIL #a#f1 & ,MAY #a#e1 CULM9AT+ 9 ! WORK+-CLASS 9SURRECTION ( ,JUNE #b#c4 ,) EA* J\RNEE1 ! 9FLU5CE ( ! RADICALS DECL9$1 & ! P[] ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION BECAME /RONG] & ITS POLICIES MORE RESOLUTE4 

,! FIR/ J\RNEE1 :I* TOOK PLACE ON ,M>* #a#g1 BEGAN :5 ! CLUBS & ! V>I\S TRADE ORGANIZATIONS MADE PLANS = A DEMON/RATION AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T1 9 SUPPORT ( ?REE DEM&S ?AT ! CLUBS HAD G5]ALLY AGRE$ UPON4 ,FIR/1 !Y WANT$ TO PO/PONE ! DATE = ! NATIONAL ELECTIONS TO ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 ,! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T HAD ORIG9ALLY SET !SE ELECTIONS = ,APRIL #i1 BUT ! CLOSE PROXIMITY ( ?AT DATE DID NOT GIVE ! REPUBLICANS 9 ! CITIES SUFFICI5T TIME TO BR+ ! MESSAGE ( ! ,REVOLUTION TO PEOPLE 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 LEA/ ( ALL TO ! PEASANTRY1 :I* WAS /ILL /RONGLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! C\NTRY PRIE/HOOD & FE>FUL ( ! LOCAL G5TRY4 ,! REPUBLICANS /RONGLY FELT ?AT BE=E ! NATIONAL ELECTIONS W]E HELD--& ESPECIALLY S9CE ! NEW ASSEMBLY W\LD BE AU?ORIZ$ TO WRITE A NEW CON/ITUTION = ,FRANCE--! ,REPUBLIC %\LD HAVE ! OPPORTUNITY TO E/ABLI% ITS LEGITIMACY 9 ! PROV9CES & TO $UCATE ! PEASANTRY AB\T REPUBLICAN IDEAS4 ,! ELECTION DATE ( ,APRIL #i WAS LITTLE MORE ?AN ?REE WEEKS AWAY4 ,A REVOLUTION ?AT HAD YET TO FULLY DEF9E ITSELF EV5 9 PROGRESSIVE ,P>IS C\LD H>DLY BE EXPECT$1 9 SO %ORT A TIME1 TO GA9 ! SUPPORT ( ILLIT]ATE PEASANTS1 MO/ ( :OM LOOK$ TO HI<LY REACTION>Y CL]ICS = LEAD]%IP4 

,9 FACT1 ! ,REPUBLIC ITSELF1 F> FROM REA*+ \T TO ! PEASANTS = SUPPORT1 HAD TAK5 A /EP ?AT GRIEV\SLY & IRRECONCILABLY ALI5AT$ !M4 ,ON ,M>* #a#f1 /RAPP$ BY M\NT+ F9ANCIAL PROBLEMS1 IT HAD VOT$ TO IMPOSE A LEVY ( =TY-FIVE C5TIMES ON EV]Y FRANC DUE NOT 9 9COME TAXES BUT 9 PROP]TY TAXES4 ,AGREEABLE AS ?IS MEASURE WAS TO ! BANK]S ( ,P>IS1 ! LEVY 9CREAS$ BY NE>LY FIFTY P]C5T ! TAX BURD5 ON SMALL L&HOLD]S1 EFFECTIVELY TURN+ POOR1 H>DWORK+ PEASANTS AGA9/ ! CITIES4 

,NOR WAS ! PEASANTRY SYMPA!TIC ) ! WORK]S' DEM&S = A SOCIAL REPUBLIC4 ,! PRESS WAS L>GELY SUCCE$+ 9 TURN+ PUBLIC OP9ION 9 ! PROV9CES AGA9/ ! 0R$S0 9 ,P>IS1 & ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS 9 P>TICUL> W]E US$ BY P]IODICALS & PULPITS TO /OKE DEEP RES5TM5T AMONG ! PEASANTS4 ,GOAD$ BY ! PROPAG&A ( RURAL REACTION>IES AS WELL AS URBAN ONES1 !SE SMALL P>O*IAL PROPRIETORS W]E CONV9C$ ?AT ! NEW PROP]TY TAX WAS MEANT TO SUBSIDIZE IDL]S 9 ! ,WORK%OPS4 ,BLANQUI1 REALIZ+ ?AT ! TAX W\LD BE 0! DEA? S5T5CE ( ! REPUBLIC10 F\<T IT VIGOR\SLY4.<#d#e#e.> ,AS ,PRISCILLA ,ROB]TSON OBS]VES1 

,! #d#e-C5TIME TAX MAY HAVE SAV$ ! REPUBLIC FROM BANKRUPTCY1 BUT IT ALSO KILL$ IT BY >\S+ ! HATR$ ( ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,FROM ?AT DAY ALL ! PROPAG&I/S1 9CLUD+ ,L\IS ,NAPOLEON1 :O TRI$ TO W9 ! PEASANTS1 PROMIS$ ITS REPEAL4.<#d#e#f.> 

,?US IT WAS IMP]ATIVE ?AT ! ,LEFT & EV5 MOD]ATE REPUBLICANS GA9 MORE TIME TO W9 OV] ! C\NTRY AS A :OLE TO REPUBLICANISM1 LE/ REACTION>Y REPRES5 TADVES GA9 ! MAJORITY 9 ! ,CONSUTU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 ,! DEMON/RATORS ( ,M>* #a#g1 ON ,CABET'S SUGGE/ION1 MADE IT A C>D9AL DEM& ?AT ! ELECTIONS BE PO/PON$ TO ,MAY #c#a1 AL?\< EV5 ?AT DELAY WAS CLE>LY TOO %ORT TO GET RURAL VOT]S TO %$ !IR WELL-5TR5*$ RURAL PREJUDICES & ADOPT VIEWS ADVANC$ BY URBAN RADICALS4 

,AN ISSUE ( ALMO/ EQUAL IMPORTANCE--& 9 ,BLANQUI'S EYES1 ( MORE IMPORTANCE--WAS ! DATE = ! ELECTION ( ,NATIONAL ,GU>D (FIC]S4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) ! NEW POLICY ( DEMOCRATIZ+ ! ,GU>D1 ITS AMIABLE COMM&+ G5]AL 9 ,P>IS1 ! ,VISC\NT DE ,C\RTAIS1 HAD (F]$ TO OP5 F\RTE5 POSITIONS ON HIS /AFF EXCLUSIVELY TO WORK]S4 ,BUT FROM ! RADICALS' P]SPECTIVE1 ! DATE ( ! ELECTION ( !SE (FIC]S1 LIKE ! DATE ( ! ,ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS1 WAS SET TOO E>LY4 ,IT DID NOT ALL[ SUFFICI5T TIME = FRAT]NIZATION BETWE5 ! NEWLY 5LI/$ WORK]S & ! VET]AN MIDDLE-CLASS ,GU>DS TO MAKE POSSIBLE ! ELECTION ( AU!NTIC REPUBLICAN (FIC]S4 ,MORE FULLY ?AN ANY ( HIS ASSOCIATES1 ,BLANQUI1 ! MO/ CLASS-CONSCI\S & ABLE TACTICIAN AMONG ! CLUB LEAD]S1 GRASP$ ?AT MORE TIME W\LD BE NE$$ = ! NEW WORK+-CLASS ,GU>DS TO OV]COME ! TRADITIONAL CLASS PREJUDICES ( ! B\RGEOIS VET]ANS4 ,! DEMON/RATORS ( ,M>* #a#g1 AGA9 ON ,CABET'S SUGGE/ION1 DEM&$ ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D ELECTIONS BE PO/PON$ FROM LATE ,M>* TO ,APRIL #e1 :I* WAS /ILL A M9IMAL & 9EFFECTUAL DELAY4 

,! ?IRD & F9AL ISSUE = ! PLANN$ DEMON/RATION 9VOLV$ ! PRES5CE ( REGUL> >MY CONT+5TS 9 ,P>IS1 :I* DEEPLY VEX$ ! WORK]S4 ,AL?\< !SE RESIDUAL TROOPS1 ACCORD+ TO ,L$RU-,ROLL91 NUMB]$ ONLY AB\T #b1 ! WORK]S W]E W>Y ( ! GOV]NM5T'S REASONS = KEEP+ !M 9 ! CAPITAL AT ALL4 ,MOREOV]1 !Y HAD REASON TO SUSPECT ?AT ,LAM>T9E WAS 9 SECRET COMMUNICATION ) ! COMM&] ( REGUL> >MY TROOPS 9 ,LILLE & ) O!R (FIC]S :O COMM&$ FULL-SIZ$ BRIGADES1 SOME ( :I* C\LD QUICKLY >RIVE AT ! CAPITAL BY RAIL4 ,! SIZE & POSITION ( ! MILIT>Y =CES AT ! GOV]NM5T'S DISPOSAL ?US WAS A TR\BL+ ISSUE 9 ! M9DS ( ! MILITANT WORK]S1 :O HAD NO WELL-ORGANIZ$ =CE ( !IR [N TO DEF5D !IR 9T]E/S4 ,!Y WANT$ ! >MY CONT+5TS TO BE REMOV$4 

,ALL ( !SE CONC]NS W]E RE9=C$ ON ,M>* #i1 :5 A DEMON/RATION ( ?REE ?\S& BUS9ESSM5 M>*$ FROM ! ,B\RSE1 OR ,P>ISIAN /OCK EX*ANGE1 TO ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE1 ?REAT5+ TO LOCK \T !IR WORK]S IF !IR MATUR+ NOTES W]E NOT GRANT$ A ?REE-MON? EXT5SION4 ,AL?\< !IR DEMON/RATION WAS FOLL[$ BY A CR[D ( /UD5TS :O VOIC$ !IR SUPPORT = ! GOV]NM5T AGA9/ ! ,B\RSE1 IT WAS APP>5T ?AT REACTION>Y DISCONT5T WAS N[ MIGRAT+ FROM PRIVATE HOMES & CAFES TO ! /REETS1 VITIAT+ ! FRAT]NITE ?AT HAD PREVAIL$ DUR+ ! ,FEBRU>Y B>RICADES4 

,BLANQUI1 M9DFUL ( ! GRAVITY ( ! SITUATION1 TRI$ ON ,M>* #ad TO BR+ ! REPUBLICAN CLUBS TOGE!R TO MAKE A COMMON PUBLIC %[ ( /R5G?4 ,AT A MEET+ 9 ! HOME ( ,B5JAM9 ,FLOTTE1 HE HELP$ =M A C5TRAL COMMITTEE ?AT CONSI/$ ( REPRES5TATIVES ( #ad CLUBS & #c LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1 ) ! GOAL ( PETITION+ ! GOV]NM5T = ! SATISFACTION ( !IR ?REE DEM&S4 ,:5 ! C\NCIL ( M9I/]S REFUS$ TO RECEIVE ! COMMITTEE'S SPOKESM51 ! WORK+-CLASS LEAD]S DECID$ ?AT ! TIME HAD >RIV$ TO GIVE OP5 EXPRESSION TO !IR DEM&S BY CALL+ A MASS DEMON/RATION 9 ! CAPITAL4 

,?IS DEMON/RATION PROBABLY W\LD HAVE BE5 HELD LAT] ?AN ,M>* #a#g1 BUT IT WAS PRECIPITAT$ BY A P>ADE ( ELITE UNITS ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D :O W]E DET]M9$ TO PROTE/ :AT !Y REG>D$ AS ! EXCESSIVELY EGALIT>IAN PR9CIPLES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,BY ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T'S DECREE ( ,FEBRU>Y #bd OP5+ ! ,GU>D TO ALL ABLE-BODI$ ADULT MALES1 SOME #i1 NEWCOM]S W]E N[ POIS$ TO 5T] ! MILITIA'S RANKS4 ,MO/ ( !M W]E WORK]S1 RAIS+ ! POSSIBILITY ?AT !Y MI<T \TNUMB] ! MIDDLE-CLASS ,GU>DS4 ,MASS PRESSURE FROM ! WORK]S1 MOREOV]1 COMPELL$ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T TO DISSOLVE ! ,GU>D'S ELITE B\RGEOIS GR5ADI] BATTALIONS-- DI/+UI%$ BY !IR ORNATE UNI=MS & HI< BE>SK9 HATS1 OR BONNETS A POIL--& DISP]SE !M AMONG SOCIALLY MIX$ LEGIONS4 ,!SE DISB&$ 0BE>SK9S10 AS !Y W]E CALL$1 W]E N[ FAC$ ) ! SOCIALLY HUMILIAT+ PROSPECT ( HAV+ TO S]VE 9 UNITS COMPOS$ ( MEMB]S ( ! L[] CLASSES--& ! PROSPECT ( M>*+ ALONGSIDE %ABBY WORK]S ) CALL\S$ H&S MADE !M %UDD]4 

,ON ,M>* #a#f1 9 PROTE/ ( ?IS ?REAT5$ DEGRADATION1 SOME #c1 BONNETS A POIL1 RESPL5D5DY UNI=M$1 M>*$ ?R\< ! /REETS ( ! CAPITAL TO ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE4 ,5 R\TE1 :5 ! 0BE>SK9S0 REA*$ ! ,PONT AU ,*ANGE 7NE> ,NOT] ,DAME71 !Y 5C\NT]$ AN ANGRY GR\P ( CAB9ETMAK]S1 ME*ANICS1 & TYPOGRAPH]S :O VIGOR\SLY %\T$3 0,D[N ) ! BONNETS A POIL60 ,?IS C\NT]DEMON/RATION ( ! WORK]S MAY NOT HAVE BE5 5TIRELY SPONTANE\S2 SOME REPORTS HAVE IT ?AT ,CAUSSIDI]E1 ! POLICE PREFECT & A CLOSE ASSOCIATE ( ,L$RU-,ROLL91 HAD RALLI$ ! WORK+-CLASS HECKL]S TO HUMILIATE ! ELITE ,GU>DS & GIVE !M A PUBLIC TONGUE-LA%+4 

,NONE!LESS1 ! DEMON/RATION ( ! 0BE>SK9S0 9 SUPPORT ( !IR ELITE /ATUS REVEAL$ ONCE AGA9 ?AT1 LESS ?AN A MON? AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y ,DAYS1 REACTION WAS ALREADY OP5LY MOBILIZ+ ITS SUPPORT]S4 ,TO ! HECKL+ ( ! WORK]S ON ! ,PONT AU ,*ANGE1 ! ,GU>DS FLUNG BACK1 ) EQUAL HO/ILITY1 0,D[N ) ! COMMUNI/S60 & 0,D[N ) ,L$RU-,ROLL960 ,!SE IMPRECATIONS W]E PECULI>LY HOLL[3 ! WORD COMMUNI/ AT ?IS TIME D5OT$ ! FOLL[]S ( ! PACIFI/ IDEAS ( ,CABET1 :O 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 DESPITE HIS COMMUNI/ BELIEFS1 HAD 5JO9$ ! 9SURG5TS TO SCRUPUL\SLY RESPECT PRIVATE PROP]TY & SUPPORT ! MIDDLE-CLASS REPUBLIC4 ,9DE$1 9 ! OP9ION ( ! ,C\NTESS D',AG\LT & EV5 ,LAM>T9E1 ,CABET'S G5]ALLY MOD]ATE VIEWS HAD PLAY$ A ROLE 9 RE/RA9+ ! ,P>ISIAN WORK]S FROM *ALL5G+ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOVEMM5,L ,EV5 MORE ABSURDLY1 ,L$RU-,ROLL91 A F\ND] ( ! MOD]ATE ,LA ,RE=ME1 WAS DRIFT+ /EADILY TO ! RI<T & TRY+ TO %$ HIS IMAGE AS A RADICAL4 ,NONE!LESS1 ?AT ?\S&S ( ,GU>DS W\LD OP5LY D5\NCE ! TEPID ACOLYTES ( ,CABET & ! LEFT-LEAN+ LIB]ALISM ( ,L$RU- ,ROLL9 W\LD HAVE BE5 9CONCEIVABLE A FEW WEEKS E>LI]4 ,AS ,GEORGES ,DUVEAU NOTES1 ! CRY 0,D[N ) ,L$RU-,ROLL960 IS 0WOR? REMEMB]+1 = IT WAS ! FIR/ TIME ! REACTION>Y ELEM5T HAD RAIS$ ITS VOICE40.<#d#e#g.> 

,! ,M>* #af DEMON/RATION ( ! ELITE ,GU>DS FAIL$ TO ALT] ! M9I/]S' DECISION TO ELIM9ATE !IR SPECIAL /ATUS3 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T WAS /ILL REPUBLICAN 5\< TO /& BY ITS [N DECREE & ! EGALIT>IAN PR9CIPLES IT EMBODI$4 ,! ,GU>DS W]E 9=M$ ?AT ! DEMOCRATIZATION ( !IR RANKS W\LD PROCE$ AS PLANN$1 & !Y HAD NO *OICE BUT TO SUBMIT TO ! GOV]NM5T'S *ANGES4 ,BUT ! ,P>ISIAN WORK+ CLASS C\LD NOT P]MIT ! >ROGANT BEHAVIOR ( ! ELITE ,GU>DS TO GO UNANSW]$1 & ON ! NI<T ( ,M>* #a#f1 ! CLUBS W]E FEV]I%LY PLANN+ = A MASSIVE C\NT]PROTE/ AGA9/ ! 0BE>SK9S0 & 9 SUPPORT ( !IR ?REE BASIC DEM&S4 

,! NEXT MORN+1 ON ,M>* #a#g1 AN E/IMAT$ #a#e1 TO #b1 PEOPLE1 MA9LY WORK]S1 RALLI$ 9 ! ,PLACE DE LA ,CONCORDE4 ,! LEAD]%IP ( ! M>* BELONGS NOT ONLY TO ,CABET BUT ALSO TO ,BLANQUI1 :O MORE ?AN ANY S+LE 9DIVIDUAL >TICULAT$ ! DEEPLY FELT CONC]NS ( ! WORK]S4 ,! DEMON/RATORS C>RI$ A PETITION1 DRAWN UP BY ,CABET1 TO )DRAW ! REMA9+ REGUL> TROOPS FROM ,P>IS & PO/PONE ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D & ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS4 ,BEAT+ DRUMS1 S++ ! 0,M>SEILLAISE10 & *ANT+ SLOGANS1 ! CR[D W\ND ITS WAY ?R\< ! V]Y C5T] ( B\RGEOIS ,P>IS TO ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE4 ,9 A SOLEMN & ORD]LY FA%ION1 !Y /RODE BEH9D ! BANN]S ( !IR V>I\S TRADE ORGANIZATIONS & CLUBS--9DE$1 A SEA ( BANN]S1 D5OT+ ! TIDE ( ASSOCIATIONISM ?AT HAD SWEPT OV] ! ,P>ISIAN WORK]S S9CE ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION--AS WELL AS A MULTITUDE ( TRICOLORS1 & ! NATIONAL FLAGS ( ALL ! EXILES 9 ,P>IS1 9CLUD+ ! ,RUSSIAN FLAG1 = AMONG ! EXILES 9 ! M>* W]E ! NOVELI/ ,IVAN ,TURG5EV & ! AN>*I/ ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN94 

,! PROCESSION WAS MASSIVE4 ,9DE$1 ! 5ORMITY ( ! CR[D & ITS V]Y ORD]L9ESS W]E R$OL5T ( ! GREAT J\RNEES ( #a#g#i#b-#i#c & TE/IMONY TO ! LAT5T P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASSES & !IR EXTRAORD9>Y CAPACITY = ORGANIZATION4 ,YET ! DEMON/RATION /RUCK PANIC 9TO ! HE>TS ( ! NOTABLES & B\RGEOISIE1 :O LONG ASSOCIAT$ REPUBLICANISM ) BLOOD?IR/Y MOBS1 RIOTS1 & T]ROR4 ,IRONICALLY1 AL?\< MANY ( ! DEMON/RATORS W]E M]ELY EXPRESS+ !IR SUPPORT = ! NEW ,REPUBLIC1 ?IS MASSIVE TURN\T /UNN$ NOT ONLY ! MIDDLE CLASSES BUT EV5 MOD]ATE SOCIALI/S :O FANCI$ ! DEMON/RATION TOO MASSIVE = !IR LIK+4 ,9DE$1 ,BLANC PANICK$ AT ! SIZE ( ! J\RNEE & BEGAN TO TILT T[>D ! GOV]NM5T'S SIDE AS SOON AS ! FIR/ DEMON/RATORS REA*$ ! ,PLACE DE ,GREVE4 

,9 RETROSPECT1 ! ,M>* #ag DEMON/RATION WAS ! L>GE/ %[ ( REPUBLICAN /R5G? 9 #a#h#d#h4 ,MOREOV]1 IT MAY WELL HAVE BE5 ! ONLY MOM5T ?AT SPR+ :5 ! WORK+ CLASSES C\LD ACTUALLY HAVE TAK5 OV] ! GOV]NM5T ) V]Y LITDE BLOOD%$4 ,SU* AN 9SURRECTION>Y PLAN1 9 FACT1 DOES SEEM TO HAVE EXI/$3 POLICE *IEF ,CAUSSIDI]E WAS EAG] TO 5LI/ ,L$RU- ,ROLL91 ! D>L+ ( ! L[] MIDDLE CLASS1 & ,>M& ,B>BES TO JO9 !IR OLD ,SAISONS COLLEAGUE ,BLANQUI & MOBILIZE ! WORK]S = AN UPRIS+4 ,! REVOLT HE 5VISION$ WAS TO PURGE ! GOV]NM5T ( ITS CONS]VATIVE MEMB]S & TURN ! ,REVOLUTION LEFTW>D4 

,SU* AN ATTEMPT1 HAD IT BE5 MADE1 C\LD WELL HAVE SUCCE$$1 S9CE NO MILIT>Y =CE YET EXI/$ 9 ,P>IS ?AT WAS /RONG 5\< TO PREV5T IT4 ,BUT ,L$RU-,ROLL9 WAS TOO EAG] TO CURRY FAVOR ) ! MOD]ATE REPUBLICANS TO COLLABORATE ) ,BLANQUI4 ,NOR W\LD ,B>BES EV5 ?9K ( JO9+ =CES ) HIS OLD COCONSPIRATOR1 :O HE HAD COME TO HATE ) AN ALMO/ MANIC FR5ZY4 ,9DE$1 9 ,MAX ,NOMAD'S JUDGM5T1 0! FATE ( ! ,REVOLUTION ( #ahdh WAS SEAL$ BY ! CONTEMPTU\S ATTITUDE T[>D ,BLANQUI ( ,L$RU-,ROLL9 & ,BLANC1 & ! GR[+ HATR$ ( ,B>BES4 

,! MOM5T WAS V]Y FAVORABLE = A WELL-NI< BLOODLESS REVOLUTION :I* W\LD HAVE REMOV$ ! ,RI<T FROM ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT SU* A VICTORY W\LD HAVE MEANT ! ASC5DANCY ( ! ,RI*ELIEU ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 AS SOME HI/ORIANS HAVE CALL$ ,BLANQUI4444 ,AS A RESULT1 NOT ONLY NE> RADICAL- ,LIB]ALS LIKE ,L$RU-,ROLL91 & MOD]ATE SOCIALI/S LIKE ,L\IS ,BLANC1 BUT EV5 REVOLUTION>Y COMMUNI/S LIKE ,>M& ,B>BES1 :O 9CID5TALLY HAD A P]SONAL GRUDGE .<AGA9/ ,BLANQUI.>1 PREF]R$ TO REMA9 PASSIVE--?US PAV+ ! WAY = A COMPLETE VICTORY ( ! ,RI<T4.<#d#e#h.> 

,BLANQUI1 :OSE /RATEGIC S5SE ( REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITIES HAD BECOME MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ OV] ! YE>S1 MAY WELL HAVE BE5 UNWILL+ TO DO MORE ?AN PURGE ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T ( REACTION>IES4 ,BUT IF ,NOMAD'S SPECULATIONS >E CORRECT1 !N IT W\LD SEEM ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION ( #ahdh WAS DOOM$ TO FAILURE 9 P>T1 AT LEA/1 BY ! PETT9ESS & IRRESOLUTION ( ITS KEY RADICAL LEAD]S4 ,! RESULT WAS ?AT ! DEMON/RATION DID NO?+ BUT T]RIFY ! B\RGEOISIE )\T GA9+ MU* = ! WORK]S4 

,:5 ! P>ADE REA*$ ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE1 ! MEET+ ?AT TOOK PLACE BETWE5 ! WORK]S' DELEGATION & ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T M9I/]S WAS A /UDY 9 PA?OS4 ,! M9I/]S1 9CLUD+ ,BLANC1 W]E OBLIG$ TO LEAVE ! SAFETY ( ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE & DESC5D ITS /EPS TO FACE ! CR[D$ ,PLACE DE ,GREVE AS A VISIBLE ACKN[L$GM5T ( ! DEMON/RATORS' PETITION4 ,! MORE MILITANT WORK]S 9 ! SQU>E W]E H>DLY DECEIV$ BY ?IS GE/URE4 ,AS ,BLANC WAS TO LAT] REC\NT1 0A MAN ( 5]GETIC ME91 & :OSE FLA%+ EYES LIT UP ! EXTREME PAL5ESS ( HIS FACE1 RU%$ IMPETU\SLY T[>DS ME1 & SEIZ+ ME BY ! >M1 WRA?FULLY EXCLAIM$1 ',Y\ >E !N A TRAITOR1 EV5 Y\6'0.<#d#e#i.> 

,?IS ANGRY ACCUSATION WAS NOT )\T JU/IFICATION4 ,TO BE SURE1 ! M9I/]S DID ACC$E TO SOME ( ! DEMON/RATORS' DEM&S4 ,MA9LY ON ! 9SI/5CE ( ,BLANC & ,ALB]T1 !Y AGRE$ TO PO/PONE ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D ELECTIONS TO ,APRIL #e1 & !Y AGRE$ TO PO/PONE ! NATIONAL ELECTIONS--AL?\< NOT TO ,MAY #c#a1 AS ! DEMON/RATORS HAD WANT$1 BUT TO ,APRIL #b#c1 LEAV+ COMMITT$ REPUBLICANS & SOCIALI/S ) LITTLE MORE ?AN A MON? TO PRODUCE A SEA *ANGE 9 ! PEASANTRY4 ,BUT ! M9I/]S ADAM&Y REFUS$ TO BUDGE ON ! DEM& = ! REMOVAL ( ! REMA9+ >MY TROOPS1 O/5SIBLY ON ! GR\NDS ?AT ! BULK ( ! >MY WAS \TSIDE ! CAPITAL--:I* 9 ITSELF WAS V]Y UNN]V+ TO ! WORK]S4 

,?US1 9 RETROSPECT1 ! ,M>* #ag J\RNEE WAS A FAILURE4 ,IT HAD A*IEV$ ONLY A FEW CONCESSIONS FROM ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 & IT LEFT ! SPLIT )9 ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D UNHEAL$4 ,! REVOLUTION REMA9$ 9COMPLETE1 NOT ONLY 9 A SOCIAL S5SE BUT EV5 9 A =MAL S5SE4 ,! DEMOCRATIC GA9S ( ! ,FEBRU>Y P]IOD HAD BE5 EXTREMELY FRAGILE TO BEG9 ) & C\LD EASILY BE SWEPT AWAY BY A REACTION>Y ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 ,F9ALLY1 HAV+ FRI<T5$ ! B\RGEOISIE & NOTABLES BY ITS SIZE & =CE1 ! J\RNEE PROPELL$ !M 9TO TAK+ S]I\S ACTION AGA9/ ANY PROSPECTIVE WORK+-CLASS *ALL5GE4 ,! HI/ORY ( REVOLUTIONS %[S REPEAT$LY ?AT !RE IS NO?+ MORE DANG]\S ?AN A T]RIFI$ MIDDLE CLASS1 :OSE V9DICTIV5ESS IS MAT*$ ONLY BY ITS C[>DICE4 ,! MILITANT WORK]S 9 ! CLUBS SEEM$ TO UND]/& ?IS1 & = NE>LY A MON? AFT] ,M>* #a#g1 !Y PLAC>D$ ! CITY ) W>N+S ?AT ,LAM>T9E & HIS M9I/]S W]E RISK+ A S]I\S CONFRONTATION ) ! MASSES4 

,! ,J,\,R,N,E,E ,( ,A,P,R,I,L #af 

,IF ! ,M>* #ag J\RNEE WAS 0! LA/ GLORI\S DAY ( ! DEMOCRATIC P>TY10 TO USE ! WORDS ( ,L\IS ,M5>D1.<#d#f.> !REAFT] ! %AKY BLOC ( MOD]ATE REPUBLICANS1 RADICAL REPUBLICANS1 SOCIALI/S1 & COMMUNI/S--( WORK]S & MIDDLE CLASSES--:O HAD SUPPORT$ ! REPUBLIC DESPITE !IR MUTUAL DI/RU/1 BEGAN TO FALL AP>T AS EA* DIVID$ AGA9/ ! O!RS1 ALONG NOT ONLY CLASS BUT EV5 VOCATIONAL L9ES4 

,?IS PROCESS ( DIS9TEGRATION WAS ACCEL]AT$ TWO WEEKS AFT] ! J\RNEE1 :5 A S5SATIONAL EF=T WAS MADE TO DEFAME ,BLANQUI & TO DIVIDE ! RADICAL MOVEM5T4 ,ALMO/ T5 YE>S E>LI]1 ACCORD+ TO ONE ,JULES ,TAS*]EAU1 ,BLANQUI1 :ILE 9 POLICE CU/ODY1 HAD CONFESS$ CONFID5TIAL 9=MATION AB\T ! ,SAISONS PUTS* ( ,MAY #a#h#c#i4 ,?IS SEEM+LY COMPROMIS+ 0CONFESSION10 :I* ,TAS*]EAU PUBLI%$ 9 HIS ,LA ,REVUE RETROSPECTIVE1 CONTA9$ 9=MATION AB\T ! ALLEG$ PLOT ?AT ONLY ,BLANQUI & A FEW ( HIS COCONSPIRATORS C\LD HAVE KN[N4 ,B>BES1 :OM ,BLANQUI HAD DRAGG$ FROM HIS SYB>ITIC LIFE/YLE AT HIS E/ATE 9 ! S\? TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! #ahci UPRIS+1 WAS N[ ONLY TOO EAG] TO CORROBORATE ,TAS*]EAU'S QUE/IONABLE CLAIMS & ?OR\<LY BLACK5 HIS OLD COMRADE'S NAME4 

,9 ,P>IS ! S5SATIONAL DOCUM5T BECAME A WIDELY DISCUSS$ TOPIC 9 CAFES & SALONS1 EV5 LEAD+ TO /REET BRAWLS4 ,APPE>+ AS IT DID 9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! ,M>* #ag J\RNEE1 ITS AU!NTICITY MI<T REASONABLY HAVE BE5 VIEW$ ) DEEP SUSPICION4 ,TAS*]EAU HIMSELF HAD BE5 A SUSPECT$ POLICE 9=M] UND] ,L\IS-,PHILIPPE1 :ILE ,B>BES WAS BY N[ ,BLANQUI'S SWORN FOE4 ,ABOVE ALL1 ! 0REVELATION0 CAME AT A V]Y CONV5I5T TIME = ! GOV]NM5T3 IT KNEW ONLY TOO WELL ?AT ITS GREATE/ DANG] CAME FROM ,BLANQUI & HIS ASSOCIATES4 ,NO?+ C\LD HAVE S]V$ ITS PURPOSES BETT] ?AN TO DEFAME ! OLD REVOLUTION>Y & !REBY FOM5T A S]I\S DIVISION 9 ! RADICAL CAMP4 

,!RE IS NO COMPELL+ EVID5CE1 H[EV]1 ?AT ,BLANQUI ACTUALLY MADE ! CONFESSION PUBLI%$ BY ,TAS*]EAU4 ,! DOCUM5T WAS NOT WRITT5 9 HIS H&1 NOR WAS HIS NAME EV5 M5TION$ 9 IT4 ,MOREOV]1 EV5 IF ,BLANQUI HAD MADE IT1 HE C]TA9LY GA9$ ABSOLUTELY NO?+ FROM DO+ SO--NEI!R ! POLICE NOR ! JUDICIAL SY/EM TREAT$ HIM ) ANY L5I5CY :ATEV]4 ,A CLOSE /UDY ( ! DOCUM5T1 9 FACT1 REVEAL$ ?AT IT CONTA9$ V]Y LITDE ?AT WAS NOT ALREADY KN[N TO O!R PEOPLE 9 ! ,SAISONS OR TO ! POLICE SPIES :O HAD 9FILTRAT$ ! ORGANIZATION4 

,BLANQUI'S REPLY1 AS LOGICAL & P[]FUL AS IT WAS1 MI<T HAVE BLA/$ HIS OPPON5TS TO ! L[] DEP?S & LAID TO RE/ MO/ ( ! ACCUSATIONS AGA9/ HIM1 HAD HE NOT BE5 BELEAGU]$ BY SO MANY OPPON5TS :O W]E EAG] TO BELIEVE ! DOCUM5T1 DISCR$IT HIM P]SONALLY1 & ABOVE ALL DIVIDE ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?AT HE HAD DONE SO MU* TO ORGANIZE4 ,AL?\< ! ,TAS*]EAU DOCUM5T CA/ A %AD[ OV] HIM ?AT P]SI/$ TO ! 5D ( HIS DAYS1 IT DID LITDE TO DIM9I% ,BLANQUI'S 9FLU5CE ) ! WORK]S1 MANY ( :OM ALL BUT REV]$ HIM = HIS D$ICATION & SACRIFICES4 

,:ILE ! ,TAS*]EAU DOCUM5T WAS G5]AT+ MI/RU/ & 9CIT+ ACRIMONY AMONG ! V>I\S REPUBLICAN FACTIONS1 ! GOV]NM5T WAS BUSILY 5GAG$ 9 BOL/]+ ! MILIT>Y =CES AT ITS COMM&1 BR++ ! ,MOBILE ,GU>D UP TO FULL /R5G?4 ,AT ! SAME TIME IT TRI$ TO FAN ! PREJUDICIAL FLAMES ?AT DIVID$ ! WORK+-CLASS & B\RGEOIS UNITS ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D4 ,! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 FRI<T5$ BY ! ,M>* #ag J\RNEE1 W]E SOON SPOIL+ = ANO!R CONFRONTATION4 ,:5 IT F9ALLY CAME1 IT WAS UND] CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT W]E SO IDIOSYNCRATIC ?AT1 W]E ITS EFFECTS NOT SO TRAGIC1 IT MI<T WELL HAVE CON/ITUT$ A COM$Y ( ABSURD ]RORS4 

,ON ,APRIL #e1 ! G5]AL ELECTIONS = ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D (FIC]S W]E HELD AS S*$UL$4 ,BUT = A V>IETY ( REASONS1 REPUBLICAN & WORK+-CLASS C&IDATES :O W]E *ALL5G+ ! VET]AN ,GU>D (FIC]S DID NOT RECEIVE 5\< VOTES TO PREVAIL4 ,! COMM&] ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 ,C\RTAIS1 !REUPON DECID$ TO ALLOCATE F\RTE5 /AFF (FIC] POSITIONS SPECIFICALLY = WORK+-CLASS MEMB]S1 9 A SPECIAL ELECTION ?AT WAS TO TAKE PLACE AT ! ,*AMP DE ,M>S ON ! MORN+ ( ,APRIL #a#f4 

,MOREOV]1 APP>5DY ON ,BLANC'S 9SPIRATION1 ! WORK]S AT ! ,*AMP DE ,M>S W]E ALSO EXPECT$ TO EXPRESS !IR GOODWILL T[>D ! REPUBLIC BY TAK+ UP A MONET>Y COLLECTION 9 ! GOV]NM5T'S BEHALF4 ,IT WAS !N PLANN$ ?AT !Y W\LD M>* 9 A PEACEFUL PROCESSION ALONG ! ,RI<T ,BANK TO TRANSPORT ?IS 0PATRIOTIC DONATION0 TO ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE1 C>RY+ TRICOLORS & TRADE BANN]S 9 AN ORD]LY >RAY4 ,!RE !Y W]E ALSO EXPECT$ TO PRES5T ! GOV]NM5T ) A PETITION ?AT MILDLY APPEAL$ = MORE SOCIALLY ORI5T$ POLICIES4 ,! M9I/]S W]E NOT 9 ! D>K AB\T !SE PLANS3 ,BLANC HAD ADVIS$ !M ! DAY BE=E ?AT !Y %\LD EXPECT A PEACEFUL M>*1 & ?AT ! CR[D W\LD BR+ !M NOT ONLY A 0PATRIOTIC DONATION0 BUT A NUMB] ( SOCIAL DEM&S AS WELL4 

,! CONS]VATIVE M9I/]S1 H[EV]1 W]E ONLY TOO EAG] TO TREAT ?IS PLANN$ M>* AS AN 9SURRECTION>Y J\RNEE4 ,FE$+ ?IS /RATEGY WAS A P>TICUL>LY RECKLESS >TICLE 9 ! ,BULLET9 DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE ON ,APRIL #a#d1 PUBLI%$ :ILE ITS $ITOR WAS ABS5T FROM HIS (FICE4 ,WRITT5 BY ,GEORGE ,S&1 ! >TICLE'S PROVOCATIVE LANGUAGE ?REAT5$ 9SURRECTION UNLESS ! UPCOM+ ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS1 ONLY A WEEK AWAY1 RETURN$ A RADICAL MAJORITY4 ,AS ! FAM\S NOVELI/ LURIDLY PUT IT3 

,UNLESS ! ELECTIONS BR+ AB\T ! TRIUMPH ( SOCIAL TRU?1 IF !Y >E NO MORE ?AN AN EXPRESSION ( ! 9T]E/S ( ONE CLASS1 WR5*$ FROM ! LOYAL & TRU/+ PEOPLE1 !N ! ELECTIONS :I* %\LD BE ! SALVATION ( ! ,REPUBLIC WILL BE ITS DE/RUCTION1 ( ?AT !RE CAN BE NO D\B,L ,!N !RE WILL BE ONLY ONE ROAD TO ! SALVATION = ! PEOPLE :O SET UP ! B>RICADES1 & ?AT WILL BE TO DEMON/RATE !IR WI%ES = A SECOND TIME & PUT (F ! DECISIONS TAK5 BY A FALSE NATIONAL REPRES5TATION4.<#d#f#a.> 

,9 ANTICIPATION ( AN 9SURRECTION1 ,LAM>T9E SAYS 9 HIS MEMOIR1 HE FRANTICALLY PREP>$ HIS WILL & BURN$ HIS SECRET PAP]S1 :ILE /ILL O!R M9I/]S SCURRI$ >\ND ! CAPITAL1 MAK+ PREP>ATIONS TO C\NT] A WORK+-CLASS UPRIS+4 

,S& ALSO ALLEG$ ?AT ,BLANQUI WAS CONSPIR+ 7?IS TIME )\T ,B>BES1 ,CAUSSIDI]E1 & ,FLOCON7 TO USE ! UPCOM+ 09SURRECTION0 TO =CIBLY REPLACE ,LAM>T9E )--( ALL PEOPLE--?AT P>AGON ( WAYW>D RADICALISM1 ,L$RU- ,ROLL94 ,! MON? BE=E1 ( C\RSE1 ,L$RU-,ROLL9 HAD CONTEMPTU\SLY REJECT$ ANY COLLABORATION ) ,BLANQUI & WAS HIMSELF MOV+ /EADILY T[>D ! RI<T4 ,9DE$1 ?AT ,BLANQUI WAS CONSPIR+ TO OV]?R[ ! GOV]NM5T AT ALL ON ,APRIL #af IS H>DLY CR$IBLE4 ,AS ,BLANC HAS CONV9C+LY DOCUM5T$1 ON ! DAY BE=E ! M>* ! REVOLUTION>Y SP5T SEV]AL H\RS CONV]S+ 9 A RA!R AMIABLE MANN] ) ,LAM>DNE 9 ! M9I/]'S HOME1 :O APP>5DY WAS TRY+ TO USE HIS IRRESI/IBLE *>MS--AS HE SUPPOS$--TO W9 ! RADICALS TO HIS SIDE4 ,M>X1 MORE REALI/ICALLY1 WRITES ?AT ! GOV]NM5T NE$$ 0AN EXCUSE = RECALL+ ! >MY TO ,P>IS10 :I* SEEMS ! MO/ PROBABLE REASON = ITS %[ ( HY/]IA 9 REACTION TO ! PROPOS$ DEMON/RATION4.<#d#f#b.> 

,:5 ! MORN+ ( ,APRIL #af >RIV$1 T5S ( ?\S&S ( UN>M$ WORK]S GA!R$ AT ! ,*AMP DE ,M>S1 :OLLY UNAW>E ?AT 9SURRECTION>Y 9T5TIONS W]E BE+ IMPUT$ TO !M4 ,9 A FE/IVE BUT ORGANIZ$ MASS1 !Y CA/ !IR BALLOTS = !IR F\RTE5 ,GU>D (FIC]S1 !N TOOK UP ! 0PATRIOTIC DONATION0 & BEGAN !IR M>* TO ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE4 ,! DEMON/RATION WAS 5TIRELY PEACEFUL1 9DE$ ALMO/ SOLEMN4 ,!IR TRADE BANN]S & SIGNS CALL$ = ! 0ORGANIZATION ( LABOR0 & AN 5D TO 0! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN10 G5]AL SLOGANS ?AT W]E ANY?+ BUT PROVOCATIVE1 /ILL LESS M5AC+4 ,F9ALLY1 ! TONE ( !IR PETITION WAS ANY?+ BUT BELLIG]5T3 

,CITIZ5S1 ! RE-ACTION RAISES ITS HEAD2 CALUMNY1 ! FAVORITE WEAPON ( UNPR9CIPL$ & DI%ONORABLE M51 IS ON ALL SIDES ASSAIL+ ) ITS V5OM\S FALSEHOODS ! TRUE FRI5DS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,IT IS = US1 ! M5 ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 M5 ( ACTION & DEVOT$NESS1 TO DECL>E TO ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T ?AT ! PEOPLE DECREE ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,REPUBLIC2 ?AT ! PEOPLE DESIRE ! ABOLITION ( MAN'S S]VITUDE TO MAN2 ?AT ! PEOPLE DESIRE ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR BY ASSOCIATION4 ,VIVE LA ,RE'PUBLIQUE6 ,VIVE LE ,G\VEMEM5T ,PROVISOIRE6.<#d#f#c.> 

,DESPITE ?IS EXCLAMATORY CLOS+ 5DORSEM5T ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 A RUMOR WAS SPREAD ?R\< ,P>IS DUR+ ! M>* ?AT ! WORK]S W]E PLANN+ TO SEIZE ! CITY HALL & PROCLAIM A 0COMMUNI/0 GOV]NM5T ,PRECISELY :O SPREAD ?IS RUMOR REMA9S A MY/]Y1 BUT ONE ( ! M9I/]S IMM$IATELY AU?ORIZ$ ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D BE SUMMON$ TO >MS1 NOT BY ! USUAL RAPPEL BUT BY A 0G5]AL AL>M10 A R>E DRUMBEAT & BUGLE CALL ?AT WAS S\ND$ ONLY 9 AN EXTREME EM]G5CY OR G5]AL /ATE ( SIEGE4 

,! PEACEFUL1 MO/LY PLACID & UN>M$ DEMON/RATORS MADE !IR WAY FROM ! ,*AMP DE ,M>S ACROSS ! ,PONT ,ROYAL4 ,AS !Y MOV$ T[>D ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE1 H[EV]1 !Y SUDD5LY RAN UP AGA9/ SOME #e1 >M$ & EXTREMELY HO/ILE ,NATIONAL ,GU>DS ) MUSKETS & BRISD+ BAYONETS4 ,! CITY HALL WAS SURR\ND$ BY A V]ITABLE >MY ( ,GU>DS & EV5 HO/ILE WORK]S FROM ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS4 ,9DE$1 TO REA* ! CITY HALL1 ! DEMON/RATORS W]E OBLIG$ TO FILE ?R\< A GAUNDET ( JE]+ ,GU>DS1 :O D]ID$ !M AS 0COMMUNI/S10 :ILE ,MOBILE ,GU>D UNITS1 :I* HAD BE5 9T]SP]S$ AMONG ! M>*]S1 SECTION$ (F ! DEMON/RATORS 9TO SMALL GR\PS1 O/5SIBLY TO PREV5T A C\P4 

,:O HAD ORD]$ ! PROVOCATIVE MOBILIZATION8 ,AL?\< SEV]AL M9I/]S LAT] CLAIM$ ?IS V]Y DUBI\S HONOR1 IT WAS ACTUALLY NONE O!R ?AN ,L$RU- ,ROLL91 9 CONSULTATION ) ,LAM>T9E1 :O HAD PLAC$ ! CAPITAL 9 A /ATE ( SIEGE4 ,! M9I/] ( ! 9T]IOR HAD N[ DEF9ITIVELY CA/ HIS LOT ) ,LAM>T9E AGA9/ ! WORK]S4 ,NOR WAS HE ! ONLY PROM95T RADICAL TO ?OR\<LY DISCR$IT HIMSELF ON ,APRIL #a#f3 ,B>BES1 AS A COLONEL 9 ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 M>*$ 9 FULL UNI=M AT ! HEAD ( HIS UNIT1 PREP>$ TO DEF5D ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE AGA9/ AN ATTACK BY WORK]S4 

,! WORK]S W]E A/ONI%$ BY ?IS RECEPTION1 & !Y W]E NO LESS A/ONI%$ TO LEAM ?AT !IR DELEGATION1 BE>+ ! 0PATRIOTIC DONATION0 = ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 HAD BE5 RECEIV$ NOT BY ! C\NCIL'S M9I/]S BUT BY ! DEPUTY MAYOR ( ! CITY4 ,!Y W]E HUMILIAT$1 EV5 DEGRAD$ BY ?IS BEHAVIOR & BY ! L>GE %[ ( MILIT>Y =CE1 :I* TREAT$ AN ORD]LY M>* AS A VIRTUAL 9SURRECTION4 ,IT WAS N[ CLE> ?AT TWO DI/9CT WORLDS HAD EM]G$ \T ( ! ,FEBRU>Y B>RICADES--! MASSES ( PEOPLE :O WORK$ ) !IR H&S & ! PRIVILEG$ POPULATION ?AT LIV$ (F !IR LABOR4 ,! GOV]NM5T C\LD NO LONG] BE TRU/$ TO DEF5D ! WORK]S' 9T]E/S1 NOR DID ! PRES5CE ( ,BLANC & ,ALB]T ALLEVIATE ! FACT ?AT IT WAS B\RGEOIS TO ! CORE4 ,AS ,DUVEAU METAPHORICALLY PUTS IT1 

,! %OP C\NT] HAD C>RI$ ! DAY OV] ! FACTORY B5*1 & FROM ,APRIL #af ONW>D A GREAT WAVE ( SOCIAL REACTION BEGAN TO SPREAD OV] ! C\NTRY4 0,ALL DEVOT$ REPUBLICANS10 WROTE ,CAUSSIDI]E1 0>E LUMP$ TOGE!R UND] ! NAME ( COMMUNI/S40.<#d#f#d.> 

,AFT] ,APRIL #a#f1 ! 0P>TY ( ORD]0--! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES & ! SMALL %OPKEEP]S1 UNIT$ 9 COMMON HO/ILITY TO ! WORK]S' DEM&S--EM]G$ ) 9CREAS+ /R5G? & CONFID5CE4 ,9 FACT1 FIVE DAYS LAT]1 ON ,APRIL #b#a1 ! GOV]NM5T PR$ICTABLY US$ ! SPECI\S J\RNEE AS AN EXCUSE TO BR+ FIVE >MY REGIM5TS--?REE 9FANTRY & TWO CAVALRY--9TO ,P>IS4 ,AL?\< ,ALB]T1 AT ! C\NCIL ( M9I/]S1 VEHEM5DY PROTE/$ ?IS PROVOCATIVE MOVE1 ! M9I/]S REFUS$ EV5 TO RECORD !IR DECISION 9 ! (FICIAL ,MONITEUR4 ,?US ! DECISION TO BR+ 9 >MY TROOPS WAS LEGALLY )HELD FROM ! PUBLIC AT L>GE1 BUT ORD9>Y CITIZ5S C\LD SOON SEE TROOP CONT+5TS & CAVALRY PATROLS AT V>I\S /RATEGIC PLACES 9 ,P>IS4 ,IF ! MILITANTS ( ,APRIL NE$$ ANY EVID5CE ?AT ! REVOLUTION WAS SLIPP+ FROM !IR H&S1 ! /EADY TRAMP ( L9E TROOPS & ! CLATT] ( CAVALRY HOOVES ON ! COBBL$ /REETS WAS AN EV]PRES5T REM9D] ( !IR LOSS ( P[]4 

,! ,G,R,[,+ ,C,R,I,S,I,S 

,9 ! DAYS BE=E ! ELECTION ( REPRES5TATIVES TO ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 DELEGATES FROM ! ,CLUB ( ,CLUBS BEGAN TO S5D TO ! CAPITAL OM9\S REPORTS ON ! POLITICAL /ATE ( M9D 9 ! RURAL >EAS ( ,FRANCE4 ,WRIT+ ON ,APRIL #ac FROM ,SA9T-,CL\D1 \TSIDE ,P>IS1 ONE DELEGATE'S REPORT PROVID$ A REM>KABLE DESCRIPTION3 

,! F>!R ,I GO FROM ! BIG CITIES ! MORE ,I COME ACROSS MEMORIES ( ! PA/ & 9COMPREH5SION ( ! PRES5T 444 ,9 ,P>IS AMONG ?OSE GREAT 5LI<T5$ PEOPLE :O OV]TURN$ ! GOV]NM5T ( VE/$ 9T]E/S IT IS APPRECIAT$ ?AT SOCIAL 9EQUALITY IS A ?+ ( ! PA/4 ,PEOPLE HOPE = ! FUTURE ?AT WAS PROCLAIM$ BY ! MAN FROM ,NAZ>E?4 ,9 ! PR9CIPAL T[NS ( ! V>I\S DEP>TM5TS Y\ ALSO F9D NOBLE1 LOYAL HE>TS1 SPIRITS ?AT =ESEE ! FUTURE OP5$ UP = US BY ! COM+ ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,BUT 9 ! SMALL] PLACES EV]Y?+ IS DIFF]5T ,! CITIZ5S >E ! VICTIMS ( !IR [N SELFI%NESS1 OR N>R[-M9D$NESS & ( DEPLORABLE PREJUDICES4 

,! WRIT] !N W5T ON TO EMPHASIZE ?AT ! 

B\RGEOISIE1 NOBLES & MONEY-GRUBB]S1 :O YE/]DAY W]E DIVID$ 9TO MANY DIFF]5T CAMPS1 TODAY MAKE COMMON CAUSE 9 ORD] TO *ANGE ! NATURE ( ! ,REVOLUTION & TO /EM ! TIDE ( RE=M4444 ,! WORK]S :O >E /ILL DEP5D5T ON !SE PEOPLE--& :O FEEL IT--DO NOT D>E TO LIFT UP !IR HEADS4 ,9 PUBLIC OR 9 ! CLUBS !Y PROTE/ ONLY BY !IR SIL5CE AGA9/ ! ANTI-LIB]AL S5TIM5TS EXPRESS$ BY ! >I/OCRATS4.<#d#f#e.> 

,ON ,APRIL #b#c1 ,EA/] ,SUNDAY1 ADULT MALES ALL OV] ,FRANCE W5T TO ! POLLS1 MO/ ( !M = ! FIR/ TIME1 TO ELECT A ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T'S DECREE M&AT+ UNIV]SAL MANHOOD SUFFRAGE1 EI<TY-TWO P]C5T ( ,FR5*M5 OV] TW5TY-ONE YE>S ( AGE P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ELECTIONS4 ,AS ,BLANQUI HAD W>N$ MO/ ( ! PROV9CIAL VOT]S FOLL[$ ! GUIDANCE ( !IR SOCIAL BETT]S1 SU* AS ! NOTABLES1 CL]GY1 & EMPLOY]S1 & 9 SOME BACKW>D >EAS PEASANTS W]E M>*$ 9 TROOPS BY PRIE/S TO POLL+ PLACES OR VOT$ UND] ! WAT*FUL EYES ( LOCAL NOTABLES4 

,IF ! ,APRIL #af DEMON/RATION WAS A HUMILIAT+ FAILURE = ! ,P>ISIAN RADICALS1 ! RESULTS ( !SE ELECTIONS W]E A DISA/] = ALL CONSCI5TI\S ,FR5* REPUBLICANS4 ,! NEW ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 A BODY ( #i REPRES5TATIVES1 WAS COMPOS$ MO/LY ( M5 FROM PROV9CIAL ,FRANCE2 9 FACT1 IT CONTA9$ A L>G] PROPORTION ( L&[N]S1 PRIE/S1 & NOBLES ?AN ANY ASSEMBLY ?AT HAD BE5 ELECT$ EV5 UND] ! HI<LY RE/RICTIVE SUFFRAGE P]MITT$ BY ,L\IS-,PHILIPPE4 ,AT LEA/ HALF ( ! NEW ,ASSEMBLY CONSI/$ ( 0MOD]ATE REPUBLICANS0--9 MANY CASES1 A EUPHEMISM = =M] MON>*I/S :O1 :ILE VOIC+ SUPPORT = ! REPUBLIC1 HAD NOT =SAK5 !IR REACTION>Y CONVICTIONS4 ,LESS ?AN T5 P]C5T ( ! SEATS W]E GA9$ BY RADICAL REPUBLICANS 7:O !NCE=? CALL$ !MSELVES 0,MONTAGN>DS10 AFT] ! ,JACOB9S ( #a#g#i#c71 & AT LEA/ A ?IRD ( ! REPRES5TATIVES W]E EXPRESSLY MON>*I/ 9 !IR LEAN+S1 MOSDY ,ORLEANI/S & A SMALL NUMB] ( ,B\RBON ,LEGITIMI/S4 

,BY NO MEANS WAS ?IS REACTION>Y ,ASSEMBLY WILL+ TO LET ,L\IS ,BLANC & ,ALB]T RETA9 LEAD+ POSITIONS 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 AL?\< BO? M5 DID W9 SEATS 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY4 ,9DE$1 H[EV] FA9!>T$ ,BLANC MAY HAVE BE5 9 ADVANC+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S1 ! NEW GOV]NM5T WA/$ NO TIME1 AFT] IT CONV5$ ON ,MAY #d1 9 ELIM9AT+ HIM & ,ALB]T FROM ITS EXECUTIVE BODY4 ,IT DISP5S$ ) ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T'S C\NCIL ( M9I/]S & CREAT$ A NEW C\NCIL1 ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMISSION1 TO MANAGE ! C\NTRY'S AFFAIRS4 ,LIKE ! ,DIRECTORY DUR+ ! ,FIR/ ,REPUBLIC1 ! ,COMMISSION WAS COMPOS$ ( FIVE M5 7A 0,P5T>*Y10 AS ITS CRITICS LABEL$ IT DISDA9FULLY7 & WAS PLAC$ COMPLETELY UND] ! ?UMB ( ! REACTION>Y ,ASSEMBLY4 

,! MEMB]S ( ! FIVE-MAN ,COMMISSION W]E ALL REPRES5TATIVES ( ! RUL+ CLASSES3 ,LAM>T9E1 ,>AGO1 ,M>IE1 ,GAMI]-,PAGES1 & ,L$RU-,ROLL94 7,! ONCE-RADICAL ,L$RU-,ROLL9 WAS MADE A MEMB] ( ! GOV]NM5T ONLY ON ! 9SI/5CE ( ,LAM>T9E1 AS AN EXPRESSION ( APPRECIATION = ! M9I/]'S BETRAYAL ( ! WORK]S ON ,APRIL #a#f47 ,! ,P>ISIAN WORK]S1 :O HAD C>RI$ ! BRUNT ( ! ,FEBRU>Y FI<T+ &1 MORE ?AN ANY O!R P>T ( ! POPULATION1 HAD CREAT$ ! REPUBLIC1 HAD NO REPRES5TATIVES ON ! ,COMMISSION AT ALL4 ,ON ,MAY #d1 AS IF TO DECL>E ?AT ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION WAS DEF9ITIVELY OV] SO F> AS ! RUL+ CLASSES W]E CONC]N$1 ! ,ASSEMBLY (FICIALLY PROCLAIM$ ?AT ,FRANCE WAS M]ELY A 0=MAL0 RA!R ?AN A 0SOCIAL0 REPUBLIC1 ?US 5D+ ANY HOPES AMONG ! WORK]S ?AT !IR ECONOMIC NE$S W\LD BE SATISFI$4 

,BUT ! ELECTION ( ! PR$OM9&Y REACTION>Y ,ASSEMBLY CANNOT BE BLAM$ EXCLUSIVELY ON ! PROV9CIAL VOTE ALONE4 ,ALL ( PETTY-B\RGEOIS & B\RGEOIS ,P>IS--9DE$1 ALL M5 ( PROP]TY--HAD COME \T 9 =CE TO DEFEAT ! WORK+-CLASS C&IDATES1 & !IR NUMB]S W]E CONSID]ABLE4 ,\T ( ! TW5TY RADICAL C&IDATES NOM9AT$ BY ! ,LUXEMB\RG ,LABOR ,ASSEMBLY1 ,P>ISIANS ELECT$ ONLY ONE1 :ILE ,BLANQUI WAS DEFEAT$ ) A HUMILIAT+ VOTE4 ,EV5 ! G5]ALLY AMIABLE & !ATRICAL ,B>BES LO/ \T 9 ,P>IS & ACQUIR$ A SEAT 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY ONLY BECAUSE HE WAS *OS5 BY VOT]S FROM A DIFF]5T DEP>TM5,L ,AS A :OLE1 ! ,P>ISIAN ELECTORATE GAVE MORE VOTES TO CONS]VATIVE M9I/]S LIKE ,GAMI]-,PAGES & ,M>IE ?AN TO ,L\IS ,BLANC4 ,AL?\< ,BLANC WAS ELECT$ AS A REPRES5TATIVE1 HE RECEIV$ LESS ?AN HALF ! VOTE ?AT WAS GIV5 TO ,LAM>T9E1 :ILE ,CABET1 ! D>L+ ( ,M>* #a#g1 & ! ,F\RI]I/ ,CONSID]ANT SUFF]$ CRU%+ DEFEATS4 ,! RESULT WAS AN ,ASSEMBLY ?AT HAD LITDE SYMPA?Y = ! ,P>ISIAN WORK]S4 ,AS ,SAMUEL ,B]N/E9 OBS]VES1 

,A NO-MAN'S-L& LAY BETWE5 ! ,ASSEMBLY & WORK]S4 ,! ,*AMB] WAS HEAVILY COMMITT$ TO ABIDE BY ! /ATUS QUO4 ,CONSEQU5TLY IT MADE NO ADVANCES TO ! WORK]S1 DID NO?+ TO EASE !IR PA9S OR TO DIS>M !IR WRA?4 ,!IRS W]E FALL5 HOPES4 ,! ILLUSIONS ?AT HAD MANTL$ ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS W]E DISPELL$4 ,ONLY !IR *>ITABLE *>ACT] REMA9$ TO *IDE HUMAN DIGNITY2 & EV5 ?IS S\RCE ( RELIEF1 RUMOR HAD IT1 W\LD SOON /OP4444 ,WORK]S W]E DISPIRIT$1 NE>LY DESP]ATE4.<#d#f#f.> 

,AFT] ! ELECTIONS1 POPUL> P>TICIPATION 9 ! CLUB MOVEM5T DROPP$ PRECIPIT\SLY2 \T ( #b CLUBS 9 ! GREAT] ,P>IS >EA DUR+ ,M>* & ,APRIL1 FEW] ?AN SIXTY CONT9U$ TO MEET 9 ,MAY & ,JUNE1 & CLUBS ?AT HAD =M]LY ATTRACT$ ?\S&S ( MEMB]S %RIVEL$ TO ONLY A FEW HUNDR$ OR LESS4 ,P]HAPS ONE REASON = ! DECL9E WAS ?AT MANY WORK]S HAD REG>D$ ! CLUBS PRIM>ILY AS A MEANS ( PREP>+ = ! ELECTIONS1 AB&ON+ !M ONCE ! VOT+1 ) ITS DISAPPO9T+ RESULTS1 WAS OV]4 ,BUT ! DECL9E 9 ! CLUBS ALSO SEEMS TO HAVE REFLECT$ ! S5SE ( DEFEAT ?AT ! WORK]S FELT AFT] ! ,APRIL #ae J\RNEE4 ,BUT ! CLUBS ?AT REMA9$ W]E RADICAL ONES3 !Y HELD DISCUSSIONS ?AT RANG$ F> BEYOND ISSUES ( P>LIAM5T>Y P[] TO MORE SOCIAL ISSUES1 GIV+ GREAT] ATT5TION ?AN BE=E TO WEAL? DIFF]5TIALS1 ! ORGANIZATION ( WORK1 & ! NE$ = A 0DEMOCRATIC & SOCIAL REPUBLIC40 ,! REACTION>Y COMPLEXION ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY NURTUR$ !IR RADICALISM 5ORM\SLY4 ,MILITANTS FELT !Y HAD LITTLE REASON TO FOLL[ A P>LIAM5T>Y C\RSE ( ACTION1 & !Y 9CREAS+LY S5S$ ?AT ,BLANC'S & ,CABET'S BALMS (F]$ NO POSSIBILITY = IMPROV+ !IR MIS]ABLE CONDITION4 ,EV5 ! CAUTI\S ,BLANQUI RETURN$ TO FAVOR+ ORGANIZATIONS ?AT RESEMBL$ ! SECRET SOCIETIES ( ! #a#h#dS4 ,! DEMIMONDE ?AT GA9$ R5EW$ VIGOR 9 ! SLUMS ( ,P>IS WAS ONE ?AT FAVOR$ >M$ WORK+-CLASS RESI/ANCE4 

,! ,J,\,R,N,E,E ,( ,M,A,Y #ae 

,! WORK+-CLASS RADICALS 9 ! CLUBS MADE ONE LA/ DESP]ATE EF=T TO RETAKE ! 9ITIATIVE FROM ! GR[+ C\NT]REVOLUTION--NOTABLY1 9 ! J\RNEE ( ,MAY #a#e4 

,?IS J\RNEE C5T]$ ON TWO ISSUES4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT WAS ! QUE/ION ( ,POLI% LIB]ATION1 A CAUSE ?AT WAS V]Y POPUL> 9 ! CAPITAL4 ,AT ?AT MOM5T ,PRUSSIA WAS OCCUPI$ ) BRUTALLY MOPP+ UP A BLOODY 9SURRECTION 9 ,POLI% ,POS51 :ILE ,AU/RIA HAD BE5 BOMB>D+ ! V5]ABLE ,POLI% CITY ( ,CRAC[4 ,A ,POLI% ,EMIGRE COMMITTEE PETITION$ ,FRANCE = HELP1 S9CE IMM$IATE ASSI/ANCE BY ,FR5* TROOPS W\LD BE ABLE TO PREV5T S]I\S REPRISALS AGA9/ ! REBELS4 ,! CLUBS DEM&$ URG5DY ?AT1 UNLESS ,RUSSIA & ,PRUSSIA FRE$ ,POL& 9 ! NEXT TW5TY-F\R H\RS1 ,FRANCE %\LD DECL>E W> AGA9/ ! TWO C\NTRIES4 

,BUT ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY WAS CONT9U+ A POLICY ( NON9T]V5TION ABROAD1 A POLICY ?AT HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$ BY ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T %ORTLY AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y ,DAYS4 ,LAM>T9E1 AS M9I/] ( =EIGN AFFAIRS1 HAD !N 9=M$ ! ,EUROPEAN P[]S ?AT 

! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,FR5* ,REPUBLIC IS NOT AN ACT ( AGGRESSION AGA9/ ANY SORT ( GOV]NM5T 9 ! WORLD4 ,!RE >E DIFF]5CES BETWE5 =MS ( GOV]NM5T :I* >E AS LEGITIMATE AS ! DIFF]5T SORTS ( *>ACT]1 ( GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION1 & ( 9TELLECTUAL1 MORAL & MAT]IAL DEVELOPM5T SE5 9 V>I\S NATIONS4.<#d#f#g.> 

,) ?IS REASSURANCE TO ! CONT95T'S DESPOTS ( !IR LEGITIMACY1 ,LAM>T9E HAD R$UC$ ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION TO A PURELY NATIONAL AFFAIR1 PECULI> TO ,FRANCE 9 *>ACT] & GEOGRAPHY4 ,BUT TO MILITANT ,FR5* REPUBLICANS1 HIS /ATEM5T /OOD 9 %>P CONTRA/ TO ! UNIV]SALI/IC CLAIMS ( ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT SEEM$ TO D5Y ?AT ,FRANCE WAS ! 0MO!R ( REPUBLICS0 & H5CE ! =EMO/ DEF5D] ( LIB]TY EV]Y:]E 9 ! WORLD4 ,BY ALL RI<TS1 !Y 9SI/$1 ,FRANCE MU/ 9T]V5E TO ASSI/ ! CAUSE ( ,POLI% LIB]TY4 

,! SECOND ISSUE ?AT GAVE RISE TO ! J\RNEE WAS ! DEM&1 ORIG9ALLY MADE BY ,BLANC & ,ALB]T1 ?AT ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY CREATE A ,M9I/RY ( ,LABOR & ,PROGRESS4 ,! DEM& HAD CONSID]ABLE SUPPORT AMONG ! CLUBI/S1 = :OM IT CON/ITUT$ A BASIC TE/ ( ! ,ASSEMBLY'S POLITICS1 DET]M9+ :E!R ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC W\LD GO BEYOND A PURELY =MAL REPUBLIC TO CREATE A SOCIAL REPUBLIC AS WELL4 ,ON ,MAY #a#a1 :5 ! ,ASSEMBLY FLADY1 9DE$ D]ISIVELY1 REFUS$ TO CREATE SU* A M9I/RY1 ! WORK]S KNEW ?AT !IR 9T]E/S HAD NO PLACE ON ! GOV]NM5T'S AG5DA4 

,ANO!R J\RNEE WAS N[ UNAVOIDABLE4 ,! ,P>ISIAN CLUBS1 P>TICUL>LY 9FURIAT$ BY ! REFUSAL TO HELP ,POL&1 S*$UL$ A DEMON/RATION = ,MAY #a#e1 ! DAY ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY WAS EXPECT$ TO DEBATE ,FR5* POLICY T[>D ! DESP]ATE ,POLI% SITUATION4 ,BUT DID !Y ALSO PLAN AN 9SURRECTION8 ,! 9CREAS+LY REACTION>Y ,LE ,NATIONAL DECID$ 9 RETROSPECT ?AT AN UPRIS+ HAD 9DE$ BE5 PLANN$4 ,! DAY AFT] ! J\RNEE1 ! NEWSPAP] FUM$ ?AT1 UND] ! COV] ( A DEMON/RATION 09 SUPPORT ( ,POL&10 A 0PLOT WAS BE+ M\NT$ AGA9/ ! ASSEMBLY1 AGA9/ ! :OLE NATION1 :OSE LIFE1 ESS5CE1 ?\<T1 & 5]GY IS EXPRESS$ BY ! ASSEMBLY40.<#d#f#h.> ,BUT ! CLOSE/ ANYONE CAME TO MAK+ A PUBLIC CALL = AN 9SURRECTION WAS ,JOSEPH ,SOBRI]1 A SOCIALI/IC REPUBLICAN :O WAS ACTIVELY 9VOLV$ 9 ORGANIZ+ ! DEMON/RATION4 

,SOBRI] HAD BRIEFLY OCCUPI$ ! POSITION ( PREFECT ( POLICE 9 ,FEBRU>Y &1 %ORDY AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y UPRIS+1 HAD HELP$ ,CAUSSIDI]E ORGANIZE ! AUXILI>Y 0,MONTAGN>DS0 =CE 7NOT TO BE CONFUS$ ) ! ,MONTAGN>DS 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY74 ,HE WAS N[ $ITOR ( ! IMPORTANT CLUB NEWSPAP] ,LA ,COMMUNE DE ,P>IS4 ,ON ,MAY #a#a1 AFT] ! CON/ITU5T ASSEMBLY REJECT$ ,BLANC'S ,M9I/RY ( ,LABOR & ,PROGRESS1 ,SOBRI] $ITORIALLY DECL>$ ?AT 0! TIME ( VA9 HOPES HAS PASS$40 0,WILL ! H\R ( JU/ICE P]HAPS SOON /RIKE80 HE ASK$ OM9\SLY1 5D+ HIS W>N+ ) ! SAME BATDE CRY ?AT HAD BE5 VOIC$ BY 9SURG5T SILK WORK]S 9 ,LYON 9 #a#h#c#d3 0,LIVE WORK+ OR DIE FI<T+60 ,MOREOV]1 ,SOBRI]'S H\SE SEEMS TO HAVE S]V$ NOT ONLY AS ! $ITORIAL (FICES ( ! ,COMMUNE DE ,P>IS BUT AS AN 9=MAL HEADQU>T]S = A J\RNEE1 :]E WEAPONS W]E DELIB]ATELY /OCKPIL$ TO >M ! DEMON/RATORS 9 ! EV5T ( AN 9SURRECTION4 ,SEV5 DRAFT DECREES1 WRITT5 BY A J\RNALI/ = ,LA ,COMMUNE DE ,P>IS1 ONE ,SEIGNEURET1 W]E LAT] DISCOV]$ 9 ,SOBRI]'S HOME1 ANN\NC+ ?AT REPRES5TATIVES 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY W]E 0EXCLUD$ FROM ALL P[]0 & ?AT A ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY WAS TO BE APPO9T$4 ,ONE DECREE IRRESPONSIBLY LI/$ AS COMMITTEE MEMB]S 9DIVIDUALS :O HAD NO TRUCK :ATSOEV] ) HIS PLANS4.<#d#f#i.> 

,AL?\< ACCUSATIONS W]E MADE AFT]W>DS ?AT ,BLANQUI HAD PLAY$ A KEY ROLE 9 PLANN+ ! 9SURRECTION1 HIS ADMONITIONS AGA9/ RA% ACTION & HIS CALL = PATI5CE CLE>LY BELIE SU* *>GES4 ,! DRAFT DECREES F\ND 9 ,SOBRI]'S H\SE PROVIDE NO EVID5CE ( HIS 9VOLVEM5T 9 ANY ATTEMPT$ UPRIS+4 ,NOR DOES ! FACT ?AT HE APPE>$ 9 ! CR[D ON ,MAY #ae CON/ITUTE EVID5CE ?AT HE PLANN$ EV5 TO P>TICIPATE 9 A C\P1 LET ALONE LEAD ONE4 ,9 FACT1 ,BLANQUI WAS QUITE CONV9C$ ?AT AN ATTEMPT$ C\P AT ?AT TIME W\LD BE A FAILURE4 ,LOYAL TO HIS CLUB1 HE SEEMS TO HAVE OBEY$ ITS DECISION TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! J\RNEE ONLY RELUCT&Y4 ,9DE$1 ACCORD+ TO ONE NEWSPAP] ACC\NT1 ,BLANQUI >GU$ F]V5DY = RE/RA9T4 ,9 RESPONSE TO A SPEAK] :O 

DEM&$ ?AT ! PEOPLE %\LD TAKE ACTION IMM$IATELY1444 ! PRESID5T ( ! CLUB1 ,M4 ,BLANQUI HIMSELF1 HAS SPOK5 \T AGA9/ HIM TWO DAYS RUNN+1 DECL>+ ?AT IT W\LD BE IMPRUD5T TO EMB>K ON MATT]S 9 SO HA/Y & DRA/IC A FA%ION1 ?AT ! WORK+ MASSES HAVE SO F> NO FIRM PR9CIPLES1 & ?AT BY TRY+ TO PRESS ON SO FA/ !RE WAS A RISK ( BR++ EV]Y?+ 9TO JEOP>DY4.<#d#g.> 

,:ATEV] PLANS = AN 9SURRECTION W]E AFOOT1 NOT ONLY DID ,BLANQUI OPPOSE !M BUT SO DID ,B>BES & EV5 ,SOBRI]1 :O WAS REPORT$ TO HAVE SOON BE5 DEPRESS$ AB\T ITS PROSPECTS = SUCCESS4 

,:5 ,MAY #ae CAME1 A CR[D ASSEMBL$ AT ! ,PLACE DE LA ,BA/ILLE & BEGAN A SOLEMN M>* TO ! ,PALAIS ,B\RBON4 ,E/IMATES ( ! SIZE ( ! COLUMN RANGE FROM AB\T #a1 TO #b14 ,! ACTUAL NUMB] WAS LIKELY SOME:]E 9 BETWE51 PROBABLY T[>D ! L[] 5D ( ! NUM]ICAL SPECTRUM4 ,9 ANY CASE1 IT WAS SUB/ANTIALLY SMALL] ?AN ! HUGE J\RNEE ( ,M>* #a#g1 & FEW ( ! DEMON/RATORS C>RI$ ANY >MS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! PLAN1 SU* AS IT MAY HAVE BE51 IF ! CR[D WAS FIR$ UPON1 ! DEMON/RATORS W]E EXPECT$ TO RU% HOME TO RETRIEVE !IR WEAPONS1 & ONLY !N RETURN TO FI<T--A LOGI/ICALLY DIFFICULT IF NOT ABSURD SC5>IO4 

,NO SOON] DID ! DEMON/RATORS REA* ! ,PALAIS ,B\RBON ?AN !Y CAME UP AGA9/ CONT+5TS ( ! ,MOBILE ,GU>D & ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 :I* HAD BE5 DEPLOY$ TO PROTECT ! ,ASSEMBLY4 ,G5]AL ,C\RTAIS1 :O /ILL COMM&$ ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 WAS DISPOS$1 BECAUSE ( HIS REPUBLICAN S5TIM5TS1 TO TREAT ! DEMON/RATORS 9 A G5IAL1 IF FIRM1 MANN]4 ,HE TACTFULLY ORD]$ ! ,GU>DS NOT TO FIRE ON ! CR[D & 9/EAD AGRE$ TO ADMIT 9TO ! ,*AMB] A DELEGATION ( TW5TY-FIVE DEMON/RATORS1 BE>+ A PETITION ?AT CALL$ = A W> 9 SUPPORT ( ! ,POLES4 ,BUT ONCE ! DOORS TO ! ,PALAIS ,B\RBON W]E OP5$ ?\S&S ( AGITAT$ DEMON/RATORS BUR/ ?R\<1 FLOOD+ ! GALL]IES TO A PO9T :]E ! FLOORS BEGAN TO COLLAPSE4 ,SOME ( ! 9SURG5TS W]E =C$ TO DROP TO ! FLOOR BEL[1 :ILE O!RS W]E SWEPT DIRECDY 9TO ! ASSEMBLY HALL1 :]E ! DEPUTIES SAT 9 FROZ5 SIL5CE4 ,:E!R ,BLANQUI CRI$ 0,=W>D60 TO ! SURG+ CR[D1 AS HE IS ALLEG$ TO HAVE DONE1 IS >GUABLE2 IF HE DID1 ! OLD 9SURRECTIONI/ MAY HAVE BE5 TEMPOR>ILY C>RI$ AWAY BY ! EXCITEM5T ( ! MOM5T4 ,9 ANY CASE1 IF !RE IS ANY TRU? TO ! ALLEGATION1 HE SEEMS TO HAVE QUICKLY REGA9$ HIS COMPOSURE & SELFPOSSESSION & BEHAV$ ) CONSID]ABLE PRUD5CE4 

,AL?\< ! MAYHEM ?AT FOLL[$ ?IS 9VASION SEEM$1 TO ALL APPE>ANCES1 LIKE ! K9D ( 9SURRECTION>Y J\RNEE ?AT HAD M>K$ ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION1 ! APPE>ANCE WAS 5TIRELY DECEPTIVE4 ,S9CE ! CR[D WAS NEI!R >M$ NOR VOIC$ ANY 9T5TION ( DISB&+ ! ,ASSEMBLY1 IT OBVI\SLY HAD NO PLANS TO TAKE OV] ! GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WAS MOV$ MORE BY A G5]\S PASSION TO AID ! ,POLES ?AN BY ANY CLE>LY =MULAT$ PUTS*I/ 9T5TIONS4 ,IF ANY?+1 ! CLUB LEAD] ,FRANGOIS ,RASPAIL1 AN >D5T REVOLUTION>Y1 READ ! PETITION ON BEHALF ( ! ,POLES ) DELIB]ATE & MONOTON\S SL[NESS 7AS HE LAT] TOLD ! C\RT ?AT TRI$ HIM = HIS ROLE 9 ! ,MAY #ae EV5TS7 9 ORD] TO CALM ! CR[D4 ,9DE$1 SO MU* WAS ,POL& ON ! CR[D'S M9D ?AT :5 ,BLANQUI1 ALL BUT SWEPT UP TO ! DIAS ( ! ,ASSEMBLY1 ATTEMPT$ TO %IFT ITS ATT5TION FROM ,POL& TO ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 HE WAS QUICKLY 9T]RUPT$ BY ,SOBRI] ) ! CRY2 0,NO1 ?IS IS NOT :AT MATT]S4 ,POL&6 ,TELL US AB\T ,POL&60 ,?IS CRY WAS E*O$ ?R\<\T ! ,*AMB]1 COMPELL+ ,BLANQUI TO RETURN TO ! MA9 SUBJECT ( PUBLIC 9T]E/4 ,AS ,DUVEAU EMPHASIZES1 :AT ! CR[D WANT$1 DESPITE ITS ECONOMIC DESP]ATION1 0WAS TO SWEEP OPPRESSIVE K+S & OPPRESS$ PEOPLES FROM ! FACE ( ,EUROPE4 ,!Y WANT$ ,IREL&1 ,ITALY1 ,POL& TO BE FREE40.<#d#g#a.> ,EV5 ! ,BRITI% AMBASSADOR ,LORD ,NORMANBY1 A BITT] 5EMY ( ! 9SURG5TS1 NOT$ ?AT ! CR[D WAS ANY?+ BUT ILL-HUMOR$ & DANG]\S4 ,9 NO WAY DID !Y ?REAT5 ! IMMOBILIZ$ DEPUTIES :O REMA9$ BEH9D MANY ( :OM1 LIKE ,TOCQUEVILLE1 CALMLY SAT \T ! ,ASSEMBLY'S SESSION ) DIGNIFI$ IMP]TURBABILITY4 

,BUT ! CLUBI/S :O CALL$ ! J\RNEE DID NOT C\NT ON ! EMOTIONAL 9/ABILITY ( ONE ( !IR LEAD]S1 ,ALOYSIUS ,HUB]1 A FIXTURE FROM ! OLD DEMIMONDE ( ! SECRET SOCIETIES1 :O SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY C>RI$ AWAY BY ! UPRO>4 ,%OV+ ,BLANQUI ASIDE1 ,HUB] ALMO/ HY/]ICALLY DECL>$ ?AT ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY WAS DISSOLV$4 ,HIS DECL>ATION WAS E*O$ BY CALLS FROM UNKN[N 9DIVIDUALS CALL+ ON ! CR[D TO M>* TO ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE4 ,?IS WAS 9DE$ AN OP5 CALL = AN 9SURRECTION4 ,! EXCIT$ CR[D 9/&Y SET (F = ! CITY HALL1 ) MEMORIES ( ! ,FEBRU>Y UPRIS+ & ITS IT9]>Y /ILL FRE% 9 !IR M9DS4 ,9 ! BACKGR\ND1 !Y C\LD HE> ! RAPPEL BE+ BEAT51 SUMMON+ ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D TO >MS TO QUELL !IR ACTION4 

,! J\RNEE WAS P>T MAYHEM1 P>T F>CE--P>T1 P]HAPS1 ! WORK ( GOV]NM5T AG5TS AS WELL--:ILE ! 0TAKEOV]0 ( ! ,P>ISIAN CITY HALL V]G$ ON OP]A B\FFE4 ,B>BES1 NOT)/&+ HIS 9ITIAL OPPOSITION TO ! :OLE AFFAIR1 RU%$ TO ! =EFRONT ( ! M>*1 PROBABLY TO UP/AGE HIS OLD RIVAL ,BLANQUI--:O1 9 FACT1 WISELY L+]$ BEH9D & SOON DRIFT$ AWAY4 ,UND] ,B>BES'S LEAD]%IP1 & ) ,ALB]T'S SUPPORT1 ! DEMON/RATORS >RIV$ AT ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE & TOOK OV] ONE W+ ( ! BUILD+4 ,!Y 5C\NT]$ NO RESI/ANCE3 ! (FIC] COMM&+ ! GU>D ( ! HUGE /RUCTURE1 ONE ,COLONEL ,REY1 WAS AN OLD FRI5D ( ,B>BES & MADE NO ATTEMPT TO =CIBLY PREV5T ! UN>M$ CR[D FROM OCCUPY+ ! CITY HALL4 

,MEAN:ILE ! MAYOR ( ,P>IS1 ,M>RA/1 SIMPLY %IFT$ OV] TO ! O!R W+ ( ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE1 :]E HE PR9T$ C\NT]/ATEM5TS AGA9/ ! 09SURRECTION0 & DROPP$ !M FROM W9D[S TO ! CR[D BEL[4 ,B>BES1 FROM HIS [N W+1 PROCE$$ TO ISSUE TWO DECREES4 0,! PEOPLE HAV+ DISSOLV$ ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY1 !RE REMA9S NO P[] BUT ?AT ( ! ,PEOPLE ITSELF10 ANN\NC$ ONE1 SO ! EXI/+ ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY WAS REPLAC$ ) A NEW 0,COMMISSION ( ,GOV]NM5T40 ,A SECOND DECREE DECL>$ ?AT 0! ,RUSSIAN & ,G]MAN GOV]NM5TS0 W]E FAC$ ) W> IF !Y FAIL$ 0TO RECON/ITUTE ,POL&40.<#d#g#b.> 

,:AT EM]GES FROM ! V>I\S CONFLICT+ ACC\NTS ( ?IS EV5T IS ?AT1 AFT] AN H\R ( SU* OP]ATICS1 A ,NATIONAL ,GU>D >TILL]Y (FIC] >RE/$ ,B>BES1 & HE1 TOGE!R ) ,RASPAIL1 ,SOBRI]1 ,ALB]T1 & O!R WORK+-CLASS LEAD]S1 W]E C>T$ (F TO JAIL4 ,BLANQUI MANAG$ TO ELUDE ! POLICE = T5 DAYS UNTIL HE TOO WAS JAIL$4 ,AS TO ! CR[D1 IT QUICKLY DISP]S$ ONCE ! ,GU>D >RIV$1 & ITS LEAD]S W]E HAUL$ AWAY )\T RESI/ANCE4 

,! DEMON/RATION ( ,MAY #ae & ITS F>CICAL 09SURRECTION0 PROVID$ ! GOV]NM5T ) EXACDY ! PRETEXT IT NE$$ = CURTAIL+ WORK+-CLASS ACTIVITIES4 ,CAUSSIDI]E1 :O HAD /AY$ \T ( ! 5TIRE ADV5TURE1 WAS COMPELL$ TO SURR5D] HIS /RATEGIC POSITION AS *IEF ( POLICE TO A 0MOD]ATE REPUBLICAN10 & HIS >M$ 0,MONTAGN>D0 =CES W]E DISB&$4 ,BLANC1 :O HAD B>ELY ESCAP$ S]I\S 9JURY AT ! H&S ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>DS 9 ! ,PALAIS ,B\RBON1 HAD TO USE ALL HIS ELOQU5CE TO RETA9 HIS SEAT 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY4 ,9 ALL1 SEV]AL HUNDR$ PEOPLE W]E TEMPOR>ILY R\ND$ UP4 ,ALL ! MILITANT CLUBS & EV5 ! MOD]ATE ONES W]E DOS$ D[N = A TIME1 & LEAD]S SU* AS ,BLANQUI & ,RASPAIL1 :OSE GUIDANCE W\LD HAVE BE5 9VALUABLE TO ! WORK]S 9 ! BATDES ?AT LAY AHEAD1 W]E IMPRISON$4 

,E>LY 9 ,JUNE1 ! ,ASSEMBLY PASS$ A G5]AL LAW BANN+ ALL /REET GA!R+S4 ,?IS LAW1 AS ,ROB]TSON OBS]VES1 WAS SO 0F]OCI\S0 ?AT 0TO /& UNKN[+LY NEXT TO A P]SON BE>+ A CONCEAL$ WEAPON BECAME A CRIME4 ,! MON>*Y'S DECREES SEEM$ MILD 9 COMP>ISON40 ,BUT ! BAN ON GA!R+S DID NOT SUBDUE ! WORK]S ( ,P>IS4 ,9DE$1 HAV+ BE5 PRICK$ BY ! ?ORNS ( A REACTION>Y P>LIAM5T>Y REPUBLIC1 ! WORK]S1 ,ROB]TSON ADDS1 0BEGAN MAK+ C>TRIDGES AGA9 9 !IR SUBURBS40.<#d#g#c.> 

,9 ! WEEKS BE=E ! ,MAY #ae J\RNEE1 ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMISSION DECID$ TO PRODAIM A 0,FE/IVAL ( ,CONCORD10 SUMMON+ ALL ,P>ISIANS & PROV9CIALS TO ! ,*AMP DE ,M>S 9 ORD] TO PUBLIDY EXPRESS !IR FEEL+S ( NATIONAL FRAT]NITE-- &1 ABOVE ALL1 !IR SOLID>ITY ) ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! DATE HAD BE5 SET = ,SUNDAY1 ,MAY #a#d4 ,BUT :5 ! F\RTE5? CAME >\ND1 ! GOV]NM5T & ! ,LUXEMB\RG ,COMMISSION W]E LOCK$ 9 AN ANGRY BATDE1 :I* OBLIG$ ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMISSION TO DEF] ! FE/IVAL TO ! FOLL[+ ,SUNDAY1 ,MAY #b#a4 ,ON ?AT BLESS$ DAY1 ! FE/IVAL F9ALLY TOOK PLACE4 ,LANT]NS L9$ ! BUILD+S FROM ! ,PLACE DE LA ,CONCORDE TO ! ,>C DE ,TRIOMPHE1 & FLOATS REPRES5T+ >TS & 9DU/RY W]E P>AD$ BE=E A HUGE CR[D ( ONLOOK]S4 ,BUT FRAT]NITE WAS ! S5TIM5T MO/ NOTABLY ABS5T FROM ! FE/IVAL4 ,MANY ,P>ISIANS RIDICUL$ ! FLOATS & ! PAGEANTRY1 ESPECIALLY D]ID+ ! SLOGANS SUPPORT+ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,AS ! ,C\NTESS D',AG\LT NOTES1 

,PEOPLE LAU<$ AT ! FLOAT ?AT DEPICT$ AGRICULTURE1 :I* ! PROGRAM DESCRIB$ AS BE+ DRAWN BY OX5 ) GILD$ HORNS4 ,9 FACT IT WAS PULL$ BY TW5TY C>?ORSES4 ,!Y HOOT$ AT ! FIVE HUNDR$ MAID5S CR[N$ ) OAK LEAVES :O FOLL[$ ! C>T4 ,!Y JE]$ AT ! /ATUE ( ! ,REPUBLIC ) F\R LIONS CR\*$ AT H] FEET1 & !Y G5]ALLY REG>D$ ! ,FE/IVAL ( ,CONCORD AS A BAD IMITATION ( ! ,FE/IVAL ( ! ,SUPREME ,BE+ .<:I* HAD BE5 /AG$ BY ,ROBESPI]RE %ORDY BE=E HIS FALL FROM P[].>4.<#d#g#d.> 

,! CLIMAX ( ! FE/IVAL WAS TO BE A HUGE MILIT>Y REVIEW BE=E ! NEW ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMISSION1 HEAD$ BY ,LAM>T9E1 & ! ,ASSEMBLY REPRES5TATIVES4 ,BUT ! REVIEW MISC>RI$ WOEFULLY4 ,:5 ! RESPL5D5TLY UNI=M$ ,NATIONAL ,GU>DS P>AD$ BY %\T+ 0,LONG LIVE ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY60 !IR FELL[S 9 WORK+-CLASS BLUE BL\SES 7OR SMOCKS7 RESPOND$ ) ! CRY4 0,LONG LIVE ! DEMOCRATIC & SOCIAL REPUBLIC60 ,ALONGSIDE ! SIL5T TROOPS ( ! L9E M>*$ ! /RANGELY UNPR$ICTABLE ,MOBILE ,GU>D1 :OSE POLITICAL LOYALTIES >\S$ SU* CONC]N 9 ,TOCQUEVILLE4 

,?US1 )9 A SPAN ( ONLY ?REE MON?S1 ! V5E] ( FRAT]NITE' ?AT HAD EXI/$ 9 ,FEBRU>Y HAD BE5 REPLAC$ BY A SPIRIT ( FURI\S CLASS HATR$4 ,! LIB]ALS HAD BEHAV$ TRUE TO =M3 HAV+ PATRONIZ$ ! WORK+ CLASS :5 !Y NE$$ !IR SUPPORT AGA9/ ! ,JULY ,MON>*Y1 !Y QUICKLY TURN$ AGA9/ ! 0BLUE BL\SES0 ONCE ! WORK]S DEM&$ M9IMAL SOCIAL IMPROVEM5TS = !MSELVES & !IR FAMILIES4 ,NOR W]E ! B\RGEOISIE & ! NOTABLES PREP>$ TO P]MIT ANY MODIFICATION ( ! /ATUS QUO4 ,! PLEAS ( ! MORE DEC5T ELEM5TS ( SOCIETY---J\RNALI/S1 PR(ESSIONALS1 & EV5 CL]ICS LIKE ! ,>*BI%OP ( ,P>IS1 :O WAS DEEPLY S5SITIVE TO ! MIS]ABLE LIVES ( ! WORK]S--HAD NO CR$IBILITY ) ! EMPLOY+ & PRIVILEG$ CLASSES4 ,IT WAS N[ APP>5T ?AT !RE C\LD BE NO RECONCILIATION BETWE5 ! POSSESS+ & DISPOSSESS$ CLASSES ( SOCIETY4 ,AN EXPLOSION WAS LOOM+ ON ! HORIZON1 ONE ?AT W\LD BE ! WORK]S' LA/ ATTEMPT TO E/ABLI% A 0DEMOCRATIC & SOCIAL REPUBLIC0 9 #a#h#d#h4 

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