,! ,TRAG$Y ,( ,AF<ANI/AN 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,*EKOV ,FE5EY 

,TEXT 3 

,AF<ANI/AN IS A TRAGIC C\NTRY4 ,! ,SOVIET-BACK$ C\P & SUBSEQU5T 9VASION 9 #aigi U%]$ 9 MORE ?AN TWO DECADES ( BRUTAL W>4 ,DUR+ ! #a#i#h'S1 ! ,U,S SUPPLI$ AT LEA/ ,U,S,D #cb BILLION .<#a.> ( MILIT>Y AID TO ! MUJAHADE51 ! ,ISLAMIC OPPOSITION TO ! ,SOVIET REGIME4 ,! ,U,S EXPLICITLY *ANNEL$ !IR FUND+ TO ! MO/ FANATICAL & VIOL5T ISLAMI/S 9 AN ATTEMPT TO CAUSE ! MAXIMUM DAMAGE TO ! ,RUSSIANS4 

,:5 ! ,SOVIETS )DREW 9 #a#i#h#i1 ! ,WE/]N /ATES TURN$ !IR ATT5TION AWAY FROM ?IS B>R5 WA/EL&4 ,:ILE ! ,U,S HAD BE5 WILL+ TO PUMP BILLIONS ( DOLL>S ( WEAPONS 9TO ! C\NTRY1 !IR CONC]N = ! OPPRESS$ POPULATION DID NOT EXT5D TO ! SAME G5]OSITY 9 FUND+ RECON/RUCTION4 ,! ,U,N,H,C,R'S BUDGET = ,AF<ANI/AN 9 #aiii -- AS P>T ( ! ,COMMON ,U,N ,APPEAL = ,AF<ANI/AN -- WAS @s#a#g MILLION.<#b.>4 ,! DECADE AFT] ! ,SOVIET RETREAT WAS DOM9AT$ BY CON/ANT W> AS ! HEAVILY >M$ W>LORDS F\<T IT \T = ! MEAG] RES\RCES ( ?IS =GOTT5 L&4 

,DUR+ ! PA/ #b YE>S AB\T #b4#e MILLION ,AF<ANS HAVE DI$ AS A DIRECT OR 9DIRECT RESULT ( ! W> -- >MY ASSAULTS1 FAM9E OR LACK ( M$ICAL ATT5TION.<#c.>4 ,?IS MAKES UP OV] #a.0 ( ! POPULATION OR ONE DEA? EV]Y #e M9UTES4 ,?OSE :O HAVE SURVIV$ HAVE (T5 BE5 MAIM$ BY BOMBS & L&M9ES4 ,A SIGN AT ! ,DO<>OON BORD] PO/ READS3 0EV]Y #bd H\RS #g PEOPLE /EP ON M9ES 9 ,AF<ANI/AN04 ,U,N E/IMATES 9 #b PUT ! AV]AGE LIFE EXPECTANCY ( ,AF<ANS AT #d#a1 & S9CE !N ?IS HAS UND\BT$LY %>PLY DECL9$4 ,AF<AN *ILDR5 HAVE ONE *ANCE 9 FIVE ( DY+ BE=E !IR SECOND BIR?DAY4 ,9CREAS+ REPRESSION HAS ACCOMPANI$ ! SLAU<T]1 & WOM5 9 P>TICUL> HAVE F\ND !MSELVES EV5 FUR!R EXCLUD$ FROM PUBLIC LIFE & LOCK$ 9 ! PRISON ( ! HOME BY ! FUNDAM5TALI/ IDEOLOGY ( ! 'HOLY W>RIORS4' 

,REFUGE 

  

,ACCORD+ TO ,U,N /ATI/ICS ! NUMB] ( ,AF<AN REFUGEES LIV+ 9 ,IRAN & ,PAKI/AN IS #f4#c MILLION.<#d.> OR ONE REFUGEE EV]Y M9UTE OV] #b YE>S4 ,!SE PEOPLE HAVE FL$ DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ALL !Y CAN LOOK =W>D TO IS A LIFE ( MIS]Y 9 ONE ( ! SQUALID & HOPELESS CAMPS ACROSS ! BORD]4 ,SO DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ( W> SOME #a.0 ( ! POPULATION HAS BE5 KILL$ & #c.0 HAVE BE5 =C$ 9TO EXILE1 A TRAG$Y ON A MONUM5TAL SCALE & ONE ?AT HAS BE5 ALMO/ TOTALLY IGNOR$ BY ! ,WE/4 

,9 ! LA/ YE> ! H>% SITUATION HAS BECOME DRAMATICALLY WORSE4 ,! WOR/ DR\<T 9 #c YE>S HAS SE5 ! VIRTUAL EXT]M9ATION ( ! C\NTRY'S ONLY PRODUCTIVE RESORT -- !IR LIVE/OCK4 ,FAM9E & />VATION >E SWEEP+ ?R\< ! L&4 

,! ,U,N,H,C,R E/IMATES ?AT !RE >E AT LEA/ ONE MILLION ,AF<ANS />V+ TO DEA? AT ! MOM5T .<#e.>4 ,N[ EV5 ! LA/ *ANCES ( SURVIVAL = MANY ( !SE APPE> TO HAVE DISAPPE>$ AS ! NEI<BOR+ C\NTRIES >E REFUS+ 5TRY TO REFUGEES & DEPORT+ 'ILLEGAL' IMMIGRANTS4 ,! ,IRANIAN FILMMAK] ,MOHS5 ,MAKHMALBAF IS ONE ( ! R>E \TSID]S :O HAS TAK5 AN 9T]E/ 9 ?IS DISA/] ZONE3 0,I WITNESS$ AB\T #b1 M51 WOM5 & *ILDR5 >\ND ! CITY ( ,H]AT />V+ TO DEA?4 ,!Y C\LDN'T WALK & W]E SCATT]$ ON ! GR\ND AWAIT+ ! 9EVITABLE444,9 ,DU%ANBEH 9 ,TAJIKE/AN ,I SAW A SC5E :]E #a1 ,AF<ANS W]E RUNN+ FROM S\? TO NOR?1 ON FOOT4 ,IT LOOK$ LIKE DOOMSDAY4 ,!SE SC5ES >E NEV] %[N 9 ! M$IA ANY:]E 9 ! WORLD4 ,! W>-/RICK5 & HUNGRY *ILDR5 HAD RUN = MILES & MILES B>EFOOT4 ,LAT] ON ! SAME FLEE+ CR[D WAS ATTACK$ BY 9T]NAL 5EMIES & WAS ALSO REFUS$ ASYLUM 9 ,TAJIKE/AN4 ,9 ! ?\S&S1 !Y DI$ & DI$ 9 A NO-MAN'S L& BETWE5 ,AF<ANI/AN & ,TAJIKE/AN & NEI!R Y\ F\ND \T NOR ANYBODY ELSE0 .<#f.>4 ,AF<ANI/AN IS FA/ BECOM+ A VA/ EXT]M9ATION CAMP1 ) >M$ GU>DS ON ALL ! EXITS SO ?AT NOBODY CAN ESCAPE4 

,! ,TALIBAN 

  

,! ,TALIBAN LEAD]S W]E =M$ 9 ,ISLAMIC RELIGI\S S*OOLS :ILE REFUGEES 9 ,PAKI/AN1 & HAVE CONT9U$ TO RECRUIT /UD5TS TO !SE S*OOLS BAS$ MA9LY UPON ! FACT ?AT !Y (F] BREAD & ! ONLY $UCATION AVAILABLE TO ! HUNGRY MASSES4 ,IF ! 'CIVILIZ$' WORLD HAD SP5T A T9Y FRACTION ( ! BILLIONS ( MILIT>Y FUND+ ON PROVID+ FOOD & RATIONAL $UCATION TO !SE VICTIMS1 IT IS V]Y UNLIKELY ?AT ! ,TALIBAN W\LD EV] HAVE EXI/$ AS A S]I\S =CE4 ,9/EAD !Y *ANNEL$ FUNDS ?R\< ,SAUDI ,>ABIA & AID ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ,U,S,A,I,D .<#g.>1 9TO !SE RELIGI\S S*OOLS 7AL?\< !Y W\LD MORE ACCURATELY BE DESCRIB$ AS POLITICAL TRA9+ CAMPS = A MOVEM5T BAS$ UPON HATR$ & FANATICISM74 

,H[EV]1 !Y FL\RI%$ & AS !Y PROGRESSIVELY TOOK OV] BETWE5 #aiid & #a#i#i#h1 !Y W]E G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ BY ! POPULACE1 AT LEA/ AMONG !IR FELL[ ,PA%TUNS1 :O SAW 9 !M ! MO/ REALI/IC HOPE ( SECURITY1 ALBEIT AT ! EXP5SE ( FRE$OM4 ,! DEAD HAVE LITTLE FRE$OM ANYWAY4 ,!Y W]E =M$ EXPLICITLY AS A REACTION TO ! RULE ( W>LORDS1 A RETURN TO 'PURE1' UNIFY+ RELIGION .<#h.>4 ,!Y W]E WELL ORGANIZ$1 RELATIVELY FREE FROM COMPLICITY 9 MO/ ( ! HAT$ W>F>E & DRUG TRAD+ ( ! PREVI\S #ae YE>S & W]E RELATIVELY WELL $UCAT$ 9 ?IS C\NTRY :]E RURAL ILLIT]ACY RUNS AS HI< AS #i.04 

,H[EV]1 :ILE ! ,TALIBAN'S H>% REGIME 9ITIALLY APPE>$ CAPABLE ( (F]+ SOME HOPE ( SECURITY & /ABILITY1 ,AF<ANS QUICKLY LE>N$ ?AT !Y C\LD EXPECT MORE ( ! SAME BRUTALITY4 ,! ,TALIBAN =CES 9DULG$ 9 MASSACRES 9 ! T[NS :I* 'WELCOM$ !M' 7! EUPHEMISM :I* !Y USE TO DESCRIBE !IR CONQUE/S ( OPPOSITION T[NS74 ,9 #aiih ! ,IRANIAN CONSUL> /AFF WAS AMONG ! ?\S&S ( PEOPLE MASSACR$ AFT] ! FALL ( ,MAZ>-I ,%>IF TO ! ,TALIBAN4 ,!Y COME FROM ,AF<ANI/AN'S L>GE/ TRIBES1 ! ,PA%TUN :O MAKE UP AB\T #c#e.0 ( ! POPULATION4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 ACCUS$ ( BRUTALLY IMPOS+ !IR H>% RELIGI\S LAWS ON O!R TRIBES1 BUT IT IS WOM5 :O HAVE SUFF]$ MO/ AT ! H&S ( !IR HORRIFIC RELIGI\S REGIME4 

,:ILE !Y MAY HAVE L>GELY FAIL$ 9 !IR PROMISE TO PROVIDE SECURITY & PEACE1 !IR FAILURE TO PROVIDE FOOD & WORK = ! POPULATION IS AT LEA/ AS IMPORTANT4 ,! ,TALIBAN HAVE1 LIKE ALL GOV]NM5TS1 CONC5TRAT$ PRIM>ILY ON SUPPLY+ !IR [N =CES4 ,SO N[ DUR+ ?IS TIME ( MASS FAM9E !Y >E ! ONLY PEOPLE ) FOOD & RES\RCES4 ,! FUNDAM5TALI/S' BLATANT ATTACKS ON WOM5 & 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TIES MI<T HAVE BE5 TOL]AT$ BY ! PEOPLE ( ?IS TRADITIONALLY PATRI>*AL & /RICTLY RELIGI\S SOCIETY1 IF !Y W]E ABLE TO PROVIDE BREAD & SAFETY4 ,H[EV]1 !RE W]E NO SOLUTIONS TO !SE PROBLEMS 9 ! ,TALIBAN'S RELIGI\S CODE1 & !IR ABJECT FAILURE TO EV5 ADDRESS ! ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ( ! PEOPLE CO/ !M ANY REAL SUPPORT AMONG ,AF<ANS4 ,AS ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ASSOCIATION ( ,WOM5 ( ,AF<ANI/AN /ATE3 0,! PEOPLE ( ,AF<ANI/AN HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ,OSAMA & HIS ACCOMPLICES .<!Y.> HAVE NO PLANS = SOCIOECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION4 ,NOR DO !Y HAVE A DEC5T CONCEPT = ! C\NTRY0.<#i.>4 ,! ,TALIBAN HAVE CON/ANTLY FAC$ S]I\S OPPOSITION 9 ,AF<ANI/AN1 ESPECIALLY FROM ! M>G9ALIZ$ NON-,PA%TUN PEOPLES4 ,H[EV]1 A PEOPLE DEVA/AT$ BY #b YE>S ( EXTREME SUFF]+ & />VATION HAVE H>DLY ! CAPACITY TO M\NT EFFECTIVE OPPOSITION TO ?IS B& ( HEAVILY >M$ & RU?LESS SOLDI]S4 ,= !RE TO BE ANY HOPE ( REPLAC+ !M1 !RE W\LD HAVE TO BE A MASSIVE FL[ ( RES\RCES TO ! IMPOV]I%$ ,AF<ANS4 ,IF !Y W]E SUPPLI$ ) FOOD1 $UCATION1 HEAL? & CIVIL 9FRA/RUCTURE1 !Y W\LD NOT TOL]ATE LONG ! BURD5 ( ,TALIBAN MISRULE4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS C\RSE ( ACTION1 :I* W\LD ACTUALLY DAMAGE ! M5 ( VIOL5CE1 IS NOT EV5 REMOTELY CONSID]$ BY ! ,U,S W>LORDS4 ,9/EAD !Y PROPOSE A /ORM ( DEA? & DE/RUCTION AGA9/ ! V]Y PEOPLE :O >E1 9 ! WORDS ( ,AF<AN-,AM]ICAN ,TAMIR ,ANSAY1 0! FIR/ VICTIMS ( ! ,TALIBAN0.<#a.>4 

,A W> ( ! RI* /ATES AGA9/ ,AF<ANI/AN WILL 9EVITABLY LEAD TO ! DEA?S ( MILLIONS ( ,AF<ANS :O HAVE AS LITTLE RESPONSIBILITY = ! ,TALIBAN'S OR ,B9 ,LAD5'S ACTS AS ! WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD ,TRADE ,C5T] HAD = ! MU* GREAT] CRIMES ( ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T4 ,! FIR/ DEM&S ( ! ,U,S 9CLUD$ AN ORD] = ,PAKI/AN TO /OP FOOD AID FROM CROSS+ 9TO ,AF<ANI/AN .<#a#a.> -- ESS5TIALLY A CALL = MASS MURD] ON A SCALE ?AT DW>FS ! BOMB+S 9 ! ,U,S4 ,W> AGA9/ ,AF<ANI/AN WILL ESPECIALLY HIT ?OSE :O >E ALREADY ! GRAVE/ VICTIMS ( ! 'FUNDAM5TALI/S4' ,! ONLY PEOPLE ) ! FACILITIES TO EVADE ! ,WE/'S WEAPONS ( MASS DE/RUCTION1 ESPECIALLY />VATION1 >E ! ,TALIBAN SOLDI]S & IT IS !M & ! FUNDAM5TALI/S LIKE ,B9 ,LAD5 :O >E MO/ LIKELY TO GA9 9 /R5G? ) EV]Y BOMB ?AT FALLS ON ?IS %ATT]$ C\NTRY4 

,! IDEA ( ! RI*E/ /ATES 9 ! WORLD GO+ TO W> AGA9/ ! MO/ DE/ITUTE & HELPLESS IS MON/R\S4 ,IF Y\ FEEL ?AT 9NOC5T PEOPLE %\LDN'T BE SLAU<T]$ !N Y\ MU/ OPPOSE ?IS B>B>IC W>1 OR BECOME COMPLICIT 9 ANO!R ( ! GREAT CRIMES AGA9/ HUMANITY P]PETRAT$ 9 ! NAME ( ,WE/]N 'CIVILIZATION' 9 ! FEW TRAGIC C5TURIES ( CAPITALI/ GLOBAL EXPANSION4 

.<#a.> ,! M5ACE ( ,ISLAMIC FUNDAM5TALISM & ! HYPOCRISY ( IMP]IALISM ,LAL ,KHAN ,PAKI/AN1 ,OCTOB] #b WWW4M>XI/4COM 

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.<#c.> ,U,N REPORT QUOT$ BY ,IRANIAN FILM-MAK] ,MOHS5 ,MAKHMALBAF ,JUNE #b1 #ba ,! ,IRANIAN WWW4IRANIAN4COM 

.<#d.> ,IBID4 

.<#e.> ,IBID 

.<#f.> ,IBID 

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