,! ,TWO ,NATIONS 
,A ,MAY ,DAY ,MESSAGE 

#aifc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,ALDR$ 

,TEXT 3 

,N,O,T,E3 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! F\R SPEE*ES :I* ,GUY ,ALDR$ RECORD$ ON TAPE4 ,IT WAS NOT ! FIR/ TO BE RECORD$1 ?\< IT IS ! FIR/ TO BE PR9T$4 ,! O!R ?REE SPEE*ES >E BE+ TRANSCRIB$ & PR9T$4 ,! PUBLICATION DATE WILL BE ANN\NC$ %ORTLY4 ,DONORS & ,SUBSCRIB]S WILL RECEIVE !SE PAMPHLETS AS !Y APPE>4 ,PLEASE ORD] EXTRA COPIES1 & HELP ! CIRCULATION4 

,PR9T$ & PUBLI%$ 9 ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM BY ,! ,/RICKL& ,PRESS1 ,GLASG[ ,C4 #a4 

,G,U,Y ,A4 ,A,L,D,R,$ 

,! ,T,W,O ,N,A,T,I,O,N,S 

,A ,MAY-,DAY ,MESSAGE 

,! TEXT ( A ,SPEE* DELIV]$ ON ,MAY #e? #aifc 9 ,C5TRAL ,HALLS ,GLASG[4 

,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$ #aifh 

  

 7,GUY ,ALDR$1 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#f#b7 

,WE DO *ANGE ! WORLD4 ,ONE G5]ATION M]GES 9TO ANO!R4 ,! HOPES ( YE/]DAY'S H]OES & M>TYRS BECOME ! 9SPIR+ SLOGANS ( ! M>TYRS & H]OES ( TODAY1 & BY !M >E PASS$ ON TO ! H]OES & M>TYRS ?AT WILL BE TOMORR[4 ,AN UN*ANG+ YET *ANGELESS LOGIC ( DEVELOPM5T4 

--,! ,WORD2 ,JANU>Y #aifa 

,=EWORD 

,?IS SPEE* WAS RECORD$ AT ,GUY ,A4 ,ALDR$'S HOME ADDRESS ON ! AFT]NOON ( ,FRIDAY1 #cRD ,MAY1 #a#i#f#c4 ,IT HAD BE5 HIS 9T5TION TO SPEAK 9 P]SON AT ! ,MAY ,DAY MEET+ :I* W\LD BE HELD 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,HALLS ON ! FOLL[+ ,SUNDAY2 BUT HIS DOCTOR1 & HIS CLOSE ASSOCIATES1 PREVAIL$ UPON HIM TO MAKE A RECORD+ 9/EAD4 

,COMM5T+ ON ?IS1 ,GUY ,ALDR$ SAID3 0,I AM OPPOS$ TO DO+ SO1 AS IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT A RECORD$ SPEE* LACKS ! V]VE & ORIG9ALITY ( A SPEE* SPOK5 DIRECT FROM ! PLAT=M4 ,I FEEL ?IS V]Y MU* AS A RE/RICTION1 BECAUSE ,I BELIEVE 9 EXTEMPOR>Y SPEE*--NOT 9 PREP>$ SPEE*ES4 ,I AM AFRAID1 H[EV]1 ?AT MY /R5G? MAY NOT P]MIT ME TO SPEAK ) ! VIGOR & ! CONT9UITY ?AT IS NECESS>Y TO ! SUCCESSFUL MEET+4 ,SO ,I HAVE PREP>$ ?IS RECORD$ SPEE* AS A POSSIBLE ALT]NATIVE TO ! ORIG9AL SPEE*4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ,I WILL ATT5D ! MEET+1 & IF ,I AM UNABLE TO SPEAK ,I WILL HE> IT PLAY$ TO ! AUDI5CE4 ,I WILL !N ANSW] QUE/IONS AS !Y >ISE4 ,! AUDI5CE CAN DEP5D UPON MY REPLY TO QUE/IONS40 

,9 ! EV5T ?AT IS :AT HAPP5$4 ,GUY ,ALDR$ SAT ON ! PLAT=M :ILE ! SPEE* WAS RELAY$2 !N HE ANSW]$ QUE/IONS & REPLI$ TO DISCUSSION4 

,HE DELIV]$ SEV]AL MORE PUBLIC SPEE*ES1 BO? BY TAPE & 9 P]SON1 BE=E HE DI$ ON ! #a#f? ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#f#c4 

,?IS SPEE* HAS BE5 TRANSCRIB$ FROM ! TAPE BY ,B5 ,MULL9 :O HAS ALSO WRITT5 AN ,9TRODUCTION4 

,J,O,H,N ,T,A,Y,L,O,R ,C,A,L,D,W,E,L,L4 

,9TRODUCTION 

,?IS SPEE*1 RECORD$ BY 0,GUY ,ALDR$ CLOSE TO ! 5D ( HIS LIFE1 REPRES5TS A CONTRIBUTION TO ! G5]AL DISCUSSION ON ! FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEM FAC+ ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T1 NAMELY1 ?AT ( UNITY4 ,?AT !RE IS NE$ = SU* DISCUSSION GOES )\T QUE/ION4 ,UNLESS ! CONSCI\S ELEM5TS )9 ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T MAKE SOME ATTEMPT TO COME TO A G5]AL UND]/&+1 WE WILL MAKE NO PROGRESS4 

,GUY ,ALDR$ WAS AN UNCOMPROMIS+ ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN1 & ?IS SPEE* DOES REFLECT ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y POSITION4 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM HAS BE5 SY/EMATICALLY MISUND]/OOD BY ! :OLE LEFT-W+ MOVEM5T4 ,WE4 ( ! LEFT-W+ MOVEM5T10 >E BROK5 9TO 9NUM]ABLE SECTS & GR\PS4 ,EA* GR\P CONDUCTS A HATE CAMPAIGN AGA9/ COMRADES 9 O!R GR\PS1 AT TIMES \R ACTIVITY ( SL&] AGA9/ \R COMRADES EXCE$S \R ACTIVITY AGA9/ ! SY/EM4 ,IT DOES NOT MATT] N[ H[ ?IS HAS COME AB\T4 IT IS A FACT & IT IS A FACT ?AT MU/ BE OV]COME4 ,?IS %ORT SPEE* SETS \T TO TACKLE ?IS PROBLEM ( DIVISION )9 ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 

,:5 WE COME TO CONSID] ?AT1 REG>DLESS ( :AT GR\P OR P>TY WE BELONG TO1 WE >E MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T & ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T HAS A TREM5D\S HI/ORY /RET*+ BACK AS F> AS WE CAN GO1 WE GET SOME P]SPECTIVE ( \R [N POSITION 9 RELATION TO ! WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,WE %\LD REALIZE ?AT \R GR\P IS BUT A DOT AGA9/ ?IS GREAT] BACKGR\ND4 ,GR\PS & P>TIES HAVE PASS$ AWAY1 & WILL PASS AWAY1 BUT ! /RUGGLE WILL GO ON4 ,\R LOYALTY %\LD NOT BE TO ! GR\P4 RI<T OR WRONG4 \R LOYALTY %\LD LIE ) ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T & ) ! OV]ALL /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S4 ,! WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE HAS PASS$ ?R\< EV]Y *APT] 9 HI/ORY1 IT HAS ADOPT$ MANY NAMES & CAUSES1 IT HAS BE5 US$ BY P[]-SEEK+ GR\PS1 BUT IT DOES REPRES5T A CONT9U\S HI/ORY ( /RUGGLE4 ,!RE >E MANY SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 ! E>LY ,*RI/IANS 9 !IR 0/RUGGLE AGA9/ ! RUL+ HI]>*Y ( !IR TIME & ! PRES5T DAY SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ CURR5T ,/ATE & ,MONOPOLY ,CAPITALISM4 

,! E>LY ,*RI/IAN MOVEM5T WAS DE/ROY$ BY ! ,DEIFICATION ( ,JESUS4 ,IT WAS DE/ROY$ :5 IT TURN$ ITS DISCUSSION TO ,!OLOGY & ,MY/ICISM4 ,IT WAS DE/ROY$ BY FRAGM5TATION AS A RESULT ( !ORETICAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ?IS OR ?AT 9DIVIDUAL :O !N CREAT$ HIS [N LITTLE SECT4 ,IT WAS F9ALLY DE/ROY$ :5 IT WAS ADOPT$ BY ! RUL+ HI]>*Y & ABSORB$ 9TO ! RUL+ CLASS CULTURE4 ,ALL ?IS HAS HAPP5$ TO ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 

,! FACT ?AT ! E>LY ,*RI/IAN MOVEM5T WAS DE/ROY$ DID NOT MEAN ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T HAD 5D$1 9DE$1 IT W5T ON TO BLAZE EV5 MORE DRAMATIC EPISODES ACROSS ! PAGES ( HI/ORY4 ,IT IS NOT MY JOB H]E TO RETELL ! BRILLIANT EPISODES 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T1 BUT IT IS ESS5TIAL TO /RESS ?AT !RE IS A CONNECT+ L9K BETWE5 ALL ! *APT]S 9 HI/ORY1 BETWE5 ALL GR\PS1 !Y ALL REPRES5T AN EXPRESSION ( ! OV]ALL WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 ,! WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE 5CIRCLES ! GLOBE4 ,AS ,I HAVE ALREADY PO9T$ \T1 ITS HI/ORY GOES BACK TO E>LIE/ TIMES4 ,AGA9/ ?IS BROAD BACKGR\ND \R GR\P1 OR \R P>TY1 IS REALLY A T9Y FRAGM5T ( ! :OLE PICTURE4 ,?IS IS ESS5TIALLY ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y POSITION4 

,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM IS NOT A MANIA AB\T ! ,BRITI% ,P>LIAM5T4 ,! T]M WAS FIR/ US$ TO EMPHASIZE ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TRADITIONAL SOCIALI/ /RUGGLE & ! BREAKAWAY GR\PS :O BECAME OR?ODOX & CONC5TRAT$ !IR EF=TS & !IR RES\RCES ON GETT+ 9TO ,P>LIAM5T4 ,MANY ( ! GR\PS :O W5T OV] TO ,P>LIAM5T>ISM BECAME SO 9VOLV$ 9 ?AT ACTIVITY !Y LO/ SI<T ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,!Y BECAME SO 9VOLV$ 9 BECOM+ RESPECTABLE1 9 BECOM+ ACCEPT$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS2 9 ELECTIONE]+2 9 RAIS+ FUNDS2 9 BECOM+ 'FIT' TO GOV]N1 ?AT !Y CREAT$ A BRE$ ( PEOPLE :O KN[ NO?+ ( ! ORIG9AL CAUSE ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,! F9AL DEVELOPM5T 9 ?IS L9E ( ?\<T IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! FACT ?AT ! ,LABOR ,P>TY N[ EMPLOYS PR(ESSIONAL ADV]TIS+ AG5CIES TO SUG> !IR PALLIATIVE PILLS4 

,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM IS 9 REALITY ! :OLE /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 ,IT BELIEVES 9 KEEP+ ! CAUSE ( ! /RUGGLE WELL TO ! =EFRONT ( \R ACTIVITY4 ,IT IS DET]M9$ ?AT WE DO NOT SUB/ITUTE ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 GR\PS1 = P[] OR POPUL>ITY1 = ! REAL /RUGGLE = WORK+ CLASS EMANCIPATION4 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM DOES NOT CONF9E ITS ACTIVITY TO ONE P>TICUL> SPH]E OR ONE P>TICUL> >EA4 ,! WORK+ CLASS WILL FI<T ON EV]Y FRONT1 ?IS GIVES RISE TO ! V>I\S GR\PS4 ,BUT WE MU/ BE LOYAL TO \R COMRADES1 IT DOES NOT MATT] :AT FACTION !Y BELONG TO4 ,WE MU/ BE LOYAL TO \R COMRADES 9 9DU/RY1 WE MU/ BE LOYAL TO \R COMRADES :O WORK AT ! POLITICAL LEVEL1 WE MU/ BE LOYAL TO \R COMRADES :O CONC5TRATE ON PROPAG&A & WE MU/ BE LOYAL TO \R COMRADES :O >E IMPRISON$ OR EXECUT$1 :O >E ILL-TREAT$ AT ! H&S ( ! ,CAPITALI/ ,/ATE4 

,?IS IS ! MESSAGE ( ?IS SPEE*1 :I* ,I ASK Y\ TO READ FAIRLY ) AN OP5 M9D4 ,DO NOT APPROA* IT FROM A SECT>IAN POSITION ) A VIEW TO F9D+ FAULTS4 ,Y\ WILL F9D FAULTS4 ,GUY ,ALDR$ RECORD$ ?IS SPEE* AT ! 5D ( HIS LIFE DUR+ A P]IOD ( GREAT SUFF]+4 ,IT IS REM>KABLE ?AT HE /ILL GRAPPL$ ) WORK+ CLASS PROBLEMS & WAS NOT OV]COME ) P]SONAL ANGUI%4 ,I ASK ! READ] TO BE AS IMP]SONAL1 & AS IMP>TIAL1 9 HIS CONSID]ATION ( ?IS SPEE*4 ,& ,I FUR!R URGE HIM TO MAKE ITS SUBJECT-MATT] A TOPIC = DISCUSSION 9 HIS [N GR\P OR P>TY1 OR 9 ANY CIRCUM/ANCE :]E SU* AN IMPORTANT MATT] MAY BE CONSID]$4 

,B,5 ,M,U,L,L,94 

,GLASG[1 #a#i#f#g4 

,M,A,Y ,D,A,Y 

,PRELIM9>Y ,NOTE 

,MAY ,DAY IS AN EXPRESSION ( PURE NATURE WOR%IP4 ,ITS CELEBRATION CONNECTS UP1 NATURALLY4 ) ! CLASS /RUGGLE & ! ECONOMIC 9T]PRETATION ( HI/ORY2 ,)\T D\BT4 ITS TRADITIONS >E ?OSE ( WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE & CELEBRATION4 ,!Y SUPPORT ! CALL ( ,SPR+ TO ?OSE :O TOIL1 !Y RELATE ! H>MONY ( NATURE TO ! TOIL & SUFF]+ ( ?OSE :O DWELL ON ! ,E>? & SUGGE/ ! NE$ = ESCAPE4 ,H5CE ! ,MAY MON? IS ONE ( 9SPIRATION TO BREAK FREE FROM BONDAGE4 0,SLAV]Y GIVES WAY TO FRE$OM4 & A NEW ATMOSPH]E COMES 9TO ! LIVES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,MU* ( ! 9SPIRATION IS MY/ICAL--BUT IT IS ALSO A V]Y REAL & TRUE H>MONY ?AT MAKES = BATTLE & ! /RUGGLE = JU/ICE4 ,F9ALLY1 ! T5D5CY T[>DS SOCIAL FRE$OM IS E/ABLI%$4 

,?US ,MAY BEG9S A NEW DANCE = ! SLAVES1 ! DANCE ( ! APPR5TICES4 ,! OLD FA%ION$ DANCE ( A HALF-HE>T$ & A HALF-WITT$ S5SE ( JOY GIVES WAY TO A TRUE JOY\S EXALTATION 90 SOCIAL FRE$OM4 ,M5 & WOM5 BECOME ADULT 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( TRUE Y\?1 & SO ! NEW SOCIAL SY/EM IS BORN4 ,! V]Y NAME ( ! MON? SUGGE/S ! PURPOSE ( ! MON?4 ,MAY IS SO CALL$ FROM ! GODDESS ,MAIA4 ,! NAME UND] :I* ! ,E>? WAS WOR%IP$ AT ?IS SEASON ( ! YE>4 ,! FIR/ ( ! MON? HAS ALWAYS BE5 AN IMPORTANT DATE 9 ! RELIGION ( NATURE-WOR%IP4 ,! FAM\S #a#g? C5TURY POET1 ,SP5S]1 SALUTES ,MAY AS ! SOV]EIGN MON? ( MAN'S HAPP9ESS4 ! 0FAIRE/ MAID ( ALL ! YE>40 ,IT IS *>ACT]I/IC ( ! 5?USIASM ) :I* ! >RIVAL ( ! MON? WAS WELCOM$4 ,YET ! SYMBOLISM SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 A LITTLE OV]WORK$1 & MAN1 DWELL+ 9 SLAV]Y1 MU/ HAVE F\ND ! JOY EXTREMELY TRANSI5T4 

,G4 ,A4 ,A,L,D,R,$4 

,GLASG[1 ,MAY ,DAY1 #a#i#f#c4 

,! ,T,W,O ,N,A,T,I,O,N,S 

,A ,MAY-,DAY ,M5AGE 

,IT IS FIFTY-N9E YE>S S9CE ,I M\NT$ ! PUBLIC PLAT=M ON ,MAY ,DAY1 9 ,LONDON1 AS AN AV[$ SOCIALI/4 ,I CALL$ MYSELF A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT1 BUT ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC DEF9ITION WAS V]Y TEMPOR>Y4 ,I US$ MORE (T5 ! T]M--,SOCIALI/1 & ,I ?\<T AS A SOCIALI/ & ,I CONSID]$ ?AT ,I BELONG$ TO ! GREAT SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,I DID NOT DIFF]5TIATE BETWE5 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 ,COMMUNI/S OR ,AN>*I/S4 ,9DE$1 AT ?AT TIME ,I DID NOT KN[ V]Y MU* AB\T ,AN>*ISM4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT AT ?AT V]Y MOM5T ,I WAS NOT ACTUALLY A MEMB] ( ' ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION4 ,I DID NOT JO9 ?AT ORGANIZATION TILL A FEW MON?S LAT]1 BUT ,I WAS V]Y ACTIVE 9 ITS RANKS & V]Y ACTIVE AMONG ITS COMRADES & ,I LOOK$ UPON ! ,S4,D4,F4 AS A GREAT SOCIALI/ BODY4 ,9 A WAY ,I D>E SAY IT WAS1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,LONDON1 :]E IT SEEM$ TO HAVE MO/ ROOT4 

,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS DIFF]$ FROM ! ,I4,L4,P4 & FROM ! ,LABOR ,P>TY4 DESPITE :AT ! MEMB]S ( 1 EI!R ( !SE P>TIES W\LD HAVE Y\ BELIEVE TO-DAY1 & DESPITE ! FACT ?AT -SOME ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ( ?AT TIME BECAME LEAD+ MEMB]S ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY4 ,!Y DIFF]$ 9 ?IS GREAT RESPECT1 ! *IEF *>ACT]I/IC ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS WAS !IR PROLET>IAN LANGUAGE1 !IR PROLET>IAN BE>+ & !IR PROLET>IAN ASSOCIATION4 ,I WAS A /RONG TOTAL AB/A9] & NONSMOK]1 BUT ,I LOOK BACK ) AMUSEM5T TO ! FACT ?AT ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ALWAYS MET ABOVE PUBLIC H\SES & USUALLY HAD A DR9K ( BE] ON ! TABLE AT !IR BRAN* MEET+S4 ,! ,I4,L4,P4 USUALLY MET 9 V]Y C>EFUL C(FEE ROOMS1 :AT WE N[ T]M & :AT WE T]M$ 9 SOME PLACES !N-CAFES4 ,!IR F>E WAS ALWAYS TEA OR C(FEE & CAKES1 NOT SO ?AT ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS4 ,I4 ( C\RSE1 ONLY TOOK LEMONADE1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME ! PROLET>IAN ATMOSPH]E ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS PLEAS$ ME MU* MORE ?AN ! RESPECTABLE ATMOSPH]E ( ! ,I4,L4,P4 MEET+4 ,I ?9K ?IS DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ASSUM$ 9TELLECTUALITY & A BOGUS RESPECTABILITY1 & ! FU/IAN4 RU/IC ATTITUDE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 REPRES5T$ ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 SOCIALISM1 :E!R CORRECTLY UND]/OOD OR NOT1 & ! RESPECTABLE P>LIAM5T>ISM ( ! O!R FACTIONS4 

,I V]Y SOON BROKE ) P>LIAM5T>ISM & BEGAN MY ACTIVITIES AS AN ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN4 ,MY SYMPA?IES W]E ) ?OSE :O /OOD = DIRECT-ACTION1 ?\< ,I DID NOT ALWAYS AGREE ) !IR PROTE/4 ,I REMEMB] SPEAK+ ONCE = AN ,S4,D4,F4 BRAN* 9 ,REG5TS ,P>K4 ,IT WAS AB\T ! TIME ( SOME DIRECT-ACTION ACTIVITY1 AN ACT ( ASSASS9ATION 9 ,EUROPE1 BY SOME ALLEG$ AN>*I/4 ,IT DOES NOT MATT] N[ :E!R ! P]SON WAS ACTUALLY AN AN>*I/ OR NOT HE CLAIM$ TO BE4 ,HIS ACT REPRES5T$ A PROTE/ BY ! V]Y POOR1 ! V]Y D[NTRODD51 AGA9/ ?OSE :O >E E/ABLI%$ 9 WEAL? & 9 HI< POSITION4 ,I DO NOT AGREE1 & ,I DID NOT AGREE1 :5 A P]SON SETS HIMSELF UP AS PROSECUTOR1 JURY & PUBLIC EXECUTION]1 AS OBVI\SLY ! MAN :O 5GAG$ 9 POLITICAL ASSASS9ATION SETS HIMSELF UP TO OCCUPY ALL ?REE POSITIONS 9 ONE P]SON4 ,TO ME1 ?AT SAVORS ( DICTATOR%IP4 ,I REMEMB] ?IS MEET+1 BECAUSE ! SPEAK] BE=E ME W5T \T ( HIS WAY TO D5\NCE ! ,AN>*I/4 ,HE NEV] ANALYZ$ ! POSITION ?AT MADE = ?IS PROTE/4 ,HE NEV] ANALYZ$ ! ECONOMIC CONDITION ?AT P]VAD$ ! MIS]Y ( ! MAN :O WAS GUILTY ( ! ACT4 ,HE NEV] ANALYZ$ ! POSITION ( ! PEOPLE :O W]E RESPONSIBLE = JUDG+ HIM1 NOR ! J\RNALI/S :O CONDEMN$ HIM M]ELY = ! SAKE ( !IR BREAD & BUTT]4 ,HE M]ELY W5T ALL \T TO D5\NCE ?IS REPRES5TATIVE ( ! POOR :O HAD BE5 GUILTY ( ?IS ACTION4 ,:ILE ,I DID NOT SYMPA?IZE ) ?IS ACTION1 ,I SYMPA?IZ$ /ILL LESS ) ! CANT & ! HUMBUG ( ! CONDEMNATION1 & :5 ,I M\NT$ ! ,S4,D4,F4 PLAT=M ,I SAID SO PLA9LY & DIRECTLY4 

,! RESULT WAS A FUROR1 & A GREAT ANTAGONISM TO ME = D>+ TO EXPRESS ?IS PO9T ( VIEW4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ,I ?\<T ?AT AN EXPLANATION ( :Y A P]SON COMMITS AN GET ( DIRECT ACTION WAS DUE4 ,ALSO1 ,I ?\<T ! ACTION WAS LESS REPREH5SIBLE ?AN IT SEEM$ TO BE1 ?\< IT WAS REPREH5SIBLE4 BECAUSE ! POOR :O >E GUILTY ( SU* ACTS ( CONDEMNATION1 BY DIRECT ACTION1 BY ASSASS9ATION1 W]E AFT] ALL DEF5D]S ( !IR [N RI<TS1 PROTE/+ AGA9/ SOME GREAT 9JU/ICE4 ,!IR 5EMIES TOOK ! *ANCE ( US+ AN 5TIRE /ATE MA*9]Y4 AN ECONOMIC P[] TO DE/ROY !M1 & SMIL+LY W5T !IR WAY FEEL+ H[ GOOD !Y W]E1 BECAUSE !Y HAD KILL$ NOBODY4 ,NEV]!LESS4 ! EVID5CE IS !RE ( ! EXI/5CE ( ?IS ME?OD ( KILL+ & CRU%+ ! LIVES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,:5 W> COMES !Y REJOICE 9 ! ?\S&S !Y S5D TO !IR DEA?S4 ,SU* HUMBUG ,I DO NOT UND]/& & SU* HUMBUG1 AS A SOCIALI/1 ,I CONDEMN4 

,I REMEMB] ?AT BE=E ,I SPOKE AS A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT 9 FAVOR ( ,MAY ,DAY1 ON ,MAY ,DAY ITSELF-?AT ! PREVI\S ,MAY ,DAY ,I SPOKE AS A BOY PREA*]4 ,MY CONCEPT ( ,*RI/IANITY DID NOT BO!R V]Y MU* AB\T :E!R ,JESUS WAS GOD OR NOT1 9DE$ IT RES5T$ ! IDEA1 ,MY APPROA* HI/ORICALLY T[>DS ?IS !OLOGICAL QUE/ION WAS ?AT ( ,UNIT>IANISM1 AL?\< ! FIR/ ,UNIT>IANS W]E >I/OCRATS & TOO RESPECTABLE = MY LIK+4 ,I FELT ?AT ORIG9AL ,*RI/IANITY REPRES5T$ ! REVOLT ( ! SLAVES & ?AT IT REPRES5T$ ! UPRIS+ ( ! MASSES AGA9/ ! MA/]S4 ,FROM ?AT PO9T ( VIEW ,I VIEW$ ,MAY ,DAY BE=E ,I BECAME AN ACTUAL SOCIALI/4 ,!RE WAS A GREAT DEAL ( MY/ICAL ]ROR 9 MY APPROA* & ,I DON'T SUPPOSE ,I SAID MU* AB\T ! IMM$IATE CLASS /RUGGLE1 BUT ,I DO REMEMB] ?AT ,I SPOKE HI/ORICALLY AB\T ! /RUGGLE ( ! COMMON PEOPLE & ,I CO-RELAT$ ?AT SPEE* TO ! /RUGGLES ( ! PEASANTS & TO ! /RUGGLE ( SOME ( ! HI/ORIC EV5TS ( ! GREAT RE=MATION & TO ! R5AISSANCE P]IOD4 

,SUBSEQU5TLY1 ,I F\ND MYSELF MIX+ AMONG ! AN>*I/S4 ,H]E ,I F\ND A NOTE ?AT GIVES BIR? TO TONI<T'S SPEE*1 & ?AT HAS PLAY$ A P>T 9 MY ?9K+ EV] S9CE4 ,I F\ND MYSELF AMONG A SMALL GR\P ( SECT>IANS1 MO/LY NON-,5GLI% SPEAK+1 9 ! ,EA/ ,5D ( ,LONDON4 ,MANY ( !IR IDEAS ,I AGRE$ ) & MU* ( !IR C\RAGE ,I ADMIR$1 BUT !IR GREAT ANTI-,M>XISM1 !IR SEV]E CRITICISM ( ! MAT]IALI/IC CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY1 ,I DID NOT UND]/&4 ,!SE PEOPLE W]E MORE ANTI-,M>XI/ ?AN !Y W]E ANTI-CAPITALI/IC4 ,!Y C]TA9LY PREA*$ DIRECT ACTION1 BUT EV5 DIRECT ACTION CAN BE RE=MI/ & T5DS TO LEAD TO TRADE UNIONISM1 JU/ AS TRADE UNIONS T5D TO BECOME ! BASIS ( P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,?IS FACT 9 BO? /AGES ( ITS DEVELOPM5T WAS WELL ILLU/RAT$ 9 ! CASE ( ,JOHN ,TURN] ( ! ,%OP ,ASSI/ANTS' ,UNION4 ,HE ORGANIZ$ ! %OP ASSI/ANTS & R5D]$ !M A GREAT DEAL ( S]VICE4 ,AS A MEMB]4 HE BECAME ! LEAD] ( HIS UNION & AS ! LEAD] ( HIS UNION HE HAD TO SUPPORT P>LIAM5T>ISM & ! IDEA ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! %OP ASSI/ANTS SITT+ 9 ,P>LIAM5T4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT HE REFUS$ TO /& HIMSELF & C\LD EASILY HAVE GOT A SEAT4 BUT HE DID SUPPORT P>LIAM5T>ISM BECAUSE ! ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( HIS UNION COMPELL$ HIM TO DO SO4 ,?AT SEEMS TO ME TO PO9T TO ! FACT ?AT4 )9 CLASS SOCIETY1 Y\ HAVE ! WORK]S !MSELVES DIVID$ ECONOMICALLY BECAUSE !RE >E DIFF]5T ECONOMIC 9T]E/S4 ,! WORK]S S]VE UND] ! SOCIAL SY/EM ( CAPITALISM & >E CONTROLL$ BY IT4 ,9EVITABLY1 POLITICALLY1 !Y W]E CONTROLL$ BY ! DIVISION 9TO NATIONS2 & Y\ HAD BORN A PATRIOTISM ?AT F\ND WORK+ CLASS SUPPORT1 & IT F\ND ?IS WORK+ CLASS SUPPORT D[N TO ! V]Y P]IOD ( ! FIR/ WORLD W>4 ,?AT DIVISION SEEM$ TO ME TO BE FATAL TO ! WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,DUR+ ! YE>S S9CE !N4 ,I HAVE /ILL REALIZ$ ?AT ! ME?OD ( ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM-EV5 :5 IT BOYCOTT$ ! BALLOT BOX4 A NATURAL ?+ TO DO1 OR :5 IT MADE SOME SU* PROTE/ AT ! BALLOT BOX LIKE ?OSE ,I HAVE MADE ON SEV]AL OCCASIONS4 CRITICIZ$ BY MY COMRADES & RIDICUL$ BY ! CAPITALI/ PRESS-NEV] ACT$ AS A DEF9ITE ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY BUT ACT$ PURELY & SIMPLY AS A P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY4 ,EV5 AL?\< ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM HAS T5D$ TO DE/ROY A GREAT DEAL ( ! CALL ( P>LIAM5T>ISM & ! ACTIONS ( ! P>LIAM5T>IANS HAS BR\<T HOME4 AGA9 & AGA94 ! GREAT TRU? ( ANTI-P>LIAM5TANISM4 ,! RI<T TO VOTE MEANS ! RI<T NOT TO VOTE4 ,NOT VOT+ UND] CAPITALISM IS1 AFT] ALL1 TAK+ A P>T JU/ AS MU* AS VOT+ UND] CAPITALISM4 ,9 ! 5D IT HAS TO ACCEPT4 ON C]TA9 OCCASIONS1 ! CONCLUSIONS SUPPORT$ BY ! P>LIAM5T>Y /ATE4 ,H5CE1 Y\ HAVE P>LIAM5T>ISM /ILL TRIUMPHANT EV5 AL?\< IT IS DE/ROY$ BY ! VOICE ( ! PEOPLE & IS NOT SUPPORT$ \TSIDE P>LIAM5T BY ! PEOPLE4 EXCEPT AT TIMES ( ELECTIONS4 ,MY PUZZLE HAS BE5 H[ ?IS %\LD BE OV]COME4 

,:5 ,I FIR/ BECAME A SOCIALI/ !RE WAS A BODY 9 EXI/5CE :I* /ILL EXI/S 7SOME:AT DIFF]5T FROM :AT IT WAS !N4 9 MY OP9ION7 CALL$ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA94 ,?AT WAS A V]Y SMALL P>TY & IT C]TA9LY HAS NOT GR[N AS A P>TY4 ,?AT P>TY BELIEV$ 9 PURE P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,IT REJOIC$ 9 BE+ A ,M>XI/ P>TY1 BUT ITS ,M>XISM REALLY CONSI/$ 9 SUPPORT+ ! !ORIES & ! PUBLICATIONS ( ,K>L ,KAUTSKY4 ,9 #a#i#d1 ,I REMEMB] ?REE PAMPHLETS PUBLI%$ BY ,KAUTSKV & TRANSLAT$ FROM ! ,G]MAN4 9 :I* ,KAUTSKY PUTS =W>D HIS P>TICUL> VIEWS ON SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & 9 :I* ! ,S4,P4,G4,B4 PRAIS$ HIM AS BE+ A ,M>XI/4 ,L59 AFT]W>DS DE/ROY$ ! ,M>XI/ CLAIMS ( ,KAUTSKY & PO9T$ \T ?AT ,KAUTSKY WAS REALLY ANTI-,M>X & 9 MANY RESPECTS ANTI-SOCIALI/IC4 ,HE WAS A RE=MI/ & C]TA9LY NOT A REVOLUTION>Y4 ,IGNOR+ ?IS FACT1 ! ,S4,P4,G4,B4 /ILL PRET5DS TO BE A ,M>XI/ P>TY4 /ILL SPEAKS 9 A N>R[ LITTLE SECT>IAN WAY & WILL /ILL NOT BR+ ! WORK]S ANY:]E NE> !IR SOCIAL EMANCIPATION4 

,AB\T ! SAME TIME AS ! ,S4,P4,G4,B4 WAS BORN 9 ,BRITA94 ! ,S4,L4,P4 WAS IMPORT$ FROM ,AM]ICA4 ,ITS GREAT F\ND] WAS ,DANIEL ,DE ,LEON1 :O WAS 9 MANY RESPECTS A GREAT PROPAN&I/4 ,HE HAT$ ! AN>*I/S BECAUSE 9 MANY WAYS HE SUPPORT$ ! SAME IDEAS & PREA*$ ! SAME IDEAS4 ,HE CLAIM$ TO BE A ,M>XI/ & ! ,S4,P4,G4,B4 RIDICUL$ HIS ALLEG$ ,M>XISM4 ,DANIEL ,DE ,LEON'S CRITICISMS ( ! SOCIAL SY/EM W]E EXCELL5T V]Y (T54 & HE MU/ HAVE HAD PLAY$ A TREM5D\S P>T AS A SOCIALI/ $UCATOR ( ! PEOPLE4 BUT NEV]!LESS HE HAS BUILT NO ORGANIZATION1 HIS ORGANIZATION IS 9 ITS DEA? ?ROES & ALL ?AT REMA9S IS ! CLASSICAL $UCATION LEFT BEH9D BY HIS PAMPHLETS4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT AB\T ! S9C]ITY1 NO D\BT AB\T ! VIGOR ( ,DANIEL ,DE ,LEON1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME !RE IS NO D\BT AB\T ! FAILURE ( HIS PROPAG&A4 ,WE HAVE TODAY ! SPECTACLE ( A FEW GR\PS ( ,S4,P4,G4,B4 SUPPORT]S & A FEW GR\PS ( ,S4,L4,P4 SUPPORT]S ATTACK+ EA* O!R1 SOMETIMES SL&]+ EA* O!R BUT EA* CLAIM+ TO BE ! TRUE ,M>XI/ P>TY4 

,ACTUALLY IT DOES NOT MATT] :AT ,M>X TAU<T4 ,IT IS ABSURD = ANY P>TY TO CLAIM TO BE ! TRUE ,M>XI/ P>TY1 WE DO NOT KN[ :AT ,M>X W\LD HAVE DONE ON A C]TA9 OCCASION1 WE CAN ONLY SPEAK 9 ! T]MS ( HIS G5]AL $UCATION1 HIS G5]AL CONCEPT & HIS G5]AL KN[L$GE4 ,:AT SPECIFICALLY ,M>X W\LD HAVE DONE ON ?IS P>TICUL> OCCASION OR ?AT P>TICUL> OCCASION IT IS ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE TO SAY4 

,9 ADDITION TO !SE TWO SOCIALI/ GR\PS WE HAVE ! AN>*I/S1 DIVID$ 9TO 9DIVIDUALI/S & COMMUNI/S4 ,LET US TAKE ! COMMUNI/S AS BE+ ! TRUE EXPRESSION ( AN>*ISM =1 ALT] ALL1 ?AT DOES REPRES5T ! WORK+ CLASS APPROA*4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*I/S SP5D MORE TIME HAT+ ,M>X & ADMIR+ ,BAKUN9 ?AN !Y DO 9 PREA*+ ACTUAL SOCIALISM OR TRY+ TO ORGANIZE ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!IR ONE CRY IS DIRECT ACTION1 BUT DIRECT ACTION CANNOT REPRES5T ! ACTION ( ALL ! PEOPLE OR CANNOT REPRES5T AFFECTIVE ACTION ON ! P>T ( A M9ORITY ?AT WILL EFFECT ALL ! PEOPLE & BR+ ALL ! PEOPLE 9TO ACTION AGA9/ ! SY/EM1 IT IS1 AFT] ALL1 V]Y 9DIRECT ACTION & A FAILURE4 ,N[ ?AT MEANS WE HAVE ?REE LEFT W+ GR\PS DIVID$ 9TO SECT>IAN ORGANIZATIONS ?OR\<LY OPPOS$ TO A UNIT$ WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 

,AGA9/ ?IS WE HAVE BR\<T 9TO EXI/5CE BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,?IS P>TY IS A 'YES-MAN' P>TY4 ,IT SOMETIMES TELLS ! TRU?1 IT SOMETIMES DOES NOT TELL ! TRU?4 ,IT DOES NOT FUNCTION REALLY & TRULY AS A P>TY 9 ,BRITA91 >IS+ \T ( ,BRITI% CONDITIONS OR ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ( ! WORK]S H]E4 ,IT FUNCTIONS PURELY & SIMPLY AS A SATELLITE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 & :OEV] HAPP5S TO BE 9 P[] 9 ! ,KREML94 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAILS & SUPPORTS ?AT P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUAL1 OR ?AT P>TICUL> GR\P1 AS BE+ ! LA/ WORD4 ,9 TURN1 IT HAS SUPPORT$ ,L59 :O1 AFT] ALL1 IS \T/&+4 ,IT HAS SUPPORT$ ,TROTSKY1 A LESS] MAN TO BRUIT4 ,IT HAS SUPPORT$ ,/AL9 :O1 AFT] ! TRIUMPH ( ! REVOLUTION & AFT] ! SUCCESSFUL ACTIVITY ( ,L591 TURN$ HIS ATT5TION TO DE/ROY+ HIS [N GR\P = ! SAKE ( P[]4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TODAY SUPPORTS ,KHURS*OV1 :O REPRES5TS AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T POLICY FROM ?AT ( ,/AL9 &1 TO MY M9D1 REALLY REPRES5TS ! /RUGGLE T[>DS PEACE & COMMUNISM4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS NOT BECAUSE ,KHRUS*OV MAY BE RI<T1 IT IS NOT BECAUSE HIS POLICY T5DS TO BE ! POLICY T[>DS FRE$OM ) ! M9IMUM ( SUFF]+1 IT IS PURELY & SIMPLY BECAUSE HE IS 9 P[] 9 ! ,KREML9 ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ?IS C\NTRY SUPPORTS HIM4 ,?AT IS A 'YES-MAN' POLICY & IT CAN NO MORE BE TOL]AT$ ?AN A 'YES-MAN' POLICY UND] ,/AL91 :O1 AFT] ALL1 DE/ROY$ HIS [N COMRADES & C]TA9LY WAS RESPONSIBLE = BOGUS TRIALS4 

,N[ WE HAVE ! ,LABOR ,P>TY4 ,! ,LABOR ,P>TY REPRES5TS P>LIAM5T>ISM >IS+ FROM ! RANKS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 C>RY+ ON ! TRADITIONS ( ! GREAT /RUGGLE = P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATION &1 REALLY ! TRAD] & ! M]*ANT /YLE1 = ! CONTROL ( F9ANCE SO ?AT !RE %\LD BE NO ABSOLUTE MON>*Y4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ?IS P>LIAM5T>ISM REPRES5TS1 NOT ! ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 = ! WORK+ CLASS CAN HAVE NO P[] UND] ! P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM1 BUT M]ELY A CONTROL ( ! WORK+ CLASS ELEM5TS BY ! /ATE SY/EM ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT NEV] 9T5DS TO GET BEYOND ?AT SY/EM1 IT NEV] 9T5DS TO 9AUGURATE---REALLY & TRULY--SOCIALISM1 ITS AIM IS PURELY & SIMPLY TO ORGANIZE ! NATIONALIZATION ( 9DU/RY & ( CR$IT1 ETC41 AT ! V]Y HI<E/4 ,?IS IS NOT SOCIALISM1 ?IS DOES NOT GIVE EMANCIPATION TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,UNLESS Y\ HAVE EMANCIPATION COM+ FROM & DIRECT$ BY & CONTROLL$ BY ! WORK%OPS1 Y\ HAVE NO EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,! PO9T IS1 :AT CAN WE DO8 ,?IS ,MAY ,DAY ,I WANT TO DIRECT MY ?\<TS TO ! QUE/ION ( :AT CAN WE DO TO EMANCIPATE ! PEOPLE FROM ! ?RALLDOM ( ECONOMIC P>TISAN%IP1 ECONOMIC DOM9ATION & POLITICAL SUBSID]9ESS TO ! 9T]E/ ( ! CAPITALI/ /ATE4 ,?AT IS ! PROBLEM BE=E ALL ( US TODAY4 ,LET US ANALYZE :AT WE >E4 ,! CAPITALI/ /ATE SPEAKS AB\T FRE$OM ( ! PRESS & FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 ?IS CLAIM IS NOT QUITE CORRECT BUT IT MAKES A %[ ( BELIEV+ 9 IT & ITS LAWS SEEM TO SUGGE/ IT ON C]TA9 OCCASIONS4 ,BUT :Y IS ! CAPITALI/ CLASS ABLE TO TALK AB\T FRE$OM ( SPEE* & FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 YET AT ! SAME TIME SPEAK AB\T S$ITION1 SPEAK AB\T TREASON & %OOT & EXECUTE PEOPLE FROM TIME TO TIME = ALLEG$ (F5SES ( TREASON--V]Y (T5 HI< CLASS PATRIOTISM ----& ALSO IMPRISON !M = (F5SES ( FRE$OM ( SPEE* :I* GOES TOO F>4 ,I HE EXPLANATION IS QUITE SIMPLE1 IT IS BECAUSE WE LIVE UND] A CAPITALI/ /ATE & BECAUSE ! CAPITALI/ CLASS CON/ITUTE ! POLITICAL EXPRESSION ( ! NATION4 ,!RE=E1 WE HAVE GOT TO SEE :AT WE CAN DO TO BR+ AB\T ! CONTROL ( ! POLITICAL EXPRESSION ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T BY ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 ,WE HAVE TO DEF9E ACCURATELY & IMP>TIALLY & SCI5TIFICALLY ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T1 WE HAVE TO DEF9E DIRECTLY & SCI5TIFICALLY ! WORK+ CLASS NATION & WE HAVE TO UND]/& EXACTLY :AT SOCIALISM /&S =4 

,! ,K,E,Y ,T,O ,! ,S,O,L,U,T,I,O,N 

,I ?9K ?AT ! KEY TO ! SOLUTION ( ?IS PROBLEM ( WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION = G5U9E & EFFECTIVE SOCIAL ACTION IS TO BE F\ND 9 A /ATEM5T MADE BY ,LORD ,BEACONSFIELD4 ,HE DEF9$ ! TWO NATIONS ?AT EXI/$ )9 EV]Y SO-CALL$ NATION4 ,HE DEF9$ ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 !SE TWO NATIONS AS ! REAL /RUGGLE4 ,HE SPOKE ( ! NATION ( ! RI* & ! NATION ( ! POOR1 & ,I ?9K ?AT 9 \R APPROA* TO ! QUE/ION WE HAVE TO BE> 9 M9D ?IS DEF9ITION4 ,! NATION ( ! RI* & ! NATION ( ! POOR1 & FROM ?IS ANGLE WE MU/ CREATE \R CONCEPT ( LOYALTY & DISLOYALTY4 ,! NATION ( ! RI* BE+ 9 P[]1 HAS A RI<T TO IMPOSE UPON US FROM ! /&PO9T ( P[] & FROM ! /&PO9T ( P[] ONLY1 ITS DEF9ITION ( S$ITION & ITS DEF9ITION ( TREASON4 ,WE MU/ ELEVATE ! NATION ( ! POOR TO ! POSITION ( ! NATION ( ! RI*1 WE MU/ MAKE IT ! SUPREME NATION & WE MU/ DEF9E S$ITION & TREASON AS (F5SES AGA9/ ! UNITY ( ! NATION ( ! POOR AS DI/9CT FROM ! NATION ( ! RI*4 ,?IS IS A TRUE POLITICAL EXPRESSION ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ONE TO BE REMEMB]$ & ONE TO BE PUT 9TO EFFECT4 

,9 ! 9T]NATIONAL FIELD TODAY WE HAVE LOYALTY TO SECTS --NOT LOYALTY TO NATIONS1 LOYALTY TO P>TIES--NOT LOYALTY TO CLASS1 BUT IT IS ! CLASS LOYALTY WE HAVE TO CONSID]4 ,! WORK+ CLASS MU/ CREATE ITS [N NATIONHOOD4 ,IT MU/ ACCEPT ! FACT ?AT SO LONG AS WE LIVE UND] ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM WE >E DIVID$ 9TO ECONOMIC CLASSES OR SUBDIVISIONS4 ,WE >E C>P5T]S4 WE >E JO9]S1 WE >E ELECTRICIANS1 WE >E LABOR]S1 WE >E MOTOR DRIV]S1 ETC41 & WE ?9K 9 ! T]MS ( \R [N P>TICUL> TRADE OR 9DU/RY1 P>TICUL>LY 9 TIMES ( ?REAT5$ UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,?IS IS :Y AMONG COMPOSITORS WE DEPRIVE WOM5 ( ! RI<T TO ACT AS COMPOSITORS OR L9OTYPE SETT]S1 EV5 ?\< !Y >E QUITE CAPABLE ( DO+ SU* WORK4 ,IT IS A RE/RICTION ON LABOR SUPPLY BECAUSE ( ! ECONOMIC CONDITION4 ,ALL ?IS MU/ BE WIP$ \T--BUT IT HAS TO BE ACCEPT$ AT ! MOM5T4 ,ABOVE ALL ?IS CLASS DI/9CTION & CRAFT DIVISION OR 9DU/RIAL DIVISION )9 ! NATION (4 ! POOR1 WE HAVE OV]HEAD ! ONE GREAT ECONOMIC FACT ?AT !RE IS A NATION ( ! POOR ?AT LIVES 9 9SECURITY1 LIVES 9 MIS]Y1 LIVES BY SELL+ ITS LABOR P[]--BY :ATEV] %APE OR =M IT DOES SO--& DOES NOT LIVE AS ! POSSESSOR ( ! WEAL? OR ! RI<T TO CONTROL WEAL?4 ,AGA9/ !M IS ! O!R CLASS :O LIVE ON !IR BACKS1 :O LIVE AS ! CONTROLL]S ( WEAL? PRODUC$ BY ! POOR & :O CON/ITUTE ! NATION ( ! RI* & ! GOV]N+ CLASS 9 SOCIETY4 ,BETWE5 !SE TWO NATIONS !RE EXI/S AN 9T]M9ABLE CONFLICT1 A CONFLICT ?AT CAN ONLY BE 5D$ BY ! TRIUMPH ( ! POOR & ! UTT] DEFEAT ( ! RI*4 ,\R BUS9ESS IS TO R+ AB\T AN 5D TO ?IS DIVISION1 & AN 5D TO ?IS /RUGGLE )9 ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T1 & BR+ AB\T A UNITY :I* WILL UTT]LY DEFEAT ! RUL+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 

,?IS UNITY IS DEFEAT$ BY ! FACTION ( S*ISM.<#a.> AS WELL AS H]ESY1.<#b.> & BY S*ISM MU* MORE ?AN BY H]ESY4 ,! S*ISM CONSI/S 9 ALL !SE POLITICAL P>TIES FI<T+ AGA9/ EA* O!R 9 ! NAME ( LABOR4 ,! S*ISM CONSI/S 9 ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE :I* AGA9 DIVIDES ! WORK]S ON ! 9DU/RIAL FIELD1 ?9K+ IT IS RI<T = ONE SECTION ( ! WORK]S TO GO )\T :IL/ ANO!R SECTION %\LD OCCUPY A POSITION ( SUP]IOR CONTROL ( WEAL? & SUP]IOR %>E ( WEAL?4 ,! S*ISM CONSI/S 9 ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! SKILL$ & ! UNSKILL$ WORK]1 =GETT+ ?AT !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS SKILL$ & UNSKILL$ WORK]S BUT ?AT !RE IS ONLY SU* AN 9/ITUTION AS ! WORK]4 ,9 ?IS GREAT /RUGGLE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ITS POLITICAL EXPRESSION & 9 ! T5D5CY T[>DS C>E]ISM CREAT$ BY ! ECONOMIC DIVISION1 Y\ HAVE ?IS QUE/ION >IS+ ( :O SPLITS ! VOTE1 :O DIVIDES ! WORK]8 

,IT IS ASSUM$ ?AT ! MAJORITY MOVEM5T IS ! RI<T MOVEM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ?AT 9 ! MAJORITY MOVEM5T !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS S*ISM1 NO SU* ?+ AS TREA*]Y4 ,IT IS ASSUM$ ?AT ! ONLY PEOPLE :O HAVE NO RI<T TO EXI/ >E ?OSE :O BELONG TO ! SMALL] GR\PS & SECTS & ?AT !Y PLAY NO USEFUL P>T 9 ! /RUGGLE4 ,?IS IS %E] NONS5SE1 PURE SECT>IANISM ( ! WOR/ DESCRIPTION4 ,SOMETIMES ! SMALL] GR\PS >E USELESS1 & !Y ACT 9 A USELESS FA%ION & !Y DO T5D TO DE/ROY ! UNITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 BUT LET US REMEMB] ?AT :5 !Y DO1 9 ! MA91 EXCEPT FROM SOME /&PO9T ( VANITY1 !Y DO SO FROM A S9C]E BELIEF 9 ! CAUSE ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,! L>G] GR\PS1 ! GR\PS ?AT >ISE FROM ! TRADE UNIONS--! GR\P ?AT >ISES FROM ! ECONOMIC 9T]E/ )9 ! /RUGGLE--! GR\PS ?AT F9D !IR EXPRESSION 9 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 ALSO HAVE !IR T5D5CY T[>DS S*ISM4 ,ITS MEMB]S >E MOV$ NOT BY A DESIRE TO S]VE ! PEOPLE1 NOT BY A LOYALTY TO AB/RACT PR9CIPLES1 BUT BY A LOYALTY TO !IR [N P]SONAL 9T]E/S & !IR [N /ATUS UND] CAPITALISM4 ,QUITE DEF9ITELY1 :IL/ !Y >ISE FROM ! RANKS ( LABOR1 :IL/ !IR BASE IS 9 ! WORK%OPS1 :IL/ !IR FEET >E 9 ! MIRE ( ! SLUMS & ! MIRE ( SUFF]+1 !Y BELONG--SO F> AS !IR HEADS >E CONC]N$-- TO ! CAPITALI/ CLASS & !Y ?9K 9 T]MS ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,?IS IS TREASON--& ?IS IS ! ONE TREASON WE MU/ DE/ROY4 ,?IS TREASON CAN ONLY BE DE/ROY$ BY E/ABLI%+1 SOMEH[ OR O!R1 A FUNDAM5TAL NATION ( ! POOR TO :I* ALL P[] %\LD BELONG4 ,IT %\LD BE \R ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y TASK1 :E!R WE >E >\S$ BY ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM OR NOT1 TO CREATE ?IS DEF9ITE ORGANIZ$ NATION ( ! POOR1 9CLUD+ ALL SECTIONS ( ! POOR & CREAT+ FREE SPEE* AMONG ! POOR--JU/ AS ! RUL+ CLASS HAVE E/ABLI%$ A NATION ( ! RI*4 

,N[ \R NATION ( ! POOR %\LD 5JOY ! SAME RI<T ( FREE SPEE*1 GOV]N$ BY A LOYALTY TO ITS [N CLASS 9T]E/S & A LOYALTY TO ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S1 AS ! NATION ( ! RI* HAS A RI<T TO CREATE A /ATE GOV]N$ BY ITS LOYALTY TO ! RUL+ CLASS 9T]E/S ( ! RI*4 ,ONCE ?IS IS UND]/OOD1 WE HAVE !N TWO DEF9ITE NATIONS CONFRONT+ EA* O!R ?R\<\T ! WORLD & /&+ = ! GREAT /RUGGLE = WORK+ CLASS EMANCIPATION & F9ALLY = A FREE WORLD EV]Y:]E4 

,WE HAVE ANO!R PROBLEM--! PROBLEM ( RECOGNIZ+ ! PLACE ?AT !ORY & $UCATION HAS 9 ?IS /RUGGLE4 ,$UCATION %\LD BE TAK5 AWAY FROM ! H&S ( ! RI* & PLAC$ 9 ! H&S ( ! POOR4 ,ONLY COMPLETE WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION--TE*NICAL AS WELL AS $UCATIONAL4 TE*NICAL AS WELL AS PROPHETIC1 TE*NICAL & SCI5TIFIC AS WELL AS VISION>Y--CAN BR+ ?IS AB\T4 

,9 MV OP9ION ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS REPRES5T$ A TREM5D\S *ANGE 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! WORLD1 & ALSO ! GREAT ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION HAS REPRES5T$ A TREM5D\S *ANGE4 ,I ?9K :5 WE COME TO ANALYZE ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WE WILL DISCOV] ! GREAT IMPORTANCE ( ,L594 ,NOT M]ELY AS A DISCIPLE ( ,M>X1 BUT AS A PRACTICAL DISCIPLE ( ,M>X & AS A PRACTICAL SCI5TIFIC SOCIALI/4 ,IT MAY BE ?AT HI/ORY WILL PLACE ,L59 9 AN EV5 HI<] POSITION ?AN ,M>X IS PLAC$1 BECAUSE ,M>X1 AFT] ALL1 AL?\< HE LAID ! BASIS ( SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM1 DE/ROY+ UTOPIAN SOCIALISM1 WAS BUT A K9D ( ,JOHN ! ,BAPTI/4 ,L59 WAS F> MORE PROBABLY ! ,*RI/ ( ! MOVEM5T ?AN ,M>X4 ,BECAUSE ,L59 DID TRY TO PUT 9TO PRACTICAL EFFECT ! IDEAS ( ,M>XISM1 & ! IDEA ( SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM & CREAT$ A /ATE :I*1 DESPITE ITS ]RORS--ITS T]RIBLE ]RORS--DID T5D T[>DS ! NEW SOCIAL ORD] & HI/ORICALLY BELONG$ TO ! SOCIAL ORD] ( SOCIALISM4 ,/AL9 CAN PASS \T ( ! PICTURE4 ,TROTSKY1 DESPITE HIS BRILLIANT WRIT+1 WAS A MU* 9F]IOR MAN TO ,L59 & ,I DO NOT ?9K HE W\LD HAVE HESITAT$ TO HAVE AGRE$ TO ?AT HIMSELF4 

,9 ,KHRUS*OV1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 WE HAVE A MAN NEXT GREAT 9 IMPORTANCE TO ?AT ( ,L591 BUT C]TA9LY A MAN ( \R TIME :O HAS MADE A /& POLITICALLY & DIPLOMATICALLY = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( SOCIALISM4 ,ACCEPT+ DEFEAT & MOV+ =W>D TO VICTORY1 MOV+ ) HIS TIMES1 MOV+ 9 FRONT ( HIS TIMES1 DET]M9$ TO SAVE ! WORLD FROM SLAU<T]1 DET]M9$ TO MAKE ! WORLD POSSIBLE = REVOLUTION4 ,:AT ,I HAVE SAID AB\T ! 'YES-M5' ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 :AT ,I HAVE SAID DISP>AG+ !SE PEOPLE :O CLAIM TO BE ! DISCIPLES ( ,KHRUS*OV & :O N[ APPLAUD ,KHRUS*OV AS !Y ONCE APPLAUD$ ,/AL91 IS NOT MEANT TO REPRES5T ANY DEGRADATION ( ,KHRUS*OV4 ,I HAVE A TREM5D\S RESPECT = ,KHRUS*OV & A TREM5D\S RESPECT = ! WORK HE IS DO+--?IS IS NOT A 'YES-MAN' RESPECT4 ,I AM QUITE PREP>$ TO CRITICIZE ,KHRUS*OV1 AS ,I AM QUITE PREP>$ TO CRITICIZE ,M>X1 AS ,I HOPE O!RS WILL BE PREP>$ TO CRITICIZE ME1 & AS ,I AM PREP>$ TO CRITICIZE MYSELF4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! GREAT DEBT ?AT HI/ORY [ES1 ! GREAT DEBT ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS [E AS REG>D !IR FUTURE DEVELOPM5T4 TO ! WORK ( ,KHRUS*OV--TO MY M9D CAN NEV] BE OV]-E/IMAT$4 ,?IS ,MAY ,DAY ,I BELIEVE 9 M5TION+ ?IS AS A P>T ( MY TRIBUTE TO ! IMPORTANCE ( ,MAY ,DAY4 

,!RE >E TWO O!R ?+S ,I WANT TO SAY4 ,FIR/ ( ALL4 ,I HAVE DRAWN ATT5TION ALREADY TO ! FACT ?AT ?IS ,MAY ,DAY %\LD BE CELEBRAT$ ) P>TICUL> 5]GY & 5?USIASM BECAUSE IT WAS ON #e? ,MAY ?AT ,K>L ,M>X WAS BORN4 ,IT IS NOT M]ELY A CELEBRATION ( ,MAY1 ! V]NAL MON? ( WORK+ CLASS EMANCIPATION4 IT IS ALSO A CELEBRATION ( ! BIR? & ! /RUGGLE 9 POV]TY ( A V]Y GREAT PIONE] ( SOCIALISM1 A V]Y GREAT PIONE] ( LIB]TY----,K>L ,M>X4 

,MAY ,DAY4 ,I BELIEVE MY MEMORY S]VES ME RI<TLY & ,I SPEAK ONLY FROM MEMORY AT ! MOM5T )\T ANY NOTES1 ,MAY ,DAY REALLY CAME 9TO IMPORTANCE AB\T ! YE> #a#h#h#i4 ,IT WAS REALLY E/ABLI%$ AS A DAY ( LABOR BY ! ,FR5* LABOR MOVEM5T & IT DID NOT 9CLUDE OR EXCLUDE ANY P>TICUL> BRAN*4 IT WAS ! MOVEM5T ( ALL ! WORK+ CLASS FACTIONS4 ,MAY ,DAY US$ TO BE LIKE ?AT 9 ,GLASG[1 BUT ! ,LABOR ,P>TY ) ! CONNIVANCE ( V>I\S FACTIONS1 SOME ( :OM LAT] W5T TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 SUCCE$$ 9 DE/ROY+ ! UNIV]SAL ASPECT ( ,MAY ,DAY & MADE IT MORE & MORE JU/ A P>LIAM5T>Y CELEBRATION4 ,WE HAVE EVID5CE ( ?AT 9 ! LA/ MEET+ ADDRESS$ 9 ,QUE5'S ,P>K BY ! LATE ,MR4 ,GAITSKELL :51 OBVI\SLY1 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY PLAT=M WAS CAPTUR$ & ! :OLE SPIRIT ( ,MAY ,DAY WAS DE/ROY$ BY ! 9T]E/S ( ONE P>TY1 ?AT CLAIM$ BECAUSE IT WAS ! MAJORITY P>TY TO BE ! P>TY ( ! 5TIRE WORK+ CLASS & V]Y LITTLE PROTE/ WAS MADE AGA9/ ?IS SEIZURE & USURPATION4 

,! ,*,I,C,A,G,O ,A,N,>,*,I,/,S 

,9 ANY CASE1 ,MAY ,DAY1 #a#h#h#i1 WAS E/ABLI%$ UND] ! %AD[ ( ! ,MAY ,DAYS ?AT HAD MORE OR LESS BE5 CELEBRAT$ 9 ! PA/1 BUT NOT ) UNIV]SAL ACCLAMATION1 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ! WORLD BUT DISSOCIAT$ FROM EA* O!R4 ,9 ,MAY ,DAY1 #a#h#h#f1 WE HAD ! DEMON/RATION 9 ,*ICAGO = ! ,*ICAGO M>TYRS4 ,!Y W]E >RE/$ = :AT TOOK PLACE & A YE> LAT] !Y W]E EXECUT$ AS ! M>TYRS ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 ,!IR SPIRIT OV]%AD[$ = A NUMB] ( YE>S ! CELEBRATION ( ,MAY ,DAY &1 AS Y\ KN[1 WE HAD AN \T/&+ GOV]NOR ( ,ILL9OIS :O DEP>T$ 5TIRELY FROM HIS CLASS & PROCLAIM$ ?AT !Y W]E VICTIMS ( A POLICE FRAME-UP & HE BR\<T AB\T ! RELEASE ( ?OSE /ILL 9 PRISON1 REGRETT+ ?AT HE C\LD NOT GIVE BACK ! LIVES ( ?OSE :O HAD ALREADY BE5 EXECUT$4 ,9 ! %AD[ ( ?AT GREAT TRAG$Y1 ! WORK+ CLASS ,MAY ,DAY WAS CELEBRAT$ & HELD = A NUMB] ( YE>S4 ,IT CAME D[N TO ! TIME :5 WE 9TRODUC$ ! RECOGNITION ( ! SUFF]+ ( ,F]RI] 9 ,SPA91 & !N TODAY WE MEET UND] ! %AD[ ( ! MURD]1 BY ,FRANCO1 ( ,GRIMAUD4.<#c.> 

,GRIMAUD HAS BE5 MURD]$ = HIS LOYALTY TO COMMUNISM & TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,HIS MURD] %\LD BE REMEMB]$ BY ALL ( US & IT %\LD UNITE ! 5TIRE WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 ,DIVISION BY SECT>IAN GR\P+ WILL DE/ROY ?AT POSSIBLE /& ?AT CAN OV]?R[ ?IS 0MAN ( NO M]CY10.<#d.> ?IS 5EMY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ,FRANCO4 ,IT IS NO USE TELL+ ME ?AT WE MU/ BE LOYAL TO AB/RACT PR9CIPLES ( SOCIALISM1 AFT] ALL ,I HAVE WALK$ ! FOOLS' P>ADE 9 PRISON1 ,I KN[ :AT IT IS LIKE TO BE SUFF]+ IMPRISONM5T &1 UND]/&+ ?AT1 ,I KN[ H[ IMPORTANT IT IS TO HAVE A UNIT$ MOVEM5T TO BR+ AB\T ONE'S RELEASE4 ,AP>T FROM ! T]RIBLE1 %OCK+ & DISGRACEFUL EXECUTION ( ,GRIMAUD1 WE HAVE ! T]RIBLE SUFF]+ ( ,AMBATIELOS 9 ,GREECE & WE WITNESS ! SC5E 9 CONNECTION ) ! H]OIC DEF5SE ( ,TONY ,AMBATIELOS BY HIS WIFE ,BETTY4 ,?IS %\LD CALL US TO /RONG PROTE/ AGA9/ FASCISM1 :I* AFT] ALL IS ! EXTREME & LA/ WORD ( REACTION>Y CAPITALISM4 ,?IS %\LD CALL US TO EXTREME UNITY & BR+ AB\T A PRACTICAL UNITY AS WELL AS MAKE = !ORETICAL DISCUSSION & UND]/&+4 ,!RE=E1 ,I AM = A WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T ?AT %\LD BE OP5 TO A DISCUSSION ( ALL4 ,BUT A WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T %\LD NOT JU/ 5D 9 DISCUSSION1 IT %\LD TRY TO TAKE DEF9ITE /EPS =W>D T[>DS A COMPLETE UNITY ( ITS ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y & P>LIAM5T>Y FACTIONS & BR+ AB\T ONE GREAT WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T = ACTION & = WORK+ CLASS EMANCIPATION4 

,I SAY COMRADES--UNITE1 RALLY R\ND & ?9K1 ABOVE ALL ?9K = Y\RSELVES1 & 9 ?9K+ = Y\RSELVES WE WILL DEVELOP A RI*NESS ( UNITY & A RI*NESS ( UND]/&+ :I* WILL GIVE P[] & CLASSIC AU?ORITY TO ! WORK+ CLASS NATION4 ,! NATION ( ! POOR WILL SOON BECOME ! NATION ( ! FREE 9 A RI*] & A FRE] WORLD4 

,AB\T ,GUY ,ALDR$ 

,HE S]V$ A TOTAL ( EI<T YE>S 9 PRISON = HIS BELIEFS1 &1 TRUE 0TO HIS PR9CIPLE1 DI$ 9 POV]TY4 

,GUY ,ALDR$ WAS A MAT]IALI/ 9 PHILOSOPHY4 ,HE HAD NO BELIEF 9 ! SUP]NATURAL4 ,TO HIM 0! MORTAL S\L ( ,MAN IS ! ONLY 9TELLIG5T LORD ( MATT]40 ,YET MANY ( HIS WRIT+S & SPEE*ES W]E IMBU$ ) A SPIRITUALITY ?AT RAIS$ !M 4ABOVE ! EPHEM]AL UTT]ANCES ( MO/ POLITICAL SPEAK]S4 ,:AT HE HAD TO SAY HAD RELEVANCE1 NOT M]ELY TO ! MOM5T1 BUT TO ! EPO*4 ,HE $IT$ MANY SOCIALI/ PAP]S1 AMONG !M3 0,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT10 0,! ,SPUR10 0,! ,COMMUNE10 0,! 0,C\NCIL10 0,! ,NEW ,SPUR10 & 0,! ,WORD40 ,HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY1 0,NO ,TRAITORS' ,GAIT60 WAS ISSU$ 9 SUPPLEM5TS & WAS UNF9I%$ AT ! TIME ( HIS DEA?4 

.<#a.> ,A S*ISM 'IS A DIVISION1 OR BREA* ( UNITY AMONG PEOPLE ( ! SAME BELIEFS4 

.<#b.> ,A H]ESY IS A DOCTR9E OR SET ( PR9CIPLES AT V>IANCE ) ! ACCEPT$ IDEAS ( A GR\P OR SECT4 

.<#c.> ,JULIAN ,GRIMAUD3 ,A MEMB] ( ! ,SPANI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,HE WAS EXECUT$ BY ,FRANCO 9 ,MAY1 #a#i#f#c1 = HIS P>T 9 ! ,CIVIL ,W> #be YE>S E>LI]4 ,! S5T5CE ( DEA? WAS C>RI$ \T DESPITE WORLD-WIDE PROTE/S4 

.<#d.> 0,MAN ( ,NO ,M]CY40 ,! ,SUNDAY ,CITIZ5 DESCRIPTION ( ! ,SPANI% DICTATOR1 ,FRANCO1 #aN ITS REPORT ( ! 0JUDICIAL MURD]0 ( ,JULIAN ,GRIMAUD4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG @& ,REVOLT,LIB4COM4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aifb 3 ,! ,TWO ,NATIONS -- ,PUBLICATION4 
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