,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b 
,CAUSES & ,CONSEQU5CES ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,CONCEPTION 

#aidgaidg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,VOL9E 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #b4 ,CAUSES & ,CONSEQU5CES ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,CONCEPTION 

  

,IT WAS1 AS IS WELL KN[N1 ! POLITICAL1 GOV]NM5TAL1 /ATI/1 C5TRALI/ CONCEPTION :I* WON 9 ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#a#g4 

,& AT ?IS PO9T TWO PRELIM9>Y QUE/IONS >ISE :I* NE$ TO BE CL>IFI$ BE=E WE DEAL ) ! EV5TS !RE 9 ?AT YE>4 

,:AT W]E ! FUNDAM5TAL REASONS ?AT P]MITT$ ,BOL%EVISM TO TRIUMPH OV] ,AN>*ISM 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION8 ,H[ IS ?AI TRIUMPH TO BE EVALUAT$8 

,! NUM]ICAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO GR\PS & ! POOR ORGANIZATION ( ! ,AN>*I/S IS NOT 5\< TO EXPLA9 !IR LACK ( SUCCESS4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5TS !IR NUMB]S C\LD HAVE BE5 9CREAS$ & !IR ORGANIZATION IMPROV$4 ,VIOL5CE ALONE ALSO IS NOT A SUFFICI5T REASON4 ,IF ! MASSES C\LD HAVE BE5 WON OV] TO ,AN>*I/ IDEAS 9 TIME1 VIOL5CE C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 US$ AGA9/ ?AT MOVEM5T4 

,MOREOV]1 AS WILL BE SE51 ! DEFEAT C\LD BE IMPUT$ NEI!R TO ! ,AN>*I/ IDEA AS SU* NOR TO ! ATTITUDE ( ! LIB]T>IANS4 ,IT WAS ! ALMO/ UNAVOIDABLE CONSEQU5CE ( A COMPLEXITY ( FACTORS BEYOND !IR CONTROL4 

,!RE=E LET US SEEK TO DISCOV] ! ESS5TIAL CAUSES ( ! REPULSE ( ! ,AN>*I/ CONCEPT4 ,!Y >E MULTIPLE4 ,WE WILL 5UM]ATE !M1 9 ! ORD] ( !IR IMPORTANCE1 & TRY TO JUDGE !IR EXACT WOR?3 

#a4 ,! G5]AL /ATE ( M9D ( ! MASSES1 & ALSO ( ! CULTIVAT$ /RATA ( ! POPULATION4 

,9 ,RUSSIA1 AS EV]Y:]E ELSE1 ! ,/ATE & ! GOV]NM5T SEEM$ TO ! MASSES TO BE ELEM5TS ?AT W]E 9DISP5SABLE1 NATURAL1 & HI/ORICALLY E/ABLI%$ = ALL TIME4 ,! PEOPLE DID NOT EV5 ASK IF ! ,/ATE & ! GOV]NM5T REPRES5T$ HEAL?Y 9/ITUTIONS4.<#a.> ,SU* A QUE/ION DID NOT OCCUR TO !M4 ,OR IF SOME ONE =MULAT$ IT !Y BEGAN -- & (T5 ALSO 5D$ -- BY NOT UND]/&+ HIM4 

#b4 ,?IS /ATI/ PREJUDICE1 ALMO/ 9NATE1 RESULT+ FROM EVOLUTION & 5VIRONM5T ?R\< ?\S&S ( YE>S1 ?US BECOM+ 0SECOND NATURE01 WAS FUR!R RE9=C$ -- ESPECIALLY 9 ,RUSSIA1 :]E ,AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE H>DLY EXI/$ EXCEPT = A FEW CL&E/9E PAMPHLETS & LEAFLETS -- BY ! PRESS G5]ALLY1 9CLUD+ ?AT ( ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES4 

,WE MU/ NOT =GET ?AT ! ADVANC$ Y\? 9 ,RUSSIA READ A LIT]ATURE :I* 9V>IABLY PRES5T$ ,SOCIALISM 9 A /ATI/ =M4 ,! ,M>XI/S & ! ANTI-,M>XI/S DISPUT$ AMONG !MSELVES1 BUT = BO? ! ,/ATE REMA9$ ! 9DISPUTABLE BASIS ( ALL MOD]N SOCIETY4 

,SO ,RUSSIA'S Y\NG] G5]ATION NEV] ?\<T ( ,SOCIALISM EXCEPT 9 A /ATI/ =M4 ,EXCEPT = A R>E FEW 9DIVIDUAL EXCEPTIONS1 ! ,AN>*I/ CONCEPTIONS REMA9$ UNKN[N TO !M UNTIL ! EV5TS ( #a#i#a#g4 ,NOT ONLY ! ,RUSSIAN PRESS1 BUT ALL $UCATION 9 ?AT C\NTRY -- ALL ! TIME -- HAD HAD A /ATI/ *>ACT]4 

#c4 ,IT WAS = ! REASONS SET =? ABOVE ?AT ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 9CLUD+ ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 HAD AT !IR DISPOSAL1 AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 SIZABLE CADRES ( MILITANTS READY = ACTION4 

,! MEMB]S ( ! MOD]ATE ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES ALREADY W]E RELATIVELY NUM]\S AT ?AT TIME1 :I* WAS ONE ( ! CAUSES ( ! SUCCESS ( ! ,M5%EVIKS & ! RI<T ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,AS = ! ,BOL%EVIK CADRES1 !Y W]E !N MA9LY ABROAD4 ,BUT ALL !SE M5 .<& WOM5.> QUICKLY RETURN$ HOME & IMM$IATELY SET TO WORK4 

,COMP>$ ) ! ,SOCIALI/ & ,BOL%EVIK =CES :I* W]E ACT+ 9 ,RUSSIA FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION ON A WIDE SCALE & 9 AN ORGANIZ$1 DISCIPL9$ MANN]1 ! ,AN>*I/S W]E ONLY A H&FUL ( 9DIVIDUALS )\T 9FLU5CE4 

,BUT IT WAS NOT ONLY A QUE/ION ( NUMB]S4 ,R5\NC+ POLITICAL ME?ODS & GOALS1 ! ,AN>*I/S LOGICALLY DID NOT =M AN >TIFICIALLY DISCIPL9$ POLITICAL P>TY = ! PURPOSE ( CONQU]+ P[]4 ,!Y ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9TO GR\PS = PROPAG&A & SOCIAL ACTION1 & LAT] 9TO ASSOCIATIONS & F$]ATIONS PRACTIC+ FREE DISCIPL9E4 ,?IS MODE ( ORGANIZATION & ACTION CONTRIBUT$ TO PUTT+ !M1 PROVISIONALLY1 9 AN 9F]IOR POSITION 9 RELATION TO ! POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,?AT1 H[EV]1 DID NOT DISC\RAGE !M1 = !Y W]E WORK+ = ! DAY :5 ! MASSES1 HAV+ BE5 MADE TO UND]/& -- BY ! =CE ( EV5TS1 RE9=C$ BY EXPLANATORY & $UCATIONAL PROPAG&A -- ! VITAL TRU? ( !IR CONCEPTION1 IT W\LD BE A*IEV$4 

,I RECALL ?AT1 :5 ,I RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA FROM ABROAD & >RIV$ 9 ,PETROGRAD 9 ! E>LY P>T ( ,JULY1 #a#i#a#g1 ,I WAS /RUCK BY ! IMPRESSIVE NUMB] ( ,BOL%EVIK NOTICES ANN\NC+ MEET+S & LECTURES 9 ALL P>TS ( ! CAPITAL & SUBURBS1 9 PUBLIC HALLS1 9 FACTORIES1 & 9 O!R GA!R+ PLACES4 ,I DIDN'T SEE A S+LE ,AN>*I/ NOTICE4 ,ALSO ,I LE>N$ ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY WAS PUBLI%+1 9 ,PETROGRAD & ELSE:]E1 A DAILY PAP] ( WIDE CIRCULATION1 & ?AT IT HAD IMPORTANT & 9FLU5TIAL NUCLEI NE>LY EV]Y:]E -- NOTABLY 9 ! FACTORIES1 9 ! ADM9I/RATIONS1 & 9 ! ,>MY4 

,& ,I OBS]V$ AT ! SAME TIME1 ) BITT] DISAPPO9TM5T1 ?AT !RE WAS NOT 9 ! CAPITAL A S+LE ,AN>*I/ NEWSPAP] NOR ANY ORAL ,AN>*I/ PROPAG&A4 ,!RE W]E1 IT IS TRUE1 A FEW V]Y PRIMITIVE LIB]T>IAN GR\PS !RE4 ,& 9 ,KRON/ADT !RE W]E A SMALL NUMB] ( ,AN>*I/S :OSE 9FLU5CE MADE ITSELF FELT4 ,BUT !SE 0CADRES0 W]E 9SUFFICI5T TO C>RY ON EFFECTIVE PROPAG&A1 NOT ONLY = ADVOCAT+ AN ALMO/ UNKN[N IDEA1 BUT ALSO = C\NT]ACT+ ! P[]FUL ,BOL%EVIK ACTIVITY & PROPAG&A4 ,9 ! FIF? MON? ( A GREAT REVOLUTION1 NO ,AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]1 NO ,AN>*I/ VOICE WAS MAK+ ITSELF HE>D 9 ! CAPITAL ( ! C\NTRY4 ,& ?IS 9 ! FACE ( ! ALMO/ UNLIMIT$ ACTIVITY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI6  ,SU* WAS MY OBS]VATION4 

,IT WAS NOT UNTIL ,AUGU/1 & ) GREAT DIFFICULTY1 ?AT A LITTLE GR\P ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S1 CONSI/+ MA9LY ( COMRADES RETURN$ FROM ABROAD1 F9ALLY SUCCE$$ 9 />T+ A WEEKLY NEWSPAP]1 ,GOLOS ,TRUDA1 ,! ,VOICE ( ,LABOR1 9 ,PETROGRAD4 ,AS = ORAL PROPAG&A1 H[EV]1 !RE W]E SC>CELY ?REE OR F\R COMRADES 9 ?AT CITY CAPABLE ( P]=M+ IT4 ,9 ,MOSC[ ! SITUATION WAS MORE FAVORABLE1 = IT ALREADY HAD A LIB]T>IAN DAILY1 PUBLI%$ BY A FAIRLY L>GE F$]ATION1 UND] ! TITLE ( ,AN>*Y4 ,9 ! PROV9CES ,AN>*I/ =CES & PROPAG&A W]E 9SIGNIFICANT4 

,IT WAS A/ONI%+ ?AT 9 SPITE ( ?IS POV]TY1 & SU* AN UNFAVORABLE SITUATION1 ! ,AN>*I/S W]E ABLE TO GA91 A LITTLE LAT] -- & NE>LY EV]Y:]E -- A C]TA9 9FLU5CE1 =C+ ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO COMBAT !M ) >MS 9 H&1 & 9 SOME PLACES1 = A CONSID]ABLE TIME4 ,?IS RAPID & SPONTANE\S SUCCESS ( ! ,AN>*I/ IDEA IS HI<LY SIGNIFICANT4 

,:51 ON MY >RIVAL .<9 ,PETROGRAD.>1 SOME COMRADES WANT$ TO KN[ MY FIR/ IMPRESSIONS1 ,I TOLD !M ?IS3 0,\R DELAY IS IRREP>ABLE4 ,IT IS AS IF WE HAD TO OV]TAKE ON FOOT AN EXPRESS TRA91 :I*1 9 ! POSSESSION ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 IS #a KILOMET]S AHEAD ( US1 & IS TRAVEL+ AT ! RATE ( #a KILOMET]S AN H\R4 ,WE NOT ONLY HAVE TO OV]TAKE IT1 BUT WE MU/ GRAB HOLD ( IT AT FULL SPE$1 HANG ON1 GET 9TO IT & FI<T ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 DISLODGE !M1 & F9ALLY1 NOT TAKE OV] ! TRA91 BUT1 :AT IS MU* MORE DELICATE1 PUT IT AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! MASSES & HELP !M MAKE IT GO4 ,A MIRACLE IS NE$$ = ALL ?AT TO SUCCE$4 ,\R DUTY IS TO BELIEVE 9 ?AT MIRACLE & WORK = ITS REALIZATION40 

,I MAY ADD ?AT SU* A 0MIRACLE0 OCCURR$ AT LEA/ TWICE 9 ! C\RSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION -- FIR/1 9 ,KRON/ADT AT ! TIME ( ! UPRIS+ 9 ,M>*1 #a#i#b#a2 & SECOND1 9 ! ,UKRA9E .<9 ! =W>D SWEEP (.> ! MASS MOVEM5T CALL$ ,MAKHNOVI/4 ,!SE TWO A*IEVEM5TS1 .<>E AMONG ! DEVELOPM5TS ?AT.> HAVE BE5 PASS$ OV] 9 SIL5CE OR DI/ORT$ 9 ! WORKS ( IGNORANT OR BIAS$ AU?ORS4 ,!Y REMA9 G5]ALLY UNKN[N TO ! PUBLIC4 

#d4 ,C]TA9 EV5TS ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 CIT$ F>!R ON1 PROVE TO US ?AT DESPITE ! UNFAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES & ! 9SUFFICI5T NUMB] ( ,AN>*I/ CADRES1 ! ,AN>*I/ IDEA C\LD HAVE BLAZ$ A TRAIL1 OR EV5 WON1 IF ! MASS ( ,RUSSIAN WORK]S HAD HAD AT !IR DISPOSAL1 AT ! V]Y BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 CLASS ORGANIZATIONS ?AT W]E OLD1 EXP]I5C$1 PROV51 READY TO ACT ON !IR [N1 & TO PUT ?AT IDEA 9TO PRACTICE4 ,BUT ! REALITY WAS :OLLY O!RWISE4 ,! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS >OSE ONLY 9 ! C\RSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,TO BE SURE1 !Y IMM$IATELY MADE A PRODIGI\S SPURT NUM]ICALLY4 ,RAPIDLY ! :OLE C\NTRY WAS COV]$ ) A VA/ NETWORK ( UNIONS1 FACTORY COMMITTEES1 ,SOVIETS1 ET CET]A4 ,BUT !SE ORGANIZATIONS CAME 9TO BE+ ) NEI!R PREP>ATION NOR PRELIM9>Y ACTIVITY1 )\T EXP]I5CE1 )\T A CLE> IDEOLOGY1 )\T 9DEP5D5T 9ITIATIVE4 ,!Y HAD NO HI/ORICAL TRADITION1 NO COMPET5CE1 NO NOTION ( !IR ROLE1 !IR TASK1 !IR TRUE MISSION4 ,! LIB]T>IAN IDEA WAS UNKN[N TO !M4 ,UND] !SE CONDITIONS !Y W]E CONDEMN$ TO BE TAK5 9 T[1 FROM ! BEG9N+1 BY ! POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,& LAT] ! ,BOL%EVIKS SAW TO IT ?AT ! WEAK ,AN>*I/ =CES W\LD BE UNABLE TO 5LI<T5 !M TO ! NECESS>Y DEGREE4 

,! LIB]T>IAN GR\PS1 AS SU*1 C\LD ONLY BE TRANSMITT]S ( IDEAS4 ,9 ORD] ?AT ?OSE IDEAS BE APPLI$ TO LIFE1 0RECEIV+0 SETS W]E NE$$3 WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS READY TO GET !SE IDEA-WAVES1 0RECEIVE0 !M1 & PUT !M 9TO PRACTICE4 ,IF SU* ORGANIZATIONS HAD EXI/$1 ! ,AN>*I/S ( ! CORRESPOND+ PR(ESSIONS W\LD HAVE JO9$ !M1 & GIV5 !M !IR 5LI<T5$ AID1 ADVICE1 & EXAMPLE4 ,BUT 9 ,RUSSIA1 ?OSE 0RECEIV+ SETS0 W]E LACK+1 & ! ORGANIZATIONS :I* >OSE DUR+ ! ,REVOLUTION C\LD NOT FULFILL ?IS PURPOSE .<) ! NE$$ SWIFTNESS.>4 ,! ,AN>*I/ IDEAS1 AL?\< !Y W]E BROADCA/ 5]GETICALLY BY A FEW 0TRANSMITT]S01 W]E 0LO/ 9 ! AIR0 )\T BE+ RECEIV$ EFFECTIVELY4 ,SO !Y HAD NO PRACTICAL RESULTS4 

,UND] !SE CONDITIONS1 9 ORD] ?AT ! ,AN>*I/ IDEA MI<T BLAZE A TRAIL & W91 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 NECESS>Y EI!R ?AT ,BOL%EVISM DIDN'T EXI/1 OR ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS ACT$ AS ,AN>*I/S -- OR ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION HAD LEFT SUFFICI5T TIME TO ! LIB]T>IANS & ! WORK+ MASSES TO P]MIT ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS TO RECEIVE ?AT IDEA & BECOME CAPABLE ( A*IEV+ IT BE=E BE+ SWALL[$ UP & SUBJUGAT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE4 ,?IS LATT] POSSIBILITY DID NOT OCCUR1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAV+ SWALL[$ ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 & BLOCK$ ! WAY = ! ,AN>*I/S1 BE=E ! =M] C\LD FAMILI>IZE !MSELVES ) ,AN>*I/ CONCEPTS1 OPPOSE ?IS SEIZURE1 & ORI5T ! ,REVOLUTION 9 A LIB]T>IAN DIRECTION4 

,! ABS5CE ( !SE 0RECEIV+ SETS01 ?AT IS1 ( WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 SOCIALLY READY TO RECEIVE & C>RY \T1 FROM ! />T1 ! ,AN>*I/ IDEA1 7& !N1 ! LACK ( TIME NE$$ TO CREATE SU* 0RECEIV+ SETS07 -- ?IS ABS5CE1 9 MY OP9ION1 WAS ONE ( ! PR9CIPAL REASONS = ! FAILURE ( ,AN>*ISM 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g4 

#e4 ,ANO!R FACTOR :I* WE WILL GLANCE AT1 & ! IMPORTANCE ( :I* IS NOT 9CONSID]ABLE1 DESPITE ITS SUBJECTIVE *>ACT]1 C\LD BE ADD$ TO ! PREC$+ ONE4 ,IT AGGRAVAT$ IT & R5D]$ IT COMPLETELY FATAL TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,!RE WAS A SIMPLE & SPE$Y ME?OD AVAILABLE TO ELIM9ATE ! EFFECTS ( ! BACKW>DNESS ( ! MASSES1 TO MAKE UP = LO/ TIME1 TO FILL 9 ! GAPS4 ,?AT WAS TO LEAVE ! FIELD FREE = ! LIB]T>IAN PROPAG&A & MOVEM5T1 S9CE1 AFT] ! FALL ( ! LA/ ,K]5SKY GOV]NM5T1 FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 ORGANIZATION1 & ACTION W]E DEF9ITELY A*IEV$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,KN[+ ( ! ABS5CE ( WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 & ( A WIDESPREAD LIB]T>IAN PROPAG&A & ,AN>*I/ KN[L$GE BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION1 5ABLES US TO UND]/& :Y ! MASSES 5TRU/$ !IR FATE TO A POLITICAL P>TY & A P[]1 ?US REPEAT+ ! FUNDAM5TAL ]ROR ( PREVI\S REVOLUTIONS4 ,UND] ! EXI/+ CONDITIONS1 ! BEG9N+ WAS OBJECTIVELY 9EVITABLE4 ,BUT SUBSEQU5T DEVELOPM5TS W]E NOT 9 ! LEA/ 9EVITABLE4 

,LET ME EXPLA94 

,A TRUE REVOLUTION CAN ONLY TAKE ITS FLI<T1 EVOLVE1 ATTA9 ITS OBJECTIVES1 IF IT HAS AN 5VIRONM5T ( ! FREE CIRCULATION ( REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS CONC]N+ ! C\RSE TO FOLL[1 & ! PROBLEMS TO BE SOLV$4 ,?IS LIB]TY IS AS 9DISP5SABLE TO ! ,REVOLUTION AS AIR IS TO RESPIRATION4.<#b.> ,?AT IS :Y1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( A P>TY1 A DICTATOR%IP :I* LEADS 9EVITABLY TO ! SUPPRESSION ( ALL FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 PRESS1 ORGANIZATION1 & ACTION -- EV5 = ! REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES1 EXCEPT = ! P>TY 9 P[] -- IS FATAL TO TRUE REVOLUTION4 

,9 SOCIAL MATT]S1 NO ONE CAN PRET5D TO POSSESS ! :OLE TRU?1 OR TO BE IMMUNE FROM SELF-DECEPTION4 ,?OSE :O DO SO PRET5D -- :E!R !Y CALL !MSELVES ,SOCIALI/S1 ,COMMUNI/S1 ,AN>*I/S1 OR ANY?+ ELSE -- & :O1 ONCE 9 P[]1 DE/ROY1 ON ! /R5G? ( ?IS PRET5SION1 O!R IDEAS1 9EVITABLY E/ABLI% A K9D ( SOCIAL 9QUISITION4 ,& LIKE ALL 9QUISITIONS1 !Y /IFLE ALL TRU?1 ALL JU/ICE1 ALL PROGRESS1 LIFE1 MAN1 ! V]Y BREA? ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,ONLY ! FREE EX*ANGE ( REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS1 ! MULTI=M COLLECTIVE ?\<T1 ) ITS LAW ( NATURAL SELECTION1 CAN KEEP US FROM ]ROR & PREV5T US FROM GO+ A/RAY4 ,?OSE :O DO NOT RECOGNIZE ?IS >E SIMPLY BAD 9DIVIDUALI/S :ILE PRET5D+ TO BE ,SOCIALI/S1 COLLECTIVI/S1 ,COMMUNI/S1 ET CET]A4 

,!SE TRU?S >E SO CLE> & NATURAL 9 \R DAYS -- ,I MI<T EV5 SAY EVID5T -- ?AT ONE IS REALLY UNCOM=TABLE 9 HAV+ TO 9SI/ ON !M4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO BE BO? BL9D & DEAF1 OR ( BAD FAI?1 TO FAIL TO UND]/& !M4 ,YET ,L591 & O!RS ) HIM1 UND\BT$LY S9C]E1 R5\NC$ !M4 ,! FALLIBILITY ( ! HUMAN M9D4 ,& AS = ?OSE :O BL9DLY FOLL[$ ! 0*IEFS01 !Y RECOGNIZ$ !IR ]ROR TOO LATE4 ,BY ?AT TIME ! ,9QUISITION WAS FUNCTION+ AT FULL /EAM2 IT HAD ITS 0APP>ATUS0 & ITS CO]CIVE =CES4 ,& ! MASSES 0OBEY$0 AS !Y W]E ACCU/OM$ TO1 OR W]E1 ONCE MORE1 P[]LESS TO ALT] ! SITUATION4 ,! ,REVOLUTION WAS CORRUPT$1 TURN$ FROM ITS C\RSE1 & ! CORRECT WAY WAS LO/4 0,EV]Y?+ DISGU/S ME SO MU*10 ,L59 ADMITT$ TO HIS COMRADES ONE DAY1 SEE+ :AT WAS GO+ ON >\ND HIM1 0?AT1 DESPITE MY ILLNESS1 ,I W\LD LIKE TO LEAVE IT ALL & FLEE40 ,HAD HE UND]/OOD8 

,IF1 ONCE 9 P[]1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY HAD1 WE WON'T SAY 5C\RAG$ 7?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 TOO MU* TO ASK71 BUT ONLY ALL[$ FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ORGANIZATION TO ! LIB]T>IANS1 ! RET>DATION W\LD HAVE BE5 QUICKLY MADE UP = & ! GAPS FILL$ 94 ,AS WILL BE SE51 ! FACTS PROVE ?IS IRREFUTABLY4 ,! LONG & DIFFICULT /RUGGLE :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD TO C>RY ON AGA9/ ,AN>*ISM1 DESPITE ITS WEAKNESS1 ALONE P]MITS ONE TO CONJECTURE ! SUCCESS ?AT ! ,AN>*I/S MI<T HAVE A*IEV$ IF !Y HAD HAD FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ACTION4 

,BUT1 PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ! 9ITIAL SUCCESSES ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T1 & BECAUSE FREE ,AN>*I/ ACTIVITY 9FALLIBLY W\LD HAVE GIV5 RISE TO ! IDEA ?AT ALL POLITICAL P>TIES & ALL P[] W]E USELESS1 :I* W\LD HAVE L$ TO ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY0S ELIM9ATION1 ! LATT] C\LD NOT P]MIT ?IS LIB]TY4 ,TO TOL]ATE ,AN>*I/ PROPAG&A W\LD HAVE BE5 EQUIVAL5T TO SUICIDE = ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,!Y DID !IR BE/ TO PREV5T1 !N TO =BID1 & F9ALLY TO SUPPRESS BY BRUTE =CE1 ANY MANIFE/ATION ( LIB]T>IAN CONCEPTS4  

,IT IS FREQU5TLY CONT5D$ ?AT ! LABOR+ MASSES >E 9CAPABLE ( A*IEV+ A REVOLUTION = !MSELVES1 FREELY4 ,?IS !SIS IS P>TICUL>LY DE> TO ! 0,COMMUNI/S01 = IT P]MITS !M TO 9VOKE AN 0OBJECTIVE0 SITUATION NECESS>ILY LEAD+ TO REPRESSION ( ! 0WICK$ ,UTOPIAN ,AN>*I/S04 7,S9CE ! MASSES >E 9COMPET5T1 !Y SAY1 AN 0,AN>*I/ REVOLUTION0 W\LD MEAN ! DEA? ( ! ,REVOLUTION74 ,BUT ?IS !SIS IS ABSOLUTELY GRATUIT\S4 ,LET !M FURNI% PRO( ( SU* ALLEG$ 9CAPACITY ( ! MASSES4 ,ONE CAN SE>* HI/ORY )\T F9D+ A S+LE EXAMPLE :]E ! MASSES W]E REALLY LEFT TO ACT FREELY 7:ILE BE+ HELP$1 NATURALLY71 :I* W\LD BE ! ONLY WAY ( PROV+ !IR 9CAPACITY4 

,?IS EXP]IM5T NEV] HAS BE5 TRI$ -- & = REASONS EASY TO UND]/&4 7,IT W\LD1 H[EV]1 BE SIMPLE74 ,= IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT ?AT !SIS IS FALSE1 & ! EXP]IM5T W\LD PUT AN 5D TO EXPLOITATION ( ! PEOPLE & TO AU?ORITY1 BAS$1 NO MATT] :AT ITS =M1 NOT ON ! 9CAPACITY ( ! MASSES1 BUT ONLY ON VIOLATION & DECEPTION4 ,?AT IS :Y1 MOREOV]1 ?AT EV5TUALLY ! LABOR+ MASSES WILL BE DRIV5 HI/ORICALLY TO TAKE !IR LIB]TY ( ACTION ?R\< A REVOLUTION1 A TRUE ONE -- = ! DOM9ATORS 7!Y >E ALWAYS AT ! SAME TIME EXPLOIT]S1 OR >E 9 ! S]VICE ( AN EXPLOIT+ CLASS7 WILL NEV] GIVE IT1 NO MATT] :AT !IR LABEL4 

,! FACT ?AT !Y .<! MASS ( WORK]S.> HAVE ALWAYS 5TRU/$ !IR FATE1 UNTIL ! PRES5T1 TO P>TIES1 TO GOV]NM5TS1 TO LEAD]S -- A FACT ?AT ALL ! DOM9ATORS & POT5TIAL EXPLOIT]S USE TO ADVANTAGE = SUBJUGAT+ ! MASSES -- MAY BE EXPLA9$ BY SEV]AL CIRCUM/ANCES :I* WE DON'T HAVE TO ANALYZE H]E1 & :I* HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ! CAPACITY OR 9CAPACITY ( ! MULTITUDE4 ,?IS FACT PROVES1 IF ONE WI%ES1 ! CR$ULITY1 ! HE$LESSNESS1 ( ! MASSES1 !IR UNAW>5ESS ( !IR [N /R5G?1 BUT NOT AT ALL !IR 9CAPACITY1 ?AT IS1 ! ABS5CE ( ?AT /R5G?4 

0,9CAPACITY ( ! MASSES04 ,:AT A TOOL = ALL EXPLOIT]S & DOM9ATORS1 PA/1 PRES5T1 & FUTURE1 & ESPECIALLY = ! MOD]N ASPIR+ 5SLAV]S1 :ATEV] !IR 9SIGNIA -- ,NAZISM1 ,BOL%EVISM1 ,FASCISM1 OR ,COMMUNISM4 0,9CAPACITY ( ! MASSES0 ,!RE IS A PO9T ON :I* ! REACTION>IES ( ALL COLORS >E 9 P]FECT AGREEM5T ) ! 0,COMMUNI/S04 ,& ?IS AGREEM5T IS EXCE$+LY SIGNIFICANT4 

,LET ! 0CAPABLE0 & 9FALLIBLE LEAD]S ( \R TIME1 P]MIT ! LABOR+ MASSES1 ON ! DAY AFT] ! COM+ ,REVOLUTION1 TO ACT FREELY1 :ILE SIMPLY HELP+ !M :]E !RE IS NE$4 ,!Y WILL SOON SEE :E!R ! MASSES >E 09CAPABLE0 ( ACT+ )\T POLITICAL PROTECTORS4 ,WE CAN ASSURE !M ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WILL !N LEAD TO ANO!R RESULT ?AN ?AT ( #a#i#a#g1 ) ITS ,FASCISM & UN5D+ W>4 

,ALAS1 WE KN[ 9 ADVANCE ?AT !Y NEV] WILL D>E SU* AN EXP]IM5T4 ,& ! MASSES AGA9 HAVE A SPECIAL TASK TO P]=M 3 ?AT ( ELIM9AT+ 9 FULL CONSCI\SNESS & 9 AN OPPORTUNE TIME1 ALL ! 0ASPIRANTS01 ( TAK+ ! WORK 9TO !IR [N H&S1 & C>RY+ IT \T 9 FULL 9DEP5D5CE4 ,LET US HOPE ?AT ?IS TIME ! TASK WILL BE DONE4 

,ACCORD+LY ! READ] WILL UND]/& :Y ! PROPAG&A ( ,AN>*I/ IDEAS1 TRY+ TO DE/ROY ! CR$ULITY ( ! MASSES1 MAKE !M CONSCI\S ( !IR [N /R5G?1 & GIVE !M CONFID5CE 9 !MSELVES1 WAS CONSID]$1 AT ALL TIMES & 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 AS ! MO/ DANG]\S4 ,IT HAS BE5 REPRESS$1 & ITS PROTAGONI/S PURSU$1 ) EXCEPTIONAL PROMPTNESS & SEV]ITY1 BY ALL REACTION>Y GOV]NM5TS4 

,9 ,RUSSIA ?IS SAVAGE REPRESSION R5D]$ ! SPREAD ( LIB]T>IAN CONCEPTS -- ALREADY SO DIFFICULT UND] EXI/+ CIRCUM/ANCES -- ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE UP TO ! ADV5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!N ! ,AN>*I/S W]E ALL[$ A C]TA9 DEGREE ( FRE$OM ( ACTION4 ,BUT WE HAVE SE5 ?AT UND] ! PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5TS FROM ,FEBRU>Y TO ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#a#g1 ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T /ILL C\LD NOT ACCOMPLI% MU*4 ,& AS = ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 !Y W]E NO EXCEPTIONS TO ! RULE4 ,AS SOON AS !Y A*IEV$ P[]1 !Y UND]TOOK ! SUPPRESSION ( LIB]T>IANS BY EV]Y MEANS AT !IR DISPOSAL3 SL&]S1 TRAPS & AMBU%ES1 PROHIBITIONS1 SE>*ES1 >RE/S1 ACTS ( VIOL5CE1 DE/RUCTION ( MEET+ PLACES1 ASSASS9ATIONS -- ANY?+ WAS ACCEPTABLE TO !M4 ,& :5 !Y FELT ?AT !IR P[] WAS SUFFICI5TLY CONSOLIDAT$1 !Y LAUN*$ A G5]AL & DECISIVE REPRESSION AGA9/ ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,?IS BEGAN 9 ,APRIL1 #a#i#a#h1 & HAS NEV] LET UP UNTIL ! PRES5T4 ,F>!R ON ! READ] WILL F9D DETAILS ( ?IS 0FEAT ( VALOR0 BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 ALMO/ UNKN[N \TSIDE ( ,RUSSIA4 

,?US ,AN>*I/ ACTIVITY C\LD ONLY BE C>RI$ ON 9 APPROXIMATE FRE$OM = SOME SIX MON?S4 ,IT IS H>DLY A/ONI%+ ?AT ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T DID NOT HAVE TIME TO ORGANIZE1 TO EXP&1 TO GET RID (1 9 GR[+1 ITS WEAKNESS & FAULTS4 ,ALL ! MORE REASON ?AT IT LACK$ TIME TO REA* ! MASSES & MAKE ITSELF KN[N TO !M4 ,IT REMA9$ TO ! 5D1 %UT UP 9 A 0CLOS$ VESSEL04 ,IT WAS KILL$ 9 ! EGG1 )\T BE+ ABLE TO BREAK ! %ELL4 7,?IS WAS1 OBJECTIVELY1 NOT IMPOSSIBLE74 

,SU* WAS ! SECOND PR9CIPAL REASON = ITS FAILURE4 

,IT IS NECESS>Y TO UND]L9E H]E ! CAPITAL IMPORTANCE -- = ! ,REVOLUTION -- ( :AT WE HAVE JU/ /AT$4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS WIP$ \T ,AN>*ISM DELIB]ATELY1 AGGRESSIVELY4 ,TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 & ( !IR HOLD UPON ! MASSES1 !Y SAVAGELY SUPPRESS$ ! LIB]T>IAN IDEA & ! MOVEM5TS :I* SUPPORT$ IT4 ,!Y DID NOT LET ,AN>*ISM EXI/1 /ILL LESS GO TO ! MASSES4 ,LAT] !Y HAD ! IMPUD5CE TO MA9TA91 = POLITICAL REASONS1 ?AT ,AN>*ISM HAD FAIL$ 0IDEOLOGICALLY01 ! MASSES HAV+ UND]/OOD & REJECT$ ITS 0ANTI-PROLET>IAN DOCTR9E04 ,ABROAD1 ALL ?OSE :O LIKE TO BE FOOL$ TOOK !M AT !IR WORD4 ,! 0,COMMUNI/S0 ALSO PRET5D1 AS WE HAVE SAID1 ?AT S9CE ,AN>*ISM1 9 OPPOS+ ,BOL%EVISM1 DID NOT HAVE 0OBJECTIVELY0 ANY *ANCE ( /E]+ ! ,REVOLUTION ONTO ITS C\RSE1 IT PUT IT 9 DANG] & %[$ ITSELF AS BE+ OBJECTIVELY 0C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y01 & !RE=E HAD TO BE F\<T )\T S(TNESS4 ,!Y TOOK C>E NOT TO SAY ?AT IT WAS PRECISELY !Y :O1 V]Y 0SUBJECTIVELY01 TOOK AWAY FROM ! ,AN>*I/S -- & FROM ! MASSES -- ! LA/ *ANCE1 ! V]Y REAL MEANS1 & ! CONCRETE POSSIBILITY ( SUCCESS4 

,9 WIP+ \T ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T1 9 DE/ROY+ ! FREE MOVEM5TS ( ! MASSES1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 IPSO FACTO1 /OPP$ & /IFL$ ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,UNABLE TO ADVANCE FUR!R T[>DS ! REAL EMANCIPATION ( ! MASSES1 = :I* HAD BE5 SUB/ITUT$ A DOM9AT+ /ATISM1 9EVITABLY BUREAUCRATIC & EXPLOITIVE1 & 0NEO-CAPITALI/01 ! REAL ,REVOLUTION 9EVITABLY HAD TO REC$E4 ,= ALL UNFULFILL$ REVOLUTIONS1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ?OSE :I* DO NOT LEAD TO G5U9E & COMPLETE EMANCIPATION ( LABOR1 >E CONDEMN$ TO REC$E1 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R4 ,HI/ORY TEA*ES US ?IS4 ,& ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION CONFIRMS IT4 ,BUT ?OSE :O DON'T WANT TO LI/5 OR SEE1 >E SL[ TO UND]/& IT4 

,SOME P]SI/ 9 BELIEV+ 9 AN AU?ORIT>IAN REVOLUTION1 :ILE O!RS 5D BY DESPAIR+ ( ALL REVOLUTIONS1 9/EAD ( SEEK+ = ! :Y ( ! FAILURE4 ,/ILL O!RS -- & !SE1 ALAS1 >E ! MO/ NUM]\S -- DON'T WANT TO LI/5 OR LOOK4 ,!Y IMAG9E ?AT !Y WILL BE ABLE TO 0LIVE !IR LIVES0 AWAY FROM & %ELT]$ FROM ! F>-SWEEP+ SOCIAL BACKWAT]S4 ,!Y >E 9DIFF]5T TO ! SOCIAL :OLE1 & SEEK TO 5TR5* !MSELVES 9 !IR [N MIS]ABLE 9DIVIDUAL EXI/5CE1 UNCONSCI\S ( ! 5ORM\S OB/ACLE ?AT !Y PRES5T1 BY !IR ATTITUDE1 TO HUMAN PROGRESS & !IR [N REAL WELL-BE+4 ,!Y BELIEVE ANY?+ & FOLL[ ANY?+ PROVID$ !Y >E 0LEFT 9 PEACE04 ,!Y HOPE ?US TO BE ABLE TO 0SAVE !MSELVES0 9 ! MID/ ( ! CATACLYSM4 ,A FUNDAM5TAL & FATAL ]ROR & ILLUSION4 ,H[EV]1 ! TRU? IS SIMPLE3 SO LONG AS ! LABOR ( MAN IS NOT FREE ( ALL EXPLOITATION BY MAN1 NO ONE CAN SPEAK ( REAL LIFE1 REAL PROGRESS1 OR REAL P]SONAL WELL-BE+4 

,= ?\S&S ( YE>S ?REE PR9CIPAL CONDITIONS HAVE PREV5T$ ! EXI/5CE ( FREE LABOR1 & !RE=E 0FRAT]NITY0 & HUMAN WELL-BE+3  

,! /ATE ( TE*NOLOGY -- MAN DID NOT POSSESS ! VA/ =CES ( ,NATURE ( :I* HE IS N[ MA/]4  

,! /ATE ( ECONOMIC AFFAIRS :I* RESULT$ FROM ?IS -- ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( ! PRODUCTS ( HUMAN LABOR1 &1 AS A CONSEQU5CE1 AN 0EX*ANGE ECONOMY01 MONEY1 PR(IT2 9 %ORT1 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 BAS$ ON ! SC>CITY ( MANUFACTUR$ PRODUCTS4.<#c.>  

,! MORAL FACTOR1 :I*1 9 ITS TURN1 FOLL[$ ! FIR/ TWO -- IGNORANCE1 BRUTALIZATION1 SUBMISSION1 RESIGNATION ( ! MASSES4  
  

,BUT = SEV]AL DECADES ! FIR/ TWO CONDITIONS CIT$ HAVE BE5 GREATLY MODIFI$4 ,TE*NOLOGICALLY & ECONOMICALLY1 FREE LABOR IS N[ NOT ONLY POSSIBLE1 BUT 9DISP5SABLE = ! NORMAL LIFE & EVOLUTION ( MAN4 ,! CAPITALI/ & AU?ORIT>IAN SY/EM CAN NO LONG] 9SURE EI!R ONE OR ! O!R2 IT CAN ONLY PRODUCE W>S4 ,ONLY ! MORALE IS 9ADEQUATE3 ACCU/OM$ = MILL5NIA TO RESIGNATION & SUBMISSION1 ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( M5 WILL NOT SEE ! TRUE PA? :I* IS OP5 BE=E !M2 !Y /ILL DO NOT P]CEIVE ! ACTION :I* HI/ORY IMPOSES ON !M4 ,AS BE=E1 !Y 0FOLL[0 & 0SUBMIT01 L5D+ !IR 5ORM\S 5]GY TO ACTS ( W> & S5SELESS DE/RUCTION1 9/EAD ( REALIZ+ ?AT1 UND] MOD]N CONDITIONS1 !IR FREE CREATIVE ACTIVITY W\LD BE CR[N$ ) SUCCESS4 ,IT WILL BE NECESS>Y ?AT ! =CE ( EV5TS1 W>S1 CALAMITIES ( ALL SORTS1 ABORTIVE & REPEAT$ REVOLUTIONS1 OCCURR+ )\T 9T]RUPTION1 TAK+ FROM !M ALL POSSIBILITY ( LIV+1 F9ALLY WILL OP5 !IR EYES TO ! TRU? & WILL CONSECRATE !IR 5]GY TO REAL HUMAN ACTION1 FREE1 CON/RUCTIVE1 & B5EVOL5T4 

,WE MU/ ADD1 9 PASS+1 ?AT 9 \R TIME1 ! ,REVOLUTION & REACTION WILL1 9 ! CONSEQU5CES1 9EVITABLY BE WORLD-WIDE4 ,MOREOV]1 9 #a<i ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & ! REACTION :I* ,I FOLL[$ IT MADE RES\ND+ E*OES & MOTIVAT$ IMPORTANT MOVEM5TS 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES4 ,IF ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 CONT9U+ TO M>* =W>D1 HAD BECOME ! GREAT EMANCIPAT+ REVOLUTION1 PEOPLES 9 O!R L&S W\LD HAVE FOLL[$ IT PRES5TLY & 9 ! SAME DIRECTION4 ,9 ?AT EV5T IT W\LD HAVE BE51 9 FACT & NOT JU/ ON PAP]1 A P[]FUL BEACON LI<T+ UP ! TRUE PA? = HUMANITY4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 DI/ORT$1 & /OPP$ 9 FULL RETREAT1 IT J S]V$ ADMIRABLY ! PURPOSES ( WORLD REACTION1 :I* WAS AWAIT+ ITS H\R4 7,! GREAT MOGULS ( REACTION >E MORE P]SPICACI\S ?AN ! REVOLUTIONI/S74 ,! ILLUSION1 ! MY?1 ! SLOGANS1 ! TRIMM+S1 & ! WA/E PAP] REMA9$1 BUT REAL LIFE1 :I* HAS NO USE = ILLUSIONS1 TRIMM+S1 & WA/E PAP]1 PURSU$ A :OLLY DIFF]5T R\TE4 ,H5CE ! REACTION & ITS F>-REA*+ CONSEQU5CES3 ,FASCISM1 NEW W>S1 & ECONOMIC & SOCIAL CATA/ROPHES1 BECAME ALMO/ 9EVITABLE4 

,9 ?IS SITUATION1 ! FUNDAM5TAL -- & WELL-KN[N -- ]ROR ( ,L59 IS CURI\S & SUGGE/IVE4 ,HE EXPECT$ A RAPID EXT5SION ( ! 0,COMMUNI/0 REVOLUTION TO O!R C\NTRIES4 ,BUT HIS HOPES W]E 9 VA94 ,H[EV]1 FUNDAM5TALLY1 HE DID NOT DECEIVE HIMSELF3 ! TRUE ,REVOLUTION WILL 0SET FIRE TO ! WORLD04 ,YES1 A TRUE REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE SET ! WORLD AFIRE4 ,ONLY HIS REVOLUTION WAS NOT A TRUE ONE4 ,& ?AT ,L59 DID NOT SEE4 ,IT WAS 9 ?IS RESPECT ?AT HE DECEIV$ HIMSELF4 ,BL9D$ BY HIS /ATI/ DOCTR9E1 FASC9AT$ BY 0VICTORY01 HE DID NOT & C\LD NOT REALIZE ?AT IT WAS A MISC>RI$1 /RAY$ REVOLUTION2 ?AT IT WAS GO+ TO REMA9 /]ILE2 ?AT IT C\LD 0SET FIRE0 TO NO?+1 = IT HAD CEAS$ TO 0BURN0 ITSELF2 ?AT IT HAD LO/ ! P[] ( SPREAD+1 A *>ACT]I/IC ( GREAT CAUSES1 BECAUSE IT HAD CEAS$ TO BE A GREAT CAUSE4 

,C\LD HE SEE1 9 HIS BL9DNESS1 ?AT ?IS REVOLUTION WAS GO+ TO /OP1 RETREAT1 DEG5]ATE1 GIVE RISE TO VICTORI\S REACTION 9 O!R C\NTRIES AFT] A FEW ABORTIVE UPRIS+S8 ,( C\RSE NOT4 ,& HE COMMITT$ A SECOND ]ROR3 ,HE BELIEV$ ?AT ! ULTIMATE FATE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION DEP5D$ UPON ITS EXT5SION TO O!R C\NTRIES4 ,EXACTLY ! OPPOSITE WAS TRUE3 EXT5SION ( ! ,REVOLUTION DEP5D$ UPON ! RESULTS ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,!SE RESULTS BE+ VAGUE & UNC]TA91 ! LABOR+ MASSES ABROAD HESITAT$1 9QUIR$1 WAIT$ = DETAILS4 ,BUT ! 9=MATION & O!R 9DICATIVE ELEM5TS BECAME MORE & MORE OBSCURE & CONTRADICTORY4 ,! 9QUIRIES & DELEGATIONS MET ) NO DEF9ITE DATA4 ,MEAN:ILE ! NEGATIVE TE/IMONIALS .<AB\T :AT WAS HAPP5+ AMONG ! ,RUSSIANS.> ACCUMULAT$4 ,! ,EUROPEAN MASSES TEMPORIZ$1 DID NOT D>E1 W]E MI/RU/FUL OR UN9T]E/$4 ,! NECESS>Y SPIRIT WAS LACK+ 9 !M1 & ! CAUSE REMA9$ 9 D\BT4 ,!N CAME ! DISAGREEM5TS & ! S*ISMS4 ,ALL ?IS PLAY$ 9TO ! H&S ( ! REACTION4 ,IT PREP>$1 ORGANIZ$1 ACT$4 

,L59'S SUCCESSORS HAD TO ACCEPT ! EVID5CE4 ,)\T P]HAPS DISC]N+ ! TRUE CAUSE1 !Y UND]/OOD 9TUITIVELY ?AT CONDITIONS W]E NOT PROPITI\S = AN EXT5SION ( ! 0,COMMUNI/0 ,REVOLUTION1 BUT ?AT !RE WAS A VA/ REACTION AGA9/ IT4 ,!Y UND]/OOD ?AT ?IS REACTION W\LD BE DANG]\S = !M1 = !IR ,REVOLUTION1 SU* AS IT WAS1 C\LD NOT BE IMPOS$ UPON ! WORLD4 ,SO !Y SET FEV]I%LY TO WORK PREP>+ = FUTURE W>S1 H5CE=? 9EVITABLE4 ,FROM N[1 ?IS WAS ! ONLY C\RSE = !M TO FOLL[4 ,& = HI/ORY1 TOO6 

,IT IS CURI\S TO OBS]VE ?AT1 SUBSEQU5TLY1 ! 0,COMMUNI/S0 TRI$ TO EXPLA9 ! LACK ( SUCCESS & MI/AKES ( ! ,REVOLUTION BY 9VOK+ 0! CAPITALI/ 5CIRCLEM5T01 ! 9ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT ( O!R C\NTRIES1 & ! /R5G? ( WORLD REACTION4 ,!Y DID NOT SUSPECT -- OR DID NOT ADMIT -- ?AT ! WEAKNESS ( ! =EIGN WORK]S & ! SPREAD+ ( ! REACTION W]E1 TO A L>GE EXT5T1 ! NATURAL CONSEQU5CES ( ! FALSE R\TE ON :I* !Y !MSELVES HAD PUT ! ,REVOLUTION2 & ?AT1 9 DIV]T+ IT1 !Y !MSELVES HAD PREP>$ ! ROAD = REACTION1 = ,FASCISM1 & = W>4 

,SU* IS ! TRAGIC TRU? ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION4 ,SU* IS ITS PR9CIPAL LESSON = ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD4 ,FUNDAM5TALLY1 IT IS SIMPLE1 CLE>1 & 9DISPUTABLE4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS /ILL NEI!R E/ABLI%$ NOR EV5 KN[N4 ,IT WILL BECOME SO 9 PROPORTION TO EV5TS1 & AS ! FREE /UDY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION DEVELOPS4 

,LET US NOT BE DECEIV$ AB\T ! FATE ( ! COM+ ,REVOLUTION6 ,IT HAS BE=E IT ONLY TWO C\RSES3 EI!R ?AT ( ! G5U9E ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION :I* WILL LEAD TO ! REAL EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S 7& :I* IS OBJECTIVELY POSSIBLE71 OR1 AGA91 ?AT ( ! POLITICAL1 /ATI/1 & AU?ORIT>IAN IMPASSE1 LEAD+ 9EVITABLY TO A NEW REACTION1 NEW W>S1 & CATA/ROPHES ( ALL SORTS4 

,HUMAN EVOLUTION DOES NOT /OP4 ,IT BLAZES A TRAIL ?R\<1 OV]1 OR >\ND ANY OB/ACLES4 ,9 \R DAY1 CAPITALI/1 AU?ORIT>IAN1 & POLITICAL SOCIETY COMPLETELY =BIDS IT 9 ADVANCE4 ,?AT SOCIETY MU/ !RE=E DISAPPE> N[1 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R4 ,IF AGA9 ?IS TIME ! PEOPLE DO NOT KN[ H[ REALLY TO TRANS=M IT & AT ! MOM5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! UNAVOIDABLE CONSEQU5CE WILL BE A NEW REACTION1 A NEW W>1 & T]RIBLE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL CATACLYSMS2 9 %ORT1 ! CONT9UATION ( TOTAL DE/RUCTION1 UNTIL ! PEOPLE UND]/& & ACT ACCORD+LY4 ,=1 9 ?IS CASE1 HUMAN EVOLUTION WILL HAVE NO O!R WAY ( BLAZ+ A TRAIL4.<#d.> 

,WE M5TION F9ALLY AN ELEM5T :I*1 )\T HAV+ ! IMPORTANCE ( ! FACTORS ALREADY CIT$1 NEV]!LESS PLAY$ A NOTABLE ROLE 9 ! TRAG$Y ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT HAS TO DO ) 0PUBLICITY0 OR DEMAGOGY4 ,LIKE ALL POLITICAL P>TIES1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY .<N[ ! 0,COMMUNI/0 ,P>TY.> US$ & ABUS$ SU* MEANS4 ,TO IMPRESS ! MASSES1 TO 0CONQU]0 !M1 IT MADE USE ( DISPLAY1 PUBLICITY1 & BLUFF4 ,MOREOV]1 IT PUT ITSELF1 9 ANY WAY IT C\LD1 ON TOP ( A M\NTA9 SO ?AT ! CR[D C\LD SEE IT1 HE> IT1 & ADMIRE IT4 ,ALL ?IS GAVE IT /R5G? = ! MOM5T4 

,BUT SU* ME?ODS >E =EIGN TO ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T1 :I*1 BY REASON ( ITS V]Y ESS5CE1 IS MORE ANONYM\S1 DISCREET1 MODE/1 QUIET4 ,?IS FACT 9CREAS$ ITS TEMPOR>Y WEAKNESS4 ,REFUS+ TO LEAD ! MASSES1 WORK+ TO AWAK5 !IR CONSCI\SNESS1 & DEP5D+ ON !IR FREE & DIRECT ACTION1 IT WAS OBLIG$ TO R5\NCE DEMAGOGY & WORK 9 ! %AD[S1 PREP>+ = ! FUTURE1 )\T SEEK+ TO IMPOSE AU?ORITY4 

,SU* WAS ITS SITUATION 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,H]E ,I W\LD LIKE TO LEAVE ! FIELD ( CONCRETE FACTS = A FEW M9UTES1 & TO ATTEMPT A %ORT 9CURSION 9TO 0PHILOSOPHICAL0 T]RITORY4 

,! BASIC IDEA ( ,AN>*ISM IS SIMPLE3 NO P>TY1 POLITICAL OR IDEOLOGICAL GR\P1 PLAC$ ABOVE OR \TSIDE ! LABOR+ MASSES TO 0GOV]N0 OR 0GUIDE0 !M EV] SUCCE$S 9 EMANCIPAT+ !M1 EV5 IF IT S9C]ELY DESIRES TO DO SO4 ,EFFECTIVE EMANCIPATION CAN BE A*IEV$ ONLY BY ! DIRECT1 WIDESPREAD1 & 9DEP5D5T ACTION ( ?OSE CONC]N$1 ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 GR\P$1 NOT UND] ! BANN] ( A POLITICAL P>TY OR ( AN IDEOLOGICAL =MATION1 BUT 9 !IR [N CLASS ORGANIZATIONS 7PRODUCTIVE WORK]S' UNIONS1 FACTORY COMMITTEES1 COOP]ATIVES1 ET CET]A7 ON ! BASIS ( CONCRETE ACTION & SELF-GOV]NM5T1 HELP$1 BUT NOT GOV]N$1 BY REVOLUTION>IES WORK+ 9 ! V]Y MID/ (1 & NOT ABOVE ! MASS & ! PR(ESSIONAL1 TE*NICAL1 DEF5SE1 & O!R BRAN*ES4 

,ALL POLITICAL OR IDEOLOGICAL GR\P+ :I* SEEKS TO 0GUIDE0 ! MASSES T[>D !IR EMANCIPATION BY ! POLITICAL OR GOV]NM5TAL R\TE1 >E TAK+ A FALSE TRAIL1 LEAD+ TO FAILURE & 5D+ 9EVITABLY BY 9/ALL+ A NEW SY/EM ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL PRIVILEGES1 ?US GIV+ RISE1 UND] ANO!R ASPECT1 TO A REGIME ( OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION = ! WORK]S -- !RE=E ANO!R V>IETY ( CAPITALISM -- 9/EAD ( HELP+ ! ,REVOLUTION TO DIRECT !M TO !IR EMANCIPATION4 

,?IS !SIS NECESS>ILY LEADS TO ANO!R3 ,! ,AN>*I/ IDEA & ! TRUE EMANCIPAT+ REVOLUTION CANNOT BE A*IEV$ BY ! ,AN>*I/S AS SU*1 BUT ONLY BY ! VA/ MASSES CONC]N$ -- ! ,AN>*I/S1 OR RA!R1 ! REVOLUTION>IES 9 G5]AL1 BE+ CALL$ 9 ONLY TO 5LI<T5 & AID !M UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,IF ! ,AN>*I/S PRET5D$ TO BE ABLE TO A*IEVE ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION BY 0GUID+0 ! MASSES1 SU* A PRET5SION W\LD BE AN ILLUSION1 AS WAS ?AT ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 & = ! SAME REASON4 

,?AT IS NOT ALL4 ,9 VIEW ( ! IMM5SITY -- ONE MI<T SAY ! UNIV]SALITY -- & ! NATURE ( ! TASK1 ! WORK+ CLASS ALONE CANNOT LEAD ! TRUE ,REVOLUTION TO A SATISFACTORY CONCLUSION4 ,IF IT HAS ! PRET5TI\SNESS ( ACT+ ALONE & IMPOS+ ITSELF UPON ! O!R ELEM5TS ( ! POPULATION BY DICTATOR%IP1 & =CIBLY MAK+ !M FOLL[ IT1 IT WILL MEET ) ! SAME FAILURE4 ,ONE MU/ UND]/& NO?+ AB\T SOCIAL PH5OM5A NOR ( ! NATURE ( M5 & ?+S TO BELIEVE ! CONTR>Y4 

,ALSO1 AT ! BEG9N+ ( SU* A /RUGGLE = EFFECTIVE EMANCIPATION1 HI/ORY NECESS>ILY TAKES AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T C\RSE4 

,?REE CONDITIONS >E 9DISP5SABLE -- 9 ! FOLL[+ ORD] ( IMPORTANCE -- = A REVOLUTION TO SUCCE$ CONCLUSIVELY4  

,IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT GREAT MASSES -- MILLIONS ( P]SONS 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES -- DRIV5 BY IMP]ATIVE NECESSITY1 P>TICIPATE 9 IT ( !IR [N FREE WILL4  

,?AT1 BY REASON ( ?IS FACT1 ! MORE ADVANC$ ELEM5TS1 ! REVOLUTIONI/S1 P>T ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ET AL41 DO NOT HAVE REC\RSE TO CO]CIVE MEASURES ( A POLITICAL NATURE4  

,?AT = !SE TWO REASONS1 ! HUGE 0NEUTRAL0 MASS1 C>RI$ )\T COMPULSION BY ! F>-SWEEP+ CURR5T1 BY ! FREE 5?USIASM ( MILLIONS ( HUMANS1 & BY ! FIR/ POSITIVE RESULTS ( ?IS GIGANTIC MOVEM5T1 ACCEPT ( !IR [N FREE WILL ! FAIT ACCOMPLI & COME OV] MORE & MORE TO ! SIDE ( ! TRUE REVOLUTION4  
  

,?US ! A*IEVEM5T ( ! TRUE EMANCIPAT+ REVOLUTION REQUIRES ! ACTIVE P>TICIPATION1 ! /RICT COLLABORATION1 CONSCI\S & )\T RES]VATIONS1 ( MILLIONS ( M5 ( ALL SOCIAL CONDITIONS1 DECLASS$1 UNEMPLOY$1 LEVEL$1 & ?R[N 9TO ! ,REVOLUTION BY ! =CE ( EV5TS4 

,BUT1 9 ORD] ?AT !SE MILLIONS ( M5 BE DRIV5 9TO A PLACE FROM :I* !RE IS NO ESCAPE1 IT IS NECESS>Y ABOVE EV]Y?+ ELSE ?AT ?IS =CE DISLODGE !M FROM ! BEAT5 TRACK ( !IR DAILY EXI/5CE4 ,& = ?IS TO HAPP51 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT ?IS EXI/5CE1 ! EXI/+ SOCIETY ITSELF1 BECOME IMPOSSIBLE2 ?AT IT BE RU9$ FROM TOP TO BOTTOM -- ITS ECONOMY1 ITS SOCIAL REGIME1 ITS POLITICS1 ITS MANN]S1 CU/OMS1 & PREJUDICES4  

,SU* IS ! C\RSE HI/ORY TAKES :5 ! TIMES >E RIPE = ! TRUE REVOLUTION1 = TRUE EMANCIPATION4 

,IT IS H]E ?AT WE T\* UPON ! HE>T ( ! PROBLEM4 

,I ?9K ?AT 9 ,RUSSIA ?IS DE/RUCTION HAD NOT GONE F> 5\<4 ,?US ! POLITICAL IDEA HAD NOT BE5 DE/ROY$1 :I* P]MITT$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO TAKE P[]1 IMPOSE !IR DICTATOR%IP1 & CONSOLIDATE !MSELVES4 ,O!R FALSE PR9CIPLES & PREJUDICES LIKEWISE REMA9$4 

,! DE/RUCTION :I* HAD PREC$$ ! REVOLUTION ( #aiag WAS SUFFICI5T TO /OP ! W> & MODIFY ! =MS ( P[] & CAPITALISM4 ,BUT IT WAS NOT SIZABLE 5\< TO DE/ROY !M 9 !IR V]Y ESS5CE1 TO IMPEL MILLIONS ( M5 TO AB&ON ! FALSE MOD]N SOCIAL PR9CIPLES 7,/ATE1 POLITICS1 P[]1 GOV]NM5T1 ET CET]A7 & ACT !MSELVES ON COMPLETELY NEW BASES1 & HAVE DONE =EV] ) CAPITALISM & P[]1 9 ALL !IR PREVI\S =MS4 

,?IS 9SUFFICI5CY ( DE/RUCTION WAS1 9 MY OP9ION1 ! FUNDAM5TAL CAUSE :I* >RE/$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & L$ TO ITS DE=MATION BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 .<#e.> 

,IT IS H]E ?AT ! 0PHILOSOPHICAL0 QUE/ION >ISES4 

,! FOLL[+ REASON+ APPE>S QUITE PLAUSIBLE3 

0,IF1 TRULY1 ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( ! PRELIM9>Y DE/RUCTION PREV5T$ ! MASSES FROM A*IEV+ !IR REVOLUTION1 ?IS ELEM5T1 9 FACT1 OV]-RIDES & SWEEPS AWAY EV]Y?+1 & EXPLA9S EV]Y?+4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 W]E NOT ! ,BOL%EVIKS RI<T 9 TAK+ P[] & PU%+ ! ,REVOLUTION AS F> AS POSSIBLE1 ?US B>R+ ! WAY TO REACTION8 ,WAS NOT !IR ACTION HI/ORICALLY JU/IFI$1 ) ITS ME?ODS & CONSEQU5CES80 

,TO ?AT ,I REPLY3 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO DEF9E ! PROBLEM4 ,FUNDAM5TALLY1 W]E ! LABOR+ MASSES CAPABLE ( CONT9U+ ! ,REVOLUTION & BUILD+ ! NEW SOCIETY !MSELVES1 BY MEANS ( !IR CLASS ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* W]E CREAT$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION1 & ) ! HELP ( ! REVOLUTIONI/S8 

,! REAL PROBLEM IS !RE4 

,IF ! ANSW] IS NO1 !N ONE CAN UND]/& :Y SOMEONE MI<T TRY TO JU/IFY ! ,BOL%EVIKI1.<#f.> )\T1 H[EV]1 BE+ ABLE TO PRET5D ?AT !IR REVOLUTION WAS ! TRUE REVOLUTION1 OR ?AT !IR PROC$URE WAS JU/IFI$ :]E ! MASSES W]E CAPABLE ( ACT+ BY !MSELVES4 ,BUT IF ! ANSW] IS YES1 !N !Y >E IRREVOCABLY CONDEMN$ 0)\T EXT5UAT+ CIRCUM/ANCES01 :ATEV] ! CIRCUM/ANCES & ! MOM5T>Y MI/AKES ( ! MASSES MAY HAVE BE54 

,9 SPEAK+ ( ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( DE/RUCTION1 WE MEANT BY ?AT ESPECIALLY ! EVIL SURVIVAL ( ! POLITICAL IDEA4 ,?IS NOT HAV+ BE5 NULLIFI$ 9 ADVANCE1 ! MASSES1 VICTORI\S 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#a#g1 5TRU/$ ! FATE ( ! ,REVOLUTION SUBSEQU5TLY TO A P>TY1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 TO NEW MA/]S1 9/EAD ( GETT+ RID ( ALL PRET5D]S1 :ATEV] !IR LABEL1 & TAK+ ! ,REVOLUTION 5TIRELY 9TO !IR [N H&S4 ,?US !Y REPEAT$ ! FUNDAM5TAL ]ROR ( PREVI\S REVOLUTIONS4 ,BUT ?IS ]RONE\S ACT HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! CAPACITY OR 9CAPACITY ( ! MASSES4  

,LET US SUPPOSE = ! MOM5T ?AT !RE HAD BE5 NO ONE TO PR(IT FROM ?AT ]ROR4 ,W\LD ! MASSES HAVE BE5 CAPABLE ( C>RY+ ! ,REVOLUTION TO ITS F9AL GOAL -- TO EFFECTIVE1 COMPLETE EMANCIPATION8 ,TO ?IS QUE/ION ,I REPLY CATEGORICALLY3 ,YES4 ,I EV5 MA9TA9 ?AT ! LABOR+ MASSES W]E ! ONLY ONES CAPABLE ( LEAD+ IT !RE4 ,I HOPE ?AT ! READ] WILL F9D IRREFUTABLE PRO( ( ?AT 9 ?IS WORK4 ,&1 IF ?IS AFFIRMATION IS CORRECT1 !N ! POLITICAL FACTOR WAS NOT 9 ! LEA/ NECESS>Y = PREV5T+ REACTION1 CONT9U+ ! ,REVOLUTION1 & BR++ IT TO A SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION4 

#b4 ,LET US PO9T \T N[ ?AT \R !SIS IS CONFIRM$ BY A SIGNIFICANT FACT1 DETAILS ( :I* WILL BE GIV5 LAT]4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 MANY ,RUSSIANS RECOGNIZ$ !IR ]ROR4 7,! POLITICAL PR9CIPLE BEGAN TO FADE74 ,!Y WANT$ TO CORRECT IT1 TO ACT !MSELVES1 TO GET RID ( ! PRET5TI\S & 9EFFECTUAL GU>DIAN%IP ( ! P>TY 9 P[]4 ,H]E & !RE !Y EV5 SET TO WORK4 ,BUT 9/EAD ( BE+ PLEAS$ ) ?IS1 ( 5C\RAG+ !M1 OR ( HELP+ !M ALONG ?AT C\RSE1 AS TRUE REVOLUTIONI/S W\LD HAVE DONE1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI OPPOS$ ?AT T5D5CY BY UNPREC$5T$ DECEIT1 VIOL5CE1 & A PR(USION ( MILIT>Y & T]RORI/ EXPLOITS4 ,HAV+ DISCOV]$ !IR ]ROR1 ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES WI%$ TO ACT !MSELVES & FELT ?AT !Y W]E CAPABLE OJ DO+ SO4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS BROKE !IR SPIRIT BY =CE4  

#c4 ,IT FOLL[S1 IRREFUTABLY1 ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI DID NOT 0PU% ! ,REVOLUTION AS F> AS POSSIBLE04 ,RETA9+ P[]1 ) ALL ITS =CES & ADVANTAGES1 !Y1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 KEPT IT D[N4 ,&1 SUBSEQU5TLY1 HAV+ TAK5 OV] ! CAPITALI/ PROP]TY1 !Y SUCCE$$1 AFT] A FI]CE /RUGGLE AGA9/ POPUL> TOTAL REVOLUTION1 9 TURN+ IT TO !IR [N ADVANTAGE1 RE/OR+ UND] ANO!R =M ! CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION ( ! MASSES4 7,:]EV] M5 DO NOT WORK UND] CONDITIONS ( FRE$OM1 ! SY/EM IS NECESS>ILY CAPITALI/IC1 ?\< ! =M MAY V>Y74 

#d4 ,?US IT IS CLE> ?AT IT WAS NOT AT ALL A QUE/ION ( JU/IFICATION1 BUT ONLY AN HI/ORICAL EXPLANATION ( ! TRIUMPH ( ,BOL%EVISM OV] ! LIB]T>IAN CONCEPTION 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g4 

#e4 ,IT FOLL[S ALSO ?AT ! REAL 0HI/ORICAL MEAN+0 ( ,BOL%EVISM IS PURELY NEGATIVE4 ,IT IS ANO!R LESSON FROM EXP]I5CE1 DEMON/RAT+ TO ! LABOR+ MASSES H[ NOT TO WAGE A REVOLUTION -- A LESSON :I* COMPLETELY CONDEMNS ! POLITICAL IDEA4 ,UND] ! CONDITIONS EXI/+ .<9 ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#a#g.> SU* A LESSON WAS ALMO/ 9EVITABLE1 BUT NOT AT ALL 9DISP5SABLE4 ,ACT+ 9 ANO!R MANN] 7:I*1 !ORETICALLY1 W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 IMPOSSIBLE71 ! ,BOL%EVIKS C\LD HAVE AVOID$ IT4 ,SO !Y HAVE NO RI<T TO BE PR\D ( !MSELVES1 NOR TO POSE AS SAVIORS4 

#f4 ,?IS LESSON ALSO EMPHASIZES O!R IMPORTANT PO9TS3  

,! HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION ( HUMANITY HAS REA*$ A /AGE :]E CONT9UITY ( PROGRESS REQUIRES FREE LABOR1 EXEMPT FROM ALL SUBMISSION1 FROM ALL CON/RA9T1 FROM ALL EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN4 ,ECONOMICALLY1 TE*NICALLY1 SOCIALLY1 & EV5 MORALLY1 SU* LABOR IS1 FROM N[ ON1 NOT ONLY POSSIBLE BUT HI/ORICALLY 9DISP5SABLE4 ,! 0LEV]0 ( ?IS VA/ SOCIAL TRANS=MATION 7( :I*1 ?R\< SEV]AL DECADES1 WE HAVE BE5 EXP]I5C+ ! TRAGIC CONVULSIONS7 IS ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,TO BE TRULY PROGRESSIVE & 0JU/IFI$0 ?AT REVOLUTION MU/ NECESS>ILY LEAD TO A SY/EM 9 :I* HUMAN LABOR WILL BE EFFECTIVELY & TOTALLY EMANCIPAT$4  

,9 ORD] ?AT ! LABOR+ MASSES MAY PASS FROM SLAVE LABOR TO FREE LABOR1 !Y MU/1 FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 C>RY IT \T !MSELVES1 9 FULL FRE$OM1 9 COMPLETE 9DEP5D5CE4 ,ONLY ON ?IS CONDITION CAN !Y1 CONCRETELY & IMM$IATELY1 TAKE 9 H& ! TASK :I* IS N[ IMPOS$ UPON !M BY HI/ORY -- ! BUILD+ ( A SOCIETY BAS$ ON EMANCIPAT$ LABOR4  
  

,ALL MOD]N REVOLUTIONS :I* >E NOT C>RI$ \T BY ! MASSES !MSELVES WILL NOT LEAD TO ! HI/ORICALLY 9DICAT$ RESULT4 ,SO !Y WILL BE NEI!R PROGRESSIVE NOR 0JU/IFI$0 BUT P]V]T$1 TURN$ FROM !IR TRUE C\RSE1 & F9ALLY LO/4 ,L$ BY NEW MA/]S & GU>DIANS1 AGA9 KEPT FROM ALL 9ITIATIVE & FROM ALL ESS5TIALLY FREE RESPONSIBLE ACTIVITY1 & COMPELL$ AS 9 ! PA/ TO FOLL[ DOCILELY ?IS '0*IEF0 OR ?AT 0GUIDE0 :O HAS IMPOS$ HIMSELF ON !M1 ! LABOR+ MASSES WILL REV]T TO !IR TIME-HONOR$ HABIT ( 0FOLL[+0 & WILL REMA9 AN 0AMORPH\S H]D01 SUBMISSIVE & %ORN4 ,& ! TRUE REVOLUTION SIMPLY WILL NOT BE ACCOMPLI%$4 

#g4 ,( C\RSE IT MI<T /ILL BE SAID TO ME3 

0,SUPPOSE = ! MOM5T ?AT Y\ >E RI<T ON C]TA9 PO9TS4 ,IT IS NONE ! LESS TRUE ?AT1 ?\< ! PRELIM9>Y DE/RUCTION WAS1 9 Y\R OP9ION1 9SUFFICI5T1 ! TOTAL ,REVOLUTION1 9 ! LIB]T>IAN S5SE ( ! T]M1 WAS OBJECTIVELY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY :AT HAPP5$ WAS1 HI/ORICALLY AT LEA/1 9EVITABLE1 & ! LIB]T>IAN IDEA C\LD ONLY HAVE BE5 A UTOPIAN DREAM4 ,ITS UTOPIANISM MI<T HAVE PUT ! :OLE ,REVOLUTION 9 DANG]4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS KNEW ?IS & ACT$ ACCORD+LY4 ,?AT IS !IR JU/IFICATION40 

,! READ] MAY HAVE NOTIC$ ?AT ,I 9V>IABLY SAY3 0ALMO/ 9EVITABLE04 ,I USE 0ALMO/0 DELIB]ATELY4 ,FROM MY P5 ?IS WORD TAKES ON A SPECIAL IMPORTANCE4 

,NATURALLY1 9 PR9CIPLE1 ! G5]AL OBJECTIVE FACTORS \TWEI< ALL O!RS4 ,9 ! PHASE WE >E CONSID]+1 ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( ! PRELIM9>Y DE/RUCTION -- & ! SURVIVAL ( ! POLITICAL PR9CIPLE -- W\LD1 OBJECTIVELY1 LEAD TO ! ACCESSION ( ,BOL%EVISM4 ,BUT 9 ! HUMAN WORLD ! PROBLEM ( 0FACTORS0 BECOMES EXCE$+LY DELICATE4 ,! OBJECTIVE FACTORS DOM9ATE IT1 NOT 9 AN ABSOLUTE MANN]1 BUT ONLY TO A C]TA9 DEGREE1 & ! SUBJECTIVE FACTORS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE4 

,:AT EXACTLY IS ?IS ROLE1 & TO :AT EXT5T IS IT SIGNIFICANT8 ,V,VE DO NOT KN[4 ,! RUDIM5T>Y /ATE ( ! SCI5CES ( MAN DO NOT P]MIT US TO DEF9E .<! TWO ROLES.> PRECISELY4 ,& ! TASK IS ALL ! MORE >DU\S 9 ?AT NEI!R ( ! TWO IS FIX$1 BUT ?AT BO? >E1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 9F9ITELY MOBILE & V>IABLE4 7,?IS PROBLEM IS ONE ( FREE WILL74 ,H[ & TO :AT EXT5T DOES 0DET]M9ISM0 PREVAIL OV] ! 0FREE WILL0 ( MAN8 ,9V]SELY3 9 :AT S5SE & TO :AT DEGREE DOES 0FREE WILL0 EXI/ & H[ DOES IT EXTRICATE ITSELF FROM ! HOLD ( 0DET]M9ISM08 ,9 SPITE ( ! RESE>*ES ( MANY ?9K]S WE /ILL DO NOT KN[4 

,:AT WE DO KN[ P]FECTLY IS ?AT SUBJECTIVE FACTORS HOLD AN IMPORTANT PLACE 9 HUMAN AFFAIRS -- TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT SOMETIMES !Y OV]COME ! APP>5TLY 09EVITABLE0 EFFECTS ( ! OBJECTIVE FACTORS1 ESPECIALLY :5 ! =M] >E CONNECT$ 9 A C]TA9 WAY4 

,LET US CITE A MOD]N EXAMPLE1 /RIK+ & UNIV]SALLY KN[N4 

,9 ! W> ( #a#i#a#d-#a#h1 ,G]MANY1 OBJECTIVELY1 %\LD HAVE DEFEAT$ ,FRANCE4 ,&1 9 FACT1 SC>CELY A MON? AFT] ! BEG9N+ ( HO/ILITIES1 ! ,G]MAN ,>MY WAS UND] ! WALLS ( ,P>IS4 ,ONE AFT] ANO!R1 ! BATTLES W]E LO/ BY ! ,FR5*4 ,FRANCE WAS 0ALMO/ 9EVITABLY0 GO+ TO BE CONQU]$4 7,IF IT HAD BE51 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 EASY TO SAY LAT]1 ) A 0SCI5TIFIC0 MANN]1 ?AT ?IS WAS 0HI/ORICALLY & OBJECTIVELY 9DISP5SABLE074 ,!N !RE OCCURR$ A S]IES ( PURELY SUBJECTIVE DEVELOPM5TS4 ,!Y L9K$ TOGE!R & DE/ROY$ ! EFFECTS ( ! OBJECTIVE FACTORS4 

,TOO CONFID5T ( ! CRU%+ SUP]IORITY ( HIS =CES & C>RI$ AWAY BY ! 5?USIASM ( HIS VICTORI\S TROOPS1 ,G5]AL VON ,KLUCK1 :O COMM&$ ! ,KAIS]'S ,>MY1 NEGLECT$ TO COV] HIS RI<T W+ ADEQUATELY -- ?IS WAS ! FIR/ PURELY SUBJECTIVE FACTOR4 7,ANO!R G5]AL1 OR EV5 VON ,KLUCK AT ANO!R TIME1 MI<T HAVE COV]$ ?AT W+74 

,G5]AL ,GALLI5I1 MILIT>Y COMM&] ( ,P>IS1 OBS]V$ ?IS ]ROR ( VON ,KLUCK1 & PROPOS$ TO ,G5]ALISSIMO ,J(FRE ?AT ! UNCOV]$ W+ BE ATTACK$ ) ALL ! =CES AVAILABLE1 NOTABLY ?OSE ( ! ,P>IS G>RISON4 ,?IS WAS ! SECOND SUBJECTIVE CIRCUM/ANCE -- = IT REQUIR$ ! DISC]NM5T & ! WILL ( ,GALLI5I TO MAKE SU* A RESOLUTION & RISK SU* A RESPONSIBILITY4 ,ANO!R G5]AL -- OR EV5 ,GALLI5I AT ANO!R MOM5T -- MI<T HAVE BE5 NEI!R SO DISC]N+ NOR SO DET]M9$4 

,J(FRE ACCEPT$ ,GALLIDNI'S PLAN & ORD]$ ! ATTACK4 ,?IS WAS ! ?IRD SUBJECTIVE FACT -- = IT NE$$ ! GOOD WILL & O!R MORAL QUALITIES ( ,J(FRE TO ACCEPT ?AT PROPOSAL4 ,ANO!R G5]ALISSIMO1 HAU<TY & JEAL\S ( HIS PR]OGATIVES1 MI<T HAVE REPLI$ TO ,GALLI5I3 0,Y\ >E ! COMM&] 9 ,P>IS4 ,SO T5D TO Y\R [N AFFAIRS & DON'T M$DLE 9 :AT IS NOT )9 Y\R PROV9CE40 

,F9ALLY1 ! /RANGE FACT ?AT ! DISCUSSIONS BETWE5 ,GALLIUM0 & ,J(FRE W]E NOT 9T]CEPT$ BY ! ,G]MAN HI< COMM&1 USUALLY WELL 9=M$ AB\T :AT OCCURR$ ON ! ,FR5* SIDE1 MU/ ALSO BE ADD$ TO ?IS *A9 ( SUBJECTIVE FACTORS1 A *A9 :I* L$ TO ! ,FR5* VICTORY & :I* WAS DECISIVE = ! ISSUES ( ! W>4 

,!MSELVES AW>E ( ! OBJECTIVE IMPROBABILITY ( ?IS VICTORY1 ! ,FR5* *>ACT]IZ$ IT AS 0! MIRACLE ( ! ,M>NE04 ,BUT IT WAS NOT A MIRACLE4 ,IT WAS SIMPLY A RA!R UNUSUAL EV5T1 UNEXPECT$ & 0IMPOND]ABLE01 GR[+ \T ( A GR\P ( SUBJECTIVE FACTORS :I* OV]CAME ! OBJECTIVE ELEM5TS4 

,IT WAS 9 ! SAME S5SE ?AT ,I SAID TO MY COMRADES 9 ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#a#g3 0,A 'MIRACLE' IS NE$$ = ! LIB]T>IAN IDEA TO OV]COME ,BOL%EVISM 9 ?IS REVOLUTION4 ,WE MU/ BELIEVE 9 ?IS MIRACLE & WORK = ITS REALIZATION40 

,BY ?AT ,I MEANT ?AT ONLY AN UN=ESE5 & IMPOND]ABLE PLAY ( SUBJECTIVE FACTORS C\LD MILITATE AGA9/ ! CRU%+ OBJECTIVE WEI<T ( ,BOL%EVISM4 ,?IS DID NOT OCCUR4 ,BUT :AT IS IMPORTANT IS ?AT IT C\LD HAVE OCCURR$4 ,& LET US RECALL ?AT IT ALMO/ OCCURR$ TWICE  -- ONCE AT ! TIME ( ! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+ 9 ,M>*1 #a#i#b#a1 & 9 ! C\RSE ( ! SEV]E FI<T+ BETWE5 ! NEW AU?ORITIES & ! ,AN>*I/ MASSES 9 ! ,UKRA9E 9 #a#i#a#i-#a#i#b#a4 

,?US 9 ! HUMAN WORLD 0ABSOLUTE OBJECTIVE 9EVITABILITY0 DOES NOT EXI/4 ,AT ANY MOM5T PURELY HUMAN1 SUBJECTIVE FACTORS CAN 9T]V5E & OV]RIDE .<ANY SU* AB/RACTION.>4 

,! ,AN>*I/ CONCEPTION1 AS SOLIDLY & 0SCI5TIFICALLY0 E/ABLI%$ AS ?AT ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 7! LATT] CONCEPTION ALSO WAS TREAT$ AS ,UTOPIAN BY ITS OPPON5TS1 ON ! EVE ( ! ,REVOLUTION7 EXI/S4 ,ITS FATE1 9 ! C\RSE ( ! NEXT REVOLUTION1 DEP5DS ON A HI<LY COMPLICAT$ 9T]PLAY ( ALL SORTS ( FACTORS1 OBJECTIVE & SUBJECTIVE1 ! LATT] ESPECIALLY BE+ 9F9ITELY V>I$1 MOBILE1 *ANGEABLE1 UN=ESEEABLE1 & 9TANGIBLE -- A PLAY1 ! RESULT ( :I* CAN NEV] BE 0OBJECTIVELY 9EVITABLE04 

,CONCLUD+ ON ?IS PO9T1 ,I REPEAT ?AT ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( DE/RUCTION WAS ! FUNDAM5TAL CAUSE ( ! TRIUMPH ( ,BOL%EVISM OV] ,AN>*ISM 9 ! #aiag ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ?IS WAS ! CASE1 & ?AT IT IS BE+ DISCUSS$ H]E BECAUSE ! PLAY ( V>I\S O!R FACTORS DID NOT EFFACE EI!R ! CAUSE OR ! EFFECT4 ,BUT IT C\LD HAVE BE5 O!RWISE4 ,& :O KN[S :AT SUBJECTIVE FACTORS PLAY$ A P>T 9 ! TRIUMPH ( ,BOL%EVISM8 

,TO BE SURE1 ! DISCR$IT+ 9 ADVANCE ( ! EVIL POLITICAL *IM]A ( AU?ORIT>IAN 0,COMMUNISM0 W\LD HAVE ASSUR$1 FACILITAT$1 & ACCEL]AT$ ! REALIZATION ( ! LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLE4 ,BUT 9 A G5]AL WAY1 ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( ?IS DISCR$IT+ AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION DID NOT AT ALL SIGNIFY ! 9EVITABLE ECLIPSE ( ,AN>*ISM4 

,! COMPLEX PLAY ( V>I\S FACTORS MAY HAVE UNEXPECT$ RESULTS4 ,IT MAY 5D BY SUPPRESS+ CAUSE & EFFECT4 ,! POLITICAL & AU?ORIT>IAN IDEA1 ! /ATI/ CONCEPTION1 MI<T HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$ 9 ! C\RSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 & ?IS W\LD HAVE LEFT ! FIELD FREE = ! A*IEVEM5T ( ! ,AN>*I/ CONCEPT4  

,LIKE ALL REVOLUTIONS1 ?AT ( #aiag HAD TWO ROADS BE=E IT3  

,?AT ( ! TRUE ,REVOLUTION ( ! MASSES1 LEAD+ DIRECTLY TO !IR COMPLETE EMANCIPATION4 ,IF ?IS ROAD HAD BE5 TAK51 ! PRODIGI\S 5?USIASM & ! DEF9ITIVE RESULT ( SU* A REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE EFFECTIVELY 0%AK5 ! WORLD04 ,PROBABLY ALL REACTION W\LD HAVE BE5 IMPOSSIBLE FROM !N ON2 & ALL DISS5SION AMONG ! SOCIAL MOVEM5TS W\LD HAVE BE5 PREV5T$ 9 ADVANCE BY ! =CE ( ! FAIT ACCOMPLI4 ,F9ALLY1 ! F]M5T :I* FOLL[$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 9 ,EUROPE PROBABLY W\LD HAVE L$ TO ! SAME DEF9ITIVE RESULT4  

,?AT ( ! UNA*IEV$ ,REVOLUTION4 ,9 ?AT CASE1 HI/ORY W\LD HAVE HAD ONLY ONE WAY ( CONT9U+3 RETREAT TO WORLD-WIDE REACTION1 WORLD-WIDE CATA/ROPHE 7W>71 TOTAL DE/RUCTION ( ! EXI/+ SOCIETY1 &1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 RESUMPTION ( ! ,REVOLUTION BY ! MASSES !MSELVES1 ACTUALLY A*IEV+ !IR EMANCIPATION4  
  

,9 PR9CIPLE1 ! TWO ROADS W]E POSSIBLE4 ,BUT ! TOTALITY ( FACTORS PRES5T R5D]$ ! SECOND ROAD MU* MORE PROBABLE4 ,IT WAS ! SECOND1 9 FACT1 ?AT WAS FOLL[$ BY ! #aiag ,REVOLUTION4 

,BUT ! FIR/ IS ! ONE ?AT %\LD BE TAK5 BY ! NEXT REVOLUTION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aidf 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #b#b1 #bag 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/