,9TRODUCTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI 

,TEXT 3 

,WRITT53 E>LY #a#i#b#a2 
,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,PRAVDA1 ,JANU>Y #b#e1 #a#i#b#a4 ,! TEXT WAS BANN$ 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA 9 ,M>* ( #a#i#b#a1 BY RESOLUTION ( ! #a? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY2 
,S\RCE3 ,SOLID>ITY 7,LONDON7 ,PAMPHLET NO4#g1 #a#i#f#a2 TAK5 FROM ! ORIG9AL ,5GLI% PUBLICATION3  ,WORK]S' ,DREADN\<T 7BY ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/71 ,APRIL #bb - ,AUGU/ #a#i1 #a#i#b#a2 
,TRANSLAT$3 FROM ! ,RUSSIAN2 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,CLASS ,AGA9/ ,CLASS _/ ,BRIAN ,BAGG9S2 
,COPYLEFT3 ,KOLLANTAI ,9T]NET ,>*IVE 7M>XI/S4ORG7 #b#b4 ,P]MISSION IS GRANT$ TO COPY &_/OR DI/RIBUTE ?IS DOCUM5T UND] ! T]MS ( ! ,G,N,U ,FREE ,DOCUM5TATION ,LIC5SE4 
   

,I 

,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI'S TEXT ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION WAS WRITT5 9 ,RUSSIAN1 DUR+ ! E>LY WEEKS ( #a#i#b#a4 ,IT WAS AN ATTEMPT TO GIVE A MORE DETAIL$ JU/IFICATION TO ! ,!SES ON ! ,TRADE ,UNION ,QUE/ION1 SUBMITT$ BY ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION = DISCUSSION AT ! #a? ,CONGRESS 7,M>* #a#i#b#a7 ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 7,! ,!SES !MSELVES W]E PUBLI%$ 9 ,PRAVDA ON ,JANU>Y #b#e1 #a#i#b#a74 ,! DOCUM5T WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,5GL& ALMO/ IMM$IATELY1 9 ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/'S ,WORK]S' ,DREADN\<T 7,APRIL #bb - ,AUGU/ #a#i1 #a#i#b#a7 & REPR9T$ 9 ,*ICAGO LAT] ?AT YE>4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 IT WAS CIRCULAT$ AT ! #a? ,CONGRESS1 BUT BANN$ IMM$IATELY AFT]W>DS 7AS P>T ( ! \TLAW+ ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION71 FOLL[+ ! BAN ON ORGANIZ$ FACTIONS :I* HAD BE5 VOT$ AT ?AT ,CONGRESS4 ,SOLID>ITY REPUBLI%$ ,KOLLONTAI'S TEXT 9 #a#i#f#a4 ,! PUBLICATION >\S$ CONSID]ABLE 9T]E/ 7AS JUDG$ BY SALES7 BUT LITTLE COMM5T AT ! TIME4 ,TRANSLATIONS APPE>$ 9 SEV]AL LANGUAGES4 

,DE/AL9ISATION1 ,HUNG>Y '#e#f1 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA '#f#h1 & ! SPREAD ( LEFT-COMMUNI/ IDEAS 9 ! WAKE ( ! /UD5T UNRE/ ( ! #a#i#fS ALL CONTRIBUT$ TO MAK+ ! DEBATE ON ! NATURE ( ! ,SOVIET /ATE MORE VIGOR\S & IMPORTANT4 ,H5CE A SECOND $ITION 9 #a#i#f#h1 & N[ A ?IRD ONE4 
,I,I 

,WE >E NOT REPR9T+ ?IS TEXT BECAUSE WE AGREE ) ! ANALYSIS CONTA9$ 9 IT 79 MANY RESPECTS WE DO NOT1 AS WILL BE MADE CLE> 9 ! RE/ ( ?IS ,9TRODUCTION71 BUT RA!R BECAUSE ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ! TEXT ITSELF 9 RELATION TO ! QUE/ION ( ! CAUSES ( ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 

,MU* MORE IS N[ AVAILABLE ?AN #b YE>S AGO CONC]N+ ! D>K] SIDES ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION BE=E ,L59'S DEA?4 ,DANIELS1 ,AVRI*1 ,VOL9E1 ,BR9TON & O!RS HAVE %ATT]$ ! MY? ( ,/AL9 BE+ MA9LY RESPONSIBLE = ! DEG5]ATION ( A REVOLUTION :I* - ACCORD+ TO ! MY? - HAD REMA9$ FUNDAM5TALLY S\ND UND] ,L59'S LEAD]%IP4 ,EV5 ,TROTSKYI/ HI/ORIANS HAVE HAD TO GIVE UP ! MY? 7SEE ,LIEBMAN'S REC5T ,L59ISM UND] ,L5974 ,! PRE-#a#i#b#c CLOSET HAS TURN$ \T TO CONTA9 AN IMPRESSIVE NUMB] ( SKELETONS4 7,! ,SOLID>ITY FOOTNOTES - WRITT5 9 #aifa - :I* FOLL[ ,KOLLONTAI'S TEXT1 MAY BE USEFUL TO ?OSE NOT ACQUA9T$ ) ! WORKS REF]R$ TO ABOVE2 !Y SUPPLY SOME BASIC 9=MATION ON ! FACTS ,KOLLONTAI REF]S TO1 & !Y />T TO EXPLORE ! ROLE ( ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY & PRACTICE 9 ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,! 9T]E/$ READ] MAY ALSO WANT TO READ ,PAUL ,C>DAN'S PREFACE TO ! ,FR5* TRANSLATION ( ?IS TEXT1 REPUBLI%$ AS A ,SOLID>ITY PAMPHLET3 ,FROM ,BOL%EVISM TO ,BUREAUCRACY47 

,BUT NO?+ CAN SUB/ITUTE = ! FLAVOR ( ! ORIG9AL DOCUM5TS1 TE/IFY+ TO H[ HI/ORICAL EV5TS W]E P]CEIV$ BY !IR CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,KOLLONTAI'S TEXT1 AN ADMIRABLE BL5D ( S]I\SNESS & S>CASM1 ( ANALYSIS & 9VOLVEM5T1 ( CL>ITY & PASSION1 IS PROBABLY ! LIVELIE/ & MO/ 9T]E/+ DOCUM5T %[+ ?AT1 EV5 AMONG LEAD+ ,BOL%EVIKS & AS E>LY AS #a#i#b1 I4E4 NE>LY F\R YE>S BE=E ,L59'S DEA?1 A CONSCI\SNESS WAS SPREAD+ ?AT ! ,P>TY'S POLICIES DID NOT REFLECT ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS3 ! SY/EMATIC VIOLATION ( ! PR9CIPLES ( DEMOCRACY & WORK+ CLASS P[] AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION WAS HAV+ ITS EFFECTS ON MANY RANK-&-FILE MEMB]S & ON A FEW LEAD]S4 

,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION IS AN 9CISIVE CRITIQUE ( ! DEVELOP+ BUREAUCRACY4 ,IT IS A CRITIQUE :I*1 9 SPITE ( A NUMB] ( LIMITATIONS TO BE DISCUSS$ BEL[1 IS F> MORE P5ETRAT+ & RADICAL ?AN ?OSE ( ! V>I\S T5D5CIES 9SIDE ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY :I*1 = ONE REASON OR ANO!R1 W]E - AFT] ,L59'S DEA? - TO OPPOSE ,/AL9'S 0USURPATION0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS FULL ( GLIMPSES ( A DISMAL SITUATION :]E !RE IS NO DEMOCRACY & LITTLE FRE$OM ( OP9ION & CRITICISM2 :]E ! WORK]S HAVE ALREADY BE5 TOTALLY EXPROPRIAT$ ( ALL P[] TO DECIDE 7EV5 ON SMALL ?+S LIKE EQUIPP+ A D9+ ROOM OR ORGANIZ+ A NURS]Y72 :]E ! ,P>TY & ,SOVIET BUREAUCRATS ALREADY 5JOY CONSID]ABLE PRIVILEGES 7SEE ! DISCUSSION ( H\S+72 & :]E COMRADES :O D>E TO DISAGREE ) DECREES FROM ABOVE >E /ILL BE+ P]SECUT$ 7NOTICE ! WORD /ILL1 HAD P]SECUTION ( DISS5T+ COMRADES !N ALREADY BE5 GO+ ON = A LONG TIME874 ,?IS IS A PICTURE USUALLY ASSOCIAT$ ) ,/AL9I/1 RA!R ?AN ,L59I/1 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT IS ALSO 9T]E/+ ?AT ! REM$IES SUGGE/$ BY ,KOLLONTAI CONTA9 SOME DEM&S N[ USUALLY RA!R ASSOCIAT$ ) ! AN>*I/ TRADITION3 DECISIONS %\LD COME FROM BEL[2 P]SONS 9 A POSITION ( P[] %\LD BE ELECT$ BY1 RESPONSIBLE TO1 & REVOCABLE BY1 ?OSE AFFECT$ BY !IR DECISIONS1 ! CREATIVITY ( ! REVOLUTION>IES MU/ BE CONSID]$ ! GREATE/ RES\RCE = ! ADVICE ( ! REVOLUTION1 & MU/ NOT BE /IFL$ BY DELEGAT+ DECISIONS TO BUREAUCRATS1 & SO ON4 
,I,I,I 

,! MA9 9T]E/ ( ?IS TEXT1 !N1 LIES 9 ?AT IT CLE>LY DEMON/RATES ! EXT5T ( BUREAUCRATIZATION ALREADY PRES5T 9 ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#b4 ,BUT !RE IS ANO!R REASON :Y IT IS IMPORTANT3 ?IS TEXT %[S ! 9ABILITY ( EV5 A 'LEFTI/' & 9DEP5D5T ?9K] LIKE ,KOLLONTAI TO P]CEIVE SOME CRUCIAL ASPECTS ( BUREAUCRATIZATION1 ! REASON PROBABLY BE+ H] /ILL L>GELY ,M>XI/ ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK4 ,KOLLONTAI'S ANALYSIS IS V]Y SIMIL> TO 79 FACT1 IT IS PROBABLY ONE ( ! S\RCES (7 ! LAT] !ORIES ATTRIBUT+ ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,P>TY TO UNAVOIDABLE FACTORS LIKE ! BACKW>DNESS ( ,RUSSIA1 ! SMALL RELATIVE SIZE ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,H] DIAGNOSIS ( ! CAUSE ( BUREAUCRATIZATION IS C5T]$ ON ! P5ETRATION ( NON-WORK+-CLASS ELEM5TS 9TO ! ,P>TY3 PEASANTS1 & B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS 7SPECIALI/S & ! LIKE74 ,NON-,BOL%EVIK1 AS %E IS 9 H] FAI? 9 ! WORK+ CLASS & 9 ! PRIMACY ( CLASS OV] ,P>TY1 %E IS /ILL A ,M>XI/ & A ,BOL%EVIK 9 H] BELIEF ?AT ! CLASS ORIG9 ( ! MEMB]S ( A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS ! ONLY RELEVANT FACTOR DET]M9+ ! ORGANIZATION'S POLICIES4 ,! WORK+ CLASS1 ACCORD+ TO H] ANALYSIS1 IS GOOD2 O!R CLASSES >E EVIL2 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY'S BASIC PR9CIPLES >E S\ND1 ITS LEAD]%IP IS REVOLUTION>Y2 IF ! ,P>TY W]E MADE UP ( WORK]S ONLY1 !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ TO WORRY4 ,BUT - SO ! >GUM5T W5T ON - AS ! ,P>TY IS NOT ONLY MADE UP ( WORK]S & C\LD NOT BE1 9 ! ,RUSSIAN CONDITIONS ( ! TIME - ! WORK]S HAD TO PROTECT !MSELVES FROM '!IR' P>TY4 ,?IS1 IT WAS BELIEV$1 C\LD BE A*IEV$ BY EXPELL+ NON-PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS4 ,IT WAS ALSO CONCLUD$ ?AT MORE P[] %\LD BE GIV5 TO ! TRADE UNIONS1 :OSE P]SONNEL COMES FROM ! WORK+ CLASS3 ,!RE1 ! CLASS ATMOSPH]E IS 0?ICK]40 

,BUT FROM ,KOLLONTAI'S TEXT ITSELF IT EM]GES ?AT ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S 7& PRESUMABLY ( CADRES TOO - GIV5 ! LIMIT$ SUCCESS ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN7 DI/RU/$ ! WORK]S1 W]E 9 FAVOR ( ! ,P>TY CONTROLL+ EV]Y?+1 WANT$ 0ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T10 FAVOR$ ! APPO9TM5T PR9CIPLE AS AGA9/ ! ELECTION PR9CIPLE1 & CONCEIV$ ( ! TRADE UNIONS SIMPLY AS ONE MORE CO]CIVE APP>ATUS TO GET ! WORK]S TO WORK H>D]4 ,! CONSI/5CY ( ALL ! POSITIONS ) ! BASIC T5ETS ( ,BOL%EVIK ,M>XISM 7! WORK]S BY !MSELVES CAN ONLY DEVELOP A TRADE UNION CONSCI\SNESS1 ! ,P>TY IS ! COLLECTIVE CONSCI\SNESS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! =CES ( PRODUCTION HAS ABSOLUTE PRIORITY1 ETC4 7 IS 9DISPUTABLE4 ,KOLLONTAI'S PRESCRIPTIONS AM\NT$ TO A REJECTION ( ?OSE T5ETS4 ,?IS REJECTION1 IF EXAM9$ C>EFULLY1 W\LD HAVE COME TO IMPLY ?AT3 

7#a7 ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOP DYNAMICS ( !IR [N1 DEP5D+ ON !IR IDEOLOGY1 /RUCTURE & P[]1 

7#b7 ! IDEOLOGY1 /RUCTURE & P[] ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY WAS EM95TLY FAVORABLE TO BUREAUCRATIZATION1 I4E4 TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( VE/$ 9T]E/S 9 SEEK+ & DEF5D+ PRIVILEGES VIA ! MONOPOLY ( DECISIONAL P[]4 

,BUT !N ,KOLLONTAI W\LD HAVE HAD TO ADMIT ?AT ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY & ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE C\LD !MSELVES - & )9 A FEW MON?S - TURN ! BE/ WORK]S 9TO BUREAUCRATS4 ,BOL%EVISM W\LD HAVE /OOD ACCUS$ ( BE+ ITSELF A CAUSE ( ! DEG5]ATION ( ! REVOLUTION4 
,I,V 

,IT IS D\BTFUL ?AT ,KOLLONTAI HAD REALIZ$ ! MORE G5]AL IMPLICATIONS ( :AT %E WAS >GU+4 ,9 ?IS TEXT1 %E DOES NOT RECOGNIZE ! FACT ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY C\LD 7& DID7 'DEG5]ATE' QUITE AP>T FROM ANY 9FILTRATION'S ( NON-REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS1 ?AT ITS POLICIES1 FROM ! V]Y 9CEPTION ( ! REVOLUTION1 AIM$ AT DEPRIV+ ! WORK]S ( ANY REAL DECISIONAL AU?ORITY1 & ACTIVELY CONTRIBUT$ TO ! WORK]S' RETREAT FROM ! HI/ORICAL /AGE4 

,AGA91 %E %\LD NOT HAVE ID5TIFI$1 AS %E IMPLICITLY DOES1 WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION ) MANAGEM5T BY ! UNIONS4 ,BY #aiba ! ,RUSSIAN UNIONS W]E ALREADY /RONGLY UND] ,P>TY CONTROL1 & ALREADY 9 AN ADVANC$ /AGE ( BUREAUCRATIZATION4 ,AS ,BR9TON HAS %[N 9 DETAIL1 ! ,BOL%EVIK POLICY 9 ! FIR/ YE> OR SO AFT] ! REVOLUTION WAS TO REMOVE ALL QUE/IONS ( 9DU/RIAL MANAGEM5T FROM ! H&S ( AUTONOM\S WORK]S' COMMITTEES & VE/ !M 9 ! H&S ( ! UNIONS OR O!R 0ECONOMIC0 ORGANIZATIONS4 ,AT A LAT] /AGE 7FROM AB\T #aiai ON7 ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E TO %$ EV5 ! PRET5SE ( UNION CONTROL & S\<T FIRMLY TO PLACE ALL MATT]S ( 9DU/RIAL POLICY DIRECTLY 9 ! H&S ( ! ,P>TY4 ,:E!R ,KOLLONTAI & ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION REALIZ$ IT OR NOT1 !IR PROTE/ ON ?IS QUE/ION WAS REALLY ONLY AIM$ AT ?IS SECOND PHASE ( ,BOL%EVIK POLICY4 

,IT CAN OBVI\SLY BE >GU$ ?AT ,KOLLONTAI WAS NOT SPEAK+ H] :OLE M9D1 BUT RA!R MOD]AT+ H] CRITICISMS & DEM&S = TACTICAL REASONS3 %E MU/ HAVE KN[N1 IT C\LD BE >GU$1 ?AT %E WAS S\ND+ ALREADY EXTREMI/ 5\< - ,L591 9 FACT1 ACCUS$ H] TEXT ( PETTY-B\RGEOIS AN>*ISM72 & ?AT ! UNION APP>ATUS1 AL?\< F> FROM IDEAL1 WAS ! ONLY SIGNIFICANT ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE :]E ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION MI<T F9D SUPPORT4 ,BUT ! SUBSEQU5T ACTIONS ( MANY MEMB]S ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION SUGGE/ ?AT !Y W]E NOT MORE RADICAL ?AN ?IS TEXT IMPLIES4 ,!Y W]E READY TO LIMIT1 BUT NOT TO 5DANG]1 ! PRIMACY ( ! ,P>TY1 AS %[N BY ! FACT ?AT MANY ( !M D5\NC$ ! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+ & EV5 F\<T AGA9/ ! SAILORS4 

,?US1 !RE SEEMS TO BE A SIGNIFICANT DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! ,KRON/ADT 'REBELS' & ! ,WORK]S ,OPPOSITION3 ! LATT] DID NOT DEF5D ! RI<T ( O!R P>TIES TO EXI/ 7& !RE=E1 PRESUMABLY1 TO SUPPLANT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY IF DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS SO DECID$74 ,!IR DEMOCRATIC ASPIRATIONS W]E CONSID]ABLY MORE LIMIT$ ?AN ?OSE ( ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS4 ,ALL OPPOSITION HAD TO BE )9 ! ,P>TY4 ,?IS MAY HELP EXPLA9 :Y1 ON ! :OLE1 !Y DO NOT SEEM TO HAVE PUT UP A T\< /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! DECISION TO DISSOLVE !M AS AN ORGANIZ$ GR\P1 & :Y MANY ( !M REMA9$ ,BOL%EVIK TO ! 5D1 9CLUD+ ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI4 
,V 

,\R ,9TRODUCTION TO ! PREVI\S REPR9T CONCLUD$ ) ! FOLL[+ WORDS3 

0,BO? ,EA/ & ,WE/1 ! WORK+ CLASS HAS - DUR+ ! LA/ FIFTY YE>S - GONE ?R\< A TREM5D\S EXP]I5CE3 ! EXP]I5CE ( 'ITS [N' LEAD]%IPS1 9 FACT ( ALL 'LEAD]%IPS' CLAIM+ TO ACT ON ITS BEHALF4 ,& DEEP D[N IT IS BEG9N+ TO DRAW ! LESSONS ( A :OLE HI/ORICAL EPO*4 ,!SE >E ?AT ITS EMANCIPATION WILL ONLY BE A*IEV$ & MA9TA9$ ?R\< ITS [N SU/A9$ EF=TS4 ,OV] A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO ,M>X & ,5GELS WROTE ?AT '! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS ! TASK ( ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF & ?AT ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T WAS ! SELF-CONSCI\S1 9DEP5D5T MOVEM5T ( ! IMM5SE MAJORITY'4 ,9 #aiba ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI & ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION P]CEIV$ SOME ASPECTS ( ?IS ESS5TIAL TRU? ?R\< ! T]RIBLE EXP]I5CE ( ! BUREAUCRATIC C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,TODAY1 AFT] ! OP5 ADMISSIONS ( ! #b? & #b#bND ,CONGRESSES ( ! ,C,P,S,U1 AFT] :AT ! :OLE WORLD WITNESS$ 9 ,HUNG>Y & ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA1 & AFT] ! 9NUM]ABLE & AS YET UNDOCUM5T$ HORRORS ( ! ,/AL9 EPO* 7& ( ! P]IOD IMM$IATELY PREC$+ IT71 IT IS ! TASK ( REVOLUTION>IES TO TAKE A DISPASSIONATE LOOK AT REALITY1 TO DRAW ALL ! LESSONS & FE>LESSLY TO PROCLAIM !M0 

,!SE L9ES NO LONG] SEEM TO BE SATISFACTORY AS A CONCLUSION4 ,!Y REFLECT ! CONC]NS :I* W]E C5TRAL TO ,SOLID>ITY'S ACTIVITY AT ! TIME - NAMELY1 ! EF=T TO P]SUADE REVOLUTION>IES ?AT ! DISDA9 ( DEMOCRACY1 ! CULT ( LEAD]S1 ! MANIPULATORY TACTICS1 :I* ! ,M>XI/ MOVEM5T HAD 9H]IT$ FROM ,/AL9ISM1 HAD !IR ROOTS 9 ,L59ISM ITSELF4 ,?IS TRU? IS N[ MU* MORE WIDELY ACCEPT$1 ESPECIALLY 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES :I* HAVE EXP]I5C$ A RADICAL /UD5T MOVEM5T4 ,! R5EW$ 9T]E/ 9 AN>*ISM1 ! HIPPIES 9 ! ,U,S,A1 ,RUDI ,DUTS*KE 9 ,G]MANY1 ! ,9T]NATIONALS ,SITUATIONNI/E & ,COHN-,B5DIT 9 ,FRANCE1 ! 0METROPOLITAN R$SK9S0 9 #aigg 9 ,ITALY1 JU/ TO GIVE A FEW EXAMPLES1 TE/IFY TO ! SPREAD ( ! REFUSAL ( ,L59ISM 9DE$1 9 MANY CASES1 ( ,M>XISM ITSELF4 ,! SAME HOLDS TRUE = L>GE ACTIONS ( ! WOM5'S MOVEM5T4 

,AS WE \RSELVES DEVELOP$ AN 9CREAS+LY CRITICAL ATTITUDE T[>DS ,M>XISM1 WE C\LD NOT AVOID RECONSID]+ ! ROLE ASSIGN$ BY ,M>XISM TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,\R PRES5T OP9IONS ON ?IS ISSUE >E NOT UNANIM\S4 ,I1 = ONE1 FEEL UNEASY AT ! SIMPLI/IC FAI? 9 ! WORK+ CLASS EXPRESS$ BY ?OSE CONCLUD+ L9ES4 ,!Y FOLL[ ,KOLLONTAI 9 TREAT+ ! WORK]S AS A HOMOG5E\S :OLE1 ALL FUNDAM5TALLY REVOLUTION>Y2 :ILE ! O!R SOCIAL GR\PS1 BY IMPLICATION1 >E CLASSIFI$ AS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4 ,ON ?IS SECOND PO9T1 9 H] [N TIME1 ,KOLLONTAI WAS JU/IFI$ 5\<2 ON ! FIR/1 %E WAS NOT4 ,ALREADY !N1 )9 ! WORK+ CLASS !RE W]E DIVISIONS & HI]>*IES1 ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT ONE BE+ BETWE5 ! OLD]1 POLITICALLY $UCAT$1 SKILL$ WORK]S & ! REC5TLY >RIV$1 UNSKILL$ ONES1 ! LATT] W]E ALMO/ ABS5T FROM ! #a#i#a#g-#a#h ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 & !RE IS EVID5CE ?AT ! SKILL$ WORK]S FELT !Y W]E 5TITL$ TO LEAD]%IP OV] !M1 & ?AT FRICTIONS BETWE5 ! TWO /RATA W]E FREQU5T4 

,! 'LEFT-COMMUNI/' & LIB]T>IAN TRADITIONS SEEM TO HAVE PAID TOO LITTLE ATT5TION TO ! 9T]NAL DIVISION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,YET1 9 TRY+ TO DEF9E ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! FOLL[+ DILEMMA IS 9EVITABLE3 ! MORE ONE TRIES TO M9IMIZE ! 9T]NAL DIVISIONS & DIV]G5T 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! SMALL] ! WORK+ CLASS MU/ BE TAK5 TO BE 7IT IS ONLY HALF A JOKE TO SAY ?AT1 9 ! ,U,S,A1 A HOMOG5E\S WORK+ CLASS )\T PRIVILEG$ /RATA W\LD 9CLUDE BLACK UNSKILL$ WOM5 WORK]S ONLY2 ! L>G] ONE TRIES TO MAKE ! WORK+ CLASS ! MORE EVID5T 9T]NAL CLEAVAGES & CONTRA/S BECOME4 ,EV5 ! BE/ ATTEMPTS TO PROVE ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS IS NOT A M9ORITY ( ! WORK+ POPULATION 7E4G4 ,BRAV]MAN'S ,LABOR & ,MONOPOLY ,CAPITAL1 ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#d7 /OP F> %ORT ( DEMON/RAT+ ITS CAPACITY = POLITICAL UNITY4 ,IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO REF] TO RACIAL DIVISION 9 ! ,U,S,A TO KN[ ?AT HI]>*IES & DIVISION EXI/ )9 ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 BETT]-PAID WORK]S USUALLY BITT]LY OPPOSE R$UCTIONS 9 DIFF]5TIALS4 ,IF UNEMPLOYM5T CAN BE MADE TO FALL ON E?NIC M9ORITIES OR IMMIGRANTS1 RACISM OR NATIONALISM (T5 DEVELOP AMONG ! EMPLOY$ :ITE OR NON- IMMIGRANT WORK]S4 ,! CONCEPT ( 0,LABOR >I/OCRACY10 CRITICIZABLE AS IT MAY BE1 WAS BORN \T ( REAL HI/ORICAL PROBLEMS4 

,!SE DIVISIONS CAUSE SOME P>TS ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO BE LUKEW>M OR COLD AB\T RADICAL /RUGGLES :5 !SE MAY 5DANG] SOME ( !IR [N PRIVILEGES 7SMALL AS !SE MAY BE71 & RESI/ RADICAL IDEOLOGIES :I* CRITICIZE !SE PRIVILEGES4 ,! VE/$ 9T]E/S ( SOME SECTIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS SURELY HAD A ROLE 9 ! BIR? ( SO MANY WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS & LEAD]%IPS :I* LOOK ABOM9ABLE TO A LIB]T>IAN4 ,& 9 SO F> AS !SE DIVISIONS >E ! RESULT ( CONSCI\S ACTION BY ! CAPITALI/S TO DIVIDE & RULE 7= 9/ANCE ! CONSCI\S FO/]+ ( ,PAKI-BA%+1 OR ( HI]>*IES 9 ! FACTORY1 CREAT$ BY MANAGEM5T1 ) LITTLE OBJECTIVE BASE1 BUT 9T]NALIZ$ BY ! WORK]S7 !Y TE/IFY TO A WEAKNESS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 UNABLE TO PREV5T ! DIVISION FROM BECOM+ E/ABLI%$ & P]MEAT+ ITS WAY ( ?9K+4 ,CONSID]+ !SE WEAKNESSES1 ONE %\LD NOT BE SURPRISE TO DISCOV] ?AT MANY WORK]S HAVE 9T]NALIZ$ CONS]VATIVE VALUES & MODES ( BEHAVIOR1 & ?AT MANY HAVE OPT$ = SECTIONAL /RUGGLES RA!R ?AN /RUGGLES = ! BETT]M5T ( ! :OLE CLASS3 ) ! CONSEQU5T DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIVIDUALISM1 CYNICISM1 SOMETIMES RACISM1 ETC4 ,MORE FREQU5TLY1 ONE %\LD EXPECT TO F9D A S5SE ( IMPOT5CE1 A FATALI/IC PESSIMISM4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 REALITY (T5 CONFIRMS !SE EXPECTATIONS4 

,LUCKILY1 !ORETICAL ANALYSIS & REC5T /RUGGLES CONV]GE 9 DEMON/RAT+ ! 9CREAS+ IMPORTANCE ( CONC]NS :I* >E NOT SPECIFIC TO ! TRADE 0TRADITIONAL0 WORK+ CLASS PR$ICAM5T 7& ON :I*1 BY ! WAY1 ,M>XISM HAS V]Y LITTLE TO SAY73 SEXISM1 BUREAUCRACY1 AU?ORIT>IANISM1 RACISM1 NATIONALISM1 UNFRE$OM ,EA/ & ,WE/1 ETC4 7IT %\LD BE CLE> :Y MANY Y\NG WORK]S DO NOT SEE !MSELVES AS P>T ( ! WORK+ CLASS3 !Y DO NOT FEEL ?AT BE+ A WORK] IS ! C5TRAL1 DEF9+ ELEM5T ( !IR P]SONALITIES74 ,!RE IS NO REASON :Y RADICAL /RUGGLES ON !SE TOPICS %\LD MOBILIZE ONLY OR MA9LY WORK]S 7SO F>1 9 FACT1 !Y HAVE NOT74 ,!Y CAN 7AS 9 ,MAY #fh 9 ,FRANCE7 ACT AS A CATALY/1 DECREASE ! ECONOMI/ & CORPORATION ( WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLES1 & FAVOR A RETURN TO MORE RADICAL ASPIRATIONS CONC]N+ WORK TOO2 BUT !Y >E ALSO IMPORTANT 9 !MSELVES - PRECISELY BECAUSE WORK & PRODUCTION >E ONLY ONE ( ! REALMS ( SOCIAL LIFE :I* NE$ REVOLUTIONIZ+4 

,SO1 UNQUALIFI$ REF]5CES TO ! TRADITIONAL BELIEF 9 0! REVOLUTION>Y ROLE & REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ! WORK+ CLASS0 >E NOT ONLY LACK+ 9 A SOLID !ORETICAL BASE1 BUT >E ALSO DANG]\S4 ,!Y NURTURE AN UNJU/IFI$ OPTIMISM ON ! /R5G? & UNITY ( ! WORK]S4 ,& ) IT !Y BRE$ MY?ICAL HOPES ) CONSEQU5T WA/E ( 5]GIES1 DISILLUSIONM5T1 DESPAIR1 ETC42 !Y FAVOR A LACK ( CRITICAL ATTITUDE T[>DS ! NEGATIVE SIDES ( WORK]S' CULTURE & ACTIVITY 7OR PASSIVITY72 !Y DECREASE ! 9C5TIVE TO LOOK = ! CAUSES ( ! WORK]S' WEAKNESSES & = WAYS ( FI<T+ !M4 ,P]HAPS EV5 MORE DANG]\S1 !Y FAVOR A DISDA9 OR \TRI<T OPPOSITION T[>DS ! NEW /RUGGLES 7SEXUAL1 ECOLOGICAL1 ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN1 AMONG /UD5TS1 9 PRISONS1 9 M5TAL HOSPITALS1 ETC471 ESPECIALLY :5 WORK]S REMA9 9DIFF]5T OR HO/ILE TO !M 7H[ MANY MILITANTS OR RANK-&-FILE PAP]S ACTIVELY FI<T ! REPRESSION ( HOMOSEXUALS AMONG WORK]S874 ,&1 AT A MORE SUBTLE LEVEL1 BY EXTOLL+ WORK]S BECAUSE !Y >E WORK]S1 !Y RISK RE9=C+ ! CAPITALI/ MORALITY ( PRODUCTIVITY - ( WORK AS ! ESS5CE ( HUMANITY & H5CE BO? A DUTY & SOME?+ M]ITORI\S4 ,ONE %\LD RA!R TRY TO SPREAD ! REFUSAL ( WORK & ( ! WORK E?IC1 A HATR$ ( WORK AS IT IS AT ,PRES5T4 

,ONE TASK ( REVOLUTION>IES REMA9S 0TO TAKE A DISPASSIONATE LOOK AT REALITY1 TO DRAW ALL ! LESSONS & FE>LESSLY TO PROCLAIM !M40 ,! PROVISIONAL CONCLUSIONS ( ATTEMPT+ TO DO SO SEEM TO BE ?AT RADICAL ?\<T1 N[ADAYS1 HAS NO SIMPLE =MULAS1 NO CLE> ALLIES4 ,NO ONE1 & NO SOCIAL GR\P1 IS 5TITL$ TO A PRIVILEG$ ROLE4 ,BUT ! O!R SIDE ( ?IS SITUATION IS ?AT OPPOSITION TO PRES5T SOCIETY IS WIDESPREAD 9 MANY MORE /RATA & GR\PS ?AN BE=E4 0,! POSSIBILITIES >E N[ADAYS AT LEA/ AS GREAT AS ! DESPAIR0 ,HORKHEIM] WROTE 9 #a#i#d#c4 ,LET US EXPLORE & EXPLOIT !SE POSSIBILITIES AT US & ! CRACKS 9 ! SOCIAL /RUCTURE :I* \R W$GES CAN WID54 

,!LEME ,AN>RES 
,SOLID>ITY 7,LONDON7 COMM5T 

,T4 ,A4 ASKS COG5T QUE/IONS AB\T 0! WORK+ CLASS'' :I* WE EXPECT TO DISCUSS FUR!R )9 ,SOLID>ITY4 ,AS HE SUGGE/S1 \R PRES5T OP9IONS ON ?IS ISSUE >E NOT UNANIM\S4 ,! FOLL[+ PO9TS HAVE BE5 RAIS$ BY MEMB]S3 
,IS NOT ! DOM9ATION ( ! RUL+ CLASS & !IR SY/EMS OV] \R LIVES MO/ P[]FUL & DIRECT 9 PRODUCTION1 RA!R ?AN 9 $UCATION1 SEXUALITY1 ETC48 ,IF ?IS IS SO1 CAN ! TRANS=MATION ( ! :OLE ( SOCIETY BE A*IEV$ )\T ! TRANS=MATION ( PRODUCTION RELATIONS AS ITS PIVOT1 :ATEV] ! DIFFICULTIES8 ,WE ASK ?IS QUE/ION NOT BECAUSE WE BELIEVE ! DOM9ATION 9 O!R >EAS IS UNIMPORTANT1 OR BECAUSE WE BELIEVE ?AT RADICAL *ANGES 9 !SE >EAS AUTOMATICALLY FOLL[ *ANGES 9 ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,WE ASK IT BECAUSE WE BELIEVE ?AT TO OMIT ALL REF]5CE TO ! ORGANIZATION ( WORK IS TO LEAVE A DANG]\S GAP 9 ! RANGE ( \R CONC]NS4 
,DOES ! POT5TIAL 9FLU5CE ( A SOCIAL GR\P ON EV5TS DEP5D ONLY ON ITS DESIRES OR NUMB]S8 ,OR DOES IT ALSO DEP5D ON H[ C5TRAL A POSITION IT OCCUPIES 9 ! FUNCTION+ ( ! SY/EM8 ,SU* CONSID]ATIONS C\LD ATTRIBUTE KEY ROLES TO P>TS ( ! CON/RUCTIVE_/DE/RUCTIVE WORK+ CLASS4 ,= EXAMPLE WORK]S CONC]N$ 9 ! MA9T5ANCE ( NUCLE> SUBM>9ES C\LD PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 PREV5T+ A W>1 %\LD !Y *OOSE TO DO SO \T ( ALL PROPORTION TO !IR NUMB]S4 ,?IS DOES NOT CONTRADICT ! NE$ = ! COOP]ATION ( A L>GE MAJORITY ( PEOPLE 0WORK+ CLASS0 OR NOT 9 ! TASK ( BUILD+ A NEW SOCIETY4 
,T4 ,A4 REF]S TO 0NEW0 >EAS ( /RUGGLE4 ,BUT >E ! 0NEW0 /RUGGLES ANY LESS DIVID$ BY ! RELATIVE PRIVILEGES ( !IR P>TICIPANTS ?AN ! 0OLD0 ONES8 ,H[ MU* EVID5CE IS !RE1 9 ANY CASE1 ?AT LACK ( PRIVILEGES NECESS>ILY MAKES = RADICALISM8 
,:I* HAS GREAT] POT5TIAL = *ANGE3 ! REFUSAL ( WORK AS SU*1 OR ! DEM& = SOCIALLY USEFUL1 CREATIVE & COOP]ATIVE WORK AS AN IMPORTANT NE$ ( LIFE - ?\< NOT1 ( C\RSE1 ! ONLY NE$ OR NECESS>ILY ! MA9 ONE8 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #d1 #bba 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/