,! ,WORK]'S ,%>E ( ,>T 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 0,! ,WORK]'S ,%>E ( ,>T10 ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOL ,I1 ,NO4 #c1 ,APRIL #a#h#h#e1 PP4 #a#h-#a#i2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,T$ ,CRAW=D4 

,I CAN IMAG9E SOME ( \R COMRADES SMIL+ BITT]LY AT ! ABOVE TITLE1 & WOND]+ :AT A ,SOCIALI/ J\RNAL CAN HAVE TO DO ) >T2 SO ,I BEG9 BY SAY+ ?AT ,I UND]/& ONLY TOO ?OR\<LY H[ 'UNPRACTICAL' ! SUBJECT IS :ILE ! PRES5T SY/EM ( CAPITAL & WAGES LA/4 ,9DE$ ?AT IS MY TEXT4 

,:AT1 H[EV]1 IS >T8 :5CE DOES IT SPR+8 ,>T IS MAN'S EMBODI$ EXPRESSION ( 9T]E/ 9 ! LIFE ( MAN2 IT SPR+S FROM MAN'S PLEASURE 9 HIS LIFE2 PLEASURE WE MU/ CALL IT1 TAK+ ALL HUMAN LIFE TOGE!R1 H[EV] MU* IT MAY BE BROK5 BY ! GRIEF & TR\BLE ( 9DIVIDUALS2 & AS IT IS ! EXPRESSION ( PLEASURE 9 LIFE G5]ALLY1 9 ! MEMORY ( ! DE$S ( ! PA/1 & ! HOPE ( ?OSE ( ! FUTURE1 SO IT IS ESPECIALLY ! EXPRESSION ( MAN'S PLEASURE 9 ! DE$S ( ! PRES5T2 9 HIS WORK4 

,YES1 ?AT MAY WELL SEEM /RANGE TO US AT PRES5T6 ,M5 TO-DAY MAY SEE ! PLEASURE ( UNPRODUCTIVE 5]GY -- 5]GY PUT =? 9 GAMES & SPORTS2 BUT 9 PRODUCTIVE 5]GY -- 9 ! TASK :I* MU/ BE F9I%$ BE=E WE CAN EAT1 ! TASK :I* WILL BEG9 AGA9 TO-MORR[1 & MANY A TO-MORR[ )\T *ANGE OR 5D TILL WE >E 5D$ -- PLEASURE 9 ?AT8 

,YET ,I REPEAT ?AT ! *IEF S\RCE ( >T IS MAN'S PLEASURE 9 HIS DAILY NECESS>Y WORK1 :I* EXPRESSES ITSELF & IS EMBODI$ 9 ?AT WORK ITSELF2 NO?+ ELSE CAN MAKE ! COMMON SURR\ND+S ( LIFE BEAUTIFUL1 & :5EV] !Y >E BEAUTIFUL IT IS A SIGN ?AT M5'S WORK HAS PLEASURE 9 IT1 H[EV] !Y MAY SUFF] O!RWISE4 ,IT IS ! LACK ( ?IS PLEASURE 9 DAILY WORK :I* HAS MADE \R T[NS & HABITATIONS SORDID & HIDE\S1 9SULTS TO ! BEAUTY ( ! E>? :I* !Y DISFIGURE1 & ALL ! ACCESSORIES ( LIFE MEAN1 TRIVIAL1 UGLY -- 9 A WORD1 VULG>4 ,T]RIBLE AS ?IS IS TO 5DURE 9 ! PRES5T1 !RE IS A HOPE 9 IT = ! FUTURE2 = SURELY IT IS BUT JU/ ?AT \TW>D UGL9ESS & DISGRACE %\LD BE ! RESULT ( ! SLAV]Y & MIS]Y ( ! PEOPLE2 & ?AT SLAV]Y & MIS]Y ONCE *ANG$1 IT IS BUT REASONABLE TO EXPECT ?AT EXT]NAL UGL9ESS WILL GIVE PLACE TO BEAUTY1 ! SIGN ( FREE & HAPPY WORK4 

,MEANTIME1 BE SURE ?AT NO?+ ELSE WILL PRODUCE EV5 A REASONABLE SEMBLANCE ( >T2 =1 ?9K ( IT6 ! WORK]S1 BY MEANS ( :OSE H&S ! MASS ( >T MU/ BE MADE1 >E =C$ BY ! COMM]CIAL SY/EM TO LIVE1 EV5 AT ! BE/1 9 PLACES SO SQUALID & HIDE\S ?AT NO ONE C\LD LIVE 9 !M & KEEP HIS SANITY )\T LOS+ ALL S5SE ( BEAUTY & 5JOYM5T ( LIFE4 ,! ADVANCE ( ! 9DU/RIAL >MY UND] ITS 'CAPTA9S ( 9DU/RY' 7SAVE ! M>K67 IS TRAC$1 LIKE ! ADVANCE ( O!R >MIES1 9 ! RU9 ( ! PEACE & LOVEL9ESS ( .<!.> E>?'S SURFACE1 & NATURE1 :O WILL HAVE US LIVE AT ANY CO/1 COMPELS US TO GET US$ TO \R DEGRADATION AT ! EXP5SE ( LOS+ \R MANHOOD1 & PRODUC+ *ILDR5 DOOM$ TO LIVE LESS LIKE M5 ?AN \RSELVES4 ,M5 LIV+ AMID SU* UGL9ESS CANNOT CONCEIVE ( BEAUTY1 &1 !RE=E1 CANNOT EXPRESS IT4 

,NOR IS IT ONLY ! WORK]S :O FEEL ?IS MIS]Y 7& ,I REJOICE OV] ?AT1 AT ANY RATE74 ,! HI<] OR MORE 9TELLECTUAL >TS SUFF] ) ! 9DU/RIAL ONES4 ,! >TI/S1 ! AIM ( :OSE LIVES IT IS TO PRODUCE BEAUTY & 9T]E/1 >E DEPRIV$ ( ! MAT]IALS = !IR WORKS 9 REAL LIFE1 S9CE ALL >\ND !M IS UGLY & VULG>4 ,!Y >E DRIV5 9TO SEEK+ !IR MAT]IALS 9 ! IMAG9ATIONS ( PA/ AGES1 OR 9TO GIV+ ! LIE TO !IR [N S5SE ( BEAUTY & KN[L$GE ( IT BY S5TIM5TALIZ+ & FALSIFY+ ! LIFE :I* GOES ON >\ND !M2 & SO1 9 SPITE ( ALL !IR TAL5T1 9TELLECT & 5?USIASM1 PRODUCE LITTLE :I* IS NOT CONTEMPTIBLE :5 MAT*$ AGA9/ ! WORKS ( ! NONCOMM]CIAL AGES4 ,NOR MU/ WE =GET ?AT :ATEV] IS PRODUC$ ?AT IS WOR? ANY?+ IS ! WORK ( M5 :O >E 9 REBELLION AGA9/ ! CORRUPT SOCIETY ( TO-DAY -- REBELLION SOMETIMES OP51 SOMETIMES VEIL$ UND] CYNICISM1 BUT BY :I* 9 ANY CASE LIVES >E WA/$ 9 A /RUGGLE TOO (T5 VA91 AGA9/ !IR FELL[-M51 :I* \<T TO BE US$ = ! EX]CISE ( SPECIAL GIFTS = ! B5EFIT ( ! WORLD4 

,HI< & L[1 !RE=E1 SLAVEHOLD]S & SLAVES1 WE LACK BEAUTY 9 \R LIVES1 OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 MAN-LIKE PLEASURE4 ,?IS ABS5CE ( PLEASURE IS ! SECOND GIFT TO ! WORLD :I* ! DEVELOPM5T ( COMM]CIALISM HAS ADD$ TO ITS FIR/ GIFT ( A PROP]TILESS PROLET>IAT4 ,NO?+ ELSE BUT ! GR9D+ ( ?IS IRON SY/EM C\LD HAVE R$UC$ ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD TO VULG>ITY4 ,! !ORY ?AT >T IS SICK BECAUSE PEOPLE HAVE TURN$ !IR ATT5TION TO SCI5CE IS )\T F\NDATION4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT SCI5CE IS ALL[$ TO LIVE BECAUSE PR(IT CAN BE MADE ( H]1 & M51 :O MU/ F9D SOME \TLET = !IR 5]GIES1 TURN TO H]1 S9CE %E EXI/S1 ?\< ONLY AS ! SLAVE 7BUT N[ ! REBELLI\S SLAVE7 ( CAPITAL2 :]EAS :5 >T IS FAIRLY 9 ! CLUT* ( PR(IT-GR9D+ %E DIES1 & LEAVES BEH9D H] BUT H] PHANTOM ( %AM >T AS ! FUTILE SLAVE ( ! CAPITALI/4 

,/RANGE AS IT MAY SEEM1 !RE=E1 TO SOME PEOPLE1 IT IS AS TRUE AS /RANGE1 ?AT ,SOCIALISM1 :I* HAS BE5 COMMONLY SUPPOS$ TO T5D TO M]E ,UTILIT>IANISM1 IS ! ONLY HOPE ( ! >TS4 ,IT MAY BE1 9DE$1 ?AT TILL ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS FULLY ACCOMPLI%$1 & P]HAPS = A LITTLE :ILE AFT]W>DS1 M5'S SURR\ND+S MAY GO ON GETT+ PLA9]1 GRIMM]1 & B>]4 ,I SAY = A LITTLE :ILE AFT]W>DS1 BECAUSE IT MAY TAKE M5 SOME TIME TO %AKE (F ! HABITS ( P5URY ON ! ONE H& & 9ANE LUXURY ON ! O!R1 :I* HAVE BE5 =C$ ON !M BY COMM]CIALISM4 ,BUT EV5 9 ?AT !RE IS HOPE2 = IT IS AT LEA/ POSSIBLE ?AT ALL ! OLD SUP]/ITIONS & CONV5TIONALITIES ( >T HAVE GOT TO BE SWEPT AWAY BE=E >T CAN BE BORN AGA92 ?AT BE=E ?AT NEW BIR? WE %ALL HAVE TO BE LEFT B>E ( EV]Y?+ ?AT HAS BE5 CALL$ >T2 ?AT WE %ALL HAVE NO?+ LEFT US BUT ! MAT]IALS ( >T1 ?AT IS ! HUMAN RACE ) ITS ASPIRATIONS & PASSIONS & ITS HOME1 ! E>?2 ON :I* MAT]IALS WE %ALL HAVE TO USE !SE TOOLS1 LEISURE & DESIRE4 

,YET1 ?\< ?AT MAY BE1 IT IS NOT LIKELY ?AT WE %ALL QUITE RECOGNIZE IT2 IT IS PROBABLE ?AT IT WILL COME SO GRADUALLY ?AT IT WILL NOT BE OBVI\S TO \R EYES4 ,MAYBE1 9DE$1 >T IS SICK TO DEA? EV5 N[1 & NO?+ BUT ITS ALREADY HALF-DEAD BODY IS LEFT UPON ! E>?3 BUT ALSO1 MAY WE NOT HOPE ?AT WE %ALL NOT HAVE TO WAIT = ! NEW BIR? ( >T TILL WE ATTA9 ! PEACE ( ! REALIZ$ ,NEW ,ORD]8 ,IS IT NOT AT LEA/ POSSIBLE1 ON ! O!R H&1 ?AT :AT WILL GIVE ! DEA?-BL[ TO ! VULG>ITY ( LIFE :I* 5WRAPS US ALL N[ WILL BE ! GREAT TRAG$Y ( ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 & ?AT ! WORK] WILL !N ONCE MORE BEG9 TO HAVE A %>E 9 >T1 :5 HE BEG9S TO SEE HIS AIM CLE> BE=E HIM -- HIS AIM ( A %>E ( REAL LIFE = ALL M5 -- & :5 HIS /RUGGLE = ?AT AIM HAS BEGUN8 ,IT IS NOT ! EXCITEM5T ( BATTL+ = A GREAT & WOR?Y 5D :I* IS ! FOE TO >T1 BUT ! DEAD WEI<T ( SORDID1 UNRELIEV$ ANXIETY1 ! ANXIETY = ! DAILY E>N+ ( A WRET*$ PITTANCE BY LABOR DEGRAD+ AT ONCE TO BODY & M9D1 BO? BY ITS EXCESS & BY ITS ME*ANICAL NATURE4 

,9 ANY CASE1 ! LEISURE :I* ,SOCIALISM ABOVE ALL ?+S AIMS AT OBTA9+ = ! WORK] IS ALSO ! V]Y ?+ ?AT BRE$S DESIRE -- DESIRE = BEAUTY1 = KN[L$GE1 = MORE ABUNDANT LIFE1 9 %ORT4 ,ONCE MORE1 ?AT LEISURE & DESIRE >E SURE TO PRODUCE >T1 & )\T !M NO?+ BUT %AM >T1 VOID ( LIFE OR REASON = EXI/5CE1 CAN BE PRODUC$3 !RE=E NOT ONLY ! WORK]1 BUT ! WORLD 9 G5]AL1 WILL HAVE NO %>E 9 >T TILL \R PRES5T COMM]CIAL SOCIETY GIVES PLACE TO REAL SOCIETY -- TO ,SOCIALISM4 ,I KN[ ?IS SUBJECT IS TOO S]I\S & DIFFICULT TO TREAT PROP]LY 9 ONE %ORT >TICLE4 ,I WILL ASK \R READ]S1 !RE=E1 TO CONSID] ?IS AS AN 9TRODUCTION TO ! CONSID]ATION ( ! RELATIONS ( 9DU/RIAL LABOR TO >T4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,! ,WORK]'S ,%>E ( ,>T -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,WORK]'S ,%>E ( ,>T -- ,UPDAT$4 

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