,P>T #b 
,KAUTSKY DISDA9S ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,& N[ TO ! MASS /RIKE4 ,TO EXPLA9 HIS UNEXPECT$ /& AGA9/ ! SLOGAN ( ! MASS /RIKE 9 ! LATE/ ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS CAMPAIGN1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY CREAT$ A :OLE !ORY ( TWO /RATEGIES3 ! 0/RATEGY ( OV]?R[0 & ! 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION40 ,N[ ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY GOES A /EP F>!R1 & CON/RUCTS AD HOC YET ANO!R :OLE NEW !ORY ( ! CONDITIONS = POLITICAL MASS /RIKES 9 ,RUSSIA & 9 ,G]MANY4 

,HE BEG9S ) G5]AL REFLECTIONS ON ! DECEPTIV5ESS ( HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES1 & H[ PLAUSIBLY ONE CAN1 ) 9SUFFICI5T CAUTION1 F9D APPROPRIATE JU/IFICATION 9 HI/ORY = ALL /RATEGIES1 ME?ODS1 AIMS1 9/ITUTIONS1 & E>?LY ?+S 9 G5]AL4 ,!SE OBS]VATIONS1 ( A H>MLESS NATURE 9 !IR 9ITIAL BREAD? & G5]ALITY1 SOON %[ !IR LESS ?AN H>MLESS T5D5CY & PURPOSE 9 ?IS =MULATION3 ?AT IT IS 0ESPECIALLY DANG]\S TO APPEAL TO REVOLUTION>Y EXAMPLES40 ,!SE W>N+S1 9 SPIRIT SOME:AT REM9ISC5T ( ,COMRADE ,FROHME'S FA!RLY ADMONITIONS1 >E DIRECT$ SPECIFICALLY AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION .<( #a#i#e.>4 ,!REUPON FOLL[S A !ORY 9T5D$ TO %[ & PROVE ! TOTAL ANTI!SIS ( ,RUSSIA & ,G]MANY3 ,RUSSIA1 :]E CONDITIONS = ! MASS /RIKE EXI/ & ,G]MANY1 :]E !Y DO NOT4 

,9 ,RUSSIA WE HAVE ! WEAKE/ GOV]NM5T 9 ! WORLD1 9 ,G]MANY ! /RONGE/2 9 ,RUSSIA AN UNSUCCESSFUL W> ) A SMALL ,ASIAN L&1 9 ,G]MANY ! 0GLORY ( ALMO/ A C5TURY ( CONT9U\S VICTORIES OV] ! /RONGE/ GREAT P[]S 9 ! WORLD40 ,9 ,RUSSIA WE HAVE ECONOMIC BACKW>DNESS & A PEASANTRY :I*1 UNTIL #a#i#e1 BELIEV$ 9 ! ,CZ> LIKE A GOD2 9 ,G]MANY WE HAVE ! HI<E/ ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T1 & ) IT ! CONC5TRAT$ MI<T ( ! C>TELS :I* SUPPRESSES ! WORK+ MASSES ?R\< ! MO/ RU?LESS T]RORISM4 ,9 ,RUSSIA WE HAVE ! TOTAL ABS5CE ( POLITICAL FRE$OM2 9 ,G]MANY WE HAVE POLITICAL FRE$OM :I* PROVIDES ! WORK]S V>I\S 0SAFE0 =MS = !IR PROTE/ & /RUGGLE1 & H5CE !Y 0>E TOTALLY PREOCCUPI$ ) ORGANIZATIONS1 MEET+S1 ! PRESS1 & ELECTIONS ( ALL SORTS40 ,& ! RESULT ( !SE CONTRA/S IS ?IS3 9 ,RUSSIA ! /RIKE WAS ! ONLY POSSIBLE =M ( PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE1 & !RE=E ! /RIKE WAS 9 ITSELF A VICTORY1 EV5 ?\< IT WAS PLANLESS & 9EFFECTUAL - & FUR!R1 BECAUSE /RIKES W]E =BIDD51 EV]Y /RIKE WAS 9 ITSELF A POLITICAL ACT4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE - H]E ! ,G]MAN S*EMA IS EXT5D$ TO ALL ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE - SU* 0AMORPH\S1 PRIMITIVE /RIKES0 HAVE LONG BE5 \TMOD$3 H]E ONE ONLY /RIKES :5 A POSITIVE RESULT CAN BE EXPECT$4 

,! MORAL ( ALL ?IS IS ?AT ! LONG REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD ( MASS /RIKES1 9 :I* ECONOMIC & POLITICAL ACTION1 DEMON/RATION & FI<T+ /RIKES CONT9U\SLY ALT]NATE & >E TRANS=M$ ONE 9TO ! O!R1 IS A SPECIFIC PRODUCT ( ,RUSSIAN BACKW>DNESS4 ,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ,G]MANY1 EV5 A DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE LIKE HE ,RUSSIAN ONES W\LD BE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT1 ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE1 0NOT 9 SPITE1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! HALF-C5TURY OLD SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T40 ,AS A MEANS ( /RUGGLE1 ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE C\LD ONLY EMPLOY$ H]E 9 A S+LE1 F9AL BATTLE 0TO ! DEA?0 - & !RE=E ONLY :5 ! QUE/ION1 = ! PROLET>IAT1 WAS TO CONQU] OR DIE4 

,9 PASS+ ONLY1 ,I WI% TO PO9T \T ?AT ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S DEPICTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN SITUATION IS1 9 ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9TS1 AN ALMO/ TOTAL REV]SAL ( ! TRU?4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTRY DID NOT SUDD5LY BEG9 TO REBEL 9 #a#i#e4 ,FROM ! SO-CALL$ EMANCIPATION ( ! S]FS 9 #a#h#f#a1 ) A S+LE PAUSE BETWE5 #ahhe & #a#h#i#e1 PEASANT UPRIS+S RUN LIKE A R$ ?READ ?R\< ! 9T]NAL HI/ORY ( ,RUSSIA3 UPRIS+S AGA9/ ! L&[N]S AS WELL AS VIOL5T RESI/ANCE TO ! ORGANS ( GOV]NM5T4 ,IT IS ?IS :I* OCCASION$ ! ,M9I/] ( ,9T]IOR'S WELL-KN[N CIRCUL> LETT] ( #ahih :I* PLAC$ ! 5TIRE ,RUSSIAN PEASANTRY UND] M>TIAL LAW4 ,! NEW & EXCEPTIONAL 9 #aie WAS SIMPLY ?AT1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 ! PEASANT MASSES' *RONIC REBELLION TOOK ON POLITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y MEAN+ AS CONCOMITANT & TOTALIZATION ( ! URBAN PROLET>IAT'S GOAL-CONSCI\S1 REVOLUTION>Y CLASS ACTION4 

,EV5 MORE TURN$ >\ND1 IF ?IS IS POSSIBLE1 IS ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S CONCEPTION ( ! QUE/ION'S MA9 PO9T - ! /RIKE & MASS /RIKE ACTIONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT4 ,! PICTURE ( *AOTIC1 0AMORPH\S1 PRIMITIVE /RIKES0 BY ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S - :O /RIKE \T ( BEWILD]M5T1 SIMPLY TO /RIKE1 )\T GOAL OR PLAN1 )\T DEM&S & 0DEF9ITE SUCCESSES0 - IS A BLOOM+ FANTASY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN /RIKES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD EFFECT$ A V]Y RESPECTABLE RAISE 9 WAGES1 BUT ABOVE ALL !Y SUCCE$$ 9 ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY %ORT5+ ! WORK+ DAY TO T5 H\RS1 & 9 MANY CASES TO N9E4 ,) ! MO/ T5ACI\S /RUGGLE1 !Y W]E ABLE TO UPHOLD ! EI<T-H\R DAY = MANY WEEKS 9 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG4 ,!Y WON ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE NOT ONLY = ! WORK]S1 BUT = ! /ATE'S PO/AL & RAILROAD EMPLOYES AS WELL3 & UNTIL ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION GA9$ ! UPP] H&1 !Y DEF5D$ ?IS RI<T FROM ALL ATTACKS4 ,!Y BROKE ! OV]LORD%IP ( ! EMPLOY]S1 & 9 MANY ( ! L>G] 5T]PRISES !Y CREAT$ WORK]S' COMMITTEES TO REGULATE WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,!Y UND]TOOK ! TASK ( ABOLI%+ PIECEWORK1 H\SEHOLD WORK1 NI<T WORK1 FACTORY P5ALTIES1 & ( =C+ /RICT OBS]VANCE ( ,SUNDAYS (F4 

,!SE /RIKES1 FROM :I* PROMIS+ UNION ORGANIZATIONS RAPIDLY SPR\T$ 9 ALMO/ ALL 9DU/RIES ) VIGOR\S LIFE1 & ) SOLID LEAD]%IP1 TREASURIES1 CON/ITUTIONS1 & AN IMPOS+ UNION PRESS - !SE /RIKES1 FROM :I* AS BOLD A CREATION AS ! FAM\S ,/4 ,PET]SBURG ,C\NCIL ( ,WORK]S' ,DELEGATES WAS BORN = UNIFI$ LEAD]%IP ( ! 5TIRE MOVEM5T 9 ! GIANT EMPIRE - !SE ,RUSSIAN /RIKES & MASS /RIKES W]E SO F> FROM BE+ 0AMORPH\S & PRIMITIVE0 ?AT 9 BOLDNESS1 /R5G?1 CLASS SOLID>ITY1 T5ACITY1 MAT]IAL GA9S1 PROGRESSIVE AIMS & ORGANIZATIONAL RESULTS1 !Y C\LD SAFELY BE SET ALONGSIDE ANY 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN0 UNION MOVEM5T4 ,GRANT$1 S9CE ! REVOLUTION'S DEFEAT MO/ ( ! ECONOMIC GA9S1 TOGE!R ) ! POLITICAL ONES1 HAVE LITTLE BY LITTLE BE5 LO/4 ,BUT ?IS PLA9LY DOES NOT ALT] ! *>ACT] :I* ! /RIKES HAD AS LONG AS ! REVOLUTION LA/$4 

,NOT 0ORGANIZ$0 & H5CE 0PLANLESS10 !SE ECONOMIC1 P>TIAL1 & LOCAL CONFLICTS CONT9U\SLY1 0SPONTANE\SLY0 GREW 9TO G5]AL POLITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y MASS /RIKES - FROM :I*1 9 TURN1 FUR!R LOCAL ACTIONS SPR\T$ UP ?ANKS TO ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION & ! POT5TIAL 5]GY ( ! MASSES' CLASS SOLID>ITY4 ,! C\RSE & IMM$IATE \TCOME ( SU* A G5]AL POLITICAL-REVOLUTION>Y ACTION WAS ALSO NOT 0ORGANIZ$0 & ELEM5TAL - AS WILL ALWAYS BE ! CASE 9 MASS MOVEM5TS & /ORMY TIMES4 ,BUT IF1 LIKE ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 ONE WI%ES TO MEASURE ! PROGRESSIVE *>ACT] ( /RIKES & 0RATIONAL /RIKE LEAD]%IP0 BY !IR IMM$IATE SUCCESSES1 ! GREAT P]IOD ( /RIKES 9 ,RUSSIA A*IEV$ RELATIVELY GREAT] ECONOMIC & SOCIAL-POLITICAL SUCCESSES 9 A FEW YE>S ( REVOLUTION ?AN ! ,G]MAN UNION MOVEM5T HAS 9 ! F\R DECADES ( ITS EXI/5CE4 ,& ALL ?IS IS DUE TO NEI!R A SPECIAL H]OISM1 NOR A SPECIAL G5IUS ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT3 IT IS SIMPLY ! MEASURE ( A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD'S QUICK/EP1 AGA9/ ! LEISURELY GAIT ( PEACEFUL DEVELOPM5T )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( B\RGEOIS P>LIAM5T>IANISM4 

,AS ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY SAID 9 HIS ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 #bND $ITION1 P4#f#c3 

,!RE REMA9S ONLY ONE OBJECTION :I* CAN BE1 & H5CE ALL ! MORE FREQU5TLY WILL BE RAIS$ TO ?IS 0REVOLUTION>Y ROMANTICISM03 ?AT ! SITUATION 9 ,RUSSIA PROVES NO?+ = US 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE BECAUSE \R CIRCUM/ANCES >E FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T4 

,NATURALLY1 ,I AM NOT UNAW>E ( ! DIFF]5CES 9 CIRCUM/ANCES3 BUT !Y %\LD NOT1 ON ! O!R H&1 BE EXAGG]AT$4 ,\R ,COMRADE ,LUXEMBURG'S LATE/ PAMPHLET CLE>LY DEMON/RATES ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS HAS NOT FALL5 AS L[ & A*IEV$ AS LITTLE AS IS G5]ALLY ACCEPT$4 ,JU/ AS ! ,5GLI% WORK]S MU/ BREAK !MSELVES ( LOOK+ D[N ON ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT AS A BACKW>D CLASS1 SO WE 9 ,G]MANY MU/ GIVE UP VIEW+ ! ,RUSSIANS 9 ! SAME WAY4 

,& FUR!R ON3 

,AS A POLITICAL FACTOR1 ! ,5GLI% WORK]S TODAY /& EV5 L[] ?AN ! WORK]S ( ! ECONOMICALLY MO/ BACKW>D & POLITICALLY LEA/ FREE ( ,EUROPEAN /ATES3 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT IS !IR LIV+ REVOLUTION>Y ,REASON ?AT GIVES ! ,RUSSIANS !IR GREAT PRACTICAL /R5G?2 & IT WAS !IR R5UNCIATION ( REVOLUTION & SELF-LIMITATION TO IMM$IATE 9T]E/S1 !IR SO-CALL$ 0POLITICAL REALISM10 ?AT MADE ! ,5GLI% A Z]O 9 REAL POLITICS4 

,BUT = ! PRES5T1 LET US SET ASIDE ! ,RUSSIAN SITUATION & TURN TO ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S DEPICTION ( ! ,PRUSSO-,G]MAN SITUATION4 ,/RANGE TO SAY1 H]E TOO WE LE>N ( M>VELS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 IT HAS BE5 UNTIL N[ ! PR]OGATIVE ( ,EA/ ,ELBIAN ,JUNK]DOM TO LIVE BY ! 5NOBL+ CONVICTION ?AT ,PRUSSIA POSSESSES 0! /RONGE/ CONTEMPOR>Y GOV]NM5T40 ,H[ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 ON ! O!R H&1 %\LD 9 ALL S]I\SNESS COME TO ACKN[L$GE A GOV]NM5T TO BE 0! /RONGE/0 :I* 0IS NO?+ BUT A MILIT>Y DESPOTISM EMBELLI%$ ) P>LIAM5T>Y =MS1 ALLOY$ ) A FEUDAL ADMIXTURE1 OBVI\SLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 %OR$ UP ) A BUREAUCRACY & WAT*$ OV] BY ! POLICE0 - ,I F9D ?AT SOME:AT H>D TO GRASP4 ,?AT FOOLI% PICTURE ( MIS]Y1 ! ,BE?MANN-,HOLLWEG 0CAB9ET03 A GOV]NM5T REACTION>Y TO ! BONE & !RE=E )\T A PLAN OR POLITICAL DIRECTION1 ) LACKEYS & BUREAUCRATS 9/EAD ( /ATESM51 ) A :IMSICAL ZIG-ZAG C\RSE2 9T]NALLY ! FOOTBALL ( A VULG> ,JUNK] CLIQUE & ! 9SOL5T 9TRIGUES ( A C\RTLY RABBLE2 9 ITS =EIGN POLICY1 ! FOOTBALL ( A P]SONAL AU?ORITY ACC\NTABLE TO NONE2 ONLY A FEW YE>S AGO ! CONTEMPTIBLE %OE%9E BOY ( ! 0WEAKE/ GOV]NM5T 9 ! WORLD10 ,RUSSIAN ,CZ>ISM2 PROPP$ UP BY AN >MY :I* TO AN 5ORM\S EXT5T CONSI/S ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 ) ! /UPIDE/ DRILL1 ! MO/ 9FAM\S MI/REATM5T ( SOLDI]S 9 ! WORLD - ?IS IS ! 0/RONGE/ CONTEMPOR>Y GOV]NM5T06 ,9 ANY CASE1 A UNIQUE CONTRIBUTION TO ! MAT]IALI/ CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY1 :I* UNTIL N[ HAS NOT D$UC$ ! 0/R5G?0 ( A GOV]NM5T FROM ITS BACKW>DNESS1 HATR$ ( CULTURE1 0SLAVI% OB$I5CE10 & POLICE SPIRIT4 

,BESIDES1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS DONE YET MORE = ?IS 0/RONGE/ GOV]NM5T03 HE HAS EV5 WOO$ H] ) ! 0GLORY ( ALMO/ A C5TURY ( CONT9U\S VICTORIES OV] ! /RONGE/ GREAT P[]S 9 ! WORLD40 ,9 ! VET]ANS' ASSOCIATIONS !Y HAVE LIV$1 UNTIL N[1 SOLELY ON ! 0GLORI\S CAMPAIGN0 ( #a#h#g4 ,TO CON/RUE HIS 0C5TURY0 ( ,PRUSSIAN GLORY1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS APP>5TLY ADD$ 9 ! ,BATTLE ( ,J5A - AS WELL AS ! ,HUNN ,CAMPAIGN 9 ,*9A L$ BY \R ,C\NT ,WALD]SEE1.<,A.> & ,TRO?A'S VICTORY OV] ! ,HOTT5TOT WOM5 & *ILDR5 9 ! ,KALAH>I4.<,B.> 

,BUT AS IT SAYS 9 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S BEAUTIFUL >TICLE ( ,DECEMB] #a#i#f1 ,! ,/ATE ( ! ,REI*1 AT ! 5D ( A LONG & DETAIL$ DESCRIPTION3 

,COMP>+ ! ,REI*'S %9+ \TW>D /ATE AT ITS BEG9N+ ) ! PRES5T SITUATION1 ONE MU/ CONFESS ?AT NEV] HAS A MORE SPL5DID 9H]ITANCE ( MI<T & PRE/IGE BE5 MORE RA%LY SQU&]$ 4441 NEV] 9 ITS HI/ORY HAS ! ,G]MAN ,REI*'S POSITION 9 ! WORLD BE5 WEAK]1 & NEV] HAS A ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T MORE ?\<TLESSLY & WILLFULLY PLAY$ ) FIRE ?AN AT ! PRES5T TIME4 .<,NEUE ,ZEIT1 ,X,X,V1 #a1 P4#d#b#g.> 

,( C\RSE1 AT ?AT TIME ! MA9 ?+ WAS TO PA9T ! %9+ ELECTORAL VICTORY ?AT AWAIT$ US 9 ! #aig ELECTIONS.<,C.> & ! OV]:ELM+ CATA/ROPHES :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 W\LD 9EVITABLY FOLL[ IT - ) ! SAME 9EVITABILITY ) :I* HE N[ HAS !M FOLL[ ! NEXT ,REI*/AG ELECTION4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 FROM HIS DEPICTION ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CONDITIONS 9 ,G]MANY & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY CON/RUCTS A /RIKE POLICY :I* - MEASUR$ AGA9/ REALITY - IS A D[NRI<T A/ONI%+ FANTASY4 0,! WORK]10 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY ASSURES US1 09 ,G]MANY - & ?R\<\T ,WE/]N ,EUROPE AS A :OLE - TAKES UP ! /RIKE AS A MEANS ( /RUGGLE ONLY :5 HE HAS ! PROSPECT ( ATTA9+ DEF9ITE SUCCESSES ) IT4 ,IF !SE SUCCESSES FAIL TO APPE>1 ! /RIKE HAS FAIL$ ITS PURPOSE4 ,) ?IS DISCOV]Y1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS PRON\NC$ A H>% JUDGM5T ON ! PRACTICE ( ,G]MAN & 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN0 UNIONS4 ,= :AT DO ! /RIKE /ATI/ICS 9 ,G]MANY %[ US8 ,( ! #a#i1#g#f#f /RIKES & LOCK\TS WE HAVE HAD1 9 ALL1 FROM #ahi TO #a#i#h1 AN 5TIRE QU>T] 7#b#e4#b P]C5T7 W]E :OLLY UNSUCCESSFUL2 ALMO/ ANO!R QU>T] 7#b#b4#e P]C5T7 W]E ONLY P>TLY SUCCESSFUL2 & LESS ?AN HALF 7#d#i4#e P]C5T7 W]E TOTALLY SUCCESSFUL4 .<,CORRESPOND5CE ,BULLET9 ( ! ,G5]AL ,COMMISSION ( ,G]MAN ,UNIONS1 #a#i#i1 ,NR4#g1 ,/ATI/ICAL ,SUPPLEM5T4.> 

,!SE /ATI/ICS JU/ AS CRASSLY CONTRADICT ! !ORY ( ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY ?AT BECAUSE ( ! EFFECTIVE DEVELOPM5T ( ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS AS WELL AS ! C>TELS1 0! /RUGGLES BETWE5 !SE ORGANIZATIONS LIKEWISE GR[ EV] MORE C5TRALIZ$ & CONC5TRAT$0 & ON ?IS ACC\NT 0EV] MORE 9FREQU5T40 ,9 ! DECADE #ahi ?R\< #a#h#i#i1 WE HAD A TOTAL ( #c1#g#b#b /RIKES & LOCK\TS 9 ,G]MANY2 9 ! N9E YE>S #ai ?R\< #a#i#h1 ! TIME ( GREATE/ GR[? = BO? C>TELS & UNIONS1 WE HAD #a#e1#i#i#d4 ,SO LITTLE >E /RIKES GR[+ 0EV] MORE 9FREQU5T0 ?AT !Y HAVE RA!R GR[N F\R TIMES AS NUM]\S 9 ! LA/ DECADE4 ,& :ILE 9 ! PREVI\S DECADE #d#b#e1#a#d4#b WORK]S TOOK P>T 9 /RIKES1 9 ! LA/ N9E YE>S #a1#g#i1#d#a#e DID3 ONCE AGA9 F\R TIMES AS MANY1 & ?US ON ! AV]AGE APPROXIMATELY ! SAME NUMB] P] /RIKE4 

,ACCORD+ TO ! S*EMA ( ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 ONE QU>T] TO ONE HALF ( ALL !SE UNION /RUGGLES 9 ,G]MANY HAVE 0FAIL$ !IR PURPOSE40 ,BUT EV]Y UNION AGITATOR KN[S V]Y WELL ?AT 0DEF9ITE SUCCESSES0 9 ! =M ( MAT]IAL GA9S ABSOLUTELY >E NOT & CANNOT BE ! SOLE PURPOSE1 ! SOLE DET]M9+ ASPECT 9 ECONOMIC /RUGGLES4 ,9/EAD1 UNION ORGANIZATIONS 09 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE0 >E =C$ /EP BY /EP 9TO A POSITION :I* COMPELS !M TO TAKE UP ! /RUGGLE ) LIMIT$ PROSPECTS ( 0DEF9ITE SUCCESSES03 AS SPECIFICALLY %[N BY ! /ATI/ICS ( PURELY DEF5SIVE /RIKES1 ( :I* A :OLE #c#b4#e P]C5T TURN$ \T COMPLETELY UNSUCCESSFUL4 ,?AT SU* 0UNSUCCESSFUL0 /RIKES HAVE1 NEV]!LESS1 NOT 0FAIL$ !IR PURPOSE02 ?AT ON ! CONTR>Y !Y >E A DIRECT CONDITION ( LIFE = ! DEF5SE ( ! WORK]S' /&>D ( LIV+1 = SU/A9+ ! WORK]S' FI<T+ SPIRIT1 = IMP$+ FUTURE ONSLAU<TS BY ! EMPLOY]S3 !SE >E ! ELEM5T>Y GR\ND RULES ( ,G]MAN UNION PRACTICE4 

,& FUR!R1 IT IS G5]ALLY KN[N ?AT BESIDES A 0DEF9ITE SUCCESS0 9 MAT]IAL GA9S1 & 9DE$ )\T ?IS SUCCESS1 /RIKES 09 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE0 HAVE P]HAPS !IR MO/ IMPORTANT EFFECT AS BEG9N+ PO9TS ( UNION ORGANIZATION3 & IT IS SPECIFICALLY 9 BACKW>D PLACES & H>D-TO-ORGANIZE BRAN*ES ( LABOR ?AT SU* 0UNSUCCESSFUL0 & 0ILL-ADVIS$0 /RIKES >E MO/ COMMON1 FROM :I* OV] & OV] >ISE ! F\NDATIONS ( UNION ORGANIZATION4 ,! HI/ORY ( ! ,VOGTL& TEXTILE WORK]S' /RUGGLES & SUFF]+S1 :OSE MO/ FAM\S *APT] IS ! GREAT ,CRIMMITS*AU /RIKE1.<,D.> IS BUT A S+LE TE/IMONY TO ?IS4 ,! 0/RATEGY0 :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS N[ SET =? IS NOT M]ELY 9CAPABLE ( DIRECT+ A GREAT POLITICAL MASS ACTION1 BUT EV5 A NORMAL UNION MOVEM5T4 

,BUT ! ABOVE-M5TION$ S*EMA = 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN0 /RIKES HAS YET ANO!R GAP+ HOLE - JU/ AT ! PO9T1 9 FACT1 :]E ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE BR+S ! QUE/ION ( ! MASS /RIKE & ?US \R [N PROP] !ME1 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,?AT IS1 ?IS S*EMA 5TIRELY EXCLUDES ! FACT ?AT IT IS JU/ 09 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE0 :]E EV] LONG] MORE VIOL5T /RIKES )\T MU* 0PLAN0 BREAK LIKE AN ELEM5TAL /ORM OV] ?OSE REGIONS :]E A GREAT EXPLOIT$ MASS ( PROLET>IANS /&S OPPOS$ TO ! CONC5TRAT$ RUL+ P[] ( CAPITAL OR ! CAPITALI/IC /ATE3 /RIKES :I* GR[ NOT 0EV] MORE 9FREQU5T0 BUT EV] MORE FREQU5T2 :I* MO/LY 5D )\T ANY 0DEF9ITE SUCCESSES0 AT ALL - BUT 9 SPITE1 OR RA!R JU/ BECAUSE ( ?IS >E ( GREAT] SIGNIFICANCE AS EXPLOSIONS ( A DEEP 9N] CONTRADICTION :I* SPILLS OV] 9TO ! REALM ( POLITICS4 ,!SE >E ! P]IODIC GIANT /RIKES ( ! M9]S 9 ,G]MANY1 9 ,5GL&1 9 ,FRANCE1 9 ,AM]ICA2 !SE >E ! SPONTANE\S MASS /RIKES ( ! F>M WORK]S1 AS !Y HAVE OCCURR$ 9 ,ITALY & 9 ,GALICIA2 & FUR!R1 ! MASS /RIKES ( ! RAILROAD WORK]S :I* BREAK \T N[ 9 ?IS /ATE1 N[ 9 ?AT ONE4 

,AS IT SAYS 9 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S EXCELL5T >TICLE ON ,! ,LESSONS ( ! ,M9]S' ,/RIKE ( #aie 9 ! ,RUHR DI/RICT3 

,9 ?IS WAY ALONE CAN SUB/ANTIAL ADVANCES BE REALIZ$ = ! M9]S4 ,! /RIKE AGA9/ ! M9E [N]S HAS BECOME HOPELESS3 FROM N[ ON ! /RIKE MU/ /EP =W>D AS POLITICAL2 ITS DEM&S1 ITS TACTICS MU/ BE CALCULAT$ TO SET LEGISLATION 9 MOTION 444 

,& ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY CONT9UES3 

,?IS NEW UNION TACTIC ( ! POLITICAL /RIKE1 ( UNIT+ UNION & POLITICAL ACTION1 IS 9 FACT ! ONLY ONE :I* REMA9S POSSIBLE = ! M9]S2 & IT IS ! ONLY ONE C]TA9 TO REANIMATE UNION AS WELL AS P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION1 & TO GIVE HEI<T5$ AGGRESSIVE /R5G? TO BO?4 

,IT C\LD APPE>1 P]HAPS1 ?AT H]E UND] 0POLITICAL ACTION0 WE >E TO UND]/& P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION & NOT POLITICAL MASS /RIKES4 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY DE/ROYS EV]Y D\BT1 DECL>+ PO9T-BLANK3 

,BUT ! GREAT DECISIVE ACTIONS ( ! /RUGGL+ PROLET>IAT WILL BE F\<T \T MORE & MORE ?R\< V>I\S SORTS ( POLITICAL /RIKES4 ,& H]E PRACTICE /RIDES =W>D FA/] ?AN !ORY4 ,= :ILE WE DISCUSS ! POLITICAL /RIKE & SE>* = ITS !ORETICAL =MULATION & CONFIRMATION1 ONE MI<TY POLITICAL MASS /RIKE AFT] ANO!R FLAMES UP ?R\< ! SPONTANE\S COMBU/ION ( ! MASSES - OR RA!R EV]Y MASS /RIKE BECOMES A POLITICAL ACTION1 EV]Y GREAT POLITICAL TE/ ( /R5G? CLIMAXES 9 A MASS /RIKE1 :E!R AMONG ! M9]S1 ! PROLET>IAT ( ,RUSSIA1 ! ,ITALIAN F>M WORK]S & RAIL ROAD WORK]S1 ETC4 .<,NEUE ,ZEIT1 ,X,X,I,I,I1 #a1 PP4#g#h1 #<a - ,R4,L4.> 

,SO WROTE ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY ON ,M>* #a#a1 #a#i#e4 

,H]E WE HAVE 0! SPONTANE\S COMBU/ION ( ! MASSES0 & ! UNION LEAD]%IP1 ECONOMIC /RUGGLE & POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 MASS /RIKES & REVOLUTION1 ,RUSSIA & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 9 ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL CONFUSION1 ALL RUBRICS ( ! S*EMA FUZ$ TOGE!R 9 ! LIV+ 9T]CONNECTION ( A GREAT P]IOD ( FI]CE SOCIAL /ORMS4 

,IT SEEMS ?AT 0!ORY0 DOES NOT M]ELY 0/RIDE =W>D0 MORE SL[LY ?AN PRACTICE3 ALAS1 FROM TIME TO TIME IT ALSO GOES TUMBL+ BACKW>DS4 

,NEXT3 ,P>T #c 

.<,A.> ,9 #ahii ! ANTI-IMP]IALI/ POPUL> UPRIS+ ( ,I ,HO ,*'UAN BROKE \T 9 NOR? ,*9A2 IT WAS BLOODILY SUPPRESS$ BY ! ALLI$ >MIES ( EI<T IMP]IALI/ P[]S UND] SUPREME COMM& ( ! ,G]MAN >MY'S *IEF ( /AFF1 ,ALB]T ,GRAF VON ,WALD]SEE4 ,G]MAN P>TICIPATION BECAME KN[N AS ! 0,HUN ,CAMPAIGN0 ?R\< A SPEE* BY ,KAIS] ,WILHELM ,I,I TO ! DEP>T+ TROOPS ( ! ,*9A EXP$ITION1 :I* ,LUXEMBURG RECALL$ 9 H] SPEE* ( ,MAY #b#g1 #a#i#a#c1 ,! ,WORLD ,POLITICAL ,SITUATION3 0,!N CAME ! ,HUN ,CAMPAIGN 9 ,*9A1 TO :I* ,WILHELM ,I,I S5T ! SOLDI]S ) ! SLOGAN3 ,QU>T] WILL NOT BE GIV51 PRISON]S WILL NOT BE TAK54 ,! SOLDI]S W]E TO WREAK HAVOC LIKE ! ,HUNNS SO ?AT = A ?\S& YE>S NO ,*9ESE W\LD D>E CA/ SQU9T+1 5VI\S EYES ON A ,G]MAN40 ,GESAMMELTE ,W]KE1 ,VOL4#c1 P4#b#a#d4 

.<,B.> ,FROM #aid TO #aig ! ,NAMA1 A ,KHOIKHOI PEOPLE 70,HOTT5TOT0 WAS ! D]OGATORY ,AFRIK&] NAME = ALL ,KHOIKHOI7 & ! ,H]]OS F\<T A GU]RILLA W> AGA9/ ,G]MAN COLONIAL RULE 9 ,NAMIBIA1 !N KN[N AS ,G]MAN ,S\?WE/ ,AFRICA4 ,! UPRIS+ 5D$ ) ! DEVA/AT+ DEFEAT ( !SE PEOPLES1 AFT] :I* ,G]MAN COLONIAL TROOPS W]E EMPLOY$ AGA9/ !M ) ! UTMO/ CRUELTY4 ,LUXEMBURG ANALYZ$ IT 9 H] SPEE* ( ,JUNE #a#d1 #a#i#a#a1 ,\R ,/RUGGLE = ,P[]4 7,SEE ,*APT] #b ( ,RAYA ,DUNAYEVSKAYA'S WORK-9-PROGRESS ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 ,WOM5'S ,LIB]ATION & ,M>X'S ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,REVOLUTION1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,NEWS @& ,LETT]S1 ,APRIL #a#i#h47 

.<,C.> ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS ( #aig BECAME KN[N AS ! 0,HOTT5TOT ELECTIONS0 BECAUSE ! ,*ANCELLOR1 VON ,BUL[1 CAMPAIGN$ ON AN IMP]IALI/ PLAT=M 9T5D$ TO BR& ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS AS TRAITORS4 ,AL?\< ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY RAIS$ ITS TOTAL VOTE C\NT BY ALMO/ #c11 IT LO/ #* SEATS DUE TO ! APPORTIONM5T ( ELECTORAL DI/RICTS & A SECOND BALLOT ALLIANCE ( ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES4 

.<,D.> ,9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#c1 #h1 TEXTILE WORK]S 9 ,CRIMMITS*AU /RUCK = PAY RAISES & A T5-H\R DAY4 ,9 SPITE ( /ATE 9T]V5TION & ! DECREE ( LIMIT$ M>TIAL LAW 9 ,CRIMMITS*AU1 ALL ATTEMPTS TO BREAK ! /RIKE W]E FRU/RAT$ BY ! DET]M9ATION ( ! WORK]S1 :I* WAS /R5G!N$ BY ! SOLID>ITY ( ! ,G]MAN & 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS3 BUT ! 9T]V5TION ( RE=MI/ UNION LEAD]S =C$ !M TO RETURN TO WORK )\T ANY GA9S 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#d4 

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