,P>T #d 
,RUSSIAN DEVELOPM5T CREAT$ ! MASS /RIKE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,9 LI<T ( ! CONCLUSIONS :I* FOLL[ FROM ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S NEWE/ !ORY1 IT N[ BECOMES CLE> -H[ V]Y FALSE1 FROM ! GR\ND UP1 ?IS !ORY IS4 ,TO D]IVE ! MASS /RIKE ACTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 UNP>ALLEL$ 9 ! HI/ORY ( MOD]N CLASS /RUGGLE1 FROM ,RUSSIA'S SOCIAL BACKW>DNESS - 9 O!R WORDS1 TO EXPLA9 ! \T/&+ IMPORTANCE & LEAD+ ROLE ( ! URBAN 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS ,RUSSIAN 0BACKW>DNESS0 - IS TO /& ?+S RI<T ON !IR HEADS4 

,IT WAS NOT ECONOMIC RET>DATION1 BUT PRECISELY ! HI< DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM1 MOD]N 9DU/RY1 & COMM]CE 9 ,RUSSIA :I* MADE ?AT GR&IOSE MASS /RIKE ACTION POSSIBLE1 & :I* CAUS$ IT4 ,IT WAS JU/ BECAUSE ! URBAN 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT WAS ALREADY SO NUM]\S1 CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! GREAT C5T]S1 & SO /RONGLY MOV$ BY CLASS CONSCI\SNESS1 JU/ BECAUSE ! G5U9E MOD]N CAPITALI/ CONTRADICTION HAD PROGRESS$ SO F>1 ?AT ! /RUGGLE = POLITICAL FRE$OM C\LD BE DECISIVELY L$ BY ?IS PROLET>IAT ALONE4 ,BUT BECAUSE ( ?IS IT C\LD BE NO PURELY CON/ITUTIONAL /RUGGLE AFT] ! LIB]AL =MULA1 BUT A G5U9E MOD]N CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ALL ITS BREAD? & DEP?1 FI<T+ = ! ECONOMIC AS WELL AS ! POLITICAL 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S - AGA9/ CAPITAL AS WELL AS ,CZ>ISM1 = ! EI<T-H\R DAY AS WELL AS A DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTION4 ,& ONLY BECAUSE CAPITALI/ 9DU/RY & ! MOD]N MEANS ( COMM]CE B\ND TO IT HAD BECOME A CONDITION ( EXI/5CE = ! /ATE'S ECONOMIC LIFE1 C\LD ! MASS /RIKES ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,RUSSIA REALIZE SU* A /AGG]+1 DECISIVE EFFECT3 ?AT ! REVOLUTION CELEBRAT$ ITS VICTORIES ) !M1 & ) !M W5T D[N 9 DEFEAT & GREW SIL5T4 

,AT ?IS MOM5T ,I CAN ?9K ( NO MORE EXACT =MULATION ( ! FACTORS 9 QUE/ION H]E1 ?AN ?AT :I* ,I GAVE 9 MY PAMPHLET ON ! MASS /RIKE 9 #a#i#f3 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ! MASS /RIKE 9 ,RUSSIA REPRES5TS NOT ! SYN!TIC PRODUCT ( A DELIB]ATE ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC TACTIC1 BUT A NATURAL HI/ORIC FIGURE ON ! GR\ND ( ! PRES5T REVOLUTION4 ,:AT >E ! =CES 9 ,RUSSIA N[ :I* HAVE BR\<T =? ?IS NEW MANIFE/ATION ( REVOLUTION8 

,! IMM$IATE TASK ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS PUTT+ AN 5D TO ABSOLUTISM & E/ABLI%+ A MOD]N B\RGEOIS-P>LIAM5T>Y CON/ITUTIONAL /ATE4 ,=MALLY1 ?IS IS EXACTLY ! SAME TASK FAC$ BY ! ,M>* ,REVOLUTION 9 ,G]MANY & BY ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION 9 ,FRANCE AT ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,BUT ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 ! HI/ORIC MILIEU 9 :I* !SE =MALLY ANALOG\S REVOLUTIONS TOOK PLACE1 >E FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( TODAY'S ,RUSSIA4 ,! DIFF]5CE 9 CIRCUM/ANCES IS ! 5TIRE CYCLE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T :I* HAS RUN BETWE5 ?OSE B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS 9 ! ,WE/ & ! PRES5T B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION 9 ! ,EA/4 ,?AT IS1 ?IS DEVELOPM5T HAS NOT SEIZ$ ! ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN L&S ALONE1 BUT ABSOLUTI/ ,RUSSIA AS WELL4 ,L>GE SCALE 9DU/RY ) ALL ITS CONSEQU5CES - ! MOD]N CLASS DIVISION1 ! GL>+ SOCIAL CONTRA/S1 MOD]N METROPOLITAN LIFE & ! MOD]N PROLET>IAT - HAS BECOME ! LEAD+ =M ( PRODUCTION 9 ,RUSSIA 7I4E41 ! DECISIVE ONE = ITS SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T74 

,BUT FROM ?IS HAS RESULT$ A /RANGE1 CONTRADICTORY HI/ORICAL SITUATION3 ?AT A REVOLUTION :OSE =MAL OBJECTIVES >E B\RGEOIS WILL BE C>RI$ \T UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( A MOD]N1 CLASS-CONSCI\S PROLET>IAT1 & 9 AN 9T]NATIONAL MILIEU :I* /&S UND] ! SIGN ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY'S D[NFALL4 ,N[ ! B\RGEOISIE IS NOT ! LEAD+ REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5T IT WAS 9 ! E>LI] REVOLUTIONS ( ! ,WE/1 :5 ! PROLET>IAN MASS1 DISSOLV$ 9 ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE1 S]V$ AS ITS MILIT>Y LEVIES4 ,ALL IS REV]S$3 ! CLASS-CONSCI\S PROLET>IAT IS ! LEAD+1 DRIV+ ELEM5T2 ! BIG B\RGEOIS /RATA >E 9 P>T DIRECTLY C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y1 9 P>T WEAKLY LIB]AL2 ONLY ! RURAL PETTY B\RGEOISIE1 ALONG ) ! URBAN PETTY B\RGEOIS 9TELLIG5TSIA1 >E DECID$LY OPPOSITIONAL1 9DE$ REVOLUTION>Y M9D$4 ,BUT ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 SO CLE>LY DE/9$ = ! LEAD+ ROLE 9 ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 IS ITSELF FREE FROM ALL ILLUSIONS AB\T B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY - & !RE=E IT 5T]S ! /RUGGLE ) A /RONGLY DEVELOP$ CONSCI\SNESS ( ITS [N SPECIFIC CLASS 9T]E/S 9 ! ACUTELY %>P5$ OPPOSITION ( CAPITAL & LABOR4 

,?IS CONTRADICTORY /ATE ( AFFAIRS IS EXPRESS$ 9 ! FACT ?AT 9 ?IS =MALLY B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY'S OPPOSITION TO ABSOLUTISM WILL BE COMM&$ BY ! PROLET>IAT'S OPPOSITION TO B\RGEOIS SOCIETY2 ?AT ! PROLET>IAT'S /RUGGLE WILL BE SIMULTANE\SLY DIRECT$1 ) EQUAL =CE1 AGA9/ ABSOLUTISM & CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION2 ?AT ! PROGRAM ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE IS DIRECT$1 ) EQUAL EMPHASIS1 T[>D POLITICAL FRE$OM & ! EI<T-H\R DAY1 AS WELL AS A MAT]IAL EXI/5CE = ! PROLET>IAT WOR?Y ( HUMANITY4 ,?IS TWO-FOLD *>ACT] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION MANIFE/S ITSELF 9 ?AT 9N] UNITY & RECIPROCAL ACTION ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL /RUGGLE 9 :I* WE HAVE BE5 9/RUCT$ BY ! EV5TS 9 ,RUSSIA1 & :I* F9DS ITS NATURAL EXPRESSION 9 ! MASS /RIKE 444 

,SO ! MASS /RIKE %[S ITSELF TO BE NO SPECIFICALLY ,RUSSIAN PRODUCT1 >IS+ FROM ABSOLUTISM1 BUT A UNIV]SAL =M ( PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE RESULT+ FROM ! PRES5T /AGE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T & CLASS RELATIONS4 ,FROM ?IS /&PO9T1 ! ?REE B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS - ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,G]MAN ,M>* ,REVOLUTION1 & ! PRES5T ,RUSSIAN ONE - =M AN ON-RUNN+ *A9 ( DEVELOPM5T 9 :I* ! PROSP]ITY & ! 5D ( ! CAPITALI/ C5TURY >E REFLECT$ 444 

,! PRES5T REVOLUTION REALIZES1 9 ! SPECIAL CIRCUM/ANCES ( ABSOLUTI/ ,RUSSIA1 ! UNIV]SAL RESULTS ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T3 & 9 ?IS IT SEEMS LESS A F9AL DESC5DANT ( ! OLD B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS ?AN A =]UNN] ( A NEW S]IES ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTIONS 9 ! ,WE/4 ,JU/ BECAUSE IT HAS SO 9EXCUSABLY DELAY$ ITS B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 ! MO/ BACKW>D L& %[S WAYS & ME?ODS ( EXT5D$ CLASS /RUGGLE = ! PROLET>IAT ( ,G]MANY & ! MO/ ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ L&S4 

,E>LI]1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY ALSO VIEW$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 9 ! SAME HI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVE4 ,9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#f1 9 COMPLETE AGREEM5T ) MY 9T]PRETATION1 HE WROTE3 

,WE MAY MO/ SPE$ILY MA/] ! LESSONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! TASKS :I* IT SETS US1 IF WE REG>D IT AS NEI!R A B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION 9 ! TRADITIONAL S5SE NOR A SOCIALI/ ONE1 BUT AS A :OLLY UNIQUE PROCESS TAK+ PLACE ON ! BORD] L9E BETWE5 B\RGEOIS & SOCIALI/ SOCIETY' IT DEM&S DISSOLUTION ( ! ONE1 PREP>ES = ! =MATION ( ! O!R1 & 9 EI!R CASE BR+S ALL ( HUMANITY UND] CAPITALI/ CIVILIZATION A MI<TY /EP =W>D 9 ITS M>* ( DEVELOPM5T4 .<,DRIV+ ,=CES & ,P]SPECTIVES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ,NEUE ,ZEIT1 ,X,X,V4 #a4 P4#c#c#c.> 

,IF ?US ONE GRASPS ! REAL SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS :I* LIE AT ! ROOT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION'S SPECIFIC NEW =M ( /RUGGLE1 ! MASS /RIKE ACTION - & ANO!R 9T]PRETATION IS NOT V]Y WELL POSSIBLE )\T PHANTASIZ+ ! ACTUAL C\RSE ( ?IS ACTION \T ( ?9 AIR1 AS ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY N[ DOES ) HIS 0AMORPH\S1 PRIMITIVE /RIKES0 - !N IT IS CLE> ?AT MASS /RIKES AS ! =M ( ! PROLET>IAT'S REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE COME 9TO CONSID]ATION EV5 MORE = ,WE/]N ,EUROPE ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA1 TO ! EXT5T :I* CAPITALISM 79 ,G]MANY1 = EXAMPLE7 IS MU* MORE HI<LY DEVELOP$4 

,9 FACT1 ALL ! CONDITIONS :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY MOBILIZES AGA9/ ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE >E JU/ SO MANY =CES :I* MU/ MAKE ! MASS /RIKE ACTION 9 ,G]MANY EV5 MORE 9EVITABLE1 EXT5SIVE1 & P[]FUL4 

,! OPPOS+ MI<T ( ! C>TELS :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY 9VOKES1 0SE>*+0 9 VA9 0= ITS LIKE10 ! SLAVI% OB$I5CE 9 :I* ! 5ORM\S CATEGORY ( ,G]MAN /ATE EMPLOYES IS SUNK5 - !SE >E ! V]Y ?+S :I* MAKE A PEACEFUL1 PR(ITABLE UNION ACTION EV] MORE DIFFICULT = ! BULK ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT4 ,!Y FE$ EV] MI<TI] TRIALS ( /R5G? & EXPLOSIONS 9 ! ECONOMIC SPH]E1 :OSE ELEM5TAL *>ACT] & MASS EXT5SION TAKE ON MORE & MORE POLITICAL MEAN+ ! LONG] !Y CONT9UE4 

,IT IS JU/ ! POLITICAL ISOLATION ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,G]MANY TO :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY REF]S1 JU/ ! FACT ?AT ! UNIT$ B\RGEOISIE D[N TO ! LA/ PETTY B\RGEOIS /&S BEH9D ! GOV]NM5T LIKE A WALL1 ?AT %APES EV]Y GREAT POLITICAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T 9TO A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE1 AGA9/ EXPLOITATION4 ,& ! SAME CIRCUM/ANCES GU>ANTEE ?AT EV]Y 5]GETIC REVOLUTION>Y MASS ACTION 9 ,G]MANY WILL NOT TAKE P>LIAM5T>Y =MS ( LIB]ALISM OR ! PREVI\S =M ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PETTY B\RGEOISIE'S /RUGGLE1 ! BRIEF B>RICADE BATTLE1 BUT ! CLASSIC PROLET>IAN =M ( ! MASS /RIKE4 

,& F9ALLY3 IT IS JU/ BECAUSE WE 9 ,G]MANY HAVE 0A HALF C5TURY ( SOCIALI/ 5LI<T5M5T & POLITICAL FRE$OM0 BEH9D US1 ?AT AS SOON AS ! SITUATION HAS SO RIP5$ ?AT ! MASSES TAKE TO ! FIELD1 ! ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT SET 9 MOTION BY EV]Y POLITICAL /RUGGLE WILL ROLL TOGE!R ALL ANCI5T RECKON+S AGA9/ PRIVATE & /ATE EXPLOITATION1 & UNITE ! POLITICAL ) AN ECONOMIC MASS /RUGGLE4 ,=1 AS ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY WROTE 9 #a#i#g3 

,WE HAVE NOT ! SLI<TE/ GR\ND TO ASSUME ?AT ! DEGREE ( EXPLOITATION ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT IS LESS ?AN ?AT 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ) ! ADVANCE ( CAPITALISM ! EXPLOITATION ( ! PROLET>IAT 9CREASES4 ,IF ! ,G]MAN WORK] IS 9 A SOME:AT BETT] POSITION ?AN ! ,RUSSIAN1 ! PRODUCTIVITY ( HIS LABOR IS ALSO MU* GREAT]1 & ! NE$S 9 RELATION TO ! G5]AL NATIONAL /&>D ( LIV+ >E MU* HI<]3 SO ?AT ! ,G]MAN WORK] F9DS ! CAPITALI/ YOKE P]HAPS EV5 MORE GALL+ ?AN ! ,RUSSIAN DOES4 .<,! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 #bND $41 P4#f4.> 

,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 :O PA9TS 9 SU* SPL5DID COLORS H[ ! ,G]MAN WORK] IS 0TOTALLY PREOCCUPI$ ) ORGANIZATIONS1 MEET+S1 & ELECTIONS ( ALL SORTS10 HAS = ! MOM5T =GOTT5 ! QUITE 5ORM\S SLAVE H]DS ( ,PRUSSO-,G]MAN /ATE EMPLOYES1 RAILROAD WORK]S & PO/AL WORK]S1 AS WELL AS ! F>M WORK]S1 :O UN=TUNATELY 5JOY V]Y LIMIT$ MEASURE ( ?AT CONT5T$ PREOCCUPATION ) 0ORGANIZATIONS1 MEET+S1 & OPTIONS ( ALL SORTS0 AS LONG AS ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE IS LEGALLY OR PRACTICALLY D5I$ !M4 ,HE HAS =GOTT5 ?AT 9 ! MID/ ( ROYAL ,PRUSSIAN FRE$OM !SE 5ORM\S CATEGORIES LIVE POLITICALLY AS WELL AS ECONOMICALLY 9 G5U9E 0,RUSSIAN0 CONDITIONS1 & ?AT !RE=E !SE V]Y CATEGORIES - NOT TO M5TION ! M9]S - WILL F9D IT IMPOSSIBLE1 9 ! MID/ ( A POLITICAL CONVULSION1 TO MA9TA9 !IR SLAVI% OB$I5CE OR TO REFRA9 FROM PRES5T+ !IR SPECIAL BILL ( RECKON+ 9 ! =M ( GIANT MASS /RIKES4 

,BUT LET US LOOK AT 0,WE/]N ,EUROPE40 ,9 DISPUT+ ALL ?IS1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS YET ANO!R OPPON5T BESIDES MYSELF TO DEAL )3 REALITY4 ,SPECIFICALLY1 :AT DO WE SEE H]E :5 WE ONLY DIRECT \R ATT5TION TO ! MO/ IMPORTANT MASS /RIKES ( ! LA/ T5 YE>S8 

,! GREAT ,BELGIAN MASS /RIKES :I* WON UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE /& BY !MSELVES 9 ! '#iS AS A BOLD EXP]IM5T4 ,NEV]!LESS1 :AT DEP? & MULTIDIM5SIONALITY6 

,9 #ai ! MASS /RIKE BY ! M9]S 9 ,P5NSYLVANIA :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ! TE/IMONY ( ,AM]ICAN COMRADES1 DID MORE TO SPREAD SOCIALI/ IDEAS ?AN T5 YE>S ( AGITATION2 ALSO 9 #a#i1 MASS /RIKE BY ! M9]S 9 ,AU/RIA2 #a#i#b1 MASS /RIKE BY ! M9]S 9 ,FRANCE2 #a#i#b1 G5]AL /RIKE BY ALL PRODUCTION WORK]S 9 ,B>CELONA 9 SUPPORT ( ! /RUGGL+ METAL WORK]S2 #a#i#b1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 ,SW$5 = UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL SUFFRAGE2 #a#i#b1 MASS /RIKE 9 ,BELGIUM = UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL SUFFRAGE2 #a#i#b1 MASS /RIKE BY ! F>M WORK]S 9 ALL EA/ ,GALICIA 7OV] #b1 TAK+ P>T7 9 DEF5SE ( ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE2 #a#i#c1 9 ,JANU>Y & ,APRIL1 TWO MASS /RIKES BY ! RAILROAD WORK]S 9 ,HOLL&2 #a#i#d1 MASS /RIKE BY ! RAILROAD WORK]S 9 ,HUNG>Y2 #a#i#d1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 ,ITALY PROTE/+ ! MASSACRES 9 ,S>D9IA2 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#e1 MASS /RIKE BY ! M9]S 9 ! ,RUHR DI/RICT2 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#e1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 & >\ND ,PRAGUE 7BY #a1 WORK]S7 = UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL SUFFRAGE 9 ,BOHEMIAN ,L&TAG ELECTIONS2 9 ,OCTOB] #ai DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 ,LEMBURG = UNIV]SAL EQUAL SUFFRAGE 9 ,GALICIAN ,L&TAG ELECTIONS2 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#e1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 ALL ( ,AU/RIA = UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL SUFFRAGE 9 ,REI*SRAT ELECTIONS2 #a#i#e1 MASS /RIKE BY ! ,ITALIAN F>M WORK]S2 #a#i#e1 MASS /RIKE BY ! ,ITALIAN RAILROAD WORK]S2 #a#i#f1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 ,TRIE/E = UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL SUFFRAGE 9 ,L&TAG ELECTIONS :I* VICTORI\SLY =C$ ! RE=M ?R\<2 #a#i#f1 MASS /RIKE BY ! F\NDRY WORK]S 9 ,WITK[IZ 7,MORAVIA7 9 SUPPORT ( #d %OP /EW>DS FIR$ BECAUSE ( ! ,MAY ,DAY CELEBRATION - VICTORI\SLY CONCLUD$2 #a#i#i1 MASS /RIKE 9 ,SW$5 9 DEF5SE ( ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE2 #a#i#i1 MASS /RIKE BY ! PO/AL WORK]S 9 ,FRANCE2 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#i1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE BY ALL WORK]S 9 ,TRI5T & ,ROV]ETO PROTE/+ ! POLITICAL P]SECUTION ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY2 #a#i#a1 MASS /RIKE 9 ,PHILADELPHIA 9 SUPPORT ( ! /REETC> WORK]S' /RUGGLE = ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE2 & AT ?IS MOM5T1 PREP>ATIONS = A MASS /RIKE BY ! RAILROAD WORK]S 9 ,FRANCE4 

,?IS IS ! 0IMPOSSIBILITY0 ( 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN0 MASS /RIKES1 ESPECIALLY DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKES1 :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS SO BEAUTIFULLY DEMON/RAT$ 9 BLACK & :ITE4 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS !ORETICALLY PROV$ ! OBVI\S IMPOSSIBILITY ( MIX+ POLITICAL & ECONOMIC /RIKES1 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( IMPRESSIVE1 G5]AL DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE1 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( MASS /RIKES BE+ A P]IOD ( REPEAT$ H&-TO-H& COMBAT4 ,HE HAS =GOTT5 ?AT = ! LA/ T5 YE>S WE HAVE LIV$ 9 A P]IOD ( ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 FI<T+ & DEMON/RATION /RIKES3 A P]IOD :I* HAS EXT5D$1 ) /RIK+ UNITY1 OV] ALMO/ ALL 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN L&S0 AS WELL AS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 OV] ! CAPITALI/ICALLY MO/ BACKW>D LIKE ,SPA91 & ! MO/ ADVANC$ LIKE ,NOR? ,AM]ICA2 OV] L&S ) ! WEAKE/ UNION MOVEM5TS LIKE ,FRANCE1 & ?OSE ) /RAPP+ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC UNIONS LIKE ,AU/RIA2 OV] AGR>IAN ,GALICIA & HI<LY 9DU/RIALIZ$ ,BOHEMIA2 OV] HALF-FEUDAL /ATES LIKE ! ,HAPSBURG MON>*Y1 REPUBLICS LIKE ,FRANCE1 & ABSOLUTI/ /ATES LIKE ,RUSSIA4 ,& ( C\RSE1 9 ADDITION TO ! ABOVE-5UM]AT$ /&S ,RUSSIA'S GR&IOSE MASS /RIKE ACTION FROM #aib TO #a#i#f1 :I* HAS %[N H[ ! SIGNIFICANCE & EXT5T ( ! MASS /RIKE 9ITIALLY GR[ TOGE!R ) ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION & ! POLITICAL ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,= :ILE WE DISCUSS ! POLITICAL /RIKE & SE>* = ITS !ORETICAL =MULATION & CONFIRMATION1 ONE MI<TY POLITICAL MASS /RIKE AFT] ANO!R FLAMES UP ?R\< ! SPONTANE\S COMBU/ION ( ! MASSES - OR RA!R EV]Y MASS /RIKE BECOMES A POLITICAL ACTION1 EV]Y GREAT POLITICAL TE/ ( /R5G? CLIMAXES 9 A MASS /RIKE1 :E!R AMONG ! M9]S1 ! PROLET>IAT ( ,RUSSIA1 ! ,ITALIAN F>M WORK]S & RAIL-ROAD WORK]S1 ETC4 .<,K4 ,KAUTSKY1 0,! ,LESSONS ( ! ,M9]S' ,/RIKES10 ,NEUE ,ZEIT ,X,X,I,I,I1 .<#a.>1 P4#g#h#a4.> 

,FROM ?IS IT ALMO/ SEEMS AS IF ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 ?R\< HIS NEWE/ !ORY ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( A P]IOD ( POLITICAL MASS /RIKES 9 ,G]MANY1 HAS DEMON/RAT$ NOT SO MU* A CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ,RUSSIA & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE AS A CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ,G]MANY & ! RE/ ( ! WORLD - ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ,RUSSIA ?R[N 9 TOGE!R4 ,PRUSSIA MU/ 9 FACT BE ! EXCEPTION AMONG ALL CAPITALI/ L&S1 IF :AT ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS WORK$ \T ON ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( EV5 %ORT G5]AL DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKES 9 ,PRUSSIA IS TRUE4 ,IT W\LD BE 05TIRELY UN?9KABLE ?AT 9 A DEMON/RATION /RIKE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T H]E1 COMMUT] RAILWAYS1 /REETC>S1 & GAS WORKS COME TO A /&/ILL10 ?AT WE 9 ,G]MANY EXP]I5CE A DEMON/RATION /RIKE :I* 0ALT]S ! 5TIRE L&SCAPE1 & 9 SO DO+ MAKES ! DEEPE/ IMPRESSION ON ! 5TIRE B\RGEOIS WORLD AS WELL AS ! MO/ 9DIFF]5T /RATA ( ! PROLET>IAT40 ,BUT !N :AT IS 0UN?9KABLE0 9 ,G]MANY MU/ BE :AT HAS ALREADY PROV$ ITSELF POSSIBLE 9 ,GALICIA1 9 ,BOHEMIA1 9 ,ITALY1 9 ,TRIE/E & ,TR5TO1 9 ,SPA91 & 9 ,SW$54 ,9 ALL !SE L&S & CITIES1 SPL5DID DEMON/RATION /RIKES HAVE TAK5 PLACE :I* COMPLETELY ALT]$ 0! L&SCAPE40 ,9 ,BOHEMIA ON ,NOVEMB] #b1 #a#i#e1 AN ABSOLUTE1 G5]AL WORK /OPPAGE REIGN$ :I* EXT5D$ EV5 TO AGRICULTURE - A ?+ !Y HAVE NOT YET EXP]I5C$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,9 ,ITALY 9 ,SEPTEMB] #aid ! F>M WORK]S1 /REETC>S1 ELECTRIC & GAS WORKS TOOK A HOLIDAY1 & EV5 ! DAILY PRESS HAD TO /OP PUBLICATION4 0,IT HAS 9DE$ BECOME ! MO/ TOTAL G5]AL /RIKE10 WROTE ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT1 0?AT HI/ORY KN[S (3 = ?REE :OLE DAYS ! CITY ( ,G5OA WAS LEFT )\T LI<T & BREAD & MEAT2 ALL ECONOMIC LIFE WAS P>ALYZ$40 .<,ODA ,OLB]G1 ,! ,ITALIAN ,G5]AL ,/RIKE1 ,NEUE ,ZEIT ,X,X,I,I,I1 #a1 P4#a#i4.> ,9 ,SW$5'S CAPITAL ,/OCKHOLM1 9 #aib AS WELL AS #a#i#i1 ALL MEANS ( COMMUNICATION & COMM]CE - /REETC>S1 CABS1 WAGONS1 MUNICIPAL S]VICES - W]E %UT D[N 9 ! FIR/ WEEK4 ,9 ,B>CELONA 9 #a#i#b1 ALL ECONOMIC LIFE RE/$ = MANY DAYS4 

,& SO 9 ,PRUSSO-,G]MANY - ) ITS 0/RONGE/ CONTEMPOR>Y GOV]NM5T10 & ITS SPECIAL 0,G]MAN CONDITIONS0 :I* SUPPOS$LY %[ PROLET>IAN ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE1 POSSIBLE 9 ALL ! RE/ ( ! WORLD1 TO BE ALL SORTS ( IMPOSSIBILITIES - WE HAVE F9ALLY ACQUIR$ AN UNEXPECT$ C\NT]P>T TO ?OSE SPECIAL 0,BAV>IAN0 & 0S\? ,G]MAN0 CONDITIONS :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY ONCE SO HE>TILY D]ID$ ) US4 ,BUT 9 P>TICUL>1 !SE ,G]MAN 0IMPOSSIBILITIES0 PLUME !MSELVES ON ! FACT ?AT PRECISELY 9 ,G]MANY WE HAVE ! /RONGE/ P>TY1 ! /RONGE/ UNIONS1 ! BE/ ORGANIZATION1 ! GREATE/ DISCIPL9E1 ! MO/ 5LI<T5$ PROLET>IAT1 & ! GREATE/ 9FLU5CE ( ,M>XISM4 ,BY ?IS ME?OD WE W\LD COME1 9 FACT1 TO ! S+UL> CONCLUSION ?AT ! /RONG] ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY IS1 ! MORE P[]LESS ! PROLET>IAT4 ,BUT ,I BELIEVE ?AT TO SAY MASS /RIKES & DEMON/RATION /RIKES :I* W]E POSSIBLE 9 V>I\S O!R L&S >E IMPOSSIBLE TODAY 9 ,G]MANY1 IS TO FIX A BR& ( 9CAPACITY ON ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT :I* IT HAS AS YET DONE NO?+ TO DES]VE4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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