,!SES ,ON ,! ,FI<T ,( ,! ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,AGA9/ ,CAPITALISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK 

,TEXT 3 

,PUBLICATION3 ,S\!RN ,ADVOCATE = ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS1 ,NO4 #c#c1 ,MAY #a#i#d#g1 P4 #b-#c2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,DAVID ,WALT]S_/,GREG ,AD>GO1 ,DECEMB]1 #b#a4 

,I4 ,CAPITALISM 9 ONE C5TURY ( GR[? HAS 5ORM\SLY 
9CREAS$ ITS P[]1 NOT ONLY ?R\< EXPANSION OV] ! 5TIRE E>?1 BUT ALSO 
?R\< DEVELOPM5T 9TO NEW =MS4 ,) IT ! WORK+ CLASS HAS 
9CREAS$ 9 P[]1 9 NUMB]S1 9 MASSAL CONC5TRATION1 9 ORGANIZATION4 ,ITS 
FI<T AGA9/ CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION1 = MA/]Y OV] ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 
ALSO IS CONT9UALLY DEVELOP+ & HAS TO DEVELOP 9TO NEW =MS4 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM L$ TO ! CONC5TRATION ( P[] OV] ! 
*IEF BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION 9 ! H&S ( BIG MONOPOLI/IC CONC]NS4 ,!Y >E 
9TIMATELY CONNECT$ ) ,/ATE ,P[]1 & DOM9ATE IT1 !Y CONTROL ! MA9 
P>T ( ! PRESS1 !Y DIRECT PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,MIDDLE-CLASS DEMOCRACY HAS PROV$ 
! BE/ CAM\FLAGE ( ! POLITICAL DOM9ANCE ( BIG CAPITAL4 ,AT ! SAME TIME 
!RE IS A GR[+ T5D5CY 9 MO/ C\NTRIES TO USE ! ORGANIZ$ P[] ( ! 
,/ATE 9 CONC5TRATION ! MANAGEM5T ( ! KEY 9DU/RIES 9 ITS H&S1 AS 
BEG9N+ ( ! PLANN$ ECONOMY4 ,9 ,G]MANY A ,/ATE-DIRECT$ ECONOMY UNIT$ 
POLITICAL LEAD]%IP & CAPITALI/ MANAGEM5T 9TO ONE COMB9$ EXPLOIT+ 
CLASS4 ,9 ,RUSSIA ,/ATE-CAPITALISM ! BUREAUCRACY IS COLLECTIVELY MA/] OV] 
! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & BY DICTATORIAL GOV]NM5T KEEPS ! EXPLOIT$ 
MASSES 9 SUBMISSION4 

,I,I4 ,SOCIALISM1 PUT UP AS ! GOAL ( ! WORK]S' FI<T1 IS ! 
ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION BY ,GOV]NM5T4 ,IT MEANS ,/ATE-SOCIALISM1 ! COMM& 
( ! ,/ATE-(FICIALS OV] PRODUCTION & ! COMM& ( MANAG]S1 SCI5TI/S1 
%OP-(FICIALS 9 ! %OP4 ,9 SOCIALI/ ECONOMY ?IS BODY1 =M+ A 
WELL-ORGANIZ$ BUREAUCRACY1 IS ! DIRECT MA/] OV] ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION4 
,IT HAS ! DISPOSAL OV] ! TOTAL PRODUCT1 DET]M9+ :AT P>T %ALL BE 
ASSIGN$ AS WAGES TO ! WORK]S1 & TAKES ! RE/ = G5]AL NE$S & = 
ITSELF4 ,! WORK]S UND] DEMOCRACY MAY *OOSE !IR MA/]S1 BUT !Y >E NOT 
!MSELVES MA/] ( !IR WORK2 !Y RECEIVE ONLY P>T ( ! PRODUCE1 ASSIGN$ 
TO !M BY O!RS2 !Y >E /ILL EXPLOIT$ & HAVE TO OBEY ! NEW MA/] 
CLASS4 ,! DEMOCRATIC =MS1 SUPPOS$ OR 9T5D$ TO ACCOMPANY IT1 DO NOT ALT] 
! FUNDAM5TAL /RUCTURE ( ?IS ECONOMIC SY/EM4 

,SOCIALISM WAS PROCLAIM$ ! GOAL ( ! WORK+ CLASS :5 9 ITS FIR/ RISE 
IT FELT P[]LESS1 UNABLE BY ITSELF TO CONQU] COMM& OV] ! %OPS1 & 
LOOK+ TO ! ,/ATE = PROTECTION AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS BY MEANS ( 
SOCIAL RE=MS4 ,! L>GE POLITICAL P>TIES EMBODY+ !SE AIMS1 ! ,SOCIAL 
,DEMOCRATIC & ! ,LABOR ,P>TIES1 TURN$ 9TO 9/RUM5TS = REGIM5T+ ! 
5TIRE WORK+ CLASS 9TO ! S]VICE ( CAPITALISM1 9 ITS W>S = WORLD 
P[]1 AS WELL AS 9 PEACE TIME HOME POLITICS4 ,! ,LABOR ,GOV]NM5T ( ! 
,BRITI% ,L4,P4 CANNOT EV5 BE SAID TO BE SOCIALI/IC2 BUT MOD]NIZ+ CAPITALISM4 
,BY ABOLI%+ ITS IGNOM9IES & BACKW>DNESS1 BY 9TRODUC+ ,/ATE MANAGEM5T 
UND] PRES]V+ ,/ATE-GU>ANTE$ PR(ITS = ! CAPITALI/S1 IT /R5G!NS 
CAPITALI/ DOM9ATION & P]PETUATES ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK]S4 

,I,I,I4 ,! GOAL ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS LIB]ATION FROM EXPLOITATION4 
,?IS GOAL IS NOT REA*$ & CANNOT BE REA*$ BY A NEW DIRECT+ & GOV]N+ 
CLASS SUB/ITUT+ ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,IT CAN ONLY BE REALIZ$ BY ! WORK]S 
!MSELVES BE+ MA/] OV] PRODUCTION4 

,MA/]Y ( ! WORK]S OV] PRODUCTION MEANS1 FIR/1 ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK 
9 EV]Y %OP & 5T]PRISE BY ITS P]SONNEL4 ,9/EAD ( ?R\< COMM& ( A 
MANAG] & HIS UND]L+S ALL ! REGULATION >E MADE ?R\< DECISION ( ! 
5TIRE BODY ( ! WORK]S4 ,?IS BODY1 COMPRIS+ ALL K9DS ( WORK]S1 
SPECIALI/S & SCI5TI/S1 ALL TAK+ P>T 9 ! PRODUCTION1 9 ASSEMBLY 
DECIDES EV]Y?+ RELAT$ TO ! COMMON WORK4 ,! ROLE ?AT ?OSE :O HAVE TO 
DO ! WORK ALSO HAVE TO REGULATE !IR WORK & TAKE ! RESPONSIBILITY1 )9 
! SCOPE ( ! :OLE1 CAN BE APPLI$ TO ALL BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT MEANS1 
SECONDLY1 ?AT ! WORK]S CREATE !IR ORGANS = COMB9+ ! SEP>ATE 
5T]PRISES 9TO AN ORGANIZ$ 5TIRETY ( PLANN$ PRODUCTION4 ,!SE ORGANS >E 
! WORK]S' C\NCILS4 

,! WORK]S C\NCILS >E BODIES ( DELEGATES1 S5T \T BY ! P]SONNELS ( 
! SEP>ATE %OPS OR SECTIONS ( BIG 5T]PRISES1 C>RY+ ! 9T5TIONS & 
OP9IONS ( ! P]SONNEL1 9 ORD] TO DISCUSS & TAKE DECISIONS ON ! COMMON 
AFFAIRS1 & TO BR+ BACK ! RESULTS TO !IR M&ATORIES4 ,!Y /ATE & 
PROCLAIM ! NECESS>Y REGULATIONS1 & BY UNIT+ ! DIFF]5T OP9IONS 9TO 
ONE COMMON RESULT1 =M ! CONNECTION ( ! SEP>ATE UNITS 9TO A 
WELL-ORGANIZ$ :OLE4 ,!Y >E NO P]MAN5T BO>D ( LEAD]S1 BUT CAN BE 
RECALL$ & *ANG$ AT EV]Y MOM5T4 ,!IR FIR/ G]MS APPE>$ 9 ! 
BEG9N+ ( ! ,RUSSIAN & ,G]MAN REVOLUTIONS 7,SOVIETS1 ,>BITRATE74 ,!Y >E 
TO PLAY AN 9CREAS+ ROLE 9 FUTURE WORK+ CLASS DEVELOPM5TS4 

,I,V4 ,POLITICAL P>TIES TO ! PRES5T TIMES HAVE TWO FUNCTIONS4 ,!Y 
ASPIRE1 FIR/1 AT POLITICAL P[]1 AT DOM9ANCE 9 ! ,/ATE1 TO TAKE GOV]NM5T 
9TO !IR H&S & USE ITS P[] TO PUT !IR PROGRAM 9TO PRACTICE4 ,= ?IS 
PURPOSE ! HAVE1 SECONDLY1 TO W9 ! MASSES ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE TO !IR 
PROGRAMS3 BY MEANS ( !IR TEA*+S CL>IFY+ ! 9SI<T1 OR1 BY !IR 
PROPAG&A1 SIMPLY TRY+ TO MAKE ( !M A H]D ( FOLL[]S4 

,WORK+ CLASS P>TIES PUT UP AS !IR GOAL ! CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL P[]1 
!REBY TO GOV]N 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! WORK]S1 & ESPECIALLY TO ABOLI% 
CAPITALISM4 ,!Y ASS]T !MSELVES AS ! ADVANCE GU>D ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 
ITS MO/ CLE>-SI<T$ P>T1 CAPABLE ( LEAD+ ! UN9/RUCT$ MAJORITY ( ! 
CLASS1 ACT+ 9 ITS NAME AS ITS REPRES5TATIVE4 ,!Y PRET5D TO BE ABLE TO 
LIB]ATE ! WORK]S FROM EXPLOITATION4 ,AN EXPLOIT$ CLASS1 H[EV]1 CANNOT BE 
LIB]AT$ BY SIMPLY VOT+ & BR++ 9TO P[] A GR\P ( NEW GOV]NORS4 ,A 
POLITICAL P>TY CANNOT BR+ FRE$OM1 BUT1 :5 IT W9S1 ONLY NEW =MS ( 
DOM9ATION4 ,FRE$OM CAN BE WON BY ! WORK+ MASSES ONLY ?R\< !IR [N 
ORGANIZ$ ACTION1 BY TAK+ !IR LOT 9TO !IR [N H&S1 9 DEVOT$ EX]TION 
( ALL !IR FACULTIES1 BY DIRECT+ & ORGANIZ+ !IR FI<T & !IR WORK 
!MSELVES BY MEANS ( !IR C\NCILS4 

,= ! P>TIES--!N REMA9S ! SECOND FUNCTION1 TO SPREAD 
9SI<T & KN[L$GE1 TO /UDY1 DISCUSS & =MULATE SOCIAL IDEAS1 & BY 
!IR PROPAG&A TO 5LI<T5 ! M9DS ( ! MASSES4 ,! WORK]S' 
C\NCILS >E ! ORGANS = PRACTICAL ACTION & FI<T ( ! WORK+ CLASS2 TO 
! P>TIES FALLS ! TASK ( ! BUILD+ UP ( ITS SPIRITUAL P[]4 ,!IR WORK 
=MS AN 9DISP5SABLE P>T 9 ! SELF-LIB]ATION ( ! WORK+ 
CLASS4 

,V4 ,! /RONGE/ =M ( FI<T AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS IS ! 
/RIKE4 ,/RIKES >E NECESS>Y1 EV] AGA91 AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/S' 
T5D5CY TO 9CREASE !IR PR(ITS BY L[]+ WAGES & 9CREASE ! H\RS OR 
! 9T5SITY ( WORK4 

,! TRADE UNIONS HAVE BE5 =M$ AS 9/RUM5TS ( ORGANIZ$ RESI/ANCE1 
BASES ON /RONG SOLID>ITY & MUTUAL HELP4 ,) ! GR[? ( BIG BUS9ESS 
CAPITALI/ P[] HAS 9CREAS$ 5ORM\SLY1 SO ?AT ONLY 9 SPECIAL CASES ! 
WORK]S >E ABLE TO )/& ! L[]+ ( !IR WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,! 
,TRADE ,UNIONS GR[ 9TO 9/RUM5TS ( M$IATION BETWE5 CAPITALI/S & WORK]S2 
!Y MAKE TREATIES ) ! EMPLOY]S :I* !Y TRY TO 5=CE UPON ! (T5 
UNWILL+ WORK]S4 ,! LEAD]S ASPIRE TO BECOME A RECOGNIZ$ P>T ( ! P[] 
APP>ATUS ( CAPITAL & ,/ATE DOM9AT+ ! WORK+ CLASS2 ! ,UNIONS GR[ 
9TO 9/RUM5TS ( MONOPOLI/ CAPITAL1 BY MEANS ( :I* IT DICTATES ITS T]MS 
TO ! WORK]S4 

,! RI<T ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 EV] MORE 
TAKES ! =M ( WILD /RIKES4 ,!Y >E SPONTANE\S1 MASSAL \TBUR/S ( ! 
LONG SUPPRESS$ SPIRIT ( RESI/ANCE4 ,!Y >E DIRECT ACTIONS 9 :I* ! 
WORK]S TAKE !IR FI<T 5TIRELY 9TO !IR [N H&S1 LEAV+ ! ,UNIONS & 
!IR LEAD]S \TSIDE4 

,! ORGANIZATION ( ! FI<T IS ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! /RIKE-COMMITTEES1 
DELEGATES ( ! /RIK]S1 *OS5 & S5T \T BY ! P]SONNEL'S4 ,BY 
MEANS ( DISCUSSIONS 9 !SE COMMITTEES ! WORK]S E/ABLI% !IR UNITY ( 
ACTION4 ,EXT5SION ( ! /RIKE TO EV] L>G] MASSES1 ! ONLY TACTICS 
APPROPRIATE TO WR5* CONCESSIONS FROM CAPITAL1 IS FUNDAM5TALLY OPPOS$ TO ! 
,TRADE ,UNION TACTICS TO RE/RICT ! FI<T & TO PUT AN 5D TO IT AS SOON AS 
POSSIBLE4 ,SU* WILD /RIKES 9 ! PRES5T TIMES >E ! ONLY REAL CLASS FI<TS 
( ! WORK]S AGA9/ CAPITAL4 ,H]E !Y ASS]T !IR FRE$OM1 !MSELVES 
*OOS+ & DIRECT+ !IR ACTIONS1 NOT DIRECT$ BY O!R P[]S = O!R 
9T]E/S4 

,?AT DET]M9ES ! IMPORTANCE ( SU* CLASS CONTE/S = ! FUTURE4 ,:5 
! WILD /RIKES TAKES ON EV] L>G] EXT5SION !Y F9D ! 5TIRE PHYSICAL 
P[] ( ! ,/ATE AGA9/ !M4 ,SO !Y ASSUME A REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT]4 ,:5 
CAPITALISM TURNS 9TO AN ORGANIZ$ WORLD GOV]NM5T--?\< AS YET ONLY 9 
! =M ( TWO CONT5D+ P[]S1 ?REAT5+ MANK9D ) 5TIRE 
DEVA/ATION--! FI<T = FRE$OM ( ! WORK+ CLASS TAKES ! =M ( A 
FI<T AGA9/ ,/ATE ,P[]4 ,ITS /RIKES ASSUME ! *>ACT] ( BIG POLITICAL 
/RIKES1 SOMETIMES UNIV]SAL /RIKES4 ,!N ! /RIKE-COMMITTEES NE$ ACQUIRE 
G5]AL SOCIAL & POLITICAL FUNCTIONS1 & ASSUME ! *>ACT] ( 
WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,REVOLUTION>Y FI<T = DOM9ANCE OV] SOCIETY IS AT 
! SAME TIME A FI<T = MA/]Y OV] & 9 ! %OPS4 ,!N ! WORK]S' 
C\NCILS1 AS ! ORGANS ( FI<T1 GR[ 9TO ORGANS ( PRODUCTION AT ! SAME 
TIME4 

79 ,S\!RN ,ADVOCATE = ,WORK]S ,C\NCILS1 ,MELB\RNE1 NO4 #c#c1 ,MAY #a#i#d#g47 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,!SES ,ON ,! ,FI<T ,( ,! ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,AGA9/ ,CAPITALISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,!SES ,ON ,! ,FI<T ,( ,! ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,AGA9/ ,CAPITALISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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