,?\<TS OCCASION$ BY ! P]USAL ( ,DR4 ,P>R'S ,SPITAL ,S]MON 

#ah 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TAGS 3 DR P>R1 POLITICAL JU/ICE1 FR5* REVOLUTION1 UNIV]SAL PHILAN?ROPY1 DOME/IC AFFECTIONS1 SPITAL S]MON1 PROGRESSIVE NATURE1 HUMAN SPECIES1 FILIAL AFFECTION1 9CREAS+ POPULATION4 

,TEXT 3 

,?IS WORK IS P>T ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY COLLECTION & APPE>S 9 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES ) ,I,S,%'S P]MISSION4     

  

,PHOTO BY ,D5IS,D5IS1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,?\<TS ,OCCASION$ ,BY ,! ,P]USAL ,( ,DR4 ,P>R'S ,SPITAL ,S]MON1 ,PREA*$ ,AT ,*RI/ ,*UR*1 ,APRIL #a#e1 #a#h3 

,BE+ ,A ,REPLY TO ! ,ATTACKS ( ,DR4 ,P>R1 ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%1 ! ,AU?OR ( AN ,ESSAY ,ON ,POPULATION1 & ,O!RS4 

BY ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,L,O,N,D,O,N3 ,PR9T$ BY ,TAYLOR & ,WILKS1 ,*ANC]Y-,LANE2 & SOLD BY ,G4,G4 & ,J4 ,ROB9SON1 ,PAT]NO/]-,R[4 #a#h#a4 

  ,I ,H,A,V,E N[ CONT9U$ = SOME YE>S A SIL5T1 NOT AN 9ATT5TIVE1 SPECTATOR ( ! FLOOD ( RIBALDRY1 9VECTIVE & 9TOL]ANCE :I* HAS BE5 P\R$ \T AGA9/ ME & MY WRIT+S4 ,! WORK :I* HAS PR9CIPALLY AF=D$ A TOPIC = ! EX]CISE ( ?IS MALIGNITY HAS BE5 ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE4 ,?IS BOOK MADE ITS APPE>ANCE 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#g#i#c2 ITS RECEPTION ) ! PUBLIC WAS FAVORABLE MU* BEYOND MY CONCEPTION ( ITS M]ITS2 IT WAS ! SPECIFIC & AV[$ OCCASION ( PROCUR+ ME ! FAVOR & C\NT5ANCE ( MANY P]SONS ( ! HI<E/ NOTE 9 SOCIETY & LIT]ATURE1 ( SOME ( ?OSE :O HAVE S9CE L5T !MSELVES TO 9CREASE ! CLAMOR1 :I* P]SONAL VIEWS & ! CONTAGION ( FA%ION HAVE CREAT$ AGA9/ ME4 ,= MORE ?AN F\R YE>S IT REMA9$ BE=E ! PUBLIC1 )\T ANY MAN'S HAV+ MADE ! SLI<TE/ ATTEMPT = ITS REFUTATION2 IT WAS REPEAT$LY SAID ?AT IT WAS 9VULN]ABLE & UNANSW]ABLE 9 ITS FUNDAM5TAL TOPICS2 HI< 5COMIUMS W]E PASS$ ON ! SUPPOS$ TAL5TS ( ! WRIT]2 &1 SO F> AS ,I HAVE BE5 ABLE TO LE>N1 EV]Y MAN ( ! SLI<TE/ IMP>TIALITY WAS READY TO GIVE HIS V]DICT TO ! HONE/ S5TIM5TS & 9TEGRITY ( SPIRIT 9 :I* IT WAS WRITT54 

  ,IF ! TEMP] & TONE 9 :I* ?IS PUBLICATION HAS BE5 TREAT$ HAVE UND]GONE A *ANGE1 IT HAS BE5 ONLY ?AT ,I WAS DE/9$ TO SUFF] A P>T1 9 ! GREAT REVOLUTION :I* HAS OP]AT$ 9 NATIONS1 P>TIES1 POLITICAL CRE$S1 & ! VIEWS & 9T]E/S ( AMBITI\S M54 ,I HAVE FALL5 7IF ,I HAVE FALL57 9 ONE COMMON GRAVE ) ! CAUSE & ! LOVE ( LIB]TY2 & 9 ?IS S5SE HAVE BE5 MORE HONOR$ & ILLU/RAT$ 9 MY DECL9E FROM G5]AL FAVOR1 ?AN ,I EV] WAS 9 ! HI<E/ TIDE ( MY SUCCESS4 

  ,MY BOOK1 AS WAS ANN\NC$ BY ME 9 ! PREFACE1 WAS ! *ILD ( ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS EASY TO UND]/& :AT HAS BE5 ! OP]ATION ( MANY M5'S M9DS ON ! SUBJECT ( ?AT GREAT EV5T4 ,ALMO/ EV]Y MAN 5T]TA9S 9 HIS BOSOM SOME LOVE = ! PUBLIC3 !RE IS1 ,I SUPPOSE1 NO MAN ?AT LIVES :O HAS NOT SOME LOVE = HIMSELF4 ,BO? !SE S5TIM5TS W]E EXT5SIVELY EX]CIS$1 9 ! V>I\S ,EUROPEAN NATIONS :O W]E SPECTATORS ( ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION4 ,:]E WAS ! +5U\S HE>T :I* DID NOT BEAT ) EXULTATION1 AT SEE+ A GREAT & CULTIVAT$ PEOPLE %AKE (F ! *A9S ( ONE ( ! MO/ OPPRESSIVE POLITICAL SY/EMS 9 ! WORLD1 ! MO/ REPL5I%$ ) ABUSES1 ! LEA/ MOLLIFI$ & RELIEV$ BY ANY 9FUSION ( LIB]TY8 ,?US F> WE W]E ALL ( US DIS9T]E/$ & G5]\S4 ,BUT ! REFLEX ACT ( ! M9D IS SO ESS5TIAL A P>T ( \R NATURE1 ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE M5 %\LD NOT1 9 ! FIR/ 9T]VAL ( LEISURE1 9QUIRE H[ !Y W\LD BE AFFECT$ BY ?IS EV5T 9 !IR P]SONAL =TUNES4 ,! REASON+S :I* GUID$ ! P]SONS ALLUD$ TO 9 ?IS P>TICUL>1 >E OBVI\S4 ,!Y BELIEV$ ?AT LIB]TY C\LD NOT BE ?US ACQUIR$ BY A MO/ RESPECT$ & CONSID]ABLE NATION 9 ! C5T] ( ,EUROPE1 )\T PRODUC+ CONSEQU5CES FAVORABLE TO LIB]TY 9 EV]Y SURR\ND+ C\NTRY4 ,!Y 9F]R$ !RE=E ?AT1 :ILE EA* MAN WAS 9DULG+ HIS 5?USIASM & PHILAN?ROPY1 EA* MAN W\LD F9D HIMSELF MO/ EFFECTUALLY PROMOT+ HIS PRIVATE 9T]E/4 ,!Y WOR%IP$ ! RIS+ SUN4 ,!Y APPLAUD$ !IR SAGACITY & LONG-SI<T$NESS1 :ILE !Y ?US HEAP$ UP = !MSELVES ! M]IT ( BE+ ! VIRTU\S & E>LY *AMPIONS ( 9FANT1 & AS YET P[]LESS LIB]TY4 

  ,BUT !SE EXPECTATIONS & ?IS SAGACITY HAVE BE5 MIS]ABLY DISAPPO9T$4 ,! P]SONS H[EV] :O ACT$ UND] !IR 9FLU5CE1 W]E SL[ & UNWILL+ 9 GIV+ UP !IR HOPES4 ,!Y HAD FELT A REAL & HONE/ PASSION = ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION3 BUT HONE/Y IS A  PR9CIPLE ( AN UNACCOMMODAT+ SORT2 & PASSION1 ONCE SET 9 MOTION1 WILL NOT BE SUBDU$ 9 A MOM5T4 ,BESIDE1 !SE P]SONS1 CONFID+ 9 !IR SAGACITY HAD DECL>$ !MSELVES 9 A V]Y P]EMPTORY & DECISIVE MANN]4 ,%AME !RE=E = A LONG TIME HELD !M TO !IR PO9T4 ,!Y SAW ?AT !IR RETREAT W\LD COME ) A V]Y ILL GRACE2 !Y W\LD NOT RETIRE UPON ! FIR/ SYMPTOMS ( MISC>RIAGE2 !Y *E]$ !MSELVES & ONE ANO!R ) ASSURANCES ?AT !SE SYMPTOMS W\LD SPE$ILY SUBSIDE2 !Y HOP$ TO ADD TO ! PRAISE ( LONG-SI<T$NESS ! NOBL] PRAISE ( MAGNANIM\S P]SEV]ANCE 9 SPITE ( ADV]SE & DISC\RAG+ APPE>ANCES4 

  ,:AT WAS ! CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS8 ,MR4 ,BURKE PUBLI%$ HIS CELEBRAT$ BOOK AGA9/ ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION 9 #a#g#i3 !Y W]E UNMOV$4 ,! P[]S ( ,EUROPE BEGAN TO CONC]T HO/ILE MEASURES UPON ?IS SUBJECT 9 #a#g#i#a3 !Y W]E UNMOV$4 ,L\IS WAS DEPOS$2 MON>*ICAL GOV]NM5T WAS PROSCRIB$ 9 ,FRANCE3 !Y W]E UNMOV$4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] #agib SC5ES ( EXECRABLE & UNPREC$5T$ MURD] W]E P]PETRAT$ 9 ! CAPITAL & MANY ( ! PROV9CES3 !Y SCORN$ = ! SAKE ( A FEW PRIVATE MISDE$S TO GIVE UP A GREAT PUBLIC PR9CIPLE4 ,! HEAD ( ,L\IS FELL UPON ! SCAFFOLD3 /ILL !Y W]E CONSI/5T4 ,! ATROCI\S & 9HUMAN REIGN ( ,ROBESPI]RE COMM5C$2 IT CONT9U$ FROM ,MAY #agic TO ,JULY #a#g#i#d2 ALMO/ EV]Y DAY WAS M>K$ ) BLOOD2 ALMO/ ALL ?AT WAS GREATE/ & MO/ V5]ABLE 9 ,FRANCE WAS IMMOLAT$ AT ! MON/]'S %R9E1 ! QUE51 MADAME ,ELIZABE?1 ,V]GNIAUD1 ,G5SONNE1 ,ROL&1 MADAME ,ROL&1 ,BAILLI1 ,LAVOLFI] 2 IT W]E 5DLESS TO RECOLLECT A TI! ( ! BLOODY CATALOG 3 /ILL !RE ADVOCATES ( ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION W]E CONFID5T4 ,D[N TO ! SPR+ ( #a#g#i#g1 :5 PETITIONS W]E S5T UP FROM SO MANY P>TS ( ,5GL& = ! REMOVAL ( ! K+'S M9I/]S1 SC>CELY ONE ( ?OSE P]SONS :O HAD DECL>$ !MSELVES >D5TLY & AFFECTIONATELY 9T]E/$ = ! SUCCESS ( ! ,FR5*1 DES]T$ !IR CAUSE4 

  ,I AM WILL+ TO YIELD TO !SE M5 CONSID]ABLE PRAISE = ! CON/ANCY ) :I* !Y P]SEV]$ SO LONG2 AS LONG P]HAPS AS WORLDLY PRUD5CE C\LD 9 ANY DEGREE C\NT5ANCE4 ,BUT :Y1 BECAUSE ,I HAVE NOT BE5 SO PRUD5T AS !Y1 %\LD ,I BE MADE ! OBJECT ( !IR 9VECTIVE8 ,I NEV] W5T SO F>1 9 MY P>TIALITY = ! PRACTICAL PR9CIPLES ( ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION1 AS MANY ( ?OSE ) :OM ,I WAS ACCU/OM$ TO CONV]SE4 ,I UNI=MLY DECL>$ MYSELF AN 5EMY TO REVOLUTIONS4 ,MANY P]SONS C5SUR$ ME = ?IS LUKEW>MNESS2 ,I WILL+LY 5DUR$ ! C5SURE4 ,SEV]AL ( ?OSE P]SONS >E N[ GONE 9TO ! OPPOSITE EXTREME4 ,!Y MU/ EXCUSE ME2 !Y HAVE W&]$ WIDE ( ME ON ! ONE SIDE & ON ! O!R2 ,I DID NOT FOLL[ !M BE=E2 ,I CANNOT FOLL[ !M N[4 

  ,BUT1 ?\< ,I COMM5D !SE P]SONS = HAV+ P]SEV]$ SO LONG1 ,I CAN BE AT NO LOSS TO ASSIGN ! PR9CIPAL CAUSE :Y !Y HAVE P]SEV]$ NO LONG]4 ,:AT HAS HAPP5$ S9CE ! SPR+ ( #agig TO JU/IFY !IR REVOLT8 ,HAS ANY NEW SY/EM ( DISORGANIZATION BE5 ADOPT$ 9 ,FRANCE8 ,HAVE ! ,FR5* EMBRU$ !IR H&S 9 FUR!R MASSACRES8 ,HAS ANO!R ,ROBESPI]RE RIS51 TO FRI<T ! WORLD ) SY/EMATICAL1 COOL-BLOOD$1 NEV]-SATIAT$ MURD]8 ,NO1 NONE ( !SE ?+S4 ,H[ !N HAS IT HAPP5$1 ?AT M5 :O REMA9$ UNALT]$ SPITE ( !SE T]RIBLE EV5TS1 N[ PR(ESS !IR CONVICTION ?AT ! HOPE ( MELIORATION 9 HUMAN SOCIETY MU/ BE GIV5 UP2 &1 NOT CONT5T$ ) ?AT1 VIRUL5TLY ABUSE ?OSE BY :OM ! HOPE IS /ILL *]I%$8 ,TO ! GOV]NM5T ( ,ROBESPI]RE SUCCE$$ :AT WAS CALL$ AN ,EXECUTIVE ,DIRECTORY1 A SET ( M5 :OSE PR9CIPLES & ACTIONS SO NE>LY RESEMBL$ ?OSE ( ! REGUL> GOV]NM5TS ( ,EUROPE1 ?AT IT IS ) AN ILL GRACE ! ADVOCATES ( ?OSE GOV]NM5TS CAN PRON\NCE A C5SURE AGA9/ !M4 ,UPON ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,DIRECTORY1 WE HAVE SE5 AN AUSPICI\S & B5EFIC5T G5IUS >ISE1 :O )\T VIOL5CE TO ! PR9CIPLES ( ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION1 HAS SUSP5D$ !IR MORBID ACTIVITY1 & GIV5 TIME = ! FEV] :I* ?REAT5$ TO CONSUME ! HUMAN RACE1 TO SUBSIDE4 ,ALL ! GREAT PO9TS EMBRAC$ BY ! REVOLUTION REMA9 5TIRE3 H]$IT>Y GOV]NM5T IS GONE2 H]$IT>Y NOBILITY IS EXT+UI%$2 ! HI]>*Y ( ! ,GALLICAN *UR* IS NO MORE2 ! FEUDAL RI<TS1 ! OPPRESSIVE IMMUNITIES ( A MI<TY >I/OCRACY1 >E BANI%$ NEV] TO RETURN4 ,EV]Y ?+ PROMISES ?AT ! FUTURE GOV]NM5T ( ,FRANCE WILL BE POPUL>1 & H] PEOPLE FREE4 ,IT FOLL[S !RE=E1 ALMO/ ) ! =CE ( A DEMON/RATION1 ?AT IT IS NO?+ :I* HAS HAPP5$ 9 ,FRANCE ?AT HAS PRODUC$ ?IS G5]AL APO/ACY FROM ! PR9CIPLES ( H] REVOLUTION4 

  ,BUT ! P]SONS = :OSE CONDUCT ,I AM ACC\NT+1 :ILE !Y HAVE LOOK$ ) LESS SOLICITUDE ?AN BE=E AT :AT IS PASS+ 9 ,FRANCE1 HAVE LOOK$ V]Y ATT5TIVELY AT :AT IS PASS+ AT HOME4 ,NOT ?AT 9 \R [N C\NTRY EV5TS HAVE HAPP5$1 TO JU/IFY ANY BETT]1 9 ! WAY ( >GUM5T1 ?IS TRANS=MATION ( !IR OP9IONS1 ?AN ! EV5TS 9 ,FRANCE4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETIES 9 ?IS METROPOLIS W]E ONCE NUM]\S2 !Y HAD SPREAD !IR RAMIFICATIONS ?R\< ALMO/ EV]Y C\NTY 9 ,5GL&2 REVOLUTION>Y LECTURES W]E PUBLICLY READ H]E & ELSE:]E ) TUMULTS ( APPLAUSE2 ALMO/ EV]Y ALEH\SE HAD ITS >TISANS H>ANGU+ 9 FAVOR ( REPUBLICANISM & EQUALITY3 AT ?IS TIME ! P]SONS ( :OM ,I AM SPEAK+ CONCEIV$ NO AL>M4 ,! SOCIETIES HAVE P]I%$1 OR1 :]E !Y HAVE NOT1 HAVE %RUNK TO A SKELETON2 ! DAYS ( DEMOCRATIC DECLAMATION >E NO MORE2 EV5 ! />V+ LABOR] 9 ! ALEH\SE IS BECOME A *AMPION ( >I/OCRACY4 ,YET IT IS N[ ?AT !SE P]SONS COME =? TO S\ND ! AL>M2 N[ !Y TREAD UPON ! NECK ( ! MON/] :OM !Y REG>D AS EXPIR+2 N[ !Y HOLD IT NECESS>Y TO %[ !MSELVES 9TEMP]ATE & 9CESSANT 9 !IR HO/ILITIES AGA9/ ! SPIRIT ( 9NOVATION4 

  ,WE MU/ LOOK !RE=E ELSE:]E ?AN 9 ! NAK$ CONVICTIONS ( ! UND]/&+1 = ! PR9CIPLE ( !IR CONDUCT4 ,LIKE ! PATRI>* ( OLD1 !Y WAT*$ N>R[LY TO SEE A DAY ( AUSPICI\S TID+S TO ! PEOPLE2 &1 IF !Y C\LD HAVE SE5IT1 LIKE ! PATRI>*1 !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 GLAD4 ,BUT1 :ILE !Y EXPECT$ ! BUR/+ ( A GLORI\S SUN%9E1 ! SKY >\ND !M BECAME D>K] & MORE UNPROMIS+ -- ,IT IS NOT TO MY PRES5T PURPOSE TO 9QUIRE H[ F> REC5T EV5TS HAVE T5D$ TO CONFIRM & GIVE /ABILITY TO ! OLD GOV]NM5TS ( ,EUROPE1 & ?AT ( \R [N C\NTRY 9 P>TICUL>2 BUT AT LEA/ !SE P]SONS HAVE SE5 !M 9 ?AT PO9T ( VIEW4 ,!Y >E WILL+ TO MAKE !IR PEACE2 NOR W\LD !Y *ASS5 TOO OB/9ATELY1 ?\< IT %\LD BE NECESS>Y TO MAKE A SACRIFICE OR TWO AT ! %R9E ( ! DIV9ITY AGA9/ :OLE WOR%IP !Y HAD TOO IRREV]5TLY RAIL$4 

  ,BUT IT IS NOT MY DISPOSITION TO SEE ! *>ACT]S & ACTIONS ( M5 9 ! WOR/ PO9T ( VIEW4 ,I CAN DISC]N O!R HUMAN WEAKNESSES CONC]N$ 9 ?IS CONV]SION ( MY NEI<BORS1 LESS (F5SIVE TO ! MORAL FEEL+S ?AN B>E WORLDLY WISDOM & P]SONAL 9T]E/4 ,IT IS NOT 9 ! NATURE ( MAN TO LIKE TO /& ALONE 9 HIS S5TIM5TS OR HIS CRE$4 ,WE \<T NOT TO BE TOO MU* SURPRIS$ :5 WE P]CEIVE \R NEI<BORS WAT*+ ! SEASONS1 & FLOAT+ ) ! TIDE4 ,NOR IS ?IS FICKL5ESS BY :I* !Y >E 9FLU5C$1 ALTOGE!R AN AFFAIR ( DESIGN4 ,IT IS SELDOM ?AT WE >E P]SUAD$ TO ADOPT OP9IONS1 OR BE P]SUAD$ TO AB&ON !M1 BY ! M]E =CE ( >GUM5TS4 ,! *ANGE IS G5]ALLY PRODUC$ SIL5TLY1 & UNP]CEIV$ EXCEPT 9 ITS ULTIMATE RESULT1 BY HIM :O SUFF]S IT4 ,\R CRE$ IS1 N9ETY-N9E TIMES 9 A HUNDR$1 ! PURE GR[? ( \R TEMP] & SOCIAL FEEL+S4 ,! HUMAN 9TELLECT IS A SORT ( B>OMET]1 DIRECT$ 9 ITS V>IATIONS BY ! ATMOSPH]E :I* SURR\NDS IT4 ,ADD TO ?IS1 ?AT ! OP9ION :I* HAS ITS PR9CIPLE 9 PASSION 7& ?IS WAS G5]ALLY ! CAFE ) ! OP9IONS ( M5 ON ! TOPIC ( ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION7 9CLUDES 9 ITS ESS5CE ! CAUSE ( ITS DE/RUCTION4 0,HOPE DEF]R$ MAKES ! HE>T SICK40 ,ZEAL1 ?\< IT BE AS HOT AS ,NEBU*ADNEZZ>'S FURNACE1 )\T A CONT9UAL SUPPLY ( FUEL WILL SPE$ILY COOL4 

  ,I FEEL LITTLE RES5TM5T AGA9/ ?OSE P]SONS :O1 )\T ANY FRE% REASONS TO JU/IFY !IR *ANGE1 ?9K IT N[ NECESS>Y TO PLEAD = E/ABLI%M5TS1 & EXPRESS !IR HORROR AT !ORIES & 9NOVATION1 ?\< ,I RECOLLECT ! TIME :5 !Y TOOK AN OPPOSITE P>T4 ,BUT ?IS ,I MU/ SAY1 ?AT !Y ACT AGA9/ ALL NATURE & REASON :51 9/EAD ( MODE/LY CONFESS+ !IR FRAILTY & ! TRANS=MATION ( !IR S5TIM5TS1 !Y RAIL AT ME BECAUSE ,I HAVE NOT EQUALLY *ANG$4 ,IF ,I HAD EXPRESS$ A C]TA9 DEGREE ( DISPLEASURE AT !IR CONDUCT1 ,I %\LD HAVE HAD A V]Y =CIBLE EXCUSE4 ,BUT ,I WAS NOT PREP>$ ) A WORD ( REPROA*3 ,I W\LD HAVE BE5 SIL5T1 IF !Y W\LD HAVE P]MITT$ ME TO BE SO4 

  ,D[N TO AB\T ! MIDDLE ( ! YE> #a#g#i#g1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 ! *AMPIONS ( ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION 9 ,5GL& APPE>$ TO RETA9 !IR POSITION1 & ,I REMA9$ UNATTACK$4 ,AB\T ?AT TIME A =LORN HOPE ( TWO LITTLE SKIRMI%+ PAMPHLETS BEGAN ! W>4 ,BUT ! WRIT]S ( !SE PAMPHLETS APPE> TO HAVE BE5 UN9/RUCT$ 9 ! S*OOL ( ! NEW CONV]TS ,I HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO DESCRIBE1 & !IR PRODUCTIONS W]E )\T SCURRILITY4 ,! NEXT & GR& ATTACK WAS OP5$ 9 ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%'S ,LECTURES4 ,A BOOK WAS PUBLI%$ AB\T ! SAME TIME1 PR(ESS+ TO CONTA9 REM>KS UPON SOME SPECULATIONS ( M9E1 5TITL$ AN ,ESSAY UPON ,POPULATION4 ,( ?IS BOOK & ! SPIRIT 9 :I* IT IS WRITT5 ,I CAN NEV] SPEAK BUT ) UNFEIGN$ RESPECT4 ,SOON AFT] FOLL[$ A MU* VAUNT$ ,S]MON BY ,MR4 ,HALL ( ,CAMBRIDGE1 9 :I* EV]Y NOTION ( TOL]ATION OR DECORUM WAS TREAT$ ) 9FURIAT$ CONTEMPT4 ,I DISDA9 TO DWELL ON ! RABBLE ( SCURRILITIES :I* FOLL[$3 ! VULG> CONTUMELIES ( ! AU?OR ( ! ,PURSUIT ( ,LIT]ATURE1 NOVELS ( BUFFOON]Y & SC&AL TO ! AM\NT ( HALF A SCORE1 & ,BRITI% ,CRITICS1 ,ANTI-,JACOB9 NEWSPAP]S1 & ,ANTI-,JACOB9 ,MAGAZ9ES )\T NUMB]4 ,LA/ ( ALL1 = ! PRES5T AT LEA/1 = ,I AM NOT IDLE 5\< TO FLATT] MYSELF ?AT ! TIDE IS GONE BY1 ,DR4 ,P>R1 ) HIS ,SPITAL ,S]MON BE=E ! ,LORD ,MAYOR1 BR+S UP ! RE> ( MY ASSAILANTS4 ,I TAKE OCCASION FROM ?IS FIR/ AV[$ & RESPECTABLE PUBLICATION"91 .<"9,! MA9 ATTACK ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION IS NOT DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! PR9CIPLES ( MY BOOK1 BUT ITS CONCLUSIONS.> TO (F] ! LITTLE ,I ?9K IT NECESS>Y TO (F] 9 MY DEF5SE4 

  ,BUT1 BE=E ,I 5T] UPON P>TICUL>S1 LET ME /OP A MOM5T TO OBS]VE UPON ! S+UL> & P]V]SE DE/9Y :I* HAS ATT5D$ ME ON ?IS OCCASION4 ,I WROTE MY ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE 9 ! 9NOC5CE ( MY HE>T4 ,I F\<T NO OV]T EFFECTS2 ,I ABHORR$ ALL TUMULT2 ,I 5T]$ MY PROTE/ AGA9/ REVOLUTIONS4 ,EV]Y IMP>TIAL P]SON :O KN[S ME1 OR HAS ATT5TIVELY CONSID]$ MY WRIT+S1 WILL ACKN[L$GE ?AT IT IS ! FAULT ( MY *>ACT]1 RA!R TO BE TOO SKEPTICAL1 ?AN TO 9CL9E TOO MU* TO PLAY ! DOGMATI/4 ,I WAS BY NO MEANS ASSUR$ ( ! TRU? ( MY [N SY/EM4 ,I WROTE 9DE$ ) >DOR2 BUT ,I PUBLI%$ ) DIFFID5CE4 ,I KNEW ?AT MY SPECULATIONS HAD L$ ME \T ( ! BEAT5 TRACK2 & ,I WAIT$ TO BE 9/RUCT$ BY ! COMM5T ( O!RS AS TO ! DEGREE ( VALUE :I* %\LD BE /AMP$ UPON !M4 ,?AT COMM5T 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE WAS HI<LY FLATT]+2 YET ,I WAS NOT SATISFI$4 ,I DID NOT CEASE TO REVISE1 TO RECONSID]1 OR TO 9QUIRE4 

  ,I HAD LE>N$ 9DE$ ?AT 9QUIRY WAS ! PILOT :O MI<T BE EXPECT$ TO /E] ME 9TO ! HAV5 ( TRU?4 ,I HAD HE>D A ?\S& TIMES1 & ,I BELIEV$1 ?AT :OEV] GAVE HIS SPECULATIONS ON G5]AL QUE/IONS TO ! PUBLIC ) FAIRNESS & TEMP]1 WAS A PUBLIC B5EFACTOR3 & ,I MU/ ADD1 ?AT ,I HAVE NEV] YET HE>D ! FAIRNESS OR TEMP] ( MY PUBLICATION CALL$ 9TO D\BT4 ,IF MY DOCTR9ES W]E =M$ TO ABIDE ! TE/ ( SCRUT9Y1 IT WAS WELL3 IF !Y W]E REFUT$1 ,I %\LD /ILL HAVE OCCASION TO REJOICE1 9 HAV+ PROCUR$ TO ! PUBLIC ! B5EFIT ( ?AT REFUTATION1 ( SO MU* ADDITIONAL DISQUISITION & KN[L$GE4 ,UNPROPHETIC AS ,I WAS1 ,I RE/$ 9 P]FECT TRANQUILITY1 & SUSPECT$ NOT ?AT ,I %\LD BE DRAGG$ TO PUBLIC ODIUM1 & MADE AN EXAMPLE TO DET] ALL FUTURE 5QUIR]S FROM ! PRACTICE ( UN%ACKL$ SPECULATION4 ,I WAS NO MAN ( ! WORLD2 ,I WAS A M]E /UD5T1 CONNECT$ ) NO P>TY1 ELECT$ 9TO NO CLUB1 EXEMPT FROM EV]Y IMPUTATION ( POLITICAL CONSPIRACY OR CABAL4 ,I !RE=E BELIEV$ ?AT1 IF MY SPECULATIONS W]E OPPOS$1 & IF MY OPPON5T W]E A MAN ( ! LEA/ PRET5SION TO *>ACT] & DECORUM1 ,I %\LD BE AT LEA/ OPPOS$ 9 ?AT /YLE ( FAIRNESS & RESPECT :I* IS SO EM95TLY DUE FROM ONE LIT]>Y 5QUIR] TO ANO!R4 

  ,MY ATT5TION WAS NOT MU* EXCIT$ BY :AT ,I HAVE ALREADY CALL$ ! PRELIM9>IES ( ! COMBAT4 ,MR4 ,MACK9TO% WAS ! FIR/ P]SON :O AWAK5$ ME TO ANY /RICTNESS ( ATT5TION4 ,H[ MU* !N WAS ,I SURPRIS$ AT F9D+ HIS PR9T$ PRELIM9>Y ,DISC\RSE WRITT51 9 SU* P>TS AS HAD ANY ALLUSION TO MY DOCTR9ES1 9 A SPIRIT L(TY1 OV]BE>+ & SCORNFUL1 SU* AS ?AT ,I SC>CELY RECOLLECT$ ITS P>ALLEL 9 ! PUBLICATIONS ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY6 ,I HAD BE5 = SOME YE>S 9 HABITS ( FRI5DLY 9T]C\RSE ) ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%2 ! FRANKNESS ( MY DISPOSITION L$ ME !RE=E IMM$IATELY TO ADDRESS HIM ) A LETT] ( EXPO/ULATION4 

,JANU>Y #b#g1 #agii 

  

 ,D,E,> ,S,I,R1 

  ,I ,H,A,V,E JU/ READ ) M+L$ EMOTIONS ( PLEASURE & PA9 Y\R ,DISC\RSE ( ! ,LAW ( ,NATURE & ,NATIONS4 ,MY EMOTIONS ( PLEASURE1 Y\ WILL TAKE1 & Y\ >E WELL 5TITL$ TO DO SO AS ! JU/ TRIBUTE ( MY ADMIRATION = ! COMPREH5SIV5ESS ( Y\R TAL5T & ! PR(\NDNESS ( Y\R DISC]NM5T4 ,AN 9QUIRY 9TO ! S\RCE ( MY EMOTIONS ( PA9#a WILL PROBABLY NOT BE V]Y 9T]E/+ TO Y\1 & ,I !RE=E 7EXCEPT 9 ONE 9CID5TAL P>TICUL>7 PASS IT OV] 9 SIL5CE4 

  ,WILL Y\ GIVE ME LEAVE TO 9QUIRE 7,I HOPE Y\ WILL NOT IMPUTE TO AN IMP]T95CE ( DISPOSITION1 A QUE/ION ,I %\LD SC>CELY HAVE DEIGN$ TO ADDRESS TO A LESS MAN ?AN Y\RSELF7 :O >E ! SPECULATORS :OM Y\ DESIGNATE BY ! FOLL[+ EPI!TS8 - ,SUP]FICIAL & MO/ MIS*IEV\S SOCIALI/S1 P4 #b#d- ( FATAL CONTROV]SIES1 P4 #c- M5 :O1 9 PURSUIT ( A TRANSI5T POPUL>ITY1 HAVE EX]T$ !IR >T TO DISGUISE ! MO/ MIS]ABLE COMMONPLACES 9 ! %APE ( P>ADOX1 P4 #c#b- PROMULGATORS ( ABSURD & MON/R\S SY/EMS1 P4 #c#e- ( ABOM9ABLE & PE/IL5TIAL P>ADOXES1 P4 #c#f- %ALL[ METAPHYSICIANS -SOPHI/S SWELL$ ) 9SOL5T CONCEIT1 P4 #c#f- SAVAGE DESOLATORS1 P4 #* #b40 

  ,IF !SE EPI!TS >E MEANT TO APPLY TO ,R\SSEAU1 ,TURGOT1 OR ,CONDORCET1 WILL Y\ CONDESC5D TO 9=M ME H[ IT IS Y\ HAVE DISCOV]$1 ?AT !IR MOTIVES W]E LESS PURE OR LESS PHILAN?ROPICAL1 ?AN ?OSE ( ,GROTIUS1 ,PUFF5DORFF1 ,WOLFF1 ,BURLAMAQUI OR ,VATTEL1 :O >E ! SUBJECTS ( Y\R APPLAUSE8 ,IT W\LD P]HAPS BE PRESUMPTION 9 ME TO SUPPOSE ?AT ANY PORTION ( ?IS 9VECTIVE WAS DESIGN$ TO LI<T UPON MYSELF2 BUT1 IF IT W]E1 ,I MU/ BE ALL[$ TO ANSW] ?AT1 H[EV] WEAK MY SPECULATIONS MAY BE1 ,I AM NOT CONSCI\S ( !IR DI%ONE/Y4 

  ,AGA91 SUPPOS+ ! MOTIVES ( ! AU?ORS Y\ SEEM DISPOS$ TO TREAT AS HET]ODOX W]E LESS PURE ?AN ?OSE ( ! OR?ODOX 7& ,I BOLD NO MOTIVES TO BE UNMIX$71 IS IT ! S\NDE/ & MO/ MANLY WAY ( REFUT+ AN AU?OR'S P>ADOXES1 TO LOAD HIS *>ACT] ) ODIUM1 & HIS DOCTR9ES ) A FRI<TFUL CATALOG ( CONSEQU5CES1 P]NICI\S & IMMORAL8 ,I AM ! MORE SURPRIS$ AT ?IS 9 ! ,DISC\RSE BE=E ME1 AS1 9 ! P]SONAL 9T]C\RSE :I* = YE>S ,I HAVE BE5 SO =TUNATE AS TO BOLD ) Y\1 ,I HAVE ALWAYS F\ND Y\ ! CLOSE/1 ! MO/ DISPASSIONATE & C&ID DISPUTANT ,I EV] 5C\NT]$4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,I %\LD REALLY BE HAPPY TO MEET Y\ AS A LIT]>Y ANTAGONI/2 = ,I %\LD REJOICE TO HAVE ! MI/AKES 9TO :I* ,I MAY HAVE FALL5 CORRECT$1 & ,I KN[ NO MAN SO COMPET5T TO ! TASK AS Y\RSELF4 ,BUT1 IF Y\ CONDESC5D TO REFUTE MY ]RORS1 #a %\LD V]Y E>NE/LY ) ?AT Y\ W\LD CONSOLE ME1 BY ! LIB]ALITY & G5]OSITY ( Y\R MANN]1 = ! PHILOSOPHICAL PATI5CE :I* ! TASK ( SEE+ HIS SY/EMS DEMOLI%$ W\LD REQUIRE FROM ANY HUMAN BE+4 ,IT W\LD BE A CONSOLATION1 NOT TO MY P]SONAL FEEL+S M]ELY1 BUT UPON G5]AL PR9CIPLES4 

  ,NO MAN1 :O1 AFT] HAV+ M$ITAT$ UPON PHILOSOPHICAL SUBJECTS1 GIVES ! RESULT ( HIS REFLECTIONS TO ! WORLD1 BELIEVES ?AT1 = HAV+ DONE SO1 BE DES]VES TO BE TREAT$ LIKE A HI<WAYMAN OR AN ASSASS93 & ?IS SORT ( 9VECTIVE1 ,I ?9K1 UPON FUR!R CONSID]ATION1 Y\ WILL NOT D5Y1 CONTRIBUTES MU* MORE EFFECTUALLY TO ! SPREAD ( MALIGNITY & P]SECUTION ?AN ( SCI5CE & TRU?4 

,I AM1 ) GREAT REG>D1 Y\RS1 @&C4 

  ,?IS LETT]1 AS BE+ 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE MY [N1 & 9 ITS APPLICATION RELAT+ M]ELY TO ! LETT] WRIT] & ! P]SON TO :OM IT IS ADDRESS$1 9 A SORT ( PUBLIC CAPACITY1 ,I HOLD MYSELF AT LIB]TY TO 9S]T H]E = ! PURPOSE ( ILLU/RAT+ ! PRES5T >GUM5T4 ,I DO NOT FEEL ?AT ,I AM EQUALLY FREE UPON ! PO9T ( ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%'S ANSW]4 ,I %ALL !RE=E ONLY SAY ?AT1 IF IT W]E 9S]T$1 IT W\LD NOT FAIL1 PROVID$ IT BAD BE5 FOLL[$ BY A CORRESPOND5T CONDUCT1 TO R$\ND 9 ! HI<E/ DEGREE TO ! CR$IT ( ! WRIT]4 

     ,I SOON F\ND H[EV] ?AT :AT ,I HAD WRITT5 TOTALLY FAIL$ ( ! EFFECT1 ( MOD]AT+ ! 9DECORUM & VIOL5CE ( ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%'S /YLE4 ,I WAS NOT PRES5T AT ! FIR/ ( ! ,LECTURES DELIV]$ 9 ,L9COLN'S ,9N ,HALL4 ,I ATT5D$ ! TWO OR ?REE FOLL[+2 & ,I %\LD HAVE CONT9U$ MY ATT5DANCE1 BAD IT NOT BE5 ?AT ! EXPRESSIONS1 :I* ,I BELIEV$ TO BE P]SONAL 9 ! SPEAK]1 & :I* ,I SAW W]E UND]/OOD AS P]SONAL TO ME BY MANY ( ! HE>]S1 W]E SO CONT9UAL1 & HAD SO LITTLE MOD]ATION1 AS MADE IT UTT]LY IMPROP] = ME TO BE ! SIL5T SPECTATOR & WITNESS ( AN ATTACK1 TO :I* FROM ITS NATURE & CIRCUM/ANCES ,I C\LD NOT REPLY4 

     ,BUT1 ?\< ,I CEAS$ TO BE AN AUDITOR ( ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%'S ,LECTURES1 ,I DID NOT CEASE TO HE> ( ! SPIRIT & TEMP] ) :I* !Y W]E M>K$4 ,ONE P]SON 9 P>TICUL>1 UPON ! ACCURACY ( :OSE OBS]VATION & ! FIDELITY ( :OSE MEMORY ,I C\LD 5TIRELY RELY1 REPORT$ TO ME1 NOT CON/ANTLY1 BUT FROM TIME TO TIME1 ! /YLE 9 :I* !Y W5T ON4 ,FROM HIS REPORT1 & ?AT ( MANY O!RS1 ,I F\ND ?AT !Y W]E 9 A /ATE ( CONT9UAL IMPROVEM5T1 9 EV]Y ?+ ?AT C\LD DO HONOR TO A ,DOM9ICAN OR AN 9QUISITOR4 

     ,ONE S5T5CE1 ?\< 9 REALITY !RE WAS LITTLE ROOM = ! EX]CISE ( *OICE1 /RUCK ME SO =CIBLY ?AT ,I 9/ANTLY TOOK IT D[N FROM ! M\? ( ?IS P]SON1 :O HAD AS 9/ANTLY VISIT$ ME AFT] ! ,LECTURE WAS OV]4 ,BY AN ACCID5T NOT WOR? M5TION+ ,I L(T ?IS M9UTE FROM MY POSSESSION1 SOME TIME AFT] IT WAS MADE4 ,W]E IT N[ BE=E ME1 ,I %\LD HAVE NO HESITATION TO V\* = ITS ACCURACY TO ! M9UTE/ SYLLABLE4 ,QUOT+1 AS ,I AM N[ COMPELL$ TO DO1 FROM MY [N MEMORY ( ITS CONT5TS1 ,I CAN ONLY ANSW] = GIV+ A FAI?FUL REPRES5TATION ( ITS SPIRIT & S5TIM5T4 0,G5TLEM510 SAID ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%1 0MAY BE ASSUR$ ?AT1 IF !SE SELF-CALL$ PHILOSOPH]S ONCE CAME TO HAVE P[] 9 !IR H&S1 IT W\LD SPE$ILY BE SE5 ?AT ! CONSEQU5CES ,I DRAW FROM !IR DOCTR9ES1 >E NOT1 AS !Y W\LD HAVE US BELIEVE1 F>-FET*$ 9F]5CES2 !Y W\LD BE SE5 TO BE REALIZ$ 9 ACTION2 & ?OSE :O MA9TA9 !M W\LD BE F\ND AS F]OCI\S AS BLOOD- ?IR/Y1 & FULL ( P]SONAL AMBITION1 AS ! WOR/ ( ?OSE M5 :O %ELT]$ !MSELVES UND] SIMIL> PRET5SIONS 9 A NEI<BOR+ C\NTRY4 0,I DO NOT MEAN TO REBUKE ANY S+LE EXPRESSION 9 ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%'S ,LECTURES2 ,I 5T] MY PROTE/ AGA9/ ! :OLE SPIRIT ) :I* !Y W]E ANIMAT$1 & BY :I* ALMO/ EV]Y S+LE ,LECTURE WAS 9 A GREAT] OR LESS DEGREE *>ACT]IZ$4 

     ,AMONG MANY OBJECTIONS ?AT ,I FELT AGA9/ ?IS SPECIES ( DECLAMATION1 ONE WAS AS FOLL[S4 ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%'S PLAN1 IT SEEMS1 DID NOT ADMIT ( HIS NAM+ SPECIFICALLY ANY 9DIVIDUAL POLITICAL WRIT] ( ! PRES5T DAY4 ,:AT WAS ! CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS8 ,IF HE HAD NAM$ ME1 = 9/ANCE1 OLD HABITS ( FAMILI>ITY & 9T]C\RSE W\LD HAVE OBLIG$ HIM TO 9T]POSE SOME?+ K9D & CONSID]ATE1 RESPECT+ A MAN :O HAD BE51 & :O WI%$ /ILL TO CONT9UE HIS FRI5D4 ,IF HE BAD NAM$ ME1 OR ANY ONE CIRCUM/ANC$ AS ,I WAS1 HE W\LD HAVE BE5 OBLIG$ TO MAKE SOME CONCESSION TO ! 9TELLECTUAL P[]S ( A MAN1 :OM HE JUDG$ WOR?Y TO BE TAK5 AS ! ET]NAL SUBJECT ( HIS REFUTATION4 ,BUT1 %ELT]+ HIMSELF 9 G5]ALITIES1 HE ?\<T HIMSELF 5TITL$ TO REVOLVE 9CESSANTLY BETWE5 ! EXTREMES ( CONTEMPT & ABHORR5CE1 )\T ONE 9T]VAL TO %[ ?AT HE REG>D$ HIS ADV]S>Y AS POSSESS+ ! =M OR *>ACT]I/ICS ( A HUMAN CREATURE4 

     ,IT WAS MY =TUNE TO BE1 AMONG ,5GLI% WRIT]S1 ! MO/ CONSPICU\S & G5]ALLY KN[N ( ?OSE :OM ,MR4 ,MACK9TO% & HIS FRI5DS HAVE NICKNAM$ ADVOCATES ( ! ,NEW ,PHILOSOPHY4 ,?IS IS NO BOA/2 IT IS ON ! PRES5T OCCASION1 & 9 ! CIRCLE ( ! AUDITORY 9 ,L9COLN'S ,9N ,HALL1 LIKE ! SITUATION ( ,MILTON'S DEVIL 9 ,P&EMONIUM1 A 0PA9FUL PREEM95CE40 ,! CONSEQU5CE WAS H[EV]1 ?AT EV]Y S5T5CE ( 9VECTIVE AGA9/ ! ,NEW ,PHILOSOPHY1 WAS BY MANY ( ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%'S HE>]S AS FAI?FULLY APPLI$ TO ME1 AS IF ! LECTUR] BAD SPOK5 ( ME BY NAME4 

     ,!RE >E TWO ?+S1 ESPECIALLY WOR?Y ( NOTICE1 AS 9SEP>ABLE FROM ?IS MODE ( ATTACK UPON A POLITICAL WRIT] 9 A S]IES ( ,LECTURES4 ,FIR/1 ! ATTACK PROCE$S A UNI=M & UN9T]RUPT$ /YLE )\T ADMITT+ ( AN ANSW]4 ,?REE TIMES A WEEK DID ,MR4  ,MACK9TO% ADDRESS AN AUDI5CE ( ONE HUNDR$ P]SONS1 DISSECT+ & MANGL+ MY S5TIM5TS & REASON+S AS HE PLEAS$1 )\T ! POSSIBILITY ( MY 9 ANY WAY *ECK+ HIS C>E]4 ,IF ,MR4 ,MACK9TO% BAD PR9T$ HIS ANIMADV]SIONS AS ,I PR9T$ MY ,9QUIRY1 ,I MI<T HAVE EXAM9$ !M DELIB]ATELY1 & REPLI$ OR NOT1 ACCORD+LY AS ,I JUDG$ !Y CALL$ = REPLY4 ,N[1 HAV+ V5TUR$ ONLY TO QUOTE A S+LE S5T5CE1 ,MR4 ,MACK9TO% MAY %ELT] HIMSELF UND] ! CONFESS$ 9ACCURACY ) :I* ,I HAVE REPRES5T$ ! WORDS ( HIS S5T5CE1 & FROM !NCE MAY CONCLUDE1 IF HE PLEASES1 ?AT ,I HAVE MISREPRES5T$ ! SPIRIT4 ,BUT FUR!R2 IF ,MR4 ,MACK9TO% BAD PR9T$1 9/EAD ( SPOK5 HIS ANIMADV]SIONS HE W\LD HAVE F\ND HIMSELF1 9 SPITE ( HIS NEW-BORN ZEAL1 *ECK$ 9 SOME ( HIS SUBLIME/ FLI<TS1 & R$UC$ 9 A C]TA9 DEGREE )9 ! B\NDS ( PROPRIETY & DEC5CY4 

     ,ANO!R FEATURE1 9SEP>ABLE FROM AN ATTACK1 :I* IS AT LEA/ G5]ALLY CON/RU$ AS P]SONAL1 9 A S]IES ( PUBLIC ,LECTURES1 IS TO BE F\ND 9 ?IS KN[N FACT1 ! CONTAGI\SNESS ( HUMAN PASSIONS :5 EXPRESS$ 9 SOCIETY4 ,( ?IS AT ALL EV5TS AN ,ANTI-,JACOB9 \<T TO HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY AW>E4 ,:5 ,MR4 ,MACK9TO% WAS ?REE TIMES A WEEK EXPRESS+ UNCONTRADICT$ 9 ALL ! RI*NESS ( HIS V>I$ PHRASEOLOGY HIS CONTEMPT & ABHORR5CE ( ME & MY WRIT+S1 & REPRES5T+ ME AS A WRET*1 :O ONLY WANT$ ! P[]1 9 ORD] TO PROVE HIMSELF AS 9F]NAL AS ,ROBESPI]RE1 H[ DID HE KN[ ?AT BE WAS NOT 9CIT+ AUDI5CE TO P]SONAL \TRAGE1 TO ! TE>+ ME TO PIECES8 ,OR1 LET IT BE GRANT$ ?AT HIS AUDI5CE W]E BY !IR $UCATION & CONDITION 9 LIFE SECUR$ FROM !SE EXCESSES1 HE WAS AT LEA/ 9DU/RI\SLY PLANT+1 AS = AS WAS 9 HIS P[]1 A DISLIKE & ABHORR5CE T[>DS ME 9 EV]Y ONE ( !IR BREA/S4 ,I AM HOT MU* 9 ! HABIT ( 9DULG+ P]SONAL AL>MS2 BUT1 :]E ! PUBLIC IS CONC]N$1 ,I CONFESS ,I HAVE NO GREAT AFFECTION = A MOB1 EI!R VULG> OR POLITE4 

     ,FROM ,MR4 ,MACK9TO% ,I PROCE$ TO ,DR4 ,P>R4 

     ,& H]E ,I MU/ FIR/ REM>K1 ?AT SEV]AL ( ! OBS]VATIONS ,I HAD OCCASION TO MAKE 9 ATTEMPT+ TO DEL9EATE ! HI/ORY ( APO/ACY1 DO NOT APPLY TO ,DR4 ,P>R4 ,HE IS NOT NN APO/ATE1 OR NOT AN APO/ATE 9 ! S5SE 9 :I* ! P]SONS !RE REF]R$ TO >E SU*4 ,HIS HEAD & HIS LOGIC HAVE1 ,I BELIEVE1 SC>CELY EV] BE5 FAVORABLE TO EXP]IM5TS1 OR TO SPECULATIONS :I* MI<T LEAD TO EXP]IM5TS1 = MELIORAT+ ! POLITICAL CONDITIONS ( MANK9D4 ,I HAVE ALWAYS F\ND HIM ! ADVOCATE ( OLD E/ABLI%M5TS1 & :AT APPE>$ TO ME OLD ABUSES4 ,BUT 9 ?IS RESPECT HIS HE>T SEEM$ TO MY APPREH5SION MU* BETT] ?AN HIS LOGIC2 ! G5]OSITY ( HIS S5TIM5TS & ! W>M? ( HIS TEMP] HAVE (T5 L$ HIM TO EXPRESS P>TIALITIES AS HONORABLE TO HIM1 & WI%ES AS LITTLE LIKELY TO PLEASE \R POLITICAL SUP]IOR1 AS IF HIS CRE$ HAD BE5 MORE FAVORABLE TO ?OSE OBJECTS ,I AM ACCU/OM$ TO LOVE4 

     ,BUT1 ?\< ,I DO NOT ACCUSE ,DR4 ,P>R ( T]GIV]SATION1 OR T]GIV]SATION ( ! SAME SORT AS !IRS :OSE CONDUCT HE IS N[ IMITAT+1 YET  7IF HE WILL P]MIT ME SO F> TO COMPLIM5T HIS TAL5TS AS TO COMP>E !M TO :ATEV] IS MO/ AWFUL 9 ! ELEM5TS ( NATURE7 ,I WILL ACCUSE H91 AS ,K+ ,LE> REPROA*ES ! ANGRY SKIES1 ?AT1 IF HE W]E NOT ( MY POLITICAL K9DR$1 & 0[$ ME NO SUBSCRIPTION1 YET ,I CALL HIM S]VILE0 AUXILI>Y1 ?AT HE HAS 0JO9$ HIS HI<-5G5DR$ BATTLES0 TO !IRS4 

     ,ALL ?AT ,I AM N[ COMM5T+ UPON1 IS ! TIME :I* ,DR4 ,P>R HAS *OS5 = HIS ATTACK4 ,!RE IS NO?+ :I* ,I CAN P]CEIVE 9 ! PUBLIC SITUATION ( ?+S ?AT REQUIR$ IT4 ,JACOB9ISM WAS DE/ROY$2 ITS P>TY1 AS A P>TY1 WAS EXT+UI%$2 ITS T5ETS W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ALMO/ UNIV]SAL UNPOPUL>ITY & ODIUM2 !Y W]E DES]T$ BY ALMO/ EV]Y MAN1 HI< OR L[1 9 ! ISL& ( ,GREAT ,BRITA94 ,?IS IS ! TIME ,DR4 ,P>R HAS *OS5 TO MU/] HIS TROOPS1 & S\ND ! TRUMPET ( W>4 

     ,?US /&S ! PUBLIC VIEW ( ! P]IOD4 ,AS TO MYSELF1 AFT] HAV+ = F\R YE>S HE>D LITTLE ELSE ?AN ! VOICE ( COMM5DATION1 ,I WAS AT L5G? ATTACK$ FROM EV]Y SIDE1 & 9 A /YLE :I* DEFI$ ALL MOD]ATION & DEC5CY4 ,NO VEHICLE WAS TOO MEAN1 NO LANGUAGE TOO CO>SE & 9SULT+1 BY :I* TO CONVEY ! V5OM ( MY ADV]S>IES4 ,! ABUSE WAS SO (T5 REPEAT$1 ?AT AT L5G? ! BY/&]S1 & P]HAPS ! P>TIES !MSELVES1 BEGAN TO BELIEVE :AT !Y HAD SO VEHEM5TLY ASS]T$4 ,! CRY SPREAD LIKE A G5]AL 9FECTION1 & ,I HAVE BE5 TOLD ?AT NOT EV5 A PETTY NOVEL = BO>D+-S*OOL MISSES N[ V5TURES TO ASPIRE TO FAVOR1 UNLESS IT CONTA9 SOME EXPRESSIONS ( DISLIKE & ABHOR5CE TO ! NEW PHILOSOPHY & ITS *IEF 7OR %ALL ,I SAY ITS MO/ VOLUM9\S87 ,5GLI% ADH]5T4 ,I DO !N ACCUSE ,DR4 ,P>R ?AT1 9/EAD ( ATTEMPT+ TO GIVE ! TONE TO HIS CONTEMPOR>IES1 AS HIS ABILITIES WELL 5TITLE HIM TO DO1 HE HAS CONDESC5D$ TO JO9 A CRY1 AFT] IT HAD ALREADY BECOME L\D & NUM]\S4 

    ,9 :AT ,I %ALL ?9K PROP] TO SAY EXPRESSLY ON ! TOPIC ( ,DR4 ,P>R'S ,SPITAL ,S]MON1 ,I %ALL FIR/ LAY BE=E ! READ] A SPECIM5 ( ! /YLE & SPIRIT 9 :I* IT IS WRITT51 & !N COMM5T UPON SO MU* ( ! >GUM5T ( IT1 AS ,I MAY *ANCE TO FEEL MYSELF P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/$ 94  

     ,IT MAY APPE> AT FIR/ SI<T A LITTLE SURPRIS+ ?AT ALL !RE IS ( GALL1 9TOL]ANCE & CONTEMPT 9 ,DR4 ,P>R'S PUBLICATION1 IS CONTA9$ 9 ?AT P>T ( IT :I* WAS DELIV]$ BY HIM FROM ! PULPIT 9 ! *>ACT] ( A ,*RI/IAN PREA*]1 & ?AT :ATEV] IS G5TLEMANLIKE1 LIB]AL OR C&ID IS ?R[N BACK 9TO ! ,NOTES4 ,IT W\LD NOT P]HAPS BE V]Y DIFFICULT1 IF IT W]E NECESS>Y TO MY DISQUISITION1 TO ACC\NT = ?IS4 ,I CANNOT H[EV] AVOID US+ ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE 9 ILLU/RATION ( MY >GUM5T RESPECT+  ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%3 ?AT1 :ILE M5 5TR5* !MSELVES 9 G5]ALITIES1 ! ELOQU5CE ( 9VECTIVE IS TOO APT TO F9D A READY WAY TO !IR LIPS2 BUT1 :5 !Y NAME 9DIVIDUALS1 !Y WILL NECESS>ILY1 IF NOT DEAD TO EV]Y FEEL+ ( +5U\SNESS1 YIELD SOME ATT5TION TO ! DICTATES ( GOOD TEMP] & DEC5CY4 ,9 ,DR4 ,P>R'S PUBLICATION1 ,I AM NOT DIRECTLY SPOK5 ( 9 ! ,S]MON1 BUT1 :5 HE COMES TO ! ,NOTES1 HE1 9 A WAY :I* IS 5TITL$ TO MY COMM5DATION1 NAMES ! 9DIVIDUAL :OM ! REF]5CE CONC]NS1 & QUOTES HIS WORDS4 

     ,! FOLL[+ EXPRESSIONS !RE=E >E DRAWN EXCLUSIVELY FROM ! BODY ( ! ,S]MON4 0 ,! PHILAN?ROPIC SY/EM IS ACCOMPANI$ BY A LONG & PORT5T\S TRA9 ( EVILS1 :I* HAVE BE5 NEGLIG5TLY OV]LOOK$ OR 9SIDI\SLY DISGUIS$ BY ITS PANEGYRIFTS1 P4 #b4- ,9 ! MOTIVES BY :I* ! PHILAN?ROPI/ IS IMPELL$1 ! K9D AFFECTIONS MAY BE SO WRI!D R\ND ! UNSOCIAL1- ?AT1 IF \R COMMON S5SE DID NOT REVOLT FROM ! 9CONGRU\S MASS1 SC>CELY ANY PROCESS C\LD SEP>ATE AFFECTATION FROM HYPOCRISY 1 DELUSION FROM MALIGNITY1 ?AT :I* DES]VES ONLY CONTEMPT OR PITY FROM ?AT :I* CALLS AL\D = REPROBATION1 P4 #c40 -,! *AMPIONS ( ?IS SY/EM >E 0M51 NEI!R ALTOGE!R ASLEEP 9 FOLLY1 NOR SUFFICI5TLY AWAKE 9 ! TRUE LI<T ( UND]/&+1 P4#e4-,TO FILL ! CAPACI\S M9D ( A MOD]N SAGE1 :O IS RAPT 9 BEATIFIC VISIONS ( UNIV]SAL B5EVOL5CE1 P4 #i - ,IF ! REPRES5TATIONS WE HAVE LATELY HE>D ( UNIV]SAL PHILAN?ROPY S]V$ ONLY TO AMUSE ! FANCY1 WE MI<T BE TEMPT$ TO SMILE AT !M AS GR\NDLESS & H>MLESS1 P4 #a4- ,:E!R WE >E 9DUC$ BY -----1 OR BY A SUPPOS$ PR(ICI5CY 9 PHILOSOPHY1 TO ?9K MORE HI<LY ( \RSELVES ?AN WE \<T TO ?9K1 & TO SEEK !+-S*OOL MISSES N[ V5TURES TO ASPIRE TO FAVOR1 UNLESS IT CONTA9 SOME EXPRESSIONS ( DISLIKE & ABHOR5CE TO ! NEW PHILOSOPHY & ITS *IEF 7OR %ALL ,I FAY ITS MO/ VOLUM9\S87 ,5GLI% ADH]5T4 ,I DO !N ACCUSE ,DR4 ,P>R ?AT1 9/EAD ( ATTEMPT+ TO GIVE ! TONE TO HIS CONTEMPOR>IES1 AS HIS ABILITIES WELL 5TITLE HIM TO DO1 HE HAS CONDESC5D$ TO JO9 A CRY1 AFT] IT HAD ALREADY BECOME L\D & NUM]\S4 

     ,9 :AT ,I %ALL ?9K PROP] TO SAY EXPRESSLY ON ! TOPIC ( ,DR4 ,P>R'S ,SPITAL ,S]MON1 ,I %ALL FIR/ LAY BE=E ! READ] A SPECIM5 ( ! /YLE & SPIRIT 9 :I* IT IS WRITT51 & !N COMM5T UPON SO MU* ( ! >GUM5T ( IT1 AS ,I MAY *ANCE TO FEEL MYSELF P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/$ 94 

     ,IT MAY APPE> AT FIR/ SI<T A LITTLE SURPRIS+ ?AT ALL !RE IS ( GALL1 9TOL]ANCE & CONTEMPT 9 ,DR4 ,P>R'S PUBLICATION1 IS CONTA9$ 9 ?AT P>T ( IT :I* WAS DELIV]$ BY HIM FROM ! PULPIT 9 ! *>ACT] ( A ,*RI/IAN PREA*]1 & ?AT :ATEV] IS G5TLEMANLIKE1 LIB]AL OR C&ID IS ?R[N BACK 9TO ! ,NOTES4 ,IT W\LD NOT P]HAPS BE V]Y DIFFICULT1 IF IT W]E NECESS>Y TO MY DISQUISITION1 TO ACC\NT = ?IS4 ,I CANNOT H[EV] AVOID US+ ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE 9 ILLU/RATION ( MY >GUM5T RESPECT+  ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%3 ?AT1 :ILE M5 5TR5* !MSELVES 9 G5]ALITIES1 ! ELOQU5CE ( 9VECTIVE IS TOO APT TO F9D A READY WAY TO !IR LIPS2 BUT1 :5 !Y NAME 9DIVIDUALS1 !Y WILL NECESS>ILY1 IF NOT DEAD TO EV]Y FEEL+ ( +5U\SNESS1 YIELD SOME ATT5TION TO ! DICTATES ( GOOD TEMP] & DEC5CY4 ,9 ,DR4 ,P>R'S PUBLICATION1 ,I AM NOT DIRECTLY SPOK5 ( 9 ! ,S]MON1 BUT1 :5 HE COMES TO ! ,NOTES1 HE1 9 A WAY :I* IS 5TITL$ TO MY COMM5DATION1 NAMES ! 9DIVIDUAL :OM ! REF]5CE CONC]NS1 & QUOTES HIS WORDS4 

     ,! FOLL[+ EXPRESSIONS !RE=E >E DRAWN EXCLUSIVELY FROM ! BODY ( ! ,S]MON4 0 ,! PHILAN?ROPIC SY/EM IS ACCOMPANI$ BY A LONG & PORT5T\S TRA9 ( EVILS1 :I* HAVE BE5 NEGLIG5TLY OV]LOOK$ OR 9SIDI\SLY DISGUIS$ BY ITS PANEGYRIFTS1 P4 #b4- ,9 ! MOTIVES BY :I* ! PHILAN?ROPI/ IS IMPELL$1 ! K9D AFFECTIONS MAY BE SO WRI!D R\ND ! UNSOCIAL1- ?AT1 IF \R COMMON S5SE DID NOT REVOLT FROM ! 9CONGRU\S MASS1 SC>CELY ANY PROCESS C\LD SEP>ATE AFFECTATION FROM HYPOCRISY 1 DELUSION FROM MALIGNITY1 ?AT :I* DES]VES ONLY CONTEMPT OR PITY FROM ?AT :I* CALLS AL\D = REPROBATION1 P4 #c40 -,! *AMPIONS ( ?IS SY/EM >E 0M51 NEI!R ALTOGE!R ASLEEP 9 FOLLY1 NOR SUFFICI5TLY AWAKE 9 ! TRUE LI<T ( UND]/&+1 P4#e4-,TO FILL ! CAPACI\S M9D ( A MOD]N SAGE1 :O IS RAPT 9 BEATIFIC VISIONS ( UNIV]SAL B5EVOL5CE1 P4 #i - ,IF ! REPRES5TATIONS WE HAVE LATELY HE>D ( UNIV]SAL PHILAN?ROPY S]V$ ONLY TO AMUSE ! FANCY1 WE MI<T BE TEMPT$ TO SMILE AT !M AS GR\NDLESS & H>MLESS1 P4 #a4- ,:E!R WE >E 9DUC$ BY -----1 OR BY A SUPPOS$ PR(ICI5CY 9 PHILOSOPHY1 TO ?9K MORE HI<LY ( \RSELVES ?AN WE \<T TO ?9K1 & TO SEEK ! PRAISE ( M5 BY AFFECT+ TO BE RI<TE\S OV] MU*1 ! HAU<T9ESS ( \R PRET5SIONS WILL AWAK5 SUSPICION 91 @&C4 P4 #a#a4- ,SOCRATES DID NOT MISEMPLOY HIS TAL5TS 9 WILY 9S9UATIONS1 OR DECLAMATORY H>ANGUES1 TO ! DISCR$IT & GRATITUDE ( PATRIOTISM1 DITTO4 

     ,I N[ DISMISS ! DIRECT CONSID]ATION ( :AT IS P]SONAL & ILLIB]AL 9 ,DR4 ,P>R'S ,S]MON1 & PROCE$ TO A %ORT COMM5T UPON ! TRA9 ( HIS >GUM5T4 

     ,P]SONS NOT V]S$ 9 ! MY/]IES ( ?IS CONTROV]SY1 MAY P]HAPS BE AT A LOSS TO UND]/&1 :Y :AT ,DR4 ,P>R CALLS ! DOCTR9E ( 0UNIV]SAL PHILAN?ROPY0 %\LD AWAK5 9 LAWY]S & DIV9ES1 9 REVIEW]S & SCRIBBL]S = ! CIRCULAT+ LIBR>IES1 SU* FI]C5ESS ( 9VECTIVE1 & SU* VEHEM5CE ( REPROBATION4 ,I PROCE$ TO EXAM9E H[ F> IT DES]VES ! TREATM5T IT HAS EXP]I5C$4 

     ,& H]E1 ?AT ! QUE/ION MAY BE PLAC$ AT ONCE 9 ! CLE>E/ LI<T TO ! MO/ UN9=M$ READ]1 ,I WILL SET \T ) TRANSCRIB+ A PASSAGE FROM ! PREFACE TO A BOOK1 PUBLI%$ BY ME 9 ,DECEMB] #a#g#i#i1 & 5TITL$1  0,/4 ,LEON 3 A ,TALE ( ! ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY20 :I* PASSAGE IS ALSO TRANSCRIB$ BY ,DR4 ,P>R1 9 ! ,NOTES TO HIS ,S]MON1 P4 #e#b1 ?\< FROM SOME CAUSE1 HE HAS NOT SPECIFI$ ! BOOK FROM :I* ! QUOTATION IS TAK54 

     0,SOME READ]S ( MY GRAV] PRODUCTIONS WILL P]HAPS1 9 P]US+ !SE LITTLE VOLUMES1 ACCUSE ME ( 9CONSI/5CY2 ! AFFECTIONS & *>ITIES ( PRIVATE LIFE1 BE+ EV]Y :]E 9 ?IS PUBLICATION A TOPIC ( ! W>ME/ EULOGIUM1 :ILE 9 ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE !Y SEEM$ TO BE TREAT$ ) NO DEGREE ( 9DULG5CE & FAVOR4 ,9 ANSW] TO ?IS OBJECTION ALL ,I ?9K IT NECESS>Y TO SAY ON ! PRES5T OCCASION1 IS ?AT1 = MORE ?AN F\R YE>S1 ,I HAVE BE5 ANXI\S = OPPORTUNITY & LEISURE TO MODIFY SOME ( ! E>LI] *APT]S ( ?AT WORK 9 CON=MITY TO ! S5TIM5TS 9CULCAT$ 9 ?IS4 ,NOT ?AT ,I SEE CAUSE TO MAKE ANY *ANGE RESPECT+ ! PR9CIPLE ( JU/ICE1 OR ANY ?+ ELSE FUNDAM5TAL TO ! SY/EM !RE DELIV]$2 BUT ?AT ,I APPREH5D DOME/IC & PRIVATE AFFECTIONS 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! NATURE ( MAN1 & FROM :AT MAY BE /YL$ ! CULTURE ( ! HE>T1 & AM FULLY P]SUAD$ ?AT !Y >E NOT 9COMPATIBLE ) A PR(\ND & ACTIVE S5SE ( JU/ICE 9 ! M9D ( HIM ?AT *]I%ES !M4 ,! WAY 9 :I* !SE SEEM+LY J>R+ PR9CIPLES MAY BE RECONCIL$1 IS 9 P>T PO9T$ \T 9 A REC5T PUBLICATION ( M9E .<,MEMOIRS ( ! ,AU?OR ( A ,V9DICATION ( ! ,RI<TS ( ,WOMAN1 *4 VI4 P4 #i4 SECOND $ITION.>1 ! WORDS4 ( :I* ,I WILL H]E !RE=E TAKE ! LIB]TY TO REPEAT4 ,!Y >E !SE3  

     0,A S\ND MORALITY REQUIRES ?AT NO?+ HUMAN %\LD BE REG>D$ BY US AS 9DIFF]5T2 BUT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE WE %\LD NOT FEEL ! /RONGE/ 9T]E/ = ?OSE P]SONS :OM WE KN[ MO/ 9TIMATELY1 & :OSE WELF>E & SYMPA?IES >E UNIT$ TO \R [N4  

,TRUE WISDOM WILL RECOMM5D TO US 9DIVIDUAL ATTA*M5TS2 = ) !M \R M9DS >E MORE ?OR\<LY MA9TA9$ 9 ACTIVITY & LIFE ?AN !Y CAN BE UND] ! PRIVATION ( !M1 & IT IS BETT] ?AT MAN %\LD BE A LIV+ BE+1 ?AN A /OCK OR A /ONE4 ,TRUE VIRTUE WILL SANCTION ?IS RECOMM5DATION2 S9CE IT IS ! OBJECT ( VIRTUE TO PRODUCE HAPP9ESS2 & S9CE ! MAN :O LIVES 9 ! MID/ ( DOME/IC RELATIONS1 WILL HAVE MANY OPPORTUNITIES ( CONF]R+ PLEASURE1 M9UTE 9 ! DETAIL1 YET NOT TRIVIAL 9 ! AM\NT1 )\T 9T]F]+ ) ! PURPOSES ( G5]AL B5EVOL5CE4 ,NAY1 BY K9DL+ HIS S5SIBILITY1 & H>MONIZ+ HIS S\L1 !Y MAY BE EXPECT$1 IF HE IS 5D[$ ) A LIB]AL & MANLY SPIRIT1 TO R5D] HIM MORE PROMPT 9 ! S]VICE ( /RANG]S & ! PUBLIC40 

,/4 ,L,E,O,N1 ,PREFACE1 P4 VIII4 

        ,H]E IS A FULL & EXPLICIT AV[AL ( ALL ,I ACKN[L$GE OR P]CEIVE TO BE ]RONE\S UPON ?IS PO9T 9 ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE2 & ?IS IS ! PO9T1 & ! ONLY PO9T1 :I* ,DR4 ,P>R1 AFT] HE KNEW ( MY AV[$ PURPOSE TO 9TRODUCE 9TO IT C]TA9 ESS5TIAL MODIFICATIONS1 HAS ATTEMPT$ TO REFUTE1 ) SU* SUP]CILI\SNESS ( REBUKE1 & VEHEM5CE ( 9VECTIVE4 ,9 FACT IT SEEMS TO ME TO BE BY A V]Y NICE %ADE ?AT ,DR4 ,P>R & ,I DIFF] UPON ?IS PO9T3 BUT ?IS IS NOT ! FIR/ TIME 9 :I* ! WELL-KN[N MAXIM HAS BE5 ILLU/RAT$1 ?AT  0! SMALL] IS ! SPACE BY :I* A MAN IS DIVID$ FROM Y\ 9 OP9ION1 ) ! MORE FURY & 9TEMP]ANCE WILL HE (T5 CONT5D AB\T IT4 

        ,I WILL N[1 FIR/1 ATTEMPT TO ASC]TA9 ! QUANTITY ( PE/IL5TIAL & DE/RUCTIVE CONSEQU5CES :I* W]E LIKE TO HAVE FL[$ FROM ?IS ]ROR 9 MY ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 0= SU* (F5SES ,I AM *>G$ )AL20 &1 SECONDLY1 ,I WILL 9QUIRE 9TO ! S\NDNESS ( :AT ,DR4 ,P>R HAS 0HE>D REM>K$ BY P]SONS WELL SKILL$ 9 ! TACTICS ( CONTROV]SY1 ?AT1 AFT] ! SURR5D] ( SO MANY \TWORKS .<AS >E CONTA9$ 9 ! PO9T ABOVE SPECIFI$.> ! CITADEL ITSELF .<! GREAT PURPOSE AIM$ AT 9 ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE.> IS SC>CELY T5ABLE40 ,S]MON1 P4 #e#b4   

        ,9 5T]+ ON ! FIR/ ( !SE QUE/IONS IT IS RI<T WE %\LD HAVE A CLE> IDEA H[ F> MY ADMISSIONS ALREADY RECIT$ MILITATE ) ANY ?+ ADVANC$ 9 MY ORIG9AL TREATISE4 ,! IDEA ( JU/ICE !RE CONTA9$ IS1 ?AT IT IS A ROLE REQUIR+ FROM US SU* AN APPLICATION ( 0\R TAL5TS1 \R UND]/&+1 \R /R5G?1 & \R TIME #c10 AS %ALL1 9 ! RESULT PRODUCE ! GREATE/ SUM ( PLEASURE1 TO ! SUM ( ?OSE BE+S :O >E CAPABLE ( 5JOY+ ! S5SATION ( PLEASURE4--,N[1 IF ,I DIVIDE MY TIME 9TO PORTIONS1 & CONSID] H[ ! MAJORITY ( ! SMALL] PORTIONS MAY BE SO EMPLOY$1 AS MO/ EFFECTUALLY TO PROCURE PLEASURE TO O!RS1 NO?+ IS MORE OBVI\S1 ?AN ?AT MANY ( !SE PORTIONS CANNOT BE EMPLOY$ SO EFFECTUALLY 9 PROCUR+ PLEASURE1 AS TO MY IMM$IATE CONNECTIONS & FAMILI>S3 HE !RE=E :O W\LD BE ! BE/ MORAL ECONOMI/ ( HIS TIME1 MU/ EMPLOY MU* ( IT 9 SEEK+ ! ADVANTAGE & CONT5T ( ?OSE1 ) :OM HE HAS MO/ FREQU5T 9T]C\RSE4 ,ACCORD+LY IT IS !RE MA9TA9$1 ?AT ! EXT]NAL ACTION RECOMM5D$ BY ?IS1 & BY ! COMMONLY RECEIV$ SY/EMS ( MORALITY1 WILL 9 ! G5]ALITY ( CASES BE ! SAME1 ALL ! DIFF]5CE LY+ 9 ?IS1 ?AT ! MOTIVES EXCIT+ TO ACTION1 UPON ! ONE PR9CIPLE1 & ! O!R1 WILL BE ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T4 

        ,H]E1 ACCORD+ TO MY PRES5T ADMISSION1 LIES ALL ! ]ROR ( :I* ,I AM CONSCI\S1 9 ! ORIG9AL /ATEM5T 9 ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE ,I W\LD N[ SAY ?AT1 09 ! G5]ALITY ( C>ES10 NOT ONLY ! EXT]NAL ACTION1 BUT ! MOTIVE1 \<T TO BE NE>LY ! SAME AS 9 ! COMMONLY RECEIV$ SY/EMS ( MORALITY2 ?AT ,I \<T NOT ONLY1 09 ORD9>Y CASES1 TO PROVIDE = MY WIFE & *ILDR51 MY BRO!RS & RELATIONS1 BE=E ,I PROVIDE = /RANG]S1 P4 #a#c#b10 BUT ?AT IT W\LD BE WELL ?AT MY DO+ SO1 %\LD >ISE FROM ! OP]ATION ( ?OSE PRIVATE & DOME/IC AFFECTIONS1 BY :I* ?R\< ALL AGES ( ! WORLD ! CONDUCT ( MANK9D HAS BE5 EXCIT$ & DIRECT$4 

        ,!RE IS A DI/9CTION TO BE 9TRODUC$ H]E1 ) :I* ,I AM P]SUAD$ ,DR4 ,P>R IS WELL ACQUA9T$1 ?\< = SOME REASON HE HAS *OS5 TO PASS OV] ONE SIDE ( ?IS DI/9CTION 5TIRELY 9 SIL5CE 9 HIS ,S]MON1 BETWE5 ! MOTIVE FROM :I* A VIRTU\S ACTION IS TO >ISE1 & ! CRIT]ION BY :I* IT IS TO BE DET]M9$ TO BE VIRTU\S4 ,! MOTIVES ( HUMAN ACTIONS >E FEEL+S1 OR PASSIONS1 OR HABITS4 ,)\T FEEL+ WE CANNOT ACT AT ALL2 & )\T PASSION WE CANNOT ACT GREATLY4 ,BUT1 :5 WE PROCE$ TO ASC]TA9 :E!R \R ACTIONS >E 5TITL$ TO ! NAME ( VIRTUE1 ?IS CAN ONLY BE DONE BY EXAM9+ 9TO !IR EFFECTS1 BY BR++ !M TO A /&>D & COMP>+ !M ) A CRIT]ION4 

        ,I CANNOT BE MI/AK5 9 AFFIRM+ ?AT ,DR4 ,P>R & ,I >E AGRE$ AB\T ?IS CRIT]ION4 ,ALL ! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT ,DR4 ,P>R IS MO/ 9CL9$ TO CALL ?IS CRIT]ION BY ! NAME ( 0 UTILITY10 & ?AT ,I HAVE (T5E/ CALL$ IT BY ! NAME ( 0JU/ICE40 ,NOR IS ! DIFF]5CE H]E COMPLETE2 S9CE ,I HAVE FREQU5TLY US$ HIS NAME = IT1 ?\< ,I BELIEVE BE HAS NEV] EMPLOY$ M9E4 ,WE >E AGRE$ H[EV]1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 9 ?IS 9T]E/+ & LEAD+ PROPOSITION1 ?AT 0?AT ACTION OR PR9CIPLE :I* DOES NOT T5D TO PRODUCE A G5]AL OV]BALANCE ( PLEASURABLE S5SATION1 IS NOT VIRTU\S40 

        ,:AT !N IS ! MO/ ESS5TIAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 US AS TO ! PR9CIPLE ( MORALS8 ,SIMPLY ?IS1 ?AT ,DR4 ,P>R IS 9CL9$ TO LAY MO/ EMPHASIS1 & MO/ FREQU5TLY TO REM9D ?OSE HE W\LD 9/RUCT1 ( ! MOTIVE FROM :I* AS HUMAN BE+S !IR MORAL ACTIONS MU/ SPR+1 & ?AT ,I W\LD (T5E/ & MO/ E>NE/LY REM9D !M ( ! CRIT]ION BY :I* !Y MU/ ASC]TA9 :E!R !IR ACTIONS >E VIRTU\S4 ,?IS IS ! GREAT S\RCE ( ALL ,DR4 ,P>R'S DECLAMATION4  ,?IS IS ! SUFFICI5T REASON :Y ,I AM TO BE4TREAT$ AS A 0WILY 9S9UATOR1 ! *ILD ( AFFECTATION1 5TITL$ AT BE/ ONLY TO CONTEMPT OR PITY1 A MAN TO BE SMIL$ AT AS DEAL+ 9 GR\NDLESS & UNAU?ORIZ$ HYPO!SES10 TO BE SNE]$ AT1 AS ONLY 0NOT ALTOGE!R ASLEEP 9 FOLLY1 AS A MOD]N SAGE ( CAPACI\S M9D1 RAPT 9 BEATIFIC VISIONS ( B5EVOL5CE20 & MY T5ETS1 AS 0ACCOMPANI$ ) A LONG & PORT5T\S TRA9 ( EVILS1 :I* HAVE BE5 NEGLIG5TLY OV]LOOK$1 OR 9SIDI\SLY DISGUIS$10 BY !IR AU?OR4 

        ,I GRANT H[EV] ?AT !RE IS A REAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,DR4 ,P>R & ME 9 ! PO9T N[ /AT$4 ,HE1 = SOME REASON OR O!R1 HAS NOT ONCE M5TION$ UTILITY1 ! CRIT]ION ( VIRTUE1 9 HIS :OLE ,S]MON4 ,I HAD BE5 TOLD 9DE$ BY ONE ( HIS HE>]S ?AT HE HAD EXPRESSLY CONTRADICT$ & OPPOS$ ?AT PR9CIPLE4 ,I F9D 9 P]US+ ! ,S]MON1 ?AT IT IS ONLY PASS$ OV] 9 SIL5CE2 & ,I !RE=E TAKE IT = GRANT$1 ?AT HIS REAL OP9ION ON ?AT PO9T IS JU/ :AT IT WAS ACCU/OM$ TO BE4 ,DR4 ,P>R 9 ! MEAN TIME1 C]TA9LY UPON ?IS1 & PROBABLY UPON MO/ OCCASIONS IS 9CL9$ TO LAY HIS PR9CIPAL /RESS UPON ! MOTIVES ( VIRTUE3 ,I ON ! CONTR>Y REG>D IT AS ! PROP] & EM95T BUS9ESS ( ! MORALI/1 TO CALL ! ATT5TION ( HIS FELL[ M5 TO ! CRIT]ION ( VIRTUE4 ,MY M9D 9DE$1 9 WRIT+ ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,JU/ICE1 WAS SO DEEPLY & E>NE/LY B5T UPON ?IS1 AS TO LEAD ME TO ?R[ AN UNDUE DEGREE ( SLI<T & DISCR$IT UPON ! ORD9>Y1 & :AT ,I W\LD N[ CALL ! MO/ PRACTICABLE1 MOTIVES ( VIRTUE4 ,I AM C]TA9LY SORRY ?AT ! TREATISE ,I WROTE IS AFFECT$ BY ?IS ]ROR2 ,I FEEL1 S9CE ,DR4 ,P>R IS SO PLEAS$ TO EXPRESS IT1 0SOME DEGREE ( CONTRITION10 ?AT ! DETECTION ( ?IS OV]SI<T 0HAD NOT OCCURR$ TO ! WRIT] BE=E0 ! BOOK WAS GIV5 TO ! WORLD#d4 ,YET MY CONTRITION IS CONSID]ABLY ! LESS1 #a4 BECAUSE ,I NEV] 9T5D$ TO SET UP = A DICTATOR1 OR TO =M A P>TY1 :O W]E TO TAKE MY SAY+S = 9FALLIBLE3 #b4 BECAUSE1 ?\< IT W\LD BE WELL ?AT NO S+LE TREATISE ( MORALITY OR POLITICS %\LD BE BLOTT$ ) A S+LE ]ROR1 YET ! EXI/5CE & DISCOV]Y ( SU* ]RORS HAS AT LEA/ ! SALUT>Y EFFECT ( TEA*+ ! READ]1 ?AT HE MU/ EX]CISE HIS [N UND]/&+1 & NOT RESIGN IT 9TO ! H&S ( ANO!R3 & #c4 BECAUSE ,I DO NOT BELIEVE1 ?AT ! ]ROR 9TO :I* ,I FELL1 IS ACCOMPANI$ ) ?OSE TREM5D\S & APPALL+ CONSEQU5CES ?AT 0LONG & PORT5T\S TRA9 ( EVILS10 :I* ,DR4 ,P>R & HIS COADJUTORS HAVE BE5 PLEAS$  TO ASCRIBE TO IT4--,! REASONS = MY NOT BELIEV+ SO >E !SE4 

        ,! HUMAN M9D IS SO CON/ITUT$1 AS TO R5D] \R ACTIONS 9 ALMO/ EV]Y CASE MU* MORE ! CREATURES ( S5TIM5T & AFFECTION1 ?AN ( ! UND]/&+4 ,WE ALL ( US HAVE1 TWI/$ ) \R V]Y NATURES ! PR9CIPLES ( P>5TAL & FILIAL AFFECTION1 ( LOVE1 ATTA*M5T & FRI5D%IP4 ,I DO !RE=E NOT ?9K IT ! PRIMORDIAL DUTY ( ! MORALI/ TO DRAW =? ALL ! P[]S ( HIS WIT 9 ! RECOMM5DATION  ( !SE4 

        ,P>5TAL & FILIAL AFFECTION1 & ! S5TIM5TS ( LOVE1 ATTA*M5T & FRI5D%IP1 >E MO/ ADMIRABLE 9/RUM5TS 9 ! EXECUTION ( ! PURPOSES ( VIRTUE4 ,BUT TO EA* ( !M1 9 ! GREAT *>T ( A JU/ MORAL CONDUCT1 MU/ BE ASSIGN$ ITS SPH]E4 ,!Y >E  ALL LIABLE TO EXCESS4 ,EA* MU/ BE KEPT )9 ITS B\NDS1 & HAVE RIGOR\S LIMITS ASSIGN$ IT4 ,I MU/ TAKE C>E NOT SO TO LOVE1 OR SO TO OBEY MY LOVE TO MY P>5T OR *ILD1 AS TO 5TR5* UPON AN IMPORTANT & P>AM\NT PUBLIC GOOD4 

        ,P>5TAL & FILIAL AFFECTION1 & ! O!R PR9CIPLES ABOVE 5UM]AT$1 >E SO F> FROM COMPOS+ ! GREAT TOPICS BY :I* ! DOCTR9E ( VIRTUE IS TO BE TAU<T1 ?AT !Y >E ! PROP] *>ACT]I/ICS ( A M9D1 :I* HAS AS YET REMA9$ AN UTT] /RANG] TO DOCTR9E4 ,! MO/ IGNORANT P>5T1 :OSE LIPS W]E NEV] REFRE%$ FROM ! WELL ( KN[L$GE1 :OSE M9D WAS NEV] EXP&$ BY SYMPA?Y ) ! DIS9T]E/$ & ILLU/RI\S DEAD1 OR BY A G5]\S ANXIETY = ! WELF>E ( DI/ANT CLIMES & UNBORN AGES1 WILL SC>CELY EV] FAIL TO LOVE HIS *ILD4 ,HE WILL (T5 LOVE HIM SO MU*1 EV5 ?\< HE %\LD BE AN IDIOT DE=M$ & ODI\S TO ! SI<T1 OR ) ! F>E/ & MO/ HATEFUL PROP5SITIES1 ?AT HE WILL P]HAPS RA!R CONS5T ?AT MILLIONS %\LD P]I%1 ?AN ?AT ?IS MIS]ABLE M9ION ( HIS DOTAGE %\LD SUFF] A MOM5T'S DISPLEASURE4 ,I DO NOT REG>D A P>5T ( ?IS SORT ) ANY /RONG FEEL+ ( APPROBATION4 

        ,PATRIOTISM1 OR ! LOVE ( \R C\NTRY1 WILL FREQU5TLY OP]ATE 9 A SIMIL> WAY4 ,) ! MAJORITY P]HAPS ( ! HUMAN SPECIES1 A K9D ( SELFI% IMPULSE ( PRIDE & VA9-GLORY1 :I* ASSUMES ! =M ( PATRIOTISM1 & REPRES5TS TO \R IMAG9ATION :ATEV] IS GA9$ TO \R C\NTRY AS SO MU* GA9$ TO \R D>L+ SELVES1 LEADS TO A SPIRIT ( HATR$ & ALL UN*>ITABL5ESS T[>DS ! C\NTRIES >\ND US4 ,WE REJOICE 9 !IR OPPRESSION & MAKE A JUBILEE1 V5T+ \R JOY 9 A HUNDR$ =MS ( EXTRAVAGANCE1 :5 ! BLE$+ C>CASSES ,( ?\S&S ( !IR MIS]ABLE NATIVES >E /REW$ UPON ! PLA94 ,?IS SORT ( PATRIOTISM1 9 ITS SIMPLE/ & MO/ UN9/RUCT$ EXHIBITION1 V5TS ITSELF 9 TITT]+ HISSES1 & P]HAPS CA/+ /ONES AT ! UNPROTECT$ =EIGN] AS HE PASSES ALONG \R /REETS4 ,I DO NOT REG>D A PATRIOTISM ( ?IS K9D ) MU* FEEL+ ( APPROBATION4  

        ,A TRULY VIRTU\S *>ACT] IS ! COMB9$ RESULT ( REGULAT$ AFFECTIONS4 ,!SE S5TIM5TS ( :I* SC>CELY ANY HUMAN BE+ IS DE/ITUTE1 & ( :I* WE HAVE MU* MORE FREQU5T OCCASION TO OBS]VE ! EXCESS ?AN ! DEFECT1 -! CULTIVATION ( !SE S5TIM5TS1 ,I SAY1 DOES NOT APPE> TO ME ! PR9CIPAL (FICE ( MORAL DISCIPL9E4 ,=1 AFT] ALL1 ?\< ,I ADMIT ?AT ! ASSIDUITIES WE EMPLOY = \R *ILDR5 \<T TO BE1 & MU/ BE1 ! RESULT ( PRIVATE & DOME/IC AFFECTATIONS1 YET IT IS NOT !SE AFFECTATIONS ?AT DET]M9E !M TO BE VIRTU\S4 ,!Y MU/1 AS HAS BE5 ALREADY SAID1 BE BR\<T TO A /&>D1 & TRI$ BY A CRIT]ION ( VIRTUE4 

        ,?IS CRIT]ION HAS BE5 ABOVE DESCRIB$1 & IT IS NOT P]HAPS ( ! UTMO/ IMPORTANCE :E!R WE CALL IT UTILITY1 OR JU/ICE1 OR1 MORE P]IPHRA/ICALLY1 ! PRODUCTION ( ! GREATE/ G5]AL GOOD1 ! GREATE/ PUBLIC SUM ( PLEASURABLE S5SATION4 ,CALL IT BY :AT NAME Y\ PLEASE1 IT WILL /ILL BE TRUE ?AT ?IS IS ! LAW BY :I* \R ACTIONS MU/ BE TRI$4 ,I MU/ BE ATT5TIVE TO ! WELF>E ( MY *ILD2 BECAUSE HE IS ONE 9 ! GREAT CONGREGATION ( ! FAMILY ( ! :OLE E>?4 ,I MU/ BE ATT5TIVE TO ! WELF>E ( MY *ILD2 BECAUSE ,I CAN 9 MANY PORTIONS ( ! NEV]-CEAS+ CURR5T ( HUMAN LIFE1 BE CONF]R+ PLEASURE & B5EFIT ON HIM1 :5 ,I CANNOT BE DIRECTLY EMPLOY$ 9 CONF]R+ B5EFIT ON O!RS4 ,I BE/ UND]/& HIS *>ACT] & HIS WANTS2 ,I POSSESS A GREAT] P[] ( MODEL+ HIS DISPOSITION & 9FLU5C+ HIS =TUNE2 &1 AS WAS OBS]V$ 9 ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 7P4 #a#c#b47 HE IS ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! GREAT 0DI/RIBUTION ( ! CLASS NE$+ SUP]9T5DANCE & SUPPLY AMONG ! CLASS CAPABLE ( AF=D+ !M10 :OM IT FALLS TO MY LOT TO PROTECT & *]I%4 -,I DO NOT REQUIRE ?AT1 :5 A MAN IS EMPLOY$ 9 B5EFIT+ HIS *ILD1 HE %\LD CON/ANTLY RECOLLECT ! AB/RACT PR9CIPLE ( UTILITY1 BUT ,I DO MA9TA9 ?AT HIS ACTIONS 9 PROSECUT+ ?AT B5EFIT >E NO FUR!R VIRTU\S ?AN 9 PROPORTION AS !Y SQU>E ) ?AT PR9CIPLE4 

        ,CONSID]+ ! SUBJECT 9 ?IS LI<T1 IT APPE>S TO ME TO FOLL[ ) IRRESITIBLE EVID5CE1 ?AT ! CR[N ( A VIRTU\S *>ACT] CONFLICTS 9 A V]Y FREQU5T & A V]Y 5]GETIC RECOLLECTION ( ! CRIT]ION1 BY :I* ALL HIS ACTIONS >E TO BE TRI$1 0:E!R !Y >E ( GOOD1 OR :E!R !Y >E ( EVIL40 ,IT IS ?IS PO9T1 & ?IS PO9T ALONE1 ?AT LEADS TO ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 SU* A MAN1 & A MAN ( ! MO/ VULG> *>ACT]1 ( A *>ACT] ! LEA/ 5TITL$ TO \R APPROBATION4 ,! P]SON1 :O HAS BE5 WELL 9/RUCT$ & ACCOMPLI%$ 9 ! GREAT S*OOL ( HUMAN EXCELL5CE1 HAS PASSIONS & AFFECTIONS LIKE O!R M54 ,BUT LIE IS AW>E ?AT ALL !SE AFFECTIONS T5D TO EXCESS1 & MU/ BE TAU<T EA* TO KN[ ITS ORD] & ITS SPH]E4 ,HE !RE=E CONT9UALLY HOLDS 9 M9D ! PR9CIPLES BY :I* !IR B\ND>IES >E TO BE FIX$4 

        ,I %\LD ?9K SU* A MAN W\LD BE ! MORE P]FECT1 9 PROPORTION AS BE 5DEAVOR$ TO ELEVATE PHILAN?ROPY 9TO A PASSION4 ,!RE APPE>S TO ME TO BE LITTLE DANG] ON ?AT SIDE4 ,?AT WE >E ALL ( US ! CREATURES ( S5SIBLE IMPRESSIONS1 IS A GREAT & MOM5T\S TRU?4 ,LET A MAN !N TRY1 AS MU* AS HE WILL1 TO CULTIVATE A LOVE = HIS SPECIES1 WE MAY1 ,I CONCEIVE1 BE V]Y SECURE ?AT OCCASIONS 5\< WILL PRES5T !MSELVES1 TO PULL HIM D[N FROM HIS 5?USIA/IC EM95CE1 & REM9D HIM ( HIS CONC]NS AS AN 9DIVIDUAL4 

        ,I C]TA9LY REG>D ?OSE EXAMPLES1 9 :I* M51 /RUGGL+ ) ! DE>E/ & MO/ P[]FUL S5TIM5TS ( !IR NATURE1 HAVE SACRIFIC$ !IR [N LIVES1 OR ! LIVES ( !IR *ILDR51 TO ! IMP]I\S DEM&S ( PUBLIC GOOD1 AS ! MO/ GLORI\S 9/ANCES ( ! DEGREE ( EXCELL5CE TO :I* HUMAN BE+S >E CAPABLE ( ASC5D+4 ,I CONTEMPLATE ) TRANSPORTS ( ADMIRATION ! CONDUCT ( A ,DECIUS & A ,REGULUS4 ,IF ! /ORY ( !SE M5 IS A FABLE1 ,I AM PR\D ?AT ,I BELONG TO A SPECIES1 ( :I* SOME 9DIVIDUALS HAVE BE5 CAPABLE ( IMAG9+ SU* EXCELL5CE1 & ?\S&S HAVE FELT 0?AT )90 !M1 ?AT EMBRYO G5]OSITY & NOBL5ESS ( NATURE1 :I* PROMPT$ !M TO CR$IT ?IS EXCELL5CE AS A MEMB] ( G5U9E HI/ORY4 ,BRUTUS PROBABLY DID WELL1 :5 HE PUT HIS SONS TO DEA?1 AS ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE = PRES]V+ & P]PETUAT+ ! RIS+ LIB]TIES ( ! ,ROMAN REPUBLIC4 

        ,BUT ,I CONCEIVE ?AT !RE >E NOT ONLY EXTRAORD9>Y CASES 9 :I* M5 %\LD RECOLLECT & ACT UPON VIEWS ( G5]AL PHILAN?ROPY4 ,I W\LD /ATE !SE VIEWS AS A P>T ( ! ORD9>Y BUS9ESS ( \R LIVES1 & W\LD MA9TA9 ?AT WE \<T TO RECOLLECT & IMPRESS !M UPON \R M9DS1 AS (T5 AS PI\S M5 REPEAT !IR PRAY]S4 ,I W\LD DESIRE TO LOVE MY *ILDR52 YET ,I W\LD NOT DESIRE SO TO LOVE !M1 AS TO =GET ?AT ,I HAVE :AT WE W]E ACCU/OM$ TO CALL1 BE=E ! HO>SE & SAVAGE CRY ( ,JACOB9ISM6 HAD FRI<T$ ALL MORAL LANGUAGE FROM PROPRIETY1 HI<] DUTIES4  ,I W\LD WI% SO TO EMPLOY A PORTION ( EV]Y DAY1 AS TO QUALIFY ME = BE+ A B5EFACTOR TO ! /RANG] & ! MAN :OM ,I KN[ NOT2 & ,I W\LD HAVE M51 9 PROPORTION TO ! FACULTIES !Y POSSESS NOT OMIT TO DEVOTE P>T ( !IR 5]GIES TO ! NATIVES ( DI/ANT CLIMATES1 & TO AGES YET UNBORN4 

        ,LET US CONSID] H]E = A MOM5T ! CASE1 SO (T5 ATTACK$ ) ALL ! WEAPONS ( >GUM5T & RIDICULE1 ( ,F5ELON & ! VALET1 & ASK H[ F> ! DECISION ( ?IS CASE WILL BE AFFECT$1 BY ! ADMISSION ( ! DOME/IC AFFECTIONS4 

         0,9 A LOOSE & G5]AL VIEW10 SAYS ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 0,I & MY NEI<BOR >E BO? ( US M52 & ( CONSEQU5CE 5TITL$ TO EQUAL ATT5TION4 ,BUT1 9 REALITY1 IT IS PROBABLE ?AT ONE ( US IS A BE+ ( MORE WOR? & IMPORTANCE ?AN ! O!R4 ,A MAN IS ( MORE WOR? ?AN A BEA/2 BECAUSE1 BE+ POSSESS$ ( HI<] FACULTIES1 HE IS CAPABLE ( A MORE REF9$ & G5U9E HAPP9ESS4 ,9 ! SAME MANN] ! ILLU/RI\S >*BI%OP ( ,CAMBRAY1 WAS ( MORE WOR? ?AN HIS VALET1 & !RE >E FEW ( US ?AT W\LD HESITATE TO PRON\NCE1 IF HIS PALACE W]E 9 FLAMES1 & ! LIFE ( ONLY ONE ( !M C\LD BE PRES]V$1 :I* ( ! TWO \<T TO BE PREF]R$4 

        0,BUT !RE IS ANO!R GR\ND ( PREF]5CE1 BESIDE ! PRIVATE CONSID]ATION ( ONE ( !M BE+ FUR!R REMOV$ FROM ! /ATE ( A M]E ANIMAL4 ,WE >E NOT CONNECT$ ) ONE OR TWO P]CIPI5T BE+S1 BUT ) A SOCIETY1 A NATION1 & 9 SOME S5SE ) ! :OLE FAMILY ( MANK9D4 ,( CONSEQU5CE ?AT LIFE \<T TO BE PREF]R$1 :I* WILL MO/ CONDUCE TO ! G5]AL GOOD4 ,9 SAV+ ! LIFE ( ,F5ELON1 SUPPOSE AT ! MOM5T HE CONCEIV$ ! PROJECT ( HIS IMMORTAL ,TELEMA*US1 ,I %\LD HAVE BE5 PROMOT+ ! WELF>E ( ?\S&S1 :O HAVE BE5 CUR$ BY ! P]USAL ( ?AT WORK1 ( SOME ]ROR1 VISE & CONSEQU5T UNHAPP9ESS4 ,NAY1 MY B5EFIT W\LD EXT5D FUR!R ?AN ?IS2 = EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 ?US CUR$1 HAS BECOME A BETT] MEMB] ( SOCIETY1 & HAS CONTRIBUT$ 9 HIS TURN TO ! HAPP9ESS1 9=MATION & IMPROVEM5T ( O!RS4 

        0,SUPPOSE ,I HAD BE5 MYSELF ! VALET2 ,I \<T TO HAVE *OS5 TO DIE1 RA!R ?AN ,F5ELON %\LD HAVE DI$4-- 

        0,SUPPOSE ! VALET HAD BE5 MY BRO!R1 MY FA!R OR MY B5EFACTOR4 ,?IS W\LD NOT ALT] ! TRU? ( ! PROPOSITION4 -,MY BRO!R OR MY FA!R MAY BE A FOOL OR A PR(LIGATE1 MALICI\S1 LY+ OR DI%ONE/4 ,IF !Y BE1 ( :AT CONSEQU5CE IS IT ?AT !Y >E M9E80 ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 ,BOOK ,I,I4 ,*AP4 ,I,I P4 #a#b#f4 

         ,DR4 ,P>R WELL OBS]VES ?AT ?IS IS A QUE/ION ( UNUSUAL DUTIES10 & A CASE1 0 IMAG9>Y0 HE CALLS IT1 ,I W\LD SAY1 ?AT P]HAPS WILL SC>CELY HAPP5 ONCE 9 ! HI/ORY ( AN AGE4 ,?AT IT IS NOT IMAG9>Y1 WILL BE EVID5T TO EV]Y MAN :O RECOLLECTS ?AT A DECISION PRECISELY ON ! SAME PR9CIPLES HAPP5$ 9 ! LIFE ( ,TIMOLEON1 & A SECOND TIME 9 ?AT ( ,LUCIUS ,JUNIUS ,BRUTUS1 TO CONF9E MYSELF TO 9/ANCES ( ! MO/ CONSUMMATE NOTORIETY4  ,! READ] H[EV] IS B\ND 9 FAIRNESS TO RECOLLECT ! UNUSUALNESS ( ! CASE1 & TO BE> 9 M9D ?AT1 :I*EV] WAY IT IS DECID$1 IT CAN HAVE NO T5D5CY TO %AKE ! DOME/IC AFFECTIONS 9 ! ORD9>Y 9T]C\RSES ( LIFE4  ,DR4 ,P>R 9DE$1 BECAUSE IT IS UNUSUAL & EXTREME1 TREATS IT AS CRIM9AL TO HAVE CALL$ T[>DS IT ! ATT5TION ( MANK9D4 ,9 ?IS ,I DO NOT AGREE ) HIM4 ,IT IS A QUE/ION :I* MU/ BE TRI$ BY ! CRIT]ION ( ALL VIRTUE4 ,IF 9DE$1 AS ,DR4 ,P>R SEEMS TO ?9K 7JUDG+ FROM ! SACR$ SIL5CE HE HAS PRES]V$ CONC]N+ IT 9 ! C\RSE ( AN >GUM5T :]E IT MU/ HAVE OBTRUD$ ITSELF ON HIS M9D A ?\S& TIMES71 ?IS CRIT]ION BY :I* ALL \R ACTIONS >E TO BE TRI$1 ?IS BOOK ( LIFE BY :I* MU/ BE DECID$ ! M]ITS & DEM]ITS ( EV]Y DAY ( \R EXI/5CE1 MU/ SLUMB] 9 AWFUL REPOSE TO ! RESURRECTION ( ! DEAD1 !N IT MAY BE A CRIME TO 9QUIRE 9TO ! RESPECTIVE CLAIMS ( ,F5ELON & HIS VALET4 ,BUT1 AS HAS ALREADY APPE>$1 ,I HOLD1 ?AT ?IS CRIT]ION CANNOT BE CONSULT$ TOO (T51 ?AT ! RECOLLECTION OR NON-RECOLLECTION ( IT CON/ITUTES ! MA9 DIFF]5CE  BETWE5 ! ,LIVONIAN PEASANT & ! SAGE1 & ?AT IT W\LD BE WELL = MANK9D & ! G5]ATION ( AN ACCOMPLI%$ MORAL *>ACT]1 ?AT JU/ICE & PHILAN?ROPY %\LD BE CONV]T$ 9TO A PASSION & MADE ONE ( ! /IRR+ & LIV+ ?\<TS ( \R BOSOM4 ,I CONCEIVE ?AT !RE MU/ LURK A SECRET CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS1 9 ! IDEA ( A CRIT]ION :I* IS NEV] TO BE CONSULT$2 &1 ,I DO NOT KN[ H[ \R ACQUA9TANCE )1 & FACILITY 9 ! APPLICATION (1 ?IS CRIT]ION CAN BE SO EFFECTUALLY IMPROV$1 AS BY FREQU5TLY CONSULT+ IT1 & APPLY+ IT TO CASES ( A C]TA9 NIC5ESS & DELICACY4---- 
 ,TO RETURN4 

  ,9 REVIL+ ! QUE/ION ( ,F5ELON & ! VALET1 9 ITS RELATION TO ! SACR$NESS1 ! BEAUTY & UTILITY ( ! DOME/IC AFFECTIONS1 ?REE ?+S >E PR9CIPALLY TO BE OBS]V$4 

  ,FIR/1 ,I WILL SUPPOSE ?AT ,I SAVE 9 PREF]5CE1 ! LIFE ( ! VALET1 :O IS MY FA!R1 & 9 SO DO+ 5TR5* UPON ! PR9CIPLE ( UTILITY4 ,FEW P]SONS EV5 UPON ?AT SUPPOSITION WILL BE DISPOS$ SEV]ELY TO BLAME MY CONDUCT4 ,WE >E ACCU/OM$ & RI<TLY ACCU/OM$1 TO CONSID] EV]Y MAN 9 ! AGGREGATE AS A MA*9E CALCULAT$ TO PRODUCE MANY B5EFITS OR MANY EVILS1 & NOT TO TAKE HIS ACTIONS 9TO \R EXAM9ATION 9 A DISJO9T$ & SEP>ATE MANN]4 ,IF1 )\T PAUSE OR HESITATION1 ,I PROCE$ TO SAVE ! LIFE ( MY FA!R 9 PREF]5CE TO ?AT ( ANY HUMAN BE+1 EV]Y MAN WILL RESPECT 9 ME ! S5TIM5T ( FILIAL AFFECTION1 WILL ACKN[L$GE ?AT ! FEEL+ BY :I* ,I AM GOV]N$ IS A FEEL+ PREGNANT ) A ?\S& GOOD & COMM5DABLE ACTIONS1 & WILL CONFESS1 ACCORD+ TO A TRITE1 BUT EXPRESSIVE1 PHRASE1 ?AT AT LEA/ ,I HAVE MY HE>T 9 ! RI<T PLACE1 ?AT ,I HAVE )9 ME ?OSE PRECI\S & 9E/IMABLE MAT]IALS \T ( :I* ALL VIRTU\S & HONORABLE DE$S >E MADE4 

  ,BUT1 SECONDLY1 ! CONSID]ATION ( ! DOME/IC AFFECTIONS1 & !IR 9F9ITE IMPORTANCE TO 0! CULTURE ( ! HE>T10 DOES ESS5TIALLY MODIFY ! QUE/ION ( UTILITY1 & AFFECT ! APPLICATION ( ! CRIT]ION ( VIRTUE4 ,! ACTION1 VIZ41 ! SAV+ ( ! LIFE ( ,F5ELON1 IS TO BE SET AGA9/ ! HABIT1 & IT WILL COME TO BE S]I\SLY CONSID]$1 :E!R1 9 PROPORTION TO ! 9EQUALITY ( ! ALT]NATIVE PROPOS$ TO MY *OICE1 IT WILL CONTRIBUTE MO/ TO ! MASS ( HUMAN HAPP9ESS1 ?AT ,I %\LD ACT UPON ! UTILITY ( ! CASE SEP>ATELY TAK51 OR %\LD REFUSE TO PROCE$ 9 VIOLATION ( A HABIT1 :I* IS FRAU<T ) A S]IES ( SUCCESSIVE UTILITIES4 

  ,?IRDLY1 IT IS PROP] TO NOTICE ! DECEPTION :I* ,DR4 ,P>R & HIS COADJUTORS PUT UPON !MSELVES & O!RS1 9 CON/ANTLY SUPPOS+ ?AT1 IF ! FA!R IS SAV$1 ?IS WILL BE ! EF=T ( PASSION1 BUT IF ,F5ELON IS SAV$1 ! ACT WILL >ISE ONLY FROM COOL1 PHLEGMATIC1 >I?METICAL CALCULATION4 ,NO GREAT & HONORABLE DE$ CAN BE A*IEV$1 BUT FROM PASSION4 ,IF ,I SAVE ! LIFE ( ,F5ELON1 UNPROMPT$ TO DO SO BY AN >D5T LOVE ( ! WONDR\S EXCELL5CE ( ! MAN1 & A SUBLIME EAG]NESS TO A*IEVE & SECURE ! WELF>E & IMPROVEM5T ( MILLIONS1 ,I AM A MON/]1 UNWOR?Y ( ! APPELLATION ( A MAN1 & ! SOCIETY (  BE+S SO 0FE>FULLY & WOND]FULLY MADE10 AS M5 >E4 

  ,I P]CEIVE ?AT ,I DID NOT SUFFICI5TLY TAKE 9TO M9D ! PREJUDICES & HABITS ( M51 :5 ,I PUT ! CASE ( ,F5ELON1 ! WRIT] ( C]TA9 BOOKS ( REASON+ & 9V5TION4 ,! B5EFIT TO ACCRUE FROM ! WRIT+ ( BOOKS IS TOO REMOTE AN IDEA1 TO /RIKE & FILL ! IMAG9ATION4 ,IF ,I HAD PUT ! CASE ( ,BRUTUS1 & SUPPOS$ ?AT UPON ! PRES]VATION ( HIS LIFE1 AGA9/ :I* HIS SONS APPE> SO BASELY TO HAVE CONSPIR$1 HUNG ALL ! LONG S]IES ( ,ROMAN FRE$OM & ,ROMAN VIRTUE1-- IF ,I HAD PUT ! CAFE ( ,BONAP>TE1 UPON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT HIS EXI/5CE WAS NECESS>Y TO AV]T ! RE/ORATION ( DESPOTISM ON ! ONE H&1 OR ! REVIVAL ( ALL ! HORRORS ( AN>*Y ON ! O!R1 FEW P]SONS1 ,I BELIEVE1 W\LD HAVE FELT ANY DIFFICULTY 9 DECID+4 ,IT W\LD EASILY HAVE BE5 SE51 ?AT TO HAVE SACRIFIC$ ANY LIFE1 RA!R ?AN SUFF] ! DE/RUCTION ( A MAN :O C\LD ALONE PRES]VE HIS CONTEMPOR>IES & FUTURE AGES FROM B>B>ISM & SLAV]Y1 WAS A PROP] !ME = PASSION1 = ! EX]CISE ( ?AT ILLU/RI\S & GODLIKE PHILAN?ROPY1 :I* CON/ITUTES ! HI<E/ M]IT ! HUMAN HE>T IS ABLE TO CONCEIVE4 

  ,AN EXPRESSION HAS ESCAP$ ,DR4 ,P>R1 9 HIS ZEAL AGA9/ ! DOCTR9E ( UNIV]SAL PHILAN?ROPY1 :I* IS P]HAPS REM>KABLE 5\<1 TO DES]VE TO F9D A PLACE 9 ! PROCESS ( ?IS DISCUSSION4 ,HE SAYS1 0! GOOD ,SAM>ITAN HA/5$ TO ! SUCCOR ( ! MAN FALL5 AMONG ?IEVES1 & ! BLESS$ ,AU?OR ( ,*RI/IANITY HAS JU/IFI$ ! DE$1 P4 #e40 ,IF ,DR4 ,P>R WILL P]MIT ME = A MOM5T TO PLAY ! DIV9E1 A TRADE = :I* ,I AM NOT ALTOGE!R )\T DISCIPL9E1 ,I WILL ANSW] HIM ?AT ,*RI/ DID NOT 0JU/IFY ! DE$40 ,HE DID SOME?+ 9F9ITELY DIFF]5T4 ,HE APPLAUD$2 HE HAS1 ,I BELIEVE1 IMMORTALIZ$ IT2 HE HAS BID ALL HIS FOLL[]S GO & IMITATE ?AT DE$1 :I* ,DR4 ,P>R ?9KS HE HAS B>ELY JU/IFI$4 ,9DE$1 :ATEV] BECOMES ( ! DOCTR9E ( UNIV]SAL PHILAN?ROPY1 ,I AM P]SUAD$ ?AT1 TO ! EXT5T 9 :I* ,I HAVE ABOVE EXPLA9$ IT1 ! AU?OR ( ,*RI/IANITY WILL BE F\ND AMONG ITS MO/ CONSPICU\S ADVOCATES4 ,HE HAS /AT$ ! LOVE ( ,GOD1 & ( \R NEI<BOR1 ?AT IS1 ( \R FELL[-M51 AS ! SUM ( MORALITY1 OR1 TO USE HIS [N EXPRESSION1 AS ! 0TWO COMM&M5TS ON :I* HANG ALL ! LAW & ! PROPHETS30 SO MU* /RESS DID HE PLACE UPON ?AT MAXIM ( UTILITY1 :I* ,DR4 ,P>R 9 HIS ,SPITAL ,S]MON HAS ?\<T PROP] TO PASS 9 TOTAL SIL5CE4 ,HE HAS AGA9 & AGA9 EXPRESS$ HIMSELF 9 DISP>AGEM5T ( ! PRIVATE AFFECTIONS4 ,NOT ?AT ,I MEAN TO AFFIRM HE 9T5D$ :OLLY TO PROSCRIBE !M2 BUT C]TA9LY1 IF !RE IS MEAN+ 9 WORDS1 HE MEANT TO ASSIGN TO !M A V]Y SUBORD9ATE SITUATION4 

  ,BUT ,DR4 ,P>R SAYS1 ?AT ! DOCTR9E ( UNIV]SAL PHILAN?ROPY 0MAY BE US$ AS A CLOKE TO US = 9S5SIBILITY :]E O!R M5 FEEL1 & = NEGLIG5CE :]E O!R M5 ACT ) VISIBLE & USEFUL1 ?\< LIMIT$1 EFFECT1 P4 #a40 ,C]TA9LY IT MAY1 LIKE ! BE/ PR9CIPLES ( MORALITY1 OR ! MO/ VAUNT$ 9/ITUTIONS ( RELIGION1 BE US$ BY BAD M5 AS A PRET5SE & JU/IFICATION ( ! MO/ HATEFUL PROCE$+S4 ,BUT ,I %\LD ?9K IT LITTLE LIKELY2 AS IT IS NOT PROBABLE1 AT LEA/ 9 \R DAYS1 ?AT IT WILL HAVE SUFFICI5T POPUL>ITY1 TO BECOME A =MIDABLE RIVAL TO PRET5D$ DEVOTION1 OR PATRIOTISM1 OR ANY O!R ( ?OSE SPECI\S SEEM+S1 BY :I* KNAVES HAVE BE5 ACCU/OM$ TO IMPOSE UPON FOOLS TIME \T ( M9D4 ,BUT TO :ATEV] BAD PURPOSES ! PRET5SE ( UNIV]SAL PHILAN?ROPY MAY BE US$1 C]TA9LY NONE CAN BE MORE HO/ILE TO ! REALITY1 ?AN ?AT :I* ,DR4 ,P>R SPECIFIES4 ,PHILAN?ROPY IS A BANK 9 :I* EV]Y CREATURE ?AT LIVES HAS AN 9T]E/1 ! FIR/ & PREF]ABLE TALLIES BE+1 BY ! V]Y NATURE ( ! CASE1 9 POSSESSION ( ?OSE :O >E NE>E/ TO US1 & :OM WE HAVE MO/ FREQU5T OPPORTUNITY TO B5EFIT4 ,! DOCTR9E ( PHILAN?ROPY C\NT5ANCES NO NEGLIG5CE1 BUT REQUIRES ( US DILIG5TLY TO DEVOTE 0\R TAL5TS1 \R UND]/&+1 \R /R5G? & \R TIME1 TO ! PRODUCTION ( ! GREATE/ QUANTITY ( G5]AL GOOD40 ,SO AS LONG AS WE CONT9UE UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ?IS PR9CIPLE1 WE CANNOT BE 9ATT5TIVE TO ANY ( ! CLAIMS ( B5EVOL5CE2 &1 :5 IT RELAXES ITS EMPIRE OV] US1 AS FROM ! FRAILTY ( \R NATURE IT WILL FREQU5TLY DO1 ,I BELIEVE WE %ALL FALL BACK 9TO ! GREAT MASS ( \R FELL[-M51 & BE GOV]N$ BY SU* MOTIVES1 PASSIONS & AFFECTIONS1 AS !Y >E ACCU/OM$ TO OBEY4 

  ,!RE IS ONE SUP]FICIAL & SOME:AT LUDICR\S UNIV]SAL PHILAN?ROPY 7EV5 AS IT IS /AT$ 9 ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 ) SOME:AT TOO MU* DISP>AGEM5T & TOO LITTLE TOL]ATION TO ! PRIVATE AFFECTIONS7 IS NOT 0ACCOMPANI$ ) SO LONG & PORT5T\S A TRA91 ( EVILS10 AS ,DR4 ,P>R IS WILL+ TO ASCRIBE TO IT4 ,I FEEL MYSELF OBLIG$ TO 9F]1 ?AT IT WAS SOME EXTRAORD9>Y P]TURBATION ( ,DR4 ,P>R'S 9TELLECTUAL P]SPICATY1 & NOT A COOL & UNRUFFL$ VIEW ( ! SUBJECT1 :I* L$ HIM TO COMB9E IT ) SU* NAMELESS HORRORS4 

  ,! SECOND ?+ ,I PROPOS$1 WAS TO 9QUIRE 9TO ! S\NDNESS ( :AT ,DR4 ,P>R HAS 0HE>D REM>K$ BY P]SONS WELL SKILL$ 9 ! TACTICS ( CONTROV]SY1 ?AT AFT] ! SURR5D] ( SO MANY \TWORKS 7VIZ41 ! QUE/ION ( ! PRIVATE & DOME/IC AFFECTIONS71 ! CITADEL ITSELF 7! GREAT PURPOSE AIM$ AT 9 ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE7 IS SC>CELY T5ABLE40 ,UPON ?IS PO9T ,I %ALL BE V]Y %ORT4 

  ,! GREAT DOCTR9E ( ! TREATISE 9 QUE/ION IS :AT ,I HAVE !RE CALL$ 7ADOPT+ A T]M ,I F\ND READY CO9$ 9 ! ,FR5* LANGUAGE7 ! P]FECTIBILITY1 BUT :AT ,I W\LD N[ WI% TO CALL1 *ANG+ ! T]M1 )\T *ANG+ A P>TICLE ( ! MEAN+1 ! PROGRESSIVE NATURE ( MAN1 9 KN[L$GE1 9 VIRTU\S PROP5SITIES1 & 9 SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 

  ,UPON ! FACE ( ! QUE/ION IT IS NOT EASY TO SEE1 H[ ! ADMISSION ( ! PRIVATE & DOME/IC AFFECTIONS OP]ATES TO PUT A P]IOD TO ! PROGRESS ( HUMAN IMPROVEM5T4 ,\R ADVANCES 9 KN[L$GE1 ,I BELIEVE IT WILL BE ADMITT$1 WILL NOT BE MAT]IALLY & FATALLY 9T]RUPT$ BY ! DUE EX]CISE ( !SE AFFECTIONS4 

  ,\R IMPROVEM5T 9 VIRTU\S PROP5SITIES1 IS 9TIMATELY CONNECT$ ) \R IMPROVEM5T 9 KN[L$GE4 ,!RE IS NO CONDITION ( M9D SO FAVORABLE TO ! RANK & POISON\S VEGETATION ( VISE1 AS IGNORANCE4 ,IT IS ONLY %ORT-SI<T$NESS & FOLLY :I* P]SUADE M5 ?AT1 :ILE !Y >E OV]- REA*+ & DEFRAUD+ !IR NEI<BORS1 !Y >E PROMOT+ !IR [N 9T]E/S4 ,EXTRAVAGANT EXP5SE & O/5TATION >E ! PLAY?+S ( ! 9FANCY ( M9D2 & :51 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! CONT9U$ & P]5NIAL 9FLUX ( KN[L$GE1 ! HUMAN SPECIES1 OR GREAT SOCIETIES  ( M5 >E PA/ !IR 9FANCY1 WE %ALL CEASE TO ADMIRE & APPLAUD !SE ?+S 9 ONE ANO!R1 & !Y WILL 9S5SIBLY BECOME ANTIQUAT$ & P]I%4 ,! PROGRESS ( KN[L$GE WILL R5D] FAMILI> TO EV]Y M9D ! CRIT]ION ( VIRTUE1 OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 ?IS T]RIBLE DOCTR9E ( UNIV]SAL PHILAN?ROPY4 ,WE %ALL BE A/ONI%$ TO SEE 9 H[ MANY 9/ANCES 9T]E/S1 SUPPOS$ 9COMPATIBLE1 P]FECTLY CO9CIDE2 %ALL F9D ?AT :AT IS GOOD = Y\1 IS ADVANTAGE\S TO ME2 ?AT1 :ILE ,I $UCATE MY *ILD JUDICI\SLY = HIMSELF1 ,I AM R5D]+ HIM A VALUABLE ACQUISITION TO SOCIETY2 & ?AT1 BY CONTRIBUT+ TO ! IMPROVEM5T ( MY C\NTRYM51 ,I AM PREP>+ = MY *ILD A SOCIETY 9 :I* IT WILL BE DESIRABLE = HIM TO LIVE4 ,I CANNOT PURSUE ?IS >GUM5T TO ITS JU/ EXT5T4 ,W]E ,I TO 5T] FUR!R 9TO IT 9 ?IS CURSORY WAY1 ,I %\LD 9FLICT AN 9JURY UPON ITS BEAUTY & =CE4 ,IT HAS ALREADY BE5 AMPLY DISCUSS$ 9 ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE2 & IT IS OBVI\S ?AT NONE ( ! CONSID]ATIONS H]E T\*$ ON1 >E 9 ! SLI<TE/ DEGREE 9VALIDAT$ BY ! ADMISSION ( ! DOME/IC AFFECTIONS4 

  ,I KN[ ?AT ,DR4 ,P>R & ,MR4 ,MACK9TO% LOOK ) HORROR UPON ?IS DOCTR9E ( ! PROGRESSIVE NATURE ( MAN4 ,!Y CL+ ) ALL ! F]VORS ( AFFECTION1 TO ! OP9ION ?AT ! VISES1 ! WEAKNESSES & ! FOLLIES :I* HAVE HI!RTO EXI/$ 9 \R SPECIES1 WILL CONT9UE UNDIM9I%$ AS LONG AS ! E>? %ALL 5DURE4 ,I DO NOT 5VY !M !IR FEEL+S4 ,I LOVE TO CONTEMPLATE ! YET UNEXP&$ P[]S & CAPABILITIES ( \R NATURE1 & TO BELIEVE ?AT !Y WILL ONE DAY BE UNFOLD$ TO ! 9F9ITE ADVANTAGE & HAPP9ESS ( ! 9HABITANTS ( ! GLOBE4 ,LONG HABIT HAS TO TRA9$ ME TO B[ TO ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( TRU? :]EV] ,I RECOGNIZE !M1 ?AT1 IF >GUM5TS W]E PRES5T$ TO ME SUFFICI5T TO E/ABLI% ! UNCOM=TABLE DOCTR9E ( MY ANTAGONI/S1 ,I W\LD WEI<1 ,I W\LD REVOLVE !M1 & ,I HOPE ,I %\LD NOT FAIL TO SUBMIT TO !IR AU?ORITY4 ,BUT1 IF MY [N DOCTR9E IS AN ]ROR1 & IF ,I AM FAT$ TO DIE 9 IT1 ,I CANNOT AFFLICT MYSELF GREATLY ) ! APPREH5SION ( A MI/AKE1 :I* *E]S MY SOLITUDE1 :I* ,I C>RY ) ME 9TO CR[DS1 & :I* ADDS SOME:AT TO ! PLEASURE & PEACE ( EV]Y DAY ( MY EXI/5CE4 

  ,RESPECT+ ! PO9T ( ! IMPROVEM5T ( \R SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 ?AT CANNOT BE FUNDAM5TALLY AFFECT$ BY ANY CONSID]ATION TO >ISE \T ( ! DOME/IC AFFECTIONS4 ,POLITICS IS NO?+ ELSE1 BUT ONE *APT] EXTRACT$ \T ( ! GREAT CODE ( MORALITY4 ,:ILE !RE=E ! CRIT]ION ( VIRTUE REMA9S UN*ANG$1 ! CONDUCT :I* \<T TO BE HELD BY /ATES1 BY GOV]NM5TS & SUBJECTS1 & ! PR9CIPLES ( JUDICIAL PROCE$+ BETWE5 MAN & MAN WILL = EV] REMA9 ! SAME4 ,9 ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE IT IS 5DEAVOR$ TO BE PROV$1 ?AT 9 MORALITY EA* MAN IS 5TITL$ TO A C]TA9 SPH]E = ! EX]CISE ( HIS DISCRETION2  ?AT IT IS TO BE DESIR$ ?AT 9 ?IS SPH]E HE %\LD BE DIRECT$ BY A FREE1 AN 9/RUCT$ & 9DEP5D5T JUDGM5T2 & ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y = ! IMPROVEM5T ( MANK9D1 ?AT NO MAN OR BODY ( M5 %\LD 5TR5* UPON ?IS SPH]E BUT 9 CASES ( ! MO/ IRRESI/IBLE URG5CY4 ,! 9F]5CE DRAWN FROM !SE P>TICUL>S IS1 ?AT ! LESS GOV]NM5T WE HAD1 & ! FEW] W]E ! 9/ANCES 9 :I* GOV]NM5T 9T]F]$ ) ! PROCE$+S ( 9DIVIDUALS1 CONSI/5TLY ) ! PRES]VATION ( ! SOCIAL /ATE1 BETT] W\LD IT PROVE = ! WELF>E & HAPP9ESS ( MAN4 ,NO?+ :I* HAS BE5 ADMITT$ ON ! SUBJECT ( ! DOME/IC AFFECTIONS1 9 ! SLI<TE/ DEGREE 9T]F]ES ) !SE REASON+S4 ,AS TO ! QUANTITY ( IMPROVEM5T :I* MAY FROM TIME TO TIME BE 9TRODUC$ 9TO ! SOCIAL CONDITION ( MAN1 & ! EXT5T TO :I* ! 9T]F]5CES ( GOV]NM5T MAY ULTIMATELY BE PROSCRIB$1 ! DECISION ( ?AT QUE/ION DEP5DS UPON ! DEGREE 9 :I* ! HUMAN SPECIES IS SUSCEPTIBLE ( IMPROVEM5T 9 VIRTU\S PROP5SITIES4 

  ,I HAVE BE5 OBLIG$ TO TREAT ! PROPOSITION ( ! PROGRESSIVE NATURE ( MAN 9 A V]Y SLI<T & IMP]FECT MANN] 9 ?IS PLACE4 ,I HAVE RA!R FURNI%$ H9TS1 :I* ! READ] MAY1 AS HE FEELS  9CL9$1 APPLY TO ! DOCTR9ES & REASON+S DELIV]$ 9 ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE4 ,I ?\<T SO MU* DUE TO SU* READ]S AS MAY BE DISPOS$ TO ATTA* A VALUE TO ! !ORIES DELIV]$ 9 ?AT WORK2 BUT ,I CANNOT DO MORE1 CONSI/5TLY ) ! PLAN & DESIGN ( ! PRES5T ESSAY4 

  ,I KN[ NOT :E!R IT IS ( SUFFICI5T IMPORTANCE TO NOTICE ! /RICTURES ,DR4 ,P>R HAS MADE UPON MY M>G9AL REF]5CE TO ,JONA?AN ,$W>DS1 9 ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 P4 #a#b#i4 ,SEE ,SPITAL ,S]MON1 P4 #g#d4 ,EV]Y C&ID READ] WILL P]CEIVE ?AT ! REF]5CE IS NOT MADE = ! PURPOSE ( GIV+ AU?ORITY TO :AT IS !RE /AT$ BY ME ON ! SUBJECT ( GRATITUDE4 ,! NAME ( ,JONA?AN ,$W>DS IS MU* TOO F> REMOV$ FROM G5]AL EM95CE & NOTORIETY 9 ,5GLI% LIT]ATURE1 TO ANSW] ANY SU* PURPOSE4 ,I AFFIX$ HIS NAME TO ! PAGE1 M]ELY FROM A SPIRIT ( FRANKNESS1 BECAUSE 9 REALITY IT WAS ,JONA?AN ,$W>DS'S ,ESSAY !RE REF]R$ TO2 :I* FIR/ L$ ME 9TO ! TRA9 ( ?9K+ ON ?AT PO9T EXHIBIT$ 9 ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE2  & ,I BELIEV$ IT W\LD BE UNMANLY TO SUPPRESS ! NAME ( MY B5EFACTOR4 ,IF ANY P]SON IS EI!R AMUS$ OR 9/RUCT$ BY ,DR4 ,P>R'S DI/9CTION BETWE5 VIRTUE & TRUE VIRTUE1 9 ORD] TO PROVE ?AT1 ?\< ,JONA?AN ,$W>DS D5I$ GRATITUDE TO BE TRUE VIRTUE1 HE ADMITT$ IT TO BE VIRTUE SIMPLY TAK51 ,I CONFESS ,I HAVE TOO MU* HUMANITY TO BE WILL+ TO DI/URB HIS 5JOYM5TS4 

  ,! FIR/ PAMPHLET1 ,I BELIEVE1 :I* U%]$ 9 ?IS TREM5D\S W> AGA9/ PHILAN?ROPY1 IS 5TITL$ AN ,EXAM9ATION ( ! ,LEAD+ ,PR9CIPLE ( ! ,NEW ,SY/EM ( ,MORALS1 & WAS1 SOME TIME AFT] ITS PUBLICATION1 AV[$ AS ! PRODUCTION  ( ,?OMAS ,GRE51 ESQ4  ,I WAS CONSID]ABLY AMUS$1 &1 AS F> AS SU* A TRIFLE C\LD OP]ATE1 CONFIRM$ 9 ! WAY ( ?9K+ EXPRESS$ 9 ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 BY ! P]USAL ( ?IS ESSAY2  ?\< ,I C\LD NOT ACCEPT ! COMPLIM5T :I* ,MR4 ,GRE5 PAYS ME 9 ! \TSET1 :]E HE SAYS1 0 ,NO?+ CAN BE MORE ?OR\<LY CONSI/5T10 ?AN ! DOCTR9ES ( ?IS WORK4 0,ALL[ ! FIR/ POSITION 7& IT HAS EV]Y PREPOSSESSION 9 ITS FAVOR71 & ALL ! 9F]5CES FOLL[ SO CLE>LY & IRRESI/IBLY1 ?AT IT SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE TO ELUDE !IR =CE40 ,HE GOES ON1 9 A SORT  ( ATTEMPT TO IMITATE TILE /YLE ( ,MR4 ,BURKE1 0,ALL WAS S\ND1 ALL WAS WAT]-TI<T2 NOT A CRANNY1 NOT A *9K = TRU? TO SLIP \T1 OR ]ROR TO CREEP 910 ,EXAM9ATION1 P4 #a#c1 #a#e4 ,I C\LD NOT1 ,I SAY1 ACCEPT ?IS COMPLIM5T2 ,I NEV] FLATT]$ MYSELF ?AT A WORK1 SO MULTIF>I\S 9 ITS DISQUISITIONS1 C\LD BE )\T 9CONSI/5CIES2 NOR1 TO SPEAK +5U\SLY1 ?\< ,I WAS NOT VA9 5\< TO PRESUME ?AT EV]Y ?+ ,I HAD SAID WAS TRU?1 NEI!R WAS ,I MODE/ 5\< TO IMAG9E ?AT MY BOOK1 FROM BEG9N+ TO 5D1 CONTA9$ NO L9E BUT :AT WAS ]ROR4 

  ,MY CURIOSITY H[EV] WAS SOME:AT EXCIT$ TO KN[ :AT MY ANTAGONI/ REG>D$ AS ! LEAD+ PR9CIPLE ( MY SY/EM1 :I* MU/ BE REMOV$1 UND]   P5ALTY ( SUFF]+ ! :OLE SY/EM  TO /& 9VULN]ABLE & IMPREGNABLE TO ! LATE/ AGES4 ,?IS PR9CIPLE IS /AT$ BY ! AU?OR ) GREAT EXPLICITNESS1 P4 #a#f4 ,IT IS 0! OP9ION :I* HAS LATELY PREVAIL$ ?AT VIRTUE CONFLICTS ALTOGE!R 9 UTILITY 2 ?AT IT IS ! B5EFICIAL OR P]NICI\S T5D5CY ( AN ACTION1 :I* ALONE CON/ITUTES IT VIRTU\S OR VICI\S4 ,IF VIRTUE IS 9DE$ ONLY ANO!R NAME = ! UTILITY ( AN ACTION1 ,I AM B\ND TO LOOK TO UTILITY1 & TO UTILITY ONLY1 AS A TE/ ( MORAL RECTITUDE40 

  ,I REMEMB]1 ! FIR/ IDEA :I* >OSE TO MY M9D1 9 ?AT TONE ( C>ELESSNESS & SECURITY :I* SU* AN ATTACK PRODUC$1 WAS1 ,I MAY LEAVE ?IS G5TLEMAN TO BE ANSW]$ BY ,DR4 ,P>R4 ,I KNEW1 IF ,I KNEW ANY ?+1 ?AT ,DR4 ,P>R REG>D$ 0UTILITY1 & UTILITY ONLY1 AS A TE/ ( MORAL RECTITUDE10 9 COMMON1 AS1 ,MR4 ,GRE5 V]Y JU/LY OBS]VES1 ) 0,LAW1 ,BR[N1 ,PALEY1 ,HELVETIUS & ,HUME1 ,EXAM4 P4 #b40 ,I KNEW ?AT ,DR4 ,P>R HELD ?IS PR9CIPLE 9 HI< REV]5CE1 & MADE IT ! V]Y FREQU5T TOPIC ( HIS ,PANEGYRIC4 ,YET TO MY A/ONI%M5T1 9 ! ,NOTES TO ! ,SPITAL ,S]MON1 P4 #h#f1 ,I F9D ,MR4 ,GRE5 V]Y W>MLY RECOMM5D$ = HIS 0P5ETRATION1 TA/E1  & L>GE VIEWS 9 PHILOSOPHY10 )\T ! LEA/ NOTICE ( HIS HAV+ FALL51 9 ! PAMPHLET APPLAUD$1 9TO ANY CONSID]ABLE ]ROR4 ,I CAN NO O!RWISE ACC\NT = ?IS1 ?AN BY SUPPOS+ ?AT :ATEV] ATTACKS ! P]NICI\S SY/EM ( UNIV]SAL PHILAN?ROPY1 ?\< AT ! EXP5SE ( ! LEAD+ >TICLE ( ,DR4 ,P>R'S CRE$1 ! V]Y TE/ & CRIT]ION ( ALL VIRTUE1 IS ACCEPTABLE4--,DR4 ,P>R HAS 9DE$ GONE FUR!R ?AN ?IS4 ,HE HAS UND]TAK5 TO EFFECT A CONSOLIDATION ( ,MR4 ,GRE5'S DOCTR9E TO HIS [N4 ,HE HAS 9F]R$ 9 HIS ,NOTES1 P4 #g#b1 ! V]Y PASSAGE ( ! ,EXAM9ATION ABOVE RECIT$2 &1 BY ! HELP ( NOT QUOT+ ! SECOND S5T5CE1 & ( ?R[+ AN EMPHASIS UPON ! WORDS 0ALTOGE!R0 & 0ALONE0 9 ! FIR/1 HAS ATTEMPT$ TO EXTRACT A MEAN+ \T ( ! PASSAGE1 ( :I* ,I BELIEVE EV]Y IMP>TIAL READ] WILL PRON\NCE IT 9CAPABLE4 

  ,I AM LOA! TO LABOR TOO MU* SO IRRESI/IBLE A PO9T AS ! OPPOSITION BETWE5 ,DR4 ,P>R & ,MR4 ,GRE51 ?\< ,I [N ,I %\LD BE SORRY TO LEAVE A LOOP-HOLE 9 ! >GUM5T1 \T ( :I* = ,DR4 ,P>R TO ESCAPE4 ,I ADD !RE=E A V]Y FEW WORDS4 ,MR4 ,GRE5 SAYS1 JU/ AFT] ! PASSAGE ABOVE REF]R$ TO1 P4#a#g1 0,I AM FAIRLY AT ISSUE ) ! ADVOCATES ( ! ,NEW ,SY/EM ( ,MORALS1 BY DIRECTLY D5Y+1--?AT IT IS PRACTICABLE1 AS A PROJECT1 TO D$UCE MORAL DI/9CTION FROM ?IS S\RCE10 VIZ41 0! T5D5CY ( ITS OBJECTS TO PROMOTE OR ?W>T ! G5]AL GOOD40 ,CAN ANY ?+ BE LESS EQUIVOCAL ?AN ?IS8 ,AGA93 ,MR4 ,GRE5 V]Y FAIRLY & SPIRIT$LY [NS1 ?AT ! AU?ORS TO :OM HIS REASON+S >E ADV]SE1 >E 0,LAW1 ,BR[N1 ,PALEY1 ,HELVETIUS & ,HUME40 ,DR4 ,P>R MU/ !RE=E %[ H[ HIS OP9ION ON ! SUBJECT ( UTILITY DIFF]S FROM !IRS1 BE=E HE CAN MAKE \T ?AT ,MR4 ,GRE5'S PAMPHLET IS NOT 9 AS DIRECT HO/ILITY TO HIS CRE$1 AS TO ! LEAD+ PR9CIPLE ( ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE4 

  ,! REMA9D] ( !SE PAGES %ALL BE D$ICAT$ TO AN EXAM9ATION ( SO MU* ( ! REASON+ 9 ! ,ESSAY ON ! ,PR9CIPLE ( ,POPULATION1 AS HAS BE5 SUPPOS$ BY SOME P]SONS TO BE SUBV]SIVE ( ! FAVORITE DOCTR9E ( ! ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 ! PROGRESSIVE NATURE ( MAN4 ,DR4 ,P>R SAYS ?AT ! AU?OR ( ?IS TREATISE HAS 0DEMON/RAT$1 ?AT ,MR4 ,GODW9'S S*EME ( EQUALITY CAN NEV] BE REALIZ$1 & ?AT1 W]E IT REALIZ$1 IT SOON W\LD CEASE1 & DRIVE US BACK1 FROM ! TRANSI5T BLESS+S ( AN ILL-DIRECT$ & OV]/RA9$ B5EVOL5CE1 TO ALL ! T]RIBLE EVILS ( ! MO/ CORRUPT & F]OCI\S SELFI%NESS1 ,SPITAL ,S]MON1  P4 #a#d#c40--,! WORD 9 ITALICS IS SO M>K$ BY ,DR4 ,P>R4 

  ,&1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ,DR4 ,P>R'S SANCTION1 :I* IS TOO EASILY GA9$1 & TOO EASILY =FEIT$1 = ME TO BE DISPOS$ TO LAY MU* /RESS UPON IT1 ,I HAD SEV]AL REASONS = WI%+ TO PAY A C]TA9  ATT5TION TO ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION4 ,MANY P]SONS :O HAVE BE5 WELL DISPOS$ T[>DS ! !ORIES ( ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 & :OSE >D5T B5EVOL5CE L$ !M TO CONTEMPLATE ) DELI<T ! PROSPECTS ( UNLIMIT$ IMPROVEM5T1 HAVE EXPRESS$ !MSELVES EXCE$+LY P]PLEX$ ) ! REASON+S ( ?IS TREATISE1 & HAVE 9VIT$ & URG$ ME TO 5T] 9TO ! DISCUSSION ( ITS PR9CIPLES4 ,P]HAPS ,I [$ TO !SE P]SONS TO HAVE WRITT5 SOME?+ EXPRESSLY ON ?AT PO9T4  ,BUT ,I [N ,I NEV] C\LD P]SUADE MYSELF TO SEE ANY ADEQUATE REASON = DO+ SO4 ,IT /OOD \T SO OBVI\S & GL>+ TO MY M9D1 ?AT ! REASON+S ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION DID NOT BE> ) ANY P>TICUL> /RESS UPON MY HYPO!SIS1 ?AT ,I ?\<T O!R M51 :O HAD ANY CONSID]ABLE MOTIVE TO WI% = 9=MATION1 \<T TO BE ABLE TO MAKE \T ! PO9T = !MSELVES1 )\T CALL+ ON ! ORIG9AL ASS]TOR ( ! HYPO!SIS = ASSI/ANCE4 ,I AM HAPPY H[EV] TO HAVE ?IS OPPORTUNITY OBTRUD$ ON ME2 TO MAKE A FEW BRIEF OBS]VATIONS ON AN >GUM5T :I* ,I WAS BY NO MEANS SURE DID  NOT CALL ON ME = SOME EXPLANATION1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! OCCURR5CE ( SU* AN OPPORTUNITY4 

  ,I APPROA*1 AS ,I HAVE ALREADY SAID1 ! AU?OR ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION ) A S5TIM5T ( UNFEIGN$ APPROBATION & RESPECT4 ,! G5]AL /RA9 ( HIS >GUM5T DOES ! HI<E/ HONOR TO ! LIB]ALITY ( HIS M9D4 ,HE HAS NEI!R LABOR$ TO EXCITE HATR$ NOR CONTEMPT AGA9/ ME OR MY T5ETS3 HE HAS >GU$ ! QUE/IONS BETWE5 US1 JU/ AS IF !Y HAD NEV] BE5 MADE A !ME = POLITICAL P>TY & ! 9TRIGUES ( FACTION3  HE HAS >GU$1 JU/ AS IF HE HAD NO 5D 9 VIEW1 BUT ! 9VE/IGATION ( EVID5CE1 & ! DEVELOPM5T ( TRU?4 ,?IS AU?OR HAS A CLAIM1 P]HAPS /ILL HI<]1 UPON MY RESPECT4 ,) ! MO/ UNAFFECT$ SIMPLICITY ( MANN]1 & DISDA9+ EV]Y P>ADE ( SCI5CE1 HE APPE>S TO ME TO HAVE MADE AS UNQUE/IONABLE AN ADDITION TO ! !ORY ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 AS ANY WRIT] = A C5TURY PA/4 ,! GR& PROPOSITIONS & \TL9E ( HIS WORK WILL1 ,I BELIEVE1 BE F\ND NOT LESS CONCLUSIVE & C]TA91 ?AN !Y >E NEW4 ,= MYSELF ,I CANNOT REFUSE TO TAKE SOME PRIDE1 9 SO F> AS BY MY WRIT+S ,I GAVE ! OCCASION1 & FURNI%$ AN 9C5TIVE1 TO ! PRODUC+ SO VALUABLE A TREATISE4 

            ,DR4 ,FRANKL9 SEEMS FIR/ TO HAVE COLLECT$ ! FACTS UPON :I* \R AU?OR'S HYPO!SIS PROCE$S2 BUT HE HAS NOT GIV5 ! SLI<TE/ H9T ( ?OSE 9F]5CES :I* >E DRAWN FROM !M 9 ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION4 

           ,! F\NDATIONS ( ! DISCOV]Y CONTA9$ 9 ?IS TREATISE >E EXCE$+LY SIMPLE4 ,EV]Y ONE1 :OSE ATT5TION IS = A MOM5T CALL$ TO ! SUBJECT1 WILL IMM$IATELY P]CEIVE1 ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( MULTIPLICATION  9 ! HUMAN SPECIES IS )\T LIMITS1 & ?AT1 IF IT T5DS TO ANY 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB]S ( MANK9D1 IT MU/ HAVE ?AT T5D5CY1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ANY EXTR9SIC CAUSES *ECK+ ! GR[? ( POPULATION1 = EV]4 

           ,DR44 ,FRANKL9 HAS F\ND1 9 ! RESULT ( A S]IES ( 9QUIRIES SET ON FOOT 9 ! NEW-SETTL$ COLONIES ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 ?AT ! 9CREASE ( POPULATION AMONG !M IS SO RAPID1 ?AT !Y CON/ANTLY D\BLE ! NUMB] ( !IR 9HABITANTS 9 TW5TY OR FIVE-&-TW5TY YE>S4 ,UND] ! LONG E/ABLI%$ GOV]NM5TS ( ,EUROPE1 POPULATION 9 SOME 9/ANCES IS AT A /&1 & 9 O!RS IS ?\<T RA!R TO T5D TO DIM9UTION4 ,! ONLY CAUSE ( ?IS DIFF]5CE  IS PROBABLY TO BE TRAC$ TO ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE1 ?AT1 9 OLD-SETTL$ C\NTRIES1 AN 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB] ( *ILDR5 IS F\ND 9 ALMO/ ALL 9/ANCES TO BE A BURD5 TO ! P>5TS1 &1 9 C\NTRIES :I* >E ON ! PO9T ( BE+ SETTL$ = ! FIR/ TIME1 !Y >E ! MO/ PRECI\S WEAL? :I* ! SETTL] CAN HAVE TO HIS LOT4 ,! G5U9E & UNADULT]AT$ OP]ATION ( ! PR9CIPLE ( POPULATION IS !RE=E TO BE TAK5 FROM NEW-SETTL$ C\NTRIES4 ,H5CE IT APPE>S ?AT ! PROGRESS IS 9 ! NATURE ( A GEOMETRICAL RATIO1 OR #b1 #d1 #h1 #a#f1 #c#b1 #f#d1 D\BL+ ITSELF EV]Y TW5TY YE>S4 

           ,HAV+ ?US ASC]TA9$ & FIX$ ! PR9CIPLE ( ,POPULATION1 WE COME NEXT TO CONSID] ! MEASURES ( SUBSI/5CE4 ,IF ! LATT] DO NOT KEEP PACE ) OR AT LEA/ PRESS CLOSELY ON ! FOOT/EPS ( ! =M]1 ! MO/ DREADFUL CALAMITIES & DISORD]S MU/ BE EXPECT$ TO 5SUE4 ,TO ASC]TA9 ?IS PO9T !N1 LET US SUPPOSE ! ACTUAL PRODUCE ( ! SOIL ( ,5GL& PRECISELY CAPABLE ( FE$+ ITS PRES5T 9HABITANTS1 & LET US SUPPOSE ?AT ! NUMB] ( ?OSE 9HABITANTS IS EI<T MILLIONS4 ,IT HAS ALREADY APPE>$ ?AT1 9 TW5TY YE>S1 ! PR9CIPLE ( POPULATION1 IF OP]AT+ )\T A *ECK1 W\LD CAUSE ?OSE 9HABITANTS TO D\BLE !IR PRES5T NUMB]1 ?AT IS1 TO BE SIXTE5 MILLIONS4 ,WELL1 SAYS ! AU?OR ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 LET US BE LIB]AL 9 \R CONCESSIONS1 LET US NOT RISK ! 5=C+ \R PR9CIPLE ) TOO GREAT /RICTNESS1 & LET US SUPPOSE ?AT1 BY A MORE 5LI<T5$ /UDY ( AGRICULTURE1 BY ! BREAK+ UP ( WA/E L&S1 & BY V>I\S O!R EXP$I5TS1 ! SOIL ( ,5GL& %ALL1 TW5TY YE>S H5CE1 BE ABLE TO SUBMIT ?IS VA/ ACCESSION ( 9HABITANTS4 

           ,LET US GO ON AGA9 & AGA9 9 ! SAME LIB]AL /YLE ( CONCESSION 9 :I* WE SET \T4  ,WE >E F> FROM BE+ ABLE TO ANTICIPATE ALL ! EXP$I5TS MAN IS ABLE TO DISCOV]1 & ! RES\RCES ( HIS +5UITY4 ,LET US IMAG9E ?AT1 AS ! FIR/ TW5TY YE>S PRODUC$ ADDITIONAL SUBSI/5CE ADEQUATE TO ! SUPPORT ( EI<T MILLIONS ( ADD$ 9HABITANTS1 ! NEXT TW5TY YE>S %ALL PRODUCE SUBSI/5CE = EI<T MILLIONS MORE1 & SO ON1 9 >I?METICAL RATIO1 OR ! RATIO ( ADDITION1 = EV]4 ,?IS IS AN AMPLE ALL[ANCE1 AS ! SOIL ( ,5GL&1 AS WELL AS ! SURFACE ( ! GLOBE1 IS LIMIT$1 & CONTA9S ONLY AN ASSIGNABLE NUMB] ( ACRES4 ,BUT ?IS CONCLUSION PRES5TS TO US 9 ! MO/ /RIK+ LI<T1 ! 9ADEQUAT5ESS ( ! PR9CIPLE ( SUBSI/5CE TO MEET & BE> UP AGA9/ ! PR9CIPLE ( POPULATION4 ,POPULATION1 LEFT TO ITSELF1 W\LD GO 9 ! RATIO ( #b1 #d1 #h1 #a#f1 #c#b1 #f#d1 & SUBSI/5CE1 UPON A SUPPOSITION C]TA9LY SUFFICI5TLY FAVORABLE1 ONLY 9 ! RATIO ( #b1 #d1 #f1 #h1 #a1 #a#b1 = EV]Y TW5TY YE>S SUCCESSIVELY4 ,I HAVE F\ND IT MO/ CONV5I5T1 BO? = ! SAKE ( CLE>NESS & BREVITY1 TO /ATE ! MA9 DOCTR9E ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION 9 MY [N WORDS4 ,I HOPE ,I HAVE DONE JU/ICE TO ! MEAN+ ( ! AU?OR3 ,I AM SURE ,I HAVE NOT DESIGN$LY MISREPRES5T$ IT4 ,IT IS A DOCTR9E TOO FULL ( S]I\S REFLECTIONS TO ! POLITICAL SPECULATOR1 & ( TOO MU* IMPORTANCE TO ! BE/ 9T]E/S ( MANK9D1 NOT TO IMPOSE UPON EV]Y ONE :O M$DLES ) IT1 A RIGID DUTY ( FAIRNESS1 IMP>TIALITY & C&OR4 

           ,! WAY 9 :I* ! AU?OR ( ?IS TREATISE 5DEAVORS TO BR+ HIS >GUM5TS TO BE> UPON ! DOCTR9ES ( ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE IS AS FOLL[S4 ,H[ IS IT1 HE IS L$ TO 9QUIRE1 ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( POPULATION1 :I* HAS SO P]PETUAL A T5D5CY TO PROCE$ BEYOND ! LIMITS ( ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE1 IS KEPT D[N 9 ?IS & O!R C\NTRIES1 SO AS1 TO BE ATT5D$ SC>CELY ) ANY P]CEPTIBLE 9CREASE8 ,& HIS ANSW] CANNOT BE ACCUS$ ( NOT BE+ BROAD & AMPLE 5\< TO COV] ! DIFFICULTY4 ,HE /ATES IT TO BE 0! GR9D+ LAW ( NECESSITY2 MIS]Y1 & ! FE> ( MIS]Y1 P4 #a#g#f40 ,& ELSE:]E HE APPE>S WILL+ TO ASSIGN TWO CAUSES1 :I* UND\BT$LY CAN NEV] EXI/ SEP>ATELY FROM EA* O!R1 VISE & MIS]Y4 

           ,! 9F]5CE FROM !SE POSITIONS IS1 ?AT ! POLITICAL SUP]9T5D5TS ( A COMMUNITY >E B\ND TO EX]CISE A PAT]NAL VIGILANCE & C>E OV] !SE TWO GREAT MEANS ( ADVANTAGE & SAFETY TO MANK9D2 & ?AT NO EVIL IS MORE TO BE DREAD$1 ?AN ?AT WE %\LD HAVE TOO LITTLE VISE & MIS]Y 9 ! WORLD TO CONF9E ! PR9CIPLES ( POPULATION )9 ITS PROP] SPH]E4 ,( CONSEQU5CE EV]Y ATTEMPT GREATLY TO IMPROVE ! CONDITION ( MANK9D IS TO BE VIEW$ ) AN EYE ( JEAL\SY2 &1 ABOVE ALL1 A S*EME SU* AS 9 ! F]VOR ( MY HE>T ,I 5DEAVOR$ TO DEL9EATE1 ! T5D5CY ( :I* IS TO DRIVE ALL VISE & MIS]Y FROM ! FACE ( ! E>?1 W\LD1 IF IT C\LD BE REALIZ$1 PROVE TO BE ONE ( ! MO/ 9TOL]ABLE CALAMITIES ) :I* ! HUMAN SPECIES CAN BE AFFLICT$4 ,! AU?OR DOES NOT EXULT 9 ?IS VIEW ( ! SUBJECT4 ,HE IS PLEAS$ TO SAY1 0,! SY/EM :I* ,MR4 ,GODW9 PROPOSES IS1 )\T D\BT1 ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL & 5GAG+ ( ANY ?AT HAS YET APPE>$4--,9 %ORT1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO CONTEMPLATE ! :OLE ( ?IS FAIR /RUCTURE1 )\T EMOTIONS ( DELI<T & ADMIRATION1 ACCOMPANI$ ) AN >D5T LONG+ = ! P]IOD ( ITS ACCOMPLI%M5T1 ,ESSAY1 P4 #a#g#d1#e40 ,& HE CAN ONLY EXPRESS HIS REGRET1 ?AT 0! GREAT OB/ACLE 9 ! WAY TO ANY EXTRAORD9>Y IMPROVEM5T 9 SOCIETY1 IS ( A NATURE ?AT WE CAN NEV] HOPE TO OV]COME1 P4 #c#d#f40  ,! AU?OR !RE=E CANNOT BE DISPLEAS$ ) ME = ATTEMPT+ ! RELIEF ( SO 0DI%E>T5+0 A CONSID]ATION4 

           ,! *IEF1 P]HAPS ,I MI<T SAY ! ONLY1 DIFFICULTY ,I FEEL 9 5T]+ UPON ?IS SUBJECT1 IS ?AT ,I MU/ CONSID] MYSELF AS ADDRESS+ READ]S1 MANY ( :OM NEV] BE/[$ A P]USAL UPON ! ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 & ! RE/1 IF !Y EV] 5T]$ ) >DOR 9TO ! FEEL+S ?AT BOOK WAS 9T5D$ TO EXCITE1 HAVE D\BTLESS1 9 ! 9T]VAL :I* HAS S9CE ELAPS$1 HAD !IR >DOR COOL$ BY ! OP]ATION ( TIME4 ,! 9T]C\RSE ( ! WORLD HAS A P[]FUL T5D5CY TO BLUNT 9 US ! S5TIM5TS ( 5?USIASM1 & ! SPIRIT ( ROMANCE2 &1 :ATEV] TRU? WE MAY SUPPOSE !RE TO BE 9 ! DOCTR9E ( ! PROGRESSIVE NATURE ( MAN1 IT IS SO F> REMOTE FROM ! TRANSACTIONS ( ORD9>Y LIFE1 & ! FEEL+S :I* IMPEL US 9 SU* TRANSACTIONS TO B5D TO ! R\T9E ( CIRCUMSCRIB$ & UNSPECULATIVE M51 ?AT IT CAN ) DIFFICULTY PRES]VE ITS AU?ORITY 9 ! MID/ ( SO /RONG A CONTAGION4 ,YET ,I AM N[ OBLIG$ TO RECUR TO ! ROMANTIC & UNPRACTIC$ !ORIES ( ! ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 NAK$LY1 ABRUPTLY1 )\T ANY PREP>ATION OR 9T]VAL TO MITIGATE ! PREJUDICES ( ! READ]4 ,I CAN !RE=E ONLY 9TREAT HIM TO RECOLLECT1 ?AT ! QUE/ION H[ F> !Y >E ROMANTIC OR IMPRACTICABLE 9 O!R VIEWS DOES NOT N[ FALL UND] \R CONSID]ATION1 BUT ?AT WE >E SIMPLY TO 9QUIRE 9 :AT DEGREE !Y >E AFFECT$1  BY ! DISCOV]IES ( ! AU?OR RESPECT+ ! PR9CIPLE ( POPULATION4 

           ,LET IT BE RECOLLECT$1 ?AT ,I ADMIT ! RATIOS ( ! AU?OR 9 !IR FULL EXT5T1 & ?AT ,I DO NOT ATTEMPT 9 ! SLI<TE/ DEGREE TO VITIATE ! GREAT F\NDATIONS ( HIS !ORY4 ,MY UND]TAK+ CONF9ES ITSELF TO ! TASK ( REPELL+ HIS CONCLUSIONS4  

           ,I ADMIT FULLY ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( POPULATION 9 ! HUMAN SPECIES IS 9 ITS [N NATURE 5]GETIC & UNLIMIT$1 & ?AT ! SAFETY ( ! WORLD CAN NO O!RWISE BE MA9TA9$1 BUT BY A CON/ANT & P[]FUL *ECK UPON ?IS PR9CIPLE4 ,?IS IDEA DEMOLI%ES AT ONCE MANY MAXIMS :I* HAVE BE5 LONG & UNSUSPECT$LY RECEIV$ 9TO ! VULG> CODE ( MORALITY1 SU* AS ?AT IT IS ! FIR/ DUTY ( PR9CES TO WAT* = ! MULTIPLICATION ( !IR SUBJECTS1 & ?AT A MAN OR WOMAN1 :O PASSES ! T]M ( LIFE 9 A CONDITION ( CELIBACY1 IS TO BE CONSID]$ AS HAV+ FAIL$ TO DIS*>GE ONE ( ! PR9CIPAL OBLIGATIONS !Y [E TO ! COMMUNITY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y IT N[ APPE>S TO BE RA!R ! MAN :O RE>S A NUM]\S FAMILY1 ?AT HAS 9 SOME DEGREE TRANSGRESS$ ! CONSID]ATION HE [ES TO ! PUBLIC WELF>E4  ,POPULATION IS ALWAYS1 AS ?IS AU?OR OBS]VES1 9 ALL OLD-SETTL$ C\NTRIES 7PUTT+ \T ( \R VIEW ! TEMPOR>Y OCCURR5CE ( EXTRAORD9>Y CALAMITIES1 :I* H[EV] MAY BE EXPECT$ TO BE RAPIDLY REPAIR$71 9 SOME DEGREE ( EXCESS BEYOND ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE3 !RE IS CON/ANTLY A SMALL] QUANTITY ( PROVISIONS1 ?AN W\LD BE REQUISITE = ! COM=TABLE & VIGOR\S SUPPORT ( ALL ! 9HABITANTS4 

           ,! *ECKS UPON POPULATION :I* >E HONOR$ ) ! PATRONAGE ( ! AU?OR ( ?IS ESSAY1 >E VISE & MIS]Y4 ,H]E IT IS OBVI\S TO ! REM>K ( EV]Y MAN1 ?AT WE CAN SC>CELY SELECT *ECKS :I* %ALL HAVE A LESS S$UC+ & AGREEABLE APPE>ANCE1 OR FEW] 9TR9SIC RECOMM5DATIONS TO PLEAD 9 !IR BEHALF4 ,?US ! AU?OR1 9 CORRESPOND5CE TO ! HABITUAL FAIRNESS ( HIS DISQUISITIONS1 AF=DS EV]Y ADVANTAGE TO SU* AS %ALL FEEL DISPOS$ TO 9QUIRE 9TO ! DOCTR9E ( SUB/ITUTES4 

           ,IS IT NECESS>Y ?AT WE %\LD ALWAYS PRES]VE ! PRECISE PORTION ( VISE & MIS]Y :I* >E N[ TO BE F\ND 9 ! WORLD1 UND] PA9 ( BE+ SUBJECT$ TO ! MO/ T]RIBLE CALAMITIES8  ,! AU?OR V]Y TRULY SAYS1 ?AT HIS 9F]5CES >E 9 A /ATE ( OP5 W> AGA9/ EV]Y 0EXTRAORD9>Y IMPROVEM5T 9 SOCIETY40 ,NOT ONLY :AT ,MR4 ,MACK9TO% /YLES ! 0ABOM9ABLE & PE/IL5TIAL P>ADOXES0 ( ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 BUT EV]Y G5]\S ATTEMPT = ANY IMPORTANT MELIORATION ( ! CONDITION ( MANK9D1 IS H]E AT /AKE4 ,! ADVOCATES ( OLD E/ABLI%M5TS & OLD ABUSES1 C\LD NOT HAVE F\ND A DOCTR9E1 MORE TO !IR HE>T'S CONT5T1 MORE EFFECTUAL TO %UT \T ALL RE=M & IMPROVEM5T = EV]4 ,LET !N EV]Y >D5T & PHILAN?ROPICAL FRI5D TO ! BE/ 9T]E/S ( MANK9D1 :ATEV] MAY BE HIS P>TICUL> SPECULATION & FAVORITE PROJECT1 GO ALONG ) ME 9 ! 9VE/IGATION ( \R AU?OR'S CONCLUSIONS4 

           ,TO DISCOV] :E!R EXACTLY ! SAME PROPOSITIONS ( VISE & MIS]Y :I* N[ OBTA91 >E REQUISITE = ! PRES]VATION ( ! GREAT /RUCTURE ( HUMAN SOCIETY1 LET US OP5 \R EYES TO SURVEY ! RECORDS ( ANCI5T HI/ORY & TO CONSID] :AT IS P]HAPS N[ TAK+ PLACE 9 DIFF]5T P>TS ( ! GLOBE4 ,ONE ( ! GREATE/ EVILS :I* CAN 9FE/ POLITICAL DISQUISITION1 IS ! IMAG9ATION ?AT :AT TAKES PLACE 9 ! SPOT & P]IOD 9 :I* WE LIVE1 IS ESS5TIAL TO ! G5]AL REGULATION & WELL-BE+ ( MANK9D4 ,:AT WAS CALL$ ! EXPOS+ ( *ILDR5 PREVAIL$ TO A V]Y EXT5SIVE DEGREE 9 ! ANCI5T WORLD4 ,! SAME PRACTICE CONT9UES TO ?IS H\R 9 ,*9A4 

           ,I KN[ ?AT ! PREJUDICES & HABITS ( MOD]N ,EUROPE >E /RONGLY 9 >MS AGA9/ ?IS 9/ITUTION4 ,I GRANT ?AT IT IS V]Y PA9FUL & REPULSIVE TO ! IMAG9ATION ( P]SONS $UCAT$ AS ,I & MY C\NTRYM5 HAVE BE54 ,& ,I HOPE1 & TRU/1 ?AT NO SU* EXP$I5T WILL BE NECESS>Y TO BE RESORT$ TO1 9 ANY /ATE ( SOCIETY :I* %ALL EV] BE 9TRODUC$ 9 ?IS OR HE SURR\ND+ C\NTRIES4 

           ,YET1 IF WE COMP>E IT ) MIS]Y & VISE1 ! *ECKS PLEAD$ = 9 ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 :AT %ALL WE SAY8 ,I CONTEMPLATE MY SPECIES ) ADMIRATION & REV]5CE4 ,:5 ,I ?9K ( ,SOCRATES1 ,SOLON & ,>I/IDE AMONG ! ,GREEKS1 :5 ,I ?9K ( ,FABRICUS1 ,C9C9NATUS & ,CIC]O AMONG ! ,ROMANS1 ABOVE ALL1 :5 ,I ?9K ( ,MILTON1 ,%AKESPE>E1 ,BACON & ,BURKE1 & :5 ,I REFLECT ON ! FACULTIES & CAPACITIES EV]Y:]E1 9 DIFF]5T DEGREES1 9H]5T 9 ! HUMAN =M1 ,I AM OBLIG$ TO CONFESS1--?AT  ,I KN[ NOT ( H[ EXTRAORD9>Y PRODUCTIONS ! MY/]I\S PR9CIPLE TO :I* WE [E \R EXI/5CE IS CAPABLE1 BUT ?AT MY IMAG9ATION IS ABLE TO REPRES5T TO ITSELF NO?+ MORE ILLU/RI\S & EXCELL5T ?AN MAN4 ,BUT IT IS NOT MAN1 SU* AS ,I FREQU5TLY SEE HIM1 ?AT EXCITES MU* ( MY V5]ATION4 #a KN[ ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ?OSE ,I SEE1 >E CORRUPT1 L[-M9D$1 BESOTT$1 PREP>$ = DEGRADATION & VISE1 & ) SC>CELY ANY VE/IGE AB\T E>LY M>RIAGES C\LD SC>CELY BE G5]AL1 HAD NOT M5 ! PROSPECT ( SO EASY A ME?OD ( GETT+ RID ( !IR *ILDR540 

           ,I DO NOT ?9K !RE IS ANY TRU? 9 !SE CONCLUSIONS4  ,!Y >E 9 DIRECT HO/ILITY TO ! MA9 !ORY ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ?AT !ORY POPULATION IS ALWAYS HELD CLOSELY 9 *ECK BY ! MEASURES ( SUBSI/5CE1 & NO?+ CAN CAUSE A NATION GREATLY TO 9CREASE 9 NUMB]S1 BUT A PROSPECT ( AN OBVI\S & EASY 5L>GEM5T ( ?OSE MEASURES4 ,LYCURGUS LIMIT$ ! NUMB] ( CITIZ5S 9 HIS REPUBLIC4 ,SOME?+ ( A SIMIL> NATURE TOOK PLACE 9 ,A!NS4 ,IF ,*9A1 AS LATE OBS]V]S HAVE 9=M$ US1 IS1 & HAS LONG BE5 SO POPUL\S1 ?AT EV]Y 9* ( GR\ND IS HI<LY CULTIVAT$1 & ! V]Y SURFACE ( ! RIV]S IS COV]$ ) B$S ( E>?1 & COMPELL$ TO YIELD ITS CONTRIBUTION TO ! FLOCK ( SUBSI/5CE1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE BUT ?AT1 9 SU* A C\NTRY1 POPULATION MU/ BE AT A /&4  

           ,BUT1 IF ! CONCLUSIONS ( ,HUME W]E AS CORRECT1 AS !Y APPE> TO ME TO BE LOOSE & UNF\ND$1 ! REM>K W\LD NOT BE ESS5TIAL4 ,IT W\LD /ILL BE TRUE ?AT ! EXPOS+ ( *ILDR5 IS 9 ITS [N NATURE AN EXP$I5T P]FECTLY ADEQUATE TO ! 5D = :I* IT HAS BE5 CIT$4 

           ,?IS WAS ! EXP$I5T RESORT$ TO BY ! ANCI5TS & ! ,*9ESE AS A *ECK UPON ! PR9CIPLE ( POPULATION4 ,O!R EXP$I5TS MAY BE F\ND 9 ! DESCRIPTIONS & RECORDS ( O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,9 ! ISL& ( ,CEYLON = EXAMPLE1 IT APPE>S TO BE A P>T ( ! COMMON LAW ( ! C\NTRY1 ?AT NO WOMAN %ALL BE A MO!R BE=E %E IS ?IRTY1 & !Y ACCORD+LY HAVE !IR ME?ODS = PROCUR+ ABORTIONS1 :I*1 WE >E TOLD1 >E P]FECTLY 9NOXI\S4 ,I DO NOT LOVE TO 5T] 9TO ! M9UTIAE ( !SE EXP$I5TS4 ,?OSE :O >E CURI\S ON ! SUBJECT MAY REF] TO :AT TRAVEL]S HAVE RELAT$ ON ?IS >TICLE4 

           ,I HAVE NOT 9TRODUC$ !SE P>TICUL>S1 AS SEEM+LY TO ME NECESS>Y TO ! SOLUTION ( ! DIFFICULTY PROPOS$4 ,IT WAS JU/ H[EV] TO GIVE A COMPREH5SIVE1 ?\< COMP5DI\S1 VIEW ( ! SUBJECT4 ,?IS CATALOG MI<T BE FUR!R 5L>G$4 

           ,IT IS RI<T H[EV] ?AT1 9 ADDITION TO !SE P>TICUL>S1 WE %\LD HYPO!TICALLY TAKE 9TO ! ACC\NT1 ! RES\RCES ( ! HUMAN M9D2 ! 9V5TIONS & DISCOV]IES ) :I* ALMO/ EV]Y P]IOD ( LIT]ATURE & REF9EM5T IS PREGNANT1 R5D]+ FAMILI> & OBVI\S TO EV]Y UND]/&+1 :AT PREVI\SLY TO SU* DISCOV]IES PRESUMPTION & IGNORANCE HAD PRON\NC$ TO BE IMPOSSIBLE2 & ! VA/ MULTITUDE ( SU* DISCOV]IES :I* MAY BE EXPECT$ BE=E WE >RIVE AT ! *ANCE ( MAK+ EXP]IM5T ( A /ATE ( EQUALITY & UNIV]SAL B5EVOL5CE4 ,W]E IT NOT = ! IMPRESSION :I* ! +5U\SNESS ( ?IS AU?OR & SOME ( HIS READ]S HAS MADE UPON ME1 ,I %\LD C]TA9LY HAVE PRON\NC$1 ?AT A MAN MU/ BE /RANGELY 9DIFF]5T OR AV]SE TO S*EMES ( EXTRAORD9>Y IMPROVEM5T 9 SOCIETY1 :O MADE ?IS A CONCLUSIVE >GUM5T AGA9/ !M1 ?AT1 :5 !Y W]E REALIZ$1 !Y MI<T P]ADV5TURE BE ( NO P]MAN5CE & DURATION4   

           ,LET US H[EV] CONSID] ! CASE1 SU* AS 9 ! PRES5T /ATE ( POLITICAL SCI5CE WE >E ABLE TO MAKE IT1 & PUTT+ \T ( \R VIEW ?OSE H>% & DISPLEAS+ REM$IES1 :I* HAVE NO FUR!R RECOMM5DATION ?AN ?AT !Y >E BETT] ?AN MIS]Y & VISE4  

           ,MANY P]SONS ) :OM ,I HAVE CONV]S$1 ADV]T+ ON ! ONE H& TO ! B\NDLESS P[] ( ! PR9CIPLE ( POPULATION1 & ON ! O!R RECOLLECT+ ?AT1 9 A /ATE ( CONT9UAL ADVANCE 9 LIB]TY & JU/ICE1 ! P]IOD MU/ COME1 :5 PUBLIC SAFETY W\LD IMP]I\SLY REQUIRE ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( 9CREASE %\LD BE SUSP5D$1 HAVE SE5 ! NECESS>Y *ECKS UND] A MORE FRI<TFUL ASPECT1 & AS MORE NE>LY & URG5TLY PRESS+ & HEMM+ US R\ND1 ?AN IS BY ANY MEANS ! CASE4 ,?IS ]ROR MAY EASILY BE CORRECT$4 

           ,LET US SUPPOSE ?AT POPULATION WAS AT ?IS MOM5T1 9 ,5GL& OR ELSE:]E1 SO F> ADVANC$1 ?AT ! PUBLIC WELF>E DEM&$ ?AT IT %\LD NO FUR!R 9CREASE4 ,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES IT IS PLA91 ?AT EV]Y MAN & WOMAN 9 ! COMMUNITY MI<T  BE P]MITT$ TO M>RY1 & ?AT EV]Y M>RIAGE MI<T BE ALL[$ TO PRODUCE TWO *ILDR54  ,?IS W\LD M]ELY KEEP UP ! POPULATION TO ITS PRES5T /&>D4 ,9 REALITY MORE ?AN ?IS MI<T BE ALL[$4 ,( ! *ILDR5 BORN 9TO ! WORLD 9 ! MO/ FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES1 ,I BELIEVE NOT MORE ?AN TWO \T ( ?REE MAY BE EXPECT$ TO BE RE>$ TO MATURITY4 ,EV]Y  M>RIAGE !N MI<T BE P]MITT$ TO PRODUCE ?REE *ILDR54 ,BUT FUR!R ?AN ?IS4 ,EV]Y M>RIAGE IS NOT F\ND TO BE PROLIFIC4 ,!RE WILL BE NATURAL DEFECTS ON ! SIDE ( ! MAN1 OR ON ?AT ( ! WOMAN4 ,AGA92 EV]Y MAN & WOMAN 9 ! COMMUNITY WILL NOT M>RY4 ,! PREJUDICE :I* AT PRES5T PREVAILS AGA9/ A S+LE LIFE1 & ! NOTION SO G5]ALLY RECEIV$1 ?AT A MAN OR WOMAN )\T PROG5Y1 HAS FAIL$ 9 DIS*>G+ ONE ( !IR UNQUE/IONABLE DUTIES TO SOCIETY1 FRI<T5S MANY M5 & WOM5 9TO AN 9CL9ATION T[>DS ! M>RIAGE /ATE4 ,?IS PREJUDICE ! DOCTR9ES ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 :5 !Y %ALL COME TO BE G5]ALLY DIFFUS$ & ADMITT$1 WILL T5D TO REMOVE4 ,ADD TO ?IS1 ?AT EV]Y M9D WILL NOT MEET ) ITS MATE4 ,SOME M5 WILL NOT BE GROSS 5\< TO M>RY FROM M]E APPETITE1 & TOO DELICATE EASILY TO BELIEVE ?AT !Y HAVE MET ) ! WOMAN1 :OSE M9D CLAIMS K9DR$ & EQUALITY ) !IRS4 ,IF ?IS SUBJECT W]E FUR!R PURSU$ IT W\LD LEAD TO MANY OBS]VATIONS & DETAILS1 CURI\S & IMPORTANT 9 !IR [N NATURE1 BUT :I* W\LD PROVE REPULSIVE TO ! G5]AL READ]1 & W\LD MORE PROP]LY F9D PLACE 9 A TREATISE ( M$IC9E OR ANIMAL ECONOMY4 ,FROM !SE ADD$ P>TICUL>S IT APPE>S1 ?AT ! AV]AGE ( ?REE *ILDR5 TO EV]Y PROLIFIC M>RIAGE W\LD NOT KEEP UP ! PRES5T /ATE ( POPULATION4 ,I BELIEVE WE MI<T ALL[ F\R4 ,H5CE IT FOLL[S ?AT1 :ATEV] BECOMES ( ! G5]AL QUE/ION ( *ECKS1 ! CASE IS NOT ALTOGE!R SO AL>M+ & TREM5D\S1 IS BY SOME P]SONS IT HAS BE5 APPREH5D$ TO BE4 

           ,IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO REG>D ! CALCULATION H]E PRES5T$ AS A RULE TO BE LAID D[N = ! CONDUCT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL MEMB]S ( A HAPPY COMMUNITY4 ,I AM ANSW]+ A BOOK ( CALCULATION1 & !RE=E MU/ REPEL ITS DOCTR9ES BY ! SAME MEANS ) :I* !Y >E 9=C$4 ,ALL ,I PROPOSE BY ! E/IMATE H]E PRES5T$ IS TO %[1 ?AT ! EVIL IS NOT SO URG5T1 NOR ! LIMITATION SO N>R[1 AS A T]RIFI$ IMAG9ATION MI<T LEAD US TO CONCEIVE4 

           ,! G5]AL DOCTR9E ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION IS SO CLE>1 & RE/S ON SU* IRRESI/IBLE EVID5CE1 ?AT ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE1 TOGE!R ) ITS NOVEL & UNEXPECT$ T5OR1 IS APT TO HURRY AWAY ! M9D1 & TAKE FROM US ALL P[] ( EXPO/ULATION & DI/9CTION4 ,:5 H[EV] WE HAVE RECOV]$ FROM \R E>LIE/ IMPRESSION ( A/ONI%M5T1 ! FIR/ ?+ :I* IS LIKELY TO /RIKE EV]Y REFLECT+ M9D IS1 ?AT ?IS EXCESS ( P[] 9 ! PR9CIPLE ( POPULATION OV] ! PR9CIPLE ( SUBSI/5CE1 HAS NEV] 9 ANY P>T 9/ANCE1 9 ANY QU>T] OR AGE ( ! WORLD1 PRODUC$ ?OSE GREAT & A/ONI%+ EFFECTS1 ?AT TOTAL BREAK+ UP ( ALL ! /RUCTURES & MAXIMS ( SOCIETY :I* ! ,ESSAY LEADS US TO EXPECT FROM IT1 9 C]TA9 CASES 9 FUTURE4 ,ITS OP]ATION HAS BE5 SIL5T1 GRADUAT$ & UNREM>K$2 SO MU* SO1 ?AT NO =M] POLITICAL WRIT] HAS T\*$ UPON IT BUT BY 9CID5T1 & IT WAS RES]V$ TO ! YE> ( ! ,*RI/IAN ]A #a#g#i,S FULLY & ADEQUATELY TO CALL \R ATT5TIONTO ITS EFFECTS4 ,YET1 AS ! AU?OR ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION V]Y PROP]LY REM>KS1 ?IS IS NO NEW CASE OR REMOTE SPECULATION4 ,9 ALL OLD SETTL$ C\NTRIES1 ! MEASURE ( POPULATION CONT9UALLY TR5*ES ON ! MEASURE ( SUBSI/5CE1 & ! ACTUAL QUANTITY ( PROVISIONS FALLS SOME:AT %ORT ( :AT W\LD BE NECESS>Y = ! VIGOR\S & COM=TABLE SUPPORT ( ! 9HABITANTS4 

           ,IT IS !RE=E WELL WOR?Y ( \R ATT5TION TO 9QUIRE1 RESPECT+ SU* A C\NTRY AS ,5GL&1 :]E1 ACCORD+ TO ! MAJORITY ( POLITICAL CALCULATORS1 POPULATION HAS LONG BE5 AT A /&1 BY :AT *ECKS IT IS KEPT D[N )9 ! LIMITS IT IS F\ND TO OBS]VE4 

           ,ONE ( ! *ECKS CONT9UALLY OP]AT+ IS1 ?AT GREAT NUMB]S ( ! *ILDR5 :O >E BORN 9 ?IS C\NTRY >E HALF DE/ROY$ BY NEGLECT & IMPROP] FOOD1 & ?AT1 AFT] P9+ AWAY A FEW WEEKS1 OR A YE> OR TWO ( EXI/5CE1 !Y P]I% MIS]ABLY )\T ANY *ANCE ( APPROA*+ MATURITY4 ,! P>5TS1 9 MANY CLASSES ( ! COMMUNITY1 SC>CELY ABLE TO MA9TA9 !MSELVES 9 LIFE1 IF !Y PROVIDE FOOD 9 SUFFICI5T QUANTITY = !IR *ILDR51 CAN AT LEA/ A PAY NO ATT5TION TO ITS BE+ PROP]LY ADAPT$ TO !IR AGE OR CON/ITUTION4 ,! M>RI$ WOMAN1 :OSE ONLY %ELT] IS A HOVEL OR A G>RET1 IF %E IS UN=TUNATE 5\< TO BE PROLIFIC1 IS SO H>ASS$ BY ! CONT9UAL LABOR :I* H] CIRCUM/ANCES REQUIRE ( H]1 ?AT H] P5URY BECOMES VISIBLE TO EV]Y SPECTATOR 9 ! MEAG]NESS ( H] %ATT]$ FRAME4 ,%E CAN PAY NO REGUL>ITY ( ATT5TION TO ! 9FANTS %E BR+S 9TO ! WORLD4 ,!Y >E DRAGG$ AB\T BY *ILDR5 A LITTLE OLD] ?AN !MSELVES1 OR ?RU/ 9TO SOME NEGLECT$ CORN]1 UNABLE TO CALL1 OR TO SEEK1 = ! SUPPLY ( !IR WANTS4 ,!Y >E BRUIS$1 !Y >E MAIM$1 !IR BODIES DI/ORT$ 9TO HORRIBLE DE=MITY OR !IR 9T]NAL /RUCTURE SUFF]+ SOME UNSE5 9JURY1 :I* R5D]S !M MIS]ABLE :ILE !Y LIVE1 & ORD9>ILY HURRIES !M TO AN E>LY GRAVE4 ,?IS IS UND\BT$LY A SUFFICI5T *ECK UPON 9CREAS+ POPULATION4 ,BUT !RE IS NO?+ 9 ?IS :I* ANY POLITICAL REASON] WILL RECOMM5D TO IMITATION4 ,?IS IS PROBABLY ! PR9CIPAL ( ?OSE *ECKS >IS+ FROM MIS]Y & VISE1 :I* ! WRIT] ( ! TREATISE BE=E US HAD 9 HIS CONTEMPLATION4 

           ,ANO!R *ECK UPON 9CREAS+ POPULATION :I* OP]ATES V]Y P[]FULLY & EXT5SIVELY 9 ! C\NTRY WE 9HABIT1 IS ?AT S5TIM5T1 :E!R VIRTUE1 PRUD5CE OR PRIDE1 :I* CONT9UALLY RE/RA9S ! UNIV]SALITY1 & FREQU5T REPETITION ( ! M>RIAGE CONTRACT4 ,E>LY M>RIAGES 9 ?IS C\NTRY BETWE5 A GR[N UP BOY & GIRL >E ( UNCOMMON OCCURR5CE4 ,EV]Y ONE1 POSSESS$ 9 ! MO/ ORD9>Y DEGREE ( ! GIFT ( =ESI<T1 DELIB]ATES LONG BE=E HE 5GAGES 9 SO MOM5T\S A TRANSACTION4 ,HE ASKS HIMSELF AGA9 & AGA9 H[ HE %ALL BE ABLE TO SUBSI/ ! (FSPR+ ( HIS UNION4 ,I AM P]SUAD$ IT V]Y R>ELY HAPP5S 9 ,5GL& ?AT A M>RIAGE TAKES PLACE1 )\T TUE1 PRUD5CE & HONORABLE PRIDE 9 SU* A CONDITION ( SOCIETY1 ?AN !RE IS AT PRES5T8  ,IT IS TRUE1 ! ILL CONSEQU5CES ( A NUM]\S FAMILY WILL NOT COME SO CO>SELY HOME TO EA* MAN'S 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/1 AS !Y DO AT PRES5T4 ,IT IS TRUE1 A MAN 9 SU* A /ATE ( SOCIETY MI<T SAY1 ,IF MY *ILDR5 CANNOT SUBSI/ AT MY EXP5SE1 LET !M SUBSI/ AT ! EXP5SE ( MY NEI<BOR4 ,BUT IT IS NOT 9 ! HUMAN *>ACT] TO REASON AFT] ?IS MANN] 9 SU* A SITUATION4 ,! MORE M5 >E RAIS$ ABOVE POV]TY & A LIFE ( EXP$I5TS1 ! MORE DEC5CY WILL PREVAIL 9 !IR CONDUCT1 & SOBRIETY 9 !IR S5TIM5TS4 ,:]E EV]Y ONE HAS A *>ACT]1 NO ONE WILL BE WILL+ TO DI/+UI% HIMSELF BY HEAD/RONG IMPRUD5CE4  ,:]E A MAN POSSESSES EV]Y REASONABLE MEANS ( PLEASURE & HAPP9ESS1 BE WILL NOT BE 9 A HURRY TO DE/ROY HIS [N TRANQUILITY OR ?AT ( O!RS BY ?\<TLESS EXCESS4 

           ,NOR1 9 SU* A /ATE ( SOCIETY AS ?AT :I* N[ EMPLOYS \R REASON+S1 WILL IT BE POSSIBLE = A MAN TO FALL 9TO ! ]ROR UPON :I* WE >E COMM5T+1 FROM 9ADV]T5CE4  ,! DOCTR9ES ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 IF !Y BE TRUE AS ,I HAVE NO D\BT ?AT !Y >E1 WILL BE FULLY UND]/OOD4 ,SOCIETY WILL NOT FALL 9TO CLANS AS AT PRES5T1 NOR BE PUZZL$ & MADE 9TRICATE BY ! COMPLEXITY ( ITS /RUCTURE4 ,SU* REGUL>ITY & EQUITY WILL PREVAIL1 AS TO 5ABLE EV]Y MAN TO SEE A VA/ WAY BE=E & >\ND HIM4 ,EV]Y MAN WILL UND]/& ! 9T]E/S ( ! COMMUNITY & BE MA/] ( ! \TL9E ( ITS POLITICAL MORAL EVILS1 & TO DEPRECATE EV]Y G5]\S ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE ! CONDITION ( MANK9D1 AS LEAD+1 UND] SPECI\S APPE>ANCES1 TO ! REALITY ( GREAT & 9TOL]ABLE MIS*IEF4 

           ,LET ME CONCLUDE ?IS REVIEW ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION ) A BRIEF RECOLLECTION ( ITS PR9CIPAL DOCTR9ES1 SO F> AS WE HAVE BE5 CONC]N$ ) !M4 ,! BASIS ( \R AU?OR'S WORK1 ! RATIOS1 ( POPULATION & SUBSI/5CE1 ,I REG>D AS UNASSAILABLE1 & AS CON/ITUT+ A VALUABLE ACQUISITION TO ! SCI5CE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,HIS CONCLUSIONS FROM !SE PREMISES >E1 ?AT VISE & MIS]Y >E ! ONLY SUFFICI5T *ECKS UPON 9CREAS+ POPULATION1 & ?AT !RE IS AN OB/ACLE ( SU* A NATURE 9 ! WAY TO ANY EXTRAORD9>Y IMPROVEM5T 9 SOCIETY1 AS WE CAN NEV] 5T]TA9 ! HOPE TO OV]COME4 ,I DO NOT REG>D !SE CONCLUSIONS ) ANY COMPLAC5CY4 ,IT IS NOT1 ,I HOPE1 A TA/E ABSOLUTELY S+UL> 9 ME1 ?AT ,I 5T]TA9 NO VEHEM5T P>TIALITIES = VISE & MIS]Y1 & ?AT ,I VIEW ! PROSPECT ( EXTRAORD9>Y IMPROVEM5T 9 SOCIETY1 ( SOME K9D OR O!R1 TO TAKE PLACE H]EAFT]1 ) PLEASURE & AFFECTION4 ,I DO NOT ?9K ! CONCLUSIONS ( \R AU?OR P[]FULLY CONNECT$ ) HIS PREMISES4 ,IF ,I LOOK TO ! PA/ HI/ORY ( ! WORLD1 ,I DO NOT SEE ?AT 9CREAS+ POPULATION HAS PRODUC$ SU* CONVULSIONS AS HE PR$ICTS FROM IT1 OR ?AT VISE & MIS]Y ALONE HAVE CONTROLL$ & CONF9$ IT2 &1 IF ,I LOOK TO ! FUTURE1 ,I CANNOT SO DESPAIR ( ! VIRTUES ( MAN TO SUBMIT TO ! MO/ OBVI\S RULES ( PRUD5CE1 OR ( ! FACULTIES ( MAN TO /RIKE \T REM$IES AS YET UNKN[N1 AS TO CONV9CE ME ?AT WE \<T TO SIT D[N = EV] CONT5T$ ) ALL ! OPPRESSION1 ABUSES & 9EQUALITY1 :I* WE N[ F9D FA/5$ ON ! NECKS1 & WI!R+ ! HE>TS1 ( SO GREAT A PORTION ( \R SPECIES4 ,9 !SE %EETS1 AMONG O!R TOPICS1 ,I HAVE ?\<T PROP] TO DEVELOP ! P]SONALITIES :I* HAVE BE5 DIRECT$ AGA9/ ME1 & ! TREATM5T ,I HAVE 5DUR$4 ,BUT ,I AM FULLY AW>E ?AT !RE IS NO?+ S+UL> 9 MY CASE4 ,IT IS P>T ( A GREAT PLAN4 ,IT IS ON ?IS ACC\NT ! MORE FITT+ 9 ME TO HAVE CALL$ ! PUBLIC ATT5TION TO IT4 ,! MAXIMS1 UPON ! DISCOV]Y & E/ABLI%M5T ( :I* \R FA!RS ( ! LA/ C5TURY PRID$ !MSELVES1 >E REV]S$4 ,DISCUSSION IS NO LONG] REG>D$ AS ONE ( ! GREAT S\RCES ( B5EFIT TO MAN4 ,! PR9CIPLE & PRACTICE ( TOL]ATION AMONG US HANG BY A V]Y SL5D] ?READ4 ,ALL DECLAMATION1 & ALL LIC5S$ >GUM5T1 MU/ BE ON ONE SIDE4 ,! QUE/IONS N[ PROPOS$ TO A REASON]1 >E NOT1 ,DO Y\ >GUE WELL8 ,>E ! PR9CIPLES ON :I* Y\R !ORY RE/S S\ND8 ,DO Y\R PREMISES SUFFICI5TLY SU/A9 & MAKE \T Y\R CONCLUSIONS8 ,BUT1 ,>E Y\R >GUM5TS CA/ 9 ! MOLD ( ,>I/OTLE1 ,BACON & ,HOOK]1 ( ,GROTIUS1 ,PUFF5DORFF & ,VATTEL8 

           ,?IS PROCE$+ UND\BT$LY COMES ) SUFFICI5T GRACE FROM ! ADV]S>IES ( ! PROGRESSIVE NATURE ( MAN4 ,BY PLAC+ A B>RI] AGA9/ DISCUSSION1 & BY BR&+ ) ABHORR5CE & OBLOQUY ?OSE :O HAVE NOT SWORN !MSELVES 9 AT ANY S*OOL OR UND] ANY MA/]1 !Y1 TO ! BE/ ( !IR P[]1 SUSP5D ! IMPROVEM5T ( HUMAN 9TELLECT4 ,HE CANNOT VIGOR\SLY UND]/& OR EXPLA9 ANY SY/EM1 :O HAS NOT ALL[$ HIMSELF ) AN UNBIAS$ M9D TO 9VE/IGATE ONE SY/EM & ANO!R4 ,HE CANNOT TRULY & FIRMLY BE CONV9C$ ( ! TRU? ( ANY DOCTR9E1 :O HAS NOT D>$ 9TREPIDLY TO ANALYZE ITS EVID5CE4 ,! MAN :O 5T]S ! S*OOL ( SCI5CE1 PRE- DET]M9$ & PRE-5GAG$ AS TO ! CONCLUSIONS 9 :I* HIS 9QUIRIES MU/ T]M9ATE1 MAKES A MOCK AT SCI5CE1 & TRAMPLES UPON ! DIV9ITY ( ! HUMAN M9D4 ,AS ! P>TIES N[ /& >RANG$1 ! ADVOCATES ( ! PROGRESSIVE NATURE ( MAN >E ! *AMPIONS ( REF9EM5T & CULTIVATION & POLIT5ESS1 :I* !IR ADV]S>IES W\LD )\T MITIGATION OR REMORSE EX*ANGE = ! SAVAGE /ATE4 

           ,LET IT BE GRANT$ 79 ! WAY ( >GUM5T71 ?AT ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION HAS BE5 PROLIFIC ( MIS*IEF TO MANK9D4 ,LET IT BE FUR!R GRANT$1 ?AT IT WAS 9QUIRY1 & DISCUSSION1 & ! UNDAUNT$ ASS]TION & PLEAD+ = ALL OP9IONS )\T RES]VE1 :I* AF=D$ ! OCCASION & ! MEANS TO !SE EVILS4 ,MAY IT NOT YET BE WOR? \R :ILE TO 9QUIRE1 :E!R ! DISCUSSION MI<T NOT BE P]MITT$1 & ! MIS*IEFS :I* 9 ?IS 9/ANCE HAVE BE5 GRAFT$ ON IT1 PREV5T$8 :E!R M5 MI<T NOT BE P]MITT$ TO DISPUTE 9 !IR S*OOLS1 & 9 !ORETICAL & SCI5TIFIC DISQUISITION1 )\T BE+ ALL[$ TOSALLY =? ) FIREBR&S 9 !IR H&S1 & DEVA/ATION & RU9 9 !IR 9T5TIONS8 ,IT IS A S]I\S ?+ TO SAY1 ?AT M5 MU/ NEI!R >GUE NOR WRITE1 TILL !Y HAVE FIR/ SUBDU$ ! FREE-BORN NATURE ( !IR S\LS TO ! TRAMMELS ( SOME =TUNATE & HI<LY PATRONIZ$ CRE$1 :I* IS TO BE RECEIV$ AS OR?ODOX4 ,IF ! NATURE ( MAN IS NOT  ALTOGE!R SO PROGRESSIVE1 SO FULL ( PROSPECT & PROMISE1 AS ,I1 & ?OSE :O ?9K ) ME1 HAVE IMAG9$2 IS IT QUITE C]TA9 WE CAN NEV] GET BEYOND :AT ,GROTIUS & ,PUFF5DORFF1 OR EV5 ,>I/OTLE & ,BACON HAVE DIGE/$ TO \R H&S8 ,AT PRES5T IT IS ONLY ATTEMPT$ TO DET] M5 FROM REBELLION AGA9/ !SE GREAT LIT]>Y AU?ORITIES1 BY OBLOQUY & ABUSE1 BY ! CONTEMPT ( ! AU?ORIZ$ 9/RUCTOR & HIS FOLL[]S1 & BY AN ILL-WILL & ANIMOSITY TO BE G5]AT$ & DIFFUS$ ?R\< AS WIDE A CIRCLE AS POSSIBLE4  ,I BELIEVE !RE IS SOME:AT 9 ! NATURE ( MAN1 & ( HIS ATTA9M5TS ALREADY REALIZ$1 /RONG 5\< TO BAFFLE ! PRES5T DEEP LAID PROJECT ( DESPOTISM & 9TOL]ANCE4 ,BUT IF !Y >E NOT ?US *ECK$1 ,I AM P]SUAD$ ?AT ! CONTEMPT1 ! SCURRILITIES & ! OBLOQUY :I* >E N[ CIRCULAT$1 WILL SPE$ILY BE EX*ANG$ = ?OSE MORE =MIDABLE ADV]S>IES ( DISCUSSION1 IMPRISONM5T & PILLORY1 BANI%M5T1 & :AT ITS PROMULGATORS WILL D5OM9ATE AN IGNOM9I\S DEA?4 ,NO ONE1 ACQUA9T$ ) ! NATURE ( MAN1 CAN FAIL TO P]CEIVE BY H[ EASY A GRADATION ONE ( !SE LEADS TO ! O!R1 & ?AT1 :5 Y\ HAVE SUCCESSFULLY HELD UP A P]SON  = YE>S TO G5]AL D]ISION & ABHORR5CE1 Y\ RA!R COMPLY )1 ?AN \TRUN1 ! S5TIM5TS ( MANK9D1 BY DOOM+ HIM TO DE/RUCTION4 

           ,I W\LD NOT HAVE GIV5 MYSELF ! TR\BLE ( ?R[+ TOGE!R !SE FEW OBS]VATIONS1 W]E IT NOT ! G5]AL PURPOSE ( MY ADV]S>IES TO UND]M9E A GREAT PUBLIC 9T]E/1 ?R\< ! M$IUM ( ! ]RORS & ABSURDITIES !Y HAVE SO LIB]ALLY IMPUT$ TO ME4 ,9 ! COMM5CEM5T ( !SE PAGES1 ,I HAVE ALL[$ MYSELF TO SPEAK A LITTLE P]SONALLY ( MY [N SITUATION1 & ! 9JU/ICE ,I HAVE EXP]I5C$2 &1 AFT] ! IMM5SE VOLUME ( ABUSE1 LUDICR\S & GRAVE1 :I* = YE>S HAS BE5 P\R$ \T AGA9/ ME1 ?IS DEP>TURE FROM ! GREAT QUE/ION WE >E EXAM9+ 7IF IT BE 9DE$ A DEP>TURE7 WILL BE =GIV5 TO ME BY ! GOOD-NATUR$ READ]4 ,BUT ,I AM NO?+1 9 COMP>ISON ( ! IMPORTANT CAUSE ! ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE WAS 9T5D$ TO PLEAD4 ,A QUE/ION 9DE$ ( HI<] MAGNITUDE WAS NEV] BR\<T BE=E ! TRIBUNAL ( ! PUBLIC4 ,9 ?IS VIEW1 & CONSID]+ ! SOLEMNITY ( ! TASK ,I HAD UND]TAK51 ,I AM WILL+1 IF ,DR4 ,P>R PLEASES1 TO BE ! VICTIM ( 0CONTRITION10 & TO TAKE %AME TO MYSELF = ALL ! OV]SI<TS COMMITT$ BY ME 9 ?AT BOOK1 & :I* HAVE BE5 SO EAG]LY SEIZ$1 & SO EMUL\SLY TAK5 ADVANTAGE (1 BY MY OPPON5TS4 ,! QUE/ION AT ISSUE IS :E!R 0ANY EXTRAORD9>Y IMPROVEM5T CAN EV] BE EXPECT$ TO TAKE PLACE 9 SOCIETY40 ,! HUMAN IMAG9ATION IS CAPABLE ( REPRES5T+ TO ITSELF A VIRTU\S COMMUNITY1 A LITTLE HEAV5 ON E>?4 ,! HUMAN UND]/&+ IS CAPABLE ( DEVELOP+ ! BRI<T IDEA1 & CON/RUCT+ A MODEL ( IT1 :]E 0EV]Y ?+ %ALL BE CONSI/5T2 :]E1 GRANT+ ITS FIR/ POSITION1 A POSITION :I* HAS EV]Y PREPOSSESSION 9 ITS FAVOR1 ALL ! 9F]5CES %ALL FOLL[ SO CLE>LY1 ?AT IT SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE TO ELUDE !IR =CE40 ,%ALL ?IS IDEA EV] BE REALIZ$2 OR1 DO WE 0WALK 9 A VA9 %[1 & DISQUIET \RSELVES 9 VA980 ,>E VISE & MIS]Y1 AS MY ANTAGONI/S SO E>NE/LY MA9TA91 9 ALL !IR EXT5T1 & ) ALL !IR DISGU/FUL CIRCUM/ANCES AS !Y N[ EXI/ 9 ! WORLD1 5TAIL$ ON US = EV]2 OR MAY WE HOPE ULTIMATELY TO ?R[ (F1 OR GREATLY DIM9I%1 ! BURD58 ,9 O!R CASES ( AN EM95T NATURE :AT ! HE>T ( MAN IS ABLE TO CONCEIVE1 ! H& ( MAN IS /RONG 5\< TO P]=M4 ,!RE IS NO BEAUTY ( LIT]>Y & POETICAL COMPOSITION :I* WE CAN SO MU* AS GUESS AT1 ?AT EXCELS :AT WE F9D EXECUT$ 9 ! DIV9E/ PASSAGES ( ,MILTON OR ,%AKESPE>E4 ,!RE IS NO VIRTU\S ACTION :I* WE CAN FIGURE TO \RSELVES1 ?AT SURPASSES ?AT VIRTUE & ELEVATION ( M9D :I* WE F9D OV] & OV] AGA9 RECORD$ 9 ! FAI?FUL PAGE ( HI/ORY4  ,FICTION H]E LABORS 9 VA92 IT NEV] EQUALS :AT M5 HAVE ACT$ & FELT1 9 ! GREAT VISION & AWE- CREAT+ PRES5CE ( REALITY4 ,IMAG9ATION ONLY TREADS ! R\ND ( MAN2 &1 :ATEV] MY/]I\S BE+ WE MAY REV]5CE )\T COMPREH5D+ HIM1 EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL IMAGE ( EXCELL5CE :I* WE >E CAPABLE ( VIVIDLY & IMPRESSIVELY REPRES5T+ TO \RSELVES1 WE MAY SAFELY CLAIM AS ! LAWFUL 5D[M5T & BIR?RI<T ( \R NATURE4 ,LET US !N LE>N TO RESPECT MAN1 & TO BE PR\D ( \RSELVES ?AT WE BELONG TO A SPECIES CAPABLE ( SO HI< A*IEVEM5TS4 ,LET US NOT1 FROM ! VA9 FA/IDI\SNESS ( MISAN?ROPY1 BE L$ TO BLASPHEME AGA9/ ! CAUSE ( VIRTUE4 ,= MYSELF ,I FIRMLY BELIEVE ?AT DAYS ( GREAT] VIRTUE & MORE AMPLE JU/ICE WILL DESC5D UPON ! E>?2 & 9 ! MEAN TIME1 ,I WILL NOT HOLD IT = MY CONSOLATION & LUXURY1 FONDLY TO IMAG9E ?AT ! ?RONE ( IGNORANCE & VISE IS PLAC$ ON SO FIRM A BASIS ?AT IT CAN NEV] BE REMOV$4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a ,I KNEW NOT BE=E ! EXT5T ( ! *ANGE 9 ,MR4 ,MACK9TO%'S SY/EM ( POLITICS4 

#b ,( ?IS WRIT]1 ,DR4 ,P>R /ATES IT AS ONE PROM95T *>ACT]I/IC1 TO 0REFUTE )\T ACRIMONY1 P4 #a#a#d40 ,:E!R HE REFUTES OR NOT1 = OBVI\S REASONS ,I DO NOT TAKE UPON ME TO DET]M9E2 BUT ?AT HE IS ACRIMONI\S1 NO ONE READ]1 ,I BELIEVE1 ( !SE PAGES1 NOT EXCEPT+ ,MR4 ,MACK9TO% HIMSELF1 WILL PRET5D TO D5Y4 

#c,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE ,BOOK ,IF4 ,*AP4 #a#a4 P4 #a#c#e1 ?IRD $ITION4 

#d,S]MON1 P4 #eb 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #a#e1 #ah 3 ,?\<TS OCCASION$ BY ! P]USAL ( ,DR4 ,P>R'S ,SPITAL ,S]MON -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,?\<TS OCCASION$ BY ! P]USAL ( ,DR4 ,P>R'S ,SPITAL ,S]MON -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,?\<TS OCCASION$ BY ! P]USAL ( ,DR4 ,P>R'S ,SPITAL ,S]MON -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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