,*APT] #ag 
,( ,BALLOT 

#ahcaahca 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,E,S,S,A,Y ,X,V,I,I 

,( ,B,A,L,L,O,T 

,! SUBJECT ( ! PREC$+ ,ESSAY LEADS BY AN OBVI\S TRANSITION TO ! EXAM9ATION ( A TOPIC1 :I* AT PRES5T OCCUPIES TO A CONSID]ABLE EXT5T ! ATT5TION ( ?OSE :O >E ANXI\S = ! PROGRESS ( PUBLIC IMPROVEM5T1 & ! PLAC+ ! LIB]TIES ( MANK9D ON ! SECURE/ BASIS3 ,I MEAN1 ! TOPIC ( ! VOTE BY BALLOT4 

,IT IS ADMITT$ ?AT ! MO/ B5EFICIAL S*EME = ! GOV]NM5T ( NATIONS1 IS A GOV]NM5T BY REPRES5TATION3 ?AT IS1 ?AT !RE %ALL BE 9 EV]Y NATION1 OR L>GE COLLECTION ( M51 A P>AM\NT LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY1 COMPOS$ ( DEPUTIES *OS5 BY ! PEOPLE 9 !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTIES1 CITIES1 T[NS1 OR DEP>TM5TS4 ,9 :AT MANN] !N %ALL !SE DEPUTIES BE ELECT$8 

,! >GUM5T 9 FAVOR ( ! ELECTION BY BALLOT IS OBVI\S4 

,9 NE>LY ALL CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES !RE EXI/S MORE OR LESS AN 9EQUALITY ( RANK & PROP]TY3 WE WILL CONF9E \R ATT5TION PR9CIPALLY TO ! LATT]4 

,PROP]TY NECESS>ILY 9VOLVES 9FLU5CE4 ,MANK9D >E BUT TOO PRONE TO PAY A SUP]IOR DEF]5CE TO ?OSE :O WE> BETT] CLO!S1 LIVE 9 L>G] H\SES1 & COMM& SUP]IOR ACCOMMODATIONS TO ?OSE :I* FALL TO ! LOT ( ! MAJORITY4 

,ONE ( ! MA9 S\RCES ( WEAL? 9 CIVILIZ$ NATIONS IS ! POSSESSION ( L&4 ,?OSE :O HAVE A CONSID]ABLE ALLOTM5T ( L& 9 PROP]TY1 = ! MO/ P>T LET IT \T 9 F>MS ON LEASE OR O!RWISE TO P]SONS ( AN 9F]IOR RANK1 BY :OM IT IS CULTIVAT$4 ,9 ?IS CASE A RECIPROCAL RELATION IS CREAT$ BETWE5 ! L&LORD & ! T5ANT3 &1 IF ! L&LORD CONDUCTS HIMSELF T[>DS HIS T5ANT AGREEABLY TO ! PR9CIPLES ( HONOR & LIB]ALITY1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ! T5ANT %\LD NOT FEEL DISPOS$ TO GRATIFY HIS L&LORD1 SO F> AS %ALL BE COMPATIBLE ) HIS [N NOTIONS ( MORAL RECTITUDE1 OR ! P>AM\NT 9T]E/S ( ! SOCIETY ( :I* HE IS A MEMB]4 

,IF ! PROPRIETOR ( ANY EXT5SIVE ALLOTM5T ( L& DOES NOT LET IT \T 9 F>MS1 BUT RETA9S IT UND] HIS [N DIRECTION1 HE MU/ EMPLOY A GREAT NUMB] ( HUSB&M5 & LABOR]S2 & OV] !M HE MU/ BE EXPECT$ TO EX]CISE ! SAME SORT ( 9FLU5CE1 AS UND] ! =M] /ATEM5T WE SUPPOS$ HIM TO EX]CISE OV] HIS T5ANTS4 

,! SAME PR9CIPLE WILL /ILL OP]ATE :]EV] ANY ONE MAN 9 SOCIETY IS 5GAG$ 9 ! EXP5DITURE ( A CONSID]ABLE CAPITAL4 ,! MANUFACTUR] WILL POSSESS ! SAME 9FLU5CE OV] HIS WORKM51 AS ! L&$ PROPRIETOR OV] HIS T5ANTS OR LABOR]S4 ,EV5 ! P]SON :O POSSESSES CONSID]ABLE OPUL5CE1 & HAS NO 9T5TION TO 5GAGE 9 ! PURSUITS ( PR(IT OR ACCUMULATION1 WILL HAVE AN AMPLE RET9UE1 & WILL BE 5ABL$ TO USE ! SAME SPECIES ( 9FLU5CE OV] HIS RETA9]S & TRADES-PEOPLE1 AS ! L&LORD EX]CISES OV] HIS T5ANTS & LABOR]S1 & ! MANUFACTUR] OV] HIS WORKM54 

,A C]TA9 DEGREE ( ?IS SPECIES ( 9FLU5CE 9 SOCIETY1 IS P]HAPS NOT TO BE EXCEPT$ AGA9/4 ,! POSSESSOR ( OPUL5CE 9 :ATEV] =M1 MAY BE EXPECT$ TO HAVE RECEIV$ A SUP]IOR $UCATION1 &1 BE+ PLAC$ AT A C]TA9 DI/ANCE FROM ! M9UT] DETAILS & ! LESS] :EELS 9 ! MA*9E ( SOCIETY1 TO HAVE L>G] & MORE EXPANSIVE VIEWS AS TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! :OLE4 ,IT IS GOOD ?AT M5 9 DIFF]5T RANKS ( SOCIETY %\LD BE BR\<T 9TO 9T]C\RSE ) EA* O!R2 IT WILL SUBTRACT SOME?+ FROM ! PREJUDICES ( BO?1 & 5ABLE EA* TO OBTA9 SOME ( ! ADVANTAGES ( ! O!R4 ,! DIVISION ( RANK IS TOO MU* CALCULAT$ TO SPLIT SOCIETY 9TO P>TIES HAV+ A C]TA9 HO/ILITY TO EA* O!R4 ,9 A FREE /ATE WE >E ALL CITIZ5S3 IT IS DESIRABLE ?AT WE %\LD ALL BE FRI5DS4 

,BUT ?IS SPECIES ( 9FLU5CE MAY BE C>RI$ TOO F>4 ,TO A C]TA9 EXT5T IT IS GOOD4 ,9ASMU* AS IT IMPLIES ! 5LI<T5+ ONE HUMAN UND]/&+ BY ! SP>KS /RUCK \T FROM ANO!R1 OR EV5 ! COMMUNICATION ( FEEL+S BETWE5 MAN & MAN1 ?IS IS NOT TO BE DEPRECAT$4 ,SOME DEGREE ( C\RTE\S COMPLIANCE & DEF]5CE ( ! IGNORANT TO ! BETT] 9=M$1 IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! EXI/5CE ( POLITICAL SOCIETY AS WE BEHOLD IT2 SU* A DEF]5CE AS WE MAY CONCEIVE ! C&ID & CONSCI5TI\S LAYMAN TO PAY TO ! SUGGE/IONS ( HIS HONE/ & DIS9T]E/$ PA/OR4 

,EV]Y ?+ H[EV] ?AT IS MORE ?AN ?IS1 IS EVIL4 ,!RE %\LD BE NO P]EMPTORY M&ATES1 & NO ?REAT OR APPREH5SION ( RETALIATION & MIS*IEF TO FOLL[1 IF ! MAN ( 9F]IOR /ATION OR OPUL5CE %\LD F9ALLY DIFF] 9 OP9ION FROM HIS WEAL?I] NEI<BOR4 ,WE MAY ADMIT ( A MORAL 9FLU5CE2 BUT !RE MU/ BE NO?+1 ?AT %\LD 9 ! SMALLE/ DEGREE BORD] ON COMPULSION4 

,BUT IT IS UN=TUNATELY 9 ! V]Y NATURE ( WEAK1 ]R+ & FALLIBLE MORTALS1 TO MAKE AN ILL USE ( ! P[]S ?AT >E CONFID$ TO !IR DISCRETION4 ,! RI* MAN 9 ! WANTONNESS ( HIS AU?ORITY WILL NOT /OP AT MORAL 9FLU5CE1 BUT1 IF HE IS DISAPPO9T$ ( HIS EXPECTATION BY :AT HE WILL CALL MY WILLFULNESS & OB/9ACY1 WILL SPE$ILY F9D HIMSELF IMPELL$ TO V9DICATE HIS PR]OGATIVE1 & TO PUNI% MY RESI/ANCE4 ,9 EV]Y SU* DISAPPO9TM5T HE WILL DISC]N A DANG]\S PREC$5T1 & WILL APPREH5D ?AT1 IF ,I ESCAPE ) IMPUNITY1 ! :OLE ( ?AT ASC5DANCY1 :I* HE HAS REG>D$ AS ONE ( ! VALUABLE PRIVILEGES CONT+5T TO HIS /ATION1 WILL BE UND]M9$4 

,OPUL5CE HAS TWO WAYS ( ?IS GROSS] SORT1 BY :I* IT MAY 5ABLE ITS POSSESSOR TO COMM& ! MAN BEL[ HIM1--PUNI%M5T & REW>D4 ,AS ! HOLD]1 = EXAMPLE1 ( A L>GE L&$ E/ATE1 OR ! ADM9I/RATOR ( AN AMPLE 9COME1 MAY PUNI% ! MAN :O %EWS HIMSELF REFRACTORY TO HIS WILL1 SO HE MAY ALSO REW>D ! 9DIVIDUAL :O YIELDS TO HIS SUGGE/IONS4 ,?IS1 9 :ATEV] =M IT PRES5TS ITSELF1 MAY BE CLASS$ UND] ! G5]AL HEAD ( BRIB]Y4 

,! REM$Y = ALL ?IS !RE=E1 REAL OR POT5TIAL1 MIS*IEF1 IS SAID TO LIE 9 ! VOTE BY BALLOT1 A CONTRIVANCE1 BY MEANS ( :I* EV]Y MAN %ALL BE 5ABL$ TO GIVE HIS VOTE 9 FAVOR ( OR AGA9/ ANY C&IDATE ?AT %ALL BE NOM9AT$1 9 ABSOLUTE SECRECY1 )\T IT BE+ POSSIBLE = ANY ONE TO DISCOV] ON :I* SIDE ! ELECTOR DECID$1--NAY1 A CONTRIVANCE1 BY :I* ! ELECTOR IS 9VIT$ TO PRACTICE MY/]Y & CONCEALM5T1 9ASMU* AS IT W\LD SEEM AN IMP]T95CE 9 HIM TO SPEAK \T1 :5 ! LAW IS EXPRESSLY CON/RUCT$ TO BID HIM ACT & BE SIL5T4 ,IF HE SPEAKS1 HE IS GUILTY ( A SORT ( LIBEL ON HIS BRO!R-ELECTORS1 :O >E H]EBY IMPLICITLY REPROA*$ BY HIM = !IR IMP5ETRABL5ESS & C[>DICE4 

,WE >E TOLD ?AT ! 9/ITUTION ( ! BALLOT IS 9DISP5SABLE TO ! EXI/5CE ( A FREE /ATE1 9 A C\NTRY :]E ! GOODS ( =TUNE >E UNEQUALLY DI/RIBUT$4 ,9 ,5GL&1 AS ! RI<T ( S5D+ MEMB]S TO P>LIAM5T IS APPORTION$ AT ! TIME ,I AM WRIT+1 ! P[] ( ELECT+ IS BE/[$ ) SU* GL>+ 9EQUALITY1 & ! NUMB] ( ELECTORS 9 MANY CASES IS SO 9SIGNIFICANT1 AS 9EVITABLY TO GIVE TO ! NOBLE & ! RI* ! MEANS ( APPO9T+ ALMO/ ANY REPRES5TATIVES !Y ?9K FIT1 SO ?AT ! H\SE ( COMMONS MAY MORE JU/LY BE /YL$ ! NOM9EES ( ! UPP] H\SE1 ?AN ! DEPUTIES ( ! NATION4 ,& IT IS FUR!R SAID1 ,REM$Y ?IS 9EQUALITY AS MU* AS Y\ PLEASE1 & RE=M ! /ATE ( ! REPRES5TATION TO :ATEV] DEGREE1 /ILL1 SO LONG AS ! VOTES AT ELECTIONS >E REQUIR$ TO BE GIV5 OP5LY1 ! RE=M WILL BE UNAVAIL+1 & ! ESS5TIAL P>T ( ! MIS*IEF WILL REMA94 ,! RI<T ( GIV+ \R VOTES 9 SECRECY1 IS ! ONLY REM$Y ?AT CAN CUT (F ! ASC5DANCY ( ! MORE OPUL5T MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY OV] ! RE/1 & GIVE US ! SUB/ANCE ( LIB]TY1 9/EAD ( *EAT+ US ) ! %AD[4 

,ON ! O!R SIDE ,I W\LD BEG ! READ] TO CONSID]1 ?AT ! VOTE BY BALLOT1 9 ITS OBVI\S CON/RUCTION1 IS NOT ! SYMBOL ( LIB]TY1 BUT ( SLAV]Y4 ,:AT IS IT1 ?AT PRES5TS TO EV]Y EYE ! IMAGE ( LIB]TY1 & COMPELS EV]Y HE>T TO CONFESS1 ,?IS IS ! TEMPLE :]E %E RESIDES8 ,AN OP5 FRONT1 A /EADY & ASSUR$ LOOK1 AN HABITUAL & UN9T]RUPT$ COMM]CE BETWE5 ! HE>T & ! TONGUE4 ,! FREE MAN COMMUNICATES ) HIS NEI<BOR1 NOT 9 CORN]S & CONCEAL$ PLACES1 BUT 9 M>KET-PLACES & SC5ES ( PUBLIC RESORT2 & IT IS ?US ?AT ! SACR$ SP>K IS CAU<T FROM MAN TO MAN1 TILL ALL >E 9SPIR$ ) A COMMON FLAME4 ,COMMUNICATION & PUBLICITY >E ( ! ESS5CE ( LIB]TY2 IT IS ! AIR !Y BREA!2 & )\T IT !Y DIE4 

,IF ON ! CONTR>Y ,I W\LD *>ACT]IZE A DESPOTISM1 ,I %\LD SAY1 ,IT IMPLI$ A C]TA9 CIRCUMF]5CE ( SOIL1 ?R\< :OSE DIVISIONS & DI/RICTS EV]Y MAN SUSPECT$ HIS NEI<BOR1 :]E EV]Y MAN WAS HAUNT$ ) ! T]ROR ?AT 0WALLS HAVE E>S10 & ONLY :ISP]$ HIS DISCONT5T1 HIS HOPES & HIS FE>S1 TO ! TREES ( ! =E/ & ! SIL5T /REAMS4 ,IF ! DWELL]S ON ?IS SOIL CONSULT$ TOGE!R1 IT W\LD BE 9 SECRET CABALS & ) CLOS$ DOORS2 5GAG+ 9 ! SACR$ CAUSE ( PUBLIC WELF>E & HAPP9ESS1 AS IF IT W]E A ?+ ( GUILT1 :I* ! CONSPIRATOR SC>CELY V5TUR$ TO CONFESS TO HIS [N HE>T4 

,A %REWD P]SON ( MY ACQUA9TANCE ! O!R DAY1 TO :OM ,I UNADVIS$LY PROPOS$ A QUE/ION AS TO :AT HE ?\<T ( SOME PUBLIC TRANSACTION1 9/ANTLY REPLI$ ) SYMPTOMS ( AL>M1 0,I BEG TO SAY ?AT ,I NEV] DISCLOSE MY OP9IONS UPON MATT]S EI!R ( RELIGION OR POLITICS TO ANY ONE40 ,:AT DID ?IS ANSW] IMPLY AS TO ! POLITICAL GOV]NM5T ( ! C\NTRY :]E IT WAS GIV58 

,IS IT *>ACT]I/IC ( A FREE /ATE OR A TYRANNY8 

,ONE ( ! FIR/ & HI<E/ DUTIES ?AT FALLS TO ! LOT ( A HUMAN CREATURE1 IS ?AT :I* HE [ES TO ! AGGREGATE ( REASONABLE BE+S 9HABIT+ :AT HE CALLS HIS C\NTRY4 ,\R DUTIES >E !N MO/ SOLEMN & ELEVAT+1 :5 !Y >E CALCULAT$ TO AFFECT ! WELL BE+ ( ! GREATE/ NUMB] ( M52 & ( CONSEQU5CE :AT A PATRIOT [ES TO HIS NATIVE SOIL IS ! NOBLE/ !AT] = HIS MORAL FACULTIES4 ,& %ALL WE TEA* M5 TO DIS*>GE ?IS DEBT 9 ! D>K8 ,SURELY EV]Y MAN \<T TO BE ABLE TO 0R5D] A REASON ( ! HOPE ?AT IS 9 HIM10 & GIVE A MODE/1 BUT AN ASSUR$1 ACC\NT ( HIS POLITICAL CONDUCT4 ,:5 HE APPROA*ES ! HU/+S AT ! P]IOD ( A PUBLIC ELECTION1 ?IS IS HIS ALT>1 :]E HE SACRIFICES 9 ! FACE ( M5 TO ?AT DEITY1 :I* IS MO/ WOR? HIS ADORATION ( ALL ! P[]S :OSE S+LE PROV9CE IS \R SUBLUN>Y /ATE4 

,BUT ! PR9CIPLE ( ! 9/ITUTION ( BALLOT IS TO TEA* M5 TO P]=M !IR BE/ ACTIONS UND] ! CLOKE ( CONCEALM5T4 ,:5 ,I RETURN FROM GIV+ MY VOTE 9 ! *OICE ( A LEGISLATIVE REPRES5TATIVE1 ,I \<T1 IF MY MODE ( PROCE$+ W]E REGULAT$ BY ! UNDEBAU*$ FEEL+S ( \R NATURE1 TO FEEL SOME:AT PR\D ?AT ,I HAD DIS*>G$ ?IS DUTY1 UN9FLU5C$1 UNCORRUPT$1 9 ! S9C]E FRAME ( A CONSCI5TI\S SPIRIT4 ,BUT ! 9/ITUTION ( BALLOT 9/IGATES ME C>EFULLY TO CONCEAL :AT ,I HAVE DONE4 ,IF ,I AM QUE/ION$ RESPECT+ IT1 ! PROP] REPLY :I* IS AS IT W]E PUT 9TO MY M\? IS1 0,Y\ HAVE NO RI<T TO ASK ME2 & ,I %ALL NOT TELL40 ,BUT1 AS EV]Y MAN DOES NOT RECOLLECT ! PROP] REPLY AT ! MOM5T IT IS WANT$1 & MO/ M5 FEEL ABA%$1 :5 A DIRECT QUE/ION IS PUT TO !M TO :I* !Y KN[ !Y >E NOT TO RETURN A DIRECT ANSW]1 MANY WILL /AMM] & FEEL CONFUS$1 WILL P]HAPS 9S9UATE A FALSEHOOD1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME !IR MANN] TO A DISC]N+ EYE WILL1 9 SPITE ( ALL !IR PRECAUTIONS1 DISCLOSE ! V]Y TRU?4 

,! 9/ITUTION ( BALLOT NOT ONLY TEA*ES US ?AT \R BE/ ACTIONS >E ?OSE :I* WE \<T MO/ /EADILY TO DISAV[1 BUT C>RIES DI/RU/ & SUSPICION 9TO ALL \R MO/ FAMILI> RELATIONS4 ,! MAN ,I WANT TO DECEIVE1 & ?R[ \T 9 ! KE5NESS ( HIS HUNT+1 IS MY L&LORD4 ,BUT H[ %ALL ,I MO/ EFFECTUALLY CONCEAL ! TRU? FROM HIM8 ,MAY ,I BE ALL[$ TO TELL IT TO MY WIFE OR MY *ILD8 ,I HAD BETT] NOT4 ,IT IS A KN[N MAXIM ( WORLDLY PRUD5CE1 ?AT ! TRU? :I* MAY BE A S\RCE ( S]I\S 9JURY TO ME1 IS SAFE/1 :5 IT IS %UT UP 9 MY [N BOSOM4 ,IF ,I ONCE LET IT \T1 !RE IS NO SAY+ :]E ! COMMUNICATION MAY /OP4 0,DAY UNTO DAY UTT]E? SPEE*2 & NI<T UNTO NI<T %EWE? =? KN[L$GE40 

,& IS ?IS ! PR\D ATTITUDE ( LIB]TY1 TO :I* WE >E SO EAG] TO ASPIRE8 ,AFT] ALL1 !RE WILL BE SOME +5U\S M5 9 ! COMMUNITY1 :O WILL NOT KN[ H[ = EV] TO SUPPRESS :AT IS DE>E/ TO !IR HE>TS4 ,BUT AT ANY RATE ?IS 9/ITUTION HOLDS \T A PRIZE TO HIM ?AT %ALL BE MO/ SECRET & UNTRACEABLE 9 HIS PROCE$+S1 ?AT %ALL 0%OE HIS HORSES ) FELT10 & PROCE$ 9 ALL HIS C\RSES ) SIL5CE & SUSPICION4 

,! FIR/ PR9CIPLE ( MORALITY TO SOCIAL MAN IS1 ?AT WE ACT UND] ! EYE ( \R FELL[S4 ,! TRULY VIRTU\S MAN W\LD DO AS HE \<T1 ?\< NO EYE OBS]V$ HIM4 ,P]SONS1 IT IS TRUE1 :O DEPORT !MSELVES M]ELY AS 0M5-PLEAS]S10 = EV] CONSID]+ H[ ! BY-/&]S WILL PRON\NCE ( !IR CONDUCT1 >E 5TITL$ TO SMALL COMM5DATION4 ,! GOOD MAN1 IT IS C]TA91 WILL SEE 

,TO DO :AT VIRTUE W\LD1 ?\< SUN & MOON 

,W]E 9 ! FLAT SEA SUNK4 

,BUT1 IMP]FECT CREATURES AS WE MORTALS USUALLY >E1 !SE ?+S ACT & REACT UPON EA* O!R4 ,A MAN ( HONORABLE 9T5TIONS WILL DEMEAN HIMSELF JU/LY1 FROM ! LOVE ( RI<T4 ,BUT HE IS CONFIRM$ 9 HIS JU/ DEAL+ BY ! APPROBATION ( HIS FELL[S2 &1 IF HE W]E TEMPT$ TO /EP AWRY1 HE W\LD BE *ECK$ BY ! ANTICIPATION ( !IR C5SURE4 ,SU* IS ! NATURE ( \R MORAL $UCATION4 ,IT IS ) VIRTUE1 AS IT IS ) LIT]>Y FAME4 ,IF ,I WRITE WELL1 ,I CAN SC>CELY FEEL SECURE ?AT ,I DO SO1 TILL ,I OBTA9 ! SUFFRAGE ( SOME COMPET5T JUDGES1 CONFIRM+ ! V]DICT :I* ,I WAS BE=E TEMPT$ TO PRON\NCE 9 MY [N FAVOR4 

,?IS ACT+ AS 9 A !AT]1 :]E M5 & ,GODS >E JUDGES ( MY CONDUCT1 IS ! TRUE DE/9ATION ( MAN2 & WE CANNOT VIOLATE ! UNIV]SAL LAW UND] :I* WE W]E BORN1 )\T HAV+ REASON TO FE> ! MO/ 9JURI\S EFFECTS4 

,& IS ?IS MY/]I\S & CONCEAL$ WAY ( PROCE$+ ONE ( ! =MS ?R\< :I* WE >E TO PASS 9 ! S*OOL ( LIB]TY8 ,! GREAT 5D ( ALL LIB]AL 9/ITUTIONS IS1 TO MAKE A MAN FE>LESS1 FRANK AS ! DAY1 ACT+ FROM A LIVELY & E>NE/ IMPULSE1 :I* WILL NOT BE RE/RA9$1 DISDA9S ALL HALF-MEASURES1 & PROMPTS US1 AS IT W]E1 TO C>RY \R HE>TS 9 \R H&S1 = ALL M5 TO *ALL5GE1 & ALL M5 TO COMM5T ON4 ,IT IS TRUE1 ?AT ! DEVIS]S ( LIB]AL 9/ITUTIONS WILL HAVE =EMO/ 9 !IR ?\<TS1 H[ M5 %ALL BE SECURE 9 !IR P]SONAL LIB]TY1 UNRE/RA9$ 9 ! EXECUTION ( :AT !IR ?\<TS PROMPT !M TO DO1 & UNCONTROLL$ 9 ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! FRUITS ( !IR 9DU/RY4 ,BUT ! MORAL 5D ( ALL IS1 ?AT A MAN %ALL BE WOR?Y ( ! NAME1 ]ECT1 9DEP5D5T ( M9D1 SPONTANE\S ( DECISION1 9TREPID1 OV]FL[+ ) ALL GOOD FEEL+S1 & OP5 9 ! EXPRESSION ( ! S5TIM5TS !Y 9SPIRE4 ,IF MAN IS D\BLE 9 HIS WEI<TIE/ PURPOSES1 FULL ( AMBIGUITY & CONCEALM5T1 & NOT D>+ TO GIVE WORDS TO ! IMPULSES ( HIS S\L1 :AT MATT]S IT ?AT HE IS FREE8 ,WE MAY PRON\NCE ( ?IS MAN1 ?AT HE IS UNWOR?Y ( ! BLESS+ ?AT HAS FALL5 TO HIS LOT1 & WILL NEV] PRODUCE ! FRUITS ?AT %\LD BE 5G5D]$ 9 ! LAP ( LIB]TY4 

,!RE IS H[EV]1 IT %\LD SEEM1 A %ORT ANSW] TO ALL ?IS4 ,IT IS 9 VA9 TO EXPATIATE TO US UPON ! MIS*IEFS ( LY+1 HYPOCRISY & CONCEALM5T1 S9CE IT IS ONLY ?R\< !M1 AS ! WAY BY :I* WE >E TO M>*1 ?AT NATIONS CAN BE MADE FREE4 

,?IS C]TA9LY IS A FE>FUL JUDGM5T AW>D$ UPON \R SPECIES3 BUT IS IT TRUE8 

,WE >E TO BEG91 IT SEEMS1 ) CONCEAL+ FROM \R L&LORD1 OR \R OPUL5T NEI<BOR1 \R POLITICAL DET]M9ATIONS2 & SO HIS CORRUPT 9FLU5CE WILL BE BROK51 & ! HUMBLE/ 9DIVIDUAL WILL BE SAFE 9 DO+ ?AT :I* HIS HONE/ & UNBIAS$ FEEL+S MAY PROMPT HIM TO DO4 

,NO3 ?IS IS NOT ! WAY 9 :I* ! 5EMY ( ! S\LS ( M5 IS TO BE DEFEAT$4 ,WE MU/ NOT BEG9 ) ! CONFESSION ( \R FA9!>T$NESS & \R C[>DICE4 ,A QUIET1 SOB]1 UNALT]$ FRAME ( JUDGM5T1 ?AT 9SULTS NO ONE1 ?AT HAS 9 IT NO?+ VIOL5T1 BRUTAL & DEFY+1 IS ! FRAME ?AT BECOMES US4 ,IF ,I W\LD TEA* ANO!R MAN1 MY SUP]IOR 9 RANK1 H[ HE \<T TO CON/RUE & DECIDE UPON ! CONDUCT ,I HOLD1 ,I MU/ BEG9 BY MAK+ ?AT CONDUCT EXPLICIT4 

,IT IS NOT 9 MORALS1 AS IT IS 9 W>4 ,!RE /RATAGEM IS ALL[ABLE1 & TO TAKE ! 5EMY BY SURPRISE4 0,:O 9QUIRES ( AN 5EMY1 :E!R IT IS BY FRAUD OR H]OIC 5T]PRISE ?AT HE HAS GA9$ ! DAY80 ,BUT IT IS NOT SO ?AT ! CAUSE ( LIB]TY IS TO BE V9DICAT$ 9 ! CIVIL C>E] ( LIFE4 

,! QUE/ION IS ( R$UC+ ! HI<] RANKS ( SOCIETY TO ADMIT ! JU/ IMMUNITIES ( !IR 9F]IORS4 ,I WILL NOT ALL[ ?AT !Y %ALL BE *EAT$ 9TO IT4 ,NO3 NO MAN WAS EV] YET RECOV]$ TO HIS S5SES 9 A QUE/ION ( MORALS1 BUT BY PLA91 HONE/1 S\L-COMM&+ SPEE*4 ,TRU? IS OMNIPOT5T1 IF WE DO NOT VIOLATE ITS MAJE/Y BY SURR5D]+ ITS \TWORKS1 & GIV+ UP ?AT VANTAGE-GR\ND1 ( :I* IF WE DEPRIVE IT1 IT CEASES TO BE TRU?4 ,IT F9DS A RESPONSIVE *ORD 9 EV]Y HUMAN BOSOM4 ,:OEV] HE>S ITS VOICE1 AT ! SAME TIME RECOGNIZES ITS P[]4 ,H[EV] CORRUPT HE MAY BE1 H[EV] /EEP$ 9 ! HABITS ( VISE1 & H>D5$ 9 ! PRACTICES ( TYRANNY1 IF IT BE MILDLY1 DI/9CTLY1 EMPHATICALLY 5UNCIAT$1 ! COLOR WILL =SAKE HIS *EEK1 HIS SPEE* WILL ALT] & BE BROK51 & HE WILL FEEL HIMSELF UNABLE TO TURN IT (F LI<TLY1 AS A ?+ ( NO IMPRESSION & VALIDITY4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! ]RONE\S MAN1 ! MAN NURS$ 9 ! H\SE ( LUXURY1 A /RANG] TO ! G5U9E1 UNV>NI%$ /ATE ( ?+S1 /&S A FAIR *ANCE ( BE+ CORRECT$4 

,BUT1 IF AN OPPOSITE1 & A TRU] WAY ( ?9K+ ?AN ?AT TO :I* HE IS ACCU/OM$1 IS ONLY BR\<T TO HIS OBS]VATION BY ! RES]VE ( HIM :O 5T]TA9S IT1 & :O1 :ILE HE 5T]TA9S IT1 IS RELUCTANT TO HOLD COMMUNION ) HIS WEAL?I] NEI<BOR1 :O REG>DS HIM AS HIS ADV]S>Y1 & H>DLY ADMITS HIM TO BE ( ! SAME COMMON NATURE1 !RE WILL BE NO G5]AL IMPROVEM5T4 ,UND] ?IS DISCIPL9E ! TWO RANKS ( SOCIETY WILL BE P]PETUALLY MORE E/RANG$1 VIEW EA* O!R ) EYE ASKANCE1 & WILL BE AS TWO SEP>ATE & HO/ILE /ATES1 ?\< 9HABIT+ ! SAME T]RITORY4 ,IS ?IS ! PICTURE WE DESIRE TO SEE ( G5U9E LIB]TY1 PHILAN?ROPIC1 DESIR\S ( GOOD TO ALL1 & OV]FL[+ ) ALL G5]\S EMOTIONS8 

,I HATE :]E VISE CAN BOLT H] >GUM5TS1 

,& VIRTUE HAS NO TONGUE TO *ECK H] PRIDE4 

,! MAN :O 9T]E/S HIMSELF = HIS C\NTRY & ITS CAUSE1 :O ACTS BRAVELY & 9DEP5D5TLY1 & KN[S ?AT HE RUNS SOME RISK 9 DO+ SO1 MU/ HAVE A /RANGE OP9ION ( ! SACR$NESS ( TRU?1 IF ! V]Y CONSCI\SNESS ( HAV+ DONE NOBLY DOES NOT SUPPLY HIM ) C\RAGE1 & GIVE HIM ?AT SIMPLE1 UNO/5TATI\S FIRMNESS1 :I* %ALL C>RY IMM$IATE CONVICTION TO ! HE>T4 ,IT IS A BITT] LESSON ?AT ! 9/ITUTION ( BALLOT TEA*ES1 :ILE IT SAYS1 0,Y\ HAVE DONE WELL2 !RE=E BE SIL5T2 :ISP] IT NOT TO ! W9DS2 DISCLOSE IT NOT TO ?OSE :O >E MO/ NE>LY ALLI$ TO Y\2 ADOPT ! SAME CONDUCT :I* W\LD SUGGE/ ITSELF TO Y\1 IF Y\ HAD P]PETRAT$ AN ATROCI\S CRIME40 

,9 NO LONG TIME AFT] ! COMM5CEM5T ( ! W> ( ! ALLIES AGA9/ ,FRANCE1 C]TA9 ACTS W]E 9TRODUC$ 9TO ! ,5GLI% P>LIAM5T1 DECL>+ IT P5AL BY WORD OR WRIT+ TO UTT] ANY ?+ ?AT %\LD T5D TO BR+ ! GOV]NM5T 9TO CONTEMPT2 & !SE ACTS1 BY ! MASS ( ! ADV]S>IES ( DESPOTIC P[]1 W]E 9 WAY ( CONTEMPT CALL$ ! ,GAGG+ ,ACTS4 ,LITTLE DID ,I & MY CONTEMPOR>IES ( #agie IMAG9E1 :5 WE PROTE/$ AGA9/ !SE ACTS 9 ! TRIUMPHANT REIGN ( ,WILLIAM ,PITT1 ?AT ! SOI-DISANT FRI5DS ( LIB]TY & RADICAL RE=M]S1 :5 !IR TURN ( TRIUMPH CAME1 W\LD PROPOSE !IR ,GAGG+ ,ACTS1 RECOMM5D+ TO ! PEOPLE TO VOTE AGREEABLY TO !IR CONSCI5CES1 BUT =BIDD+ !M TO GIVE PUBLICITY TO ! HONORABLE CONDUCT !Y HAD BE5 PREVAIL$ ON TO ADOPT6 

,BUT ALL ?IS REASON+ IS F\ND$ 9 AN ]RONE\S1 & GR\NDLESSLY DEGRAD+1 OP9ION ( HUMAN NATURE4 ,! IMPROVEM5T ( ! G5]AL 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIETY1 ! CORRECTION ( ! GROSS 9EQUALITIES ( \R REPRES5TATION1 WILL OP]ATE T[>DS ! IMPROVEM5T ( ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,:ILE N9ETY-N9E 9 AN HUNDR$ ( ! 9HABITANTS ( ,5GL& >E C>RI$ =W>D 9 ! SCALE ( 9TELLECT & VIRTUE1 IT W\LD BE ABSURD TO SUPPOSE ?AT ! HUNDR$? MAN WILL /& /ILL1 M]ELY BECAUSE HE IS RI*4 ,PATRIOTISM IS A LIB]AL & A SOCIAL IMPULSE2 ITS 9FLU5CE IS IRRESI/IBLE2 IT IS CONTAGI\S1 & IS PROPAGAT$ BY ! T\*2 IT IS 9FECTI\S1 & MIXES ITSELF ) ! AIR ?AT WE BREA!4 

,M5 >E GOV]N$ 9 !IR CONDUCT 9 A SURPRIS+ DEGREE BY ! OP9ION ( O!RS4 ,IT WAS ALL V]Y WELL1 :5 NOBLEM5 W]E EA* ( !M SATISFI$ ( ! EQUITY & IRRESI/IBLE PR9CIPLE ( !IR ASC5DANCY1 :5 ! VULG> POPULATION FELT CONV9C$ ?AT PASSIVE OB$I5CE WAS 5TAIL$ ON !M FROM !IR BIR?1 :5 WE W]E 9 A MANN] BUT JU/ EMANCIPAT$ 7ILLUSORILY EMANCIPAT$67 FROM ! /ATE ( S]FS & VILLA9S4 ,BUT A MEMORABLE MELIORATION ( ! /ATE ( MAN WILL C>RY SOME DEGREE ( CONVICTION TO ! HE>TS ( ALL4 ,! MO/ CORRUPT WILL BE MADE D\BTFUL3 MANY :O HAD NOT GONE SO F> 9 ILL1 WILL DES]T ! BANN]S ( OPPRESSION4 

,WE SEE ?IS ALREADY4 ,:AT A %OCK WAS PROPAGAT$ ?R\< ! ISL&1 :51 ! O!R DAY1 A L>GE PROPRIETOR1 TURN+ A CONSID]ABLE CLU/] ( HIS T5ANTS \T ( ! H\SES & L&S !Y OCCUPI$1 BECAUSE !Y REFUS$ TO VOTE = A REPRES5TATIVE 9 P>LIAM5T IMPLICITLY AS HE BADE !M1 URG$ 9 HIS [N JU/IFICATION1 0,%ALL ,I NOT DO :AT ,I WILL ) MY [N80 ,?IS WAS ALL S\ND MORALS & DIV9ITY P]HAPS AT ! P]IOD ( HIS BIR?4 ,NOBODY DISPUT$ IT2 OR1 IF ANY ONE DID1 HE WAS SET D[N BY ! ORACLES ( ! VIC9AGE AS A CRACKBRA9$ VISION>Y4 ,?IS MAN1 SO CONFID5T 9 HIS [N PR]OGATIVES1 HAD SLEPT = ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S1 & AWOKE TOTALLY UNCONSCI\S ( :AT HAD BE5 GO+ ON 9 ALMO/ EV]Y CORN] ( ,EUROPE 9 ! 9T]VAL4 ,A FEW MORE SU* EXAMPLES2 & SO BROAD & SWEEP+ AN ASSUMPTION WILL NO MORE BE HE>D (1 & IT WILL REMA9 9 ! RECORDS ( HI/ORY1 AS A ?+ = ! REALITY ( :I* WE HAVE SUFFICI5T EVID5CE1 BUT :I* COMMON S5SE REPUDIATES1 & :I* SEEMS TO DEM& FROM US A C]TA9 DEGREE ( CR$ULITY TO 9DUCE US TO ADMIT ?AT IT HAD EV] BE54 

,! MANN]S ( SOCIETY >E BY NO MEANS SO UN*ANG$ & UNALT]ABLE AS MANY M5 SUPPOSE4 ,IT IS H]E1 AS 9 ! CASE ( EXCESSIVE DR9K+1 :I* ,I HAD LATELY OCCASION TO M5TION#a4 ,9 RUDE & B>B>\S TIMES M5 ( ! HI<E/ CIRCLES PIQU$ !MSELVES UPON !IR P[] ( SWALL[+ EXCESSIVE POTATIONS1 & F\ND PLEASURE 9 IT4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS AS 9 SO MANY O!R VISES1 WE FOLL[ IMPLICITLY :]E \R ELD]S LEAD ! WAY4 ,BUT ! RAGE ( DR9K+ IS N[ GONE BY2 & Y\ WILL ) DIFFICULTY F9D A COMPANY ( P]SONS ( RESPECTABLE APPE>ANCE1 :O ASSEMBLE R\ND A TABLE = ! PURPOSE ( MAK+ BEA/S ( !MSELVES4 ,=M]LY IT WAS !IR GLORY2 N[1 IF ANY MAN UNHAPPILY RETA9S ! WEAKNESS1 HE HIDES IT FROM HIS EQUALS1 AS HE W\LD A LOA?SOME DISEASE4 ,! SAME ?+ WILL HAPP5 AS TO P>LIAM5T>Y CORRUPTION1 & ! ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY ?AT WAS EX]CIS$ BY L&LORDS OV] ! CONSCI5CES ( !IR T5ANTS4 ,HE ?AT %ALL ATTEMPT TO PUT 9TO ACT :AT IS !N UNIV]SALLY CONDEMN$1 WILL BE A M>K$ MAN1 & WILL BE G5]ALLY %UNN$ BY HIS FELL[S4 ,! EYE ( ! WORLD WILL BE UPON HIM1 AS ! MURD]] FANCIES HIMSELF FOLL[$ BY ! EYE ( OMNIPOT5CE2 & HE WILL OBEY ! G5]AL VOICE ( ! COMMUNITY1 ?AT HE MAY BE AT PEACE ) HIMSELF4 

,LET US NOT !N DISGRACE A P]IOD ( MEMORABLE IMPROVEM5T1 BY COMB9+ IT ) AN 9/ITUTION ?AT %\LD M>K ?AT WE1 ! GREAT BODY ( ! PEOPLE1 REG>D ! MORE OPUL5T MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY AS \R FOES4 ,LET US HOLD \T TO !M ! RI<T H& ( FELL[%IP2 & !Y WILL MEET US4 ,!Y WILL BE 9FLU5C$1 P>TLY BY +5U\S %AME = ! UNWOR?Y CONDUCT :I* !Y & !IR FA!RS HAD SO LONG PURSU$1 & P>TLY BY SYMPA?Y = ! G5U9E JOY & EXPANSION ( HE>T ?AT IS SPREAD+ ITSELF ?R\< ! L&4 ,SC>CELY ANY ONE CAN RE/RA9 HIMSELF FROM P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! HAPP9ESS ( ! GREAT BODY ( HIS C\NTRYM52 &1 IF !Y SEE ?AT WE TREAT !M ) G5]\S CONFID5CE1 & >E UNWILL+ TO RECUR TO ! MEMORY ( =M] GRIEVANCES1 & ?AT A SPIRIT ( PHILAN?ROPY & UNLIMIT$ GOOD-WILL IS ! S5TIM5T ( ! DAY1 IT CAN SC>CELY HAPP5 BUT ?AT !IR CONV]SION WILL BE COMPLETE1 & ! H>MONY BE MADE 5TIRE#b4 

,F,O,O,T,N,O,T,E,S 

#a ,SEE ABOVE1 ,ESSAY #i4 

#b ,! SUBJECT ( ?IS ,ESSAY IS RESUM$ 9 ! CLOSE ( ! 
FOLL[+4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahc 3 ,*APT] #ag -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #ag -- ,ADD$4 

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