,*APT] #b 
,( ,PHR5OLOGY 

#ahcaahca 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,E,S,S,A,Y ,X,X 

,( ,P,H,R,5,O,L,O,G,Y 

,! FOLL[+ REM>KS CAN PRET5D TO HE NO?+ MORE ?AN A FEW LOOSE & UNDIGE/$ ?\<TS UPON A SUBJECT1 :I* HAS REC5TLY OCCUPI$ ! ATT5TION ( MANY M51 & OBTA9$ AN EXTRAORD9>Y VOGUE 9 ! WORLD4 ,IT W]E TO BE WI%$1 ?AT ! TASK HAD FALL5 9TO ! H&S ( A WRIT] :OSE /UDIES W]E MORE FAMILI> ) ALL ! SCI5CES :I* BE> MORE OR LESS ON ! TOPIC ,I PROPOSE TO CONSID]3 BUT1 IF ABL] & MORE COMPET5T M5 PASS IT BY1 ,I FEEL DISPOS$ TO PLANT MYSELF 9 ! BREA*1 & TO (F] SUGGE/IONS :I* MAY HAVE ! =TUNE TO LEAD O!RS1 BETT] FITT$ = ! (FICE ?AN MYSELF1 TO 5GAGE 9 ! 9VE/IGATION4 ,ONE ADVANTAGE ,I MAY CLAIM1 GR[+ \T ( MY P>TIAL DEFICI5CY4 ,IT IS KN[N NOT TO BE UNCOMMON = A MAN TO /& TOO NE> TO ! SUBJECT ( HIS SURVEY1 TO ALL[ HIM TO OBTA9 A L>GE VIEW ( IT 9 ALL ITS BE>+S4 ,I AM NO ANATOMI/3 ,I SIMPLY TAKE MY /& UPON ! BROAD GR\ND ( ! G5]AL PHILOSOPHY ( MAN4 

,IT IS A V]Y USUAL ?+ = FANCIFUL !ORIES TO HAVE !IR TURN AMID ! ECC5TRICITIES ( ! HUMAN M9D1 & !N TO BE HE>D ( NO MORE4 ,BUT IT IS P]HAPS NO ILL OCCUPATION1 N[ & !N1 = AN IMP>TIAL OBS]V]1 TO ANALYZE !SE !ORIES1 & ATTEMPT TO BL[ AWAY ! DU/ :I* WILL OCCASIONALLY SETTLE ON ! SURFACE ( SCI5CE4 ,IF PHR5OLOGY1 AS TAU<T BY ,GALL & ,SPURZHEIM1 BE A TRU?1 ,I %ALL PROBABLY R5D] A S]VICE TO ?AT TRU?1 BY 5DEAVOR+ TO %EW :]E ! $IFICE /&S 9 NE$ ( MORE SOLID SUPPORTS ?AN HAVE YET BE5 ASSIGN$ TO IT4 ,IF IT BE A FALSEHOOD1 ! SOON] IT IS SWEPT AWAY TO ! GULF ( OBLIVION ! BETT]4 ,LET ! 9QUISITIVE & ! /UDI\S FIX !IR M9DS ON MORE SUB/ANTIAL TOPICS1 9/EAD ( BE+ L$ AWAY BY GAUDY & DECEITFUL APPE>ANCES4 ,! HUMAN HEAD1 ?AT CR[N+ CAPITAL ( ! COLUMN ( MAN1 IS TOO 9T]E/+ A SUBJECT1 TO BE ! PROP] !ME ( EV]Y DABBL]4 ,& IT IS OBVI\S1 ?AT ! PR(ESSORS ( ?IS SO CALL$ DISCOV]Y1 IF !Y BE RA% & GR\NDLESS 9 !IR ASS]TIONS1 WILL BE 9 DANG] ( PRODUC+ MOM5T\S ]RORS1 ( EXCIT+ FALSE HOPES NEV] DE/9$ TO BE REALIZ$1 & ( VISIT+ ) P]NICI\S BLA/S ! OP5+ BUDS ( EXCELL5CE1 AT ! TIME :5 !Y >E MO/ EXPOS$ TO ! *ANCE ( DE/RUCTION4 

,I %ALL SET \T ) ACKN[L$G+1 ?AT !RE IS1 AS ,I APPREH5D1 A SCI5CE 9 RELATION TO ! HUMAN HEAD1 SOME?+ LIKE :AT ,PLATO PR$ICATES ( ! /ATUE HID 9 A BLOCK ( M>BLE4 ,IT IS REALLY CONTA9$ 9 ! BLOCK2 BUT IT IS ONLY ! MO/ CONSUMMATE SCULPTOR1 ?AT CAN BR+ IT TO ! EYES ( M51 & FREE IT FROM ALL ! 9CUMBRANCES1 :I*1 TILL HE MAKES APPLICATION ( HIS >T TO IT1 SURR\ND ! /ATUE1 & LOAD IT ) OBSCURITIES & DISFIGUREM5T4 ,! MAN1 :O1 )\T LONG /UDY & PREM$ITATION1 RU%ES 9 AT ONCE1 & EXPECTS TO )DRAW ! CURTA91 WILL ONLY F9D HIMSELF DISGRAC$ BY ! ATTEMPT4 

,!RE IS A PASSAGE 9 AN ACUTE WRIT]#a1 :OSE TAL5TS S+UL>LY FITT$ HIM1 EV5 :5 HE APPE>$ TOTALLY IMM]G$ 9 MUMM]Y & TRIFLES1 TO ILLU/RATE ! MO/ IMPORTANT TRU?S1 ?AT IS APPLICABLE TO ! PO9T ,I AM CONSID]+4 

0,PRAY1 :AT WAS ?AT MAN'S NAME1--= ,I WRITE 9 SU* A HURRY1 ,I HAVE NO TIME TO RECOLLECT OR LOOK = IT1--:O FIR/ MADE ! OBS]VATION1 ',?AT !RE WAS GREAT 9CON/ANCY 9 \R AIR & CLIMATE8' ,:OEV] HE WAS1 IT WAS A JU/ & GOOD OBS]VATION 9 HIM4 ,BUT ! COROLL>Y DRAWN FROM IT1 NAMELY1 ',?AT IT IS ?IS :I* HAS FURNI%$ US ) SU* A V>IETY ( ODD & :IMSICAL *>ACT]S2'--?AT WAS NOT HIS2--IT WAS F\ND \T BY ANO!R MAN1 AT LEA/ A C5TURY & A HALF AFT] HIM4 ,!N AGA91 ?AT ?IS COPI\S /OREH\SE ( ORIG9AL MAT]IALS IS ! TRUE & NATURAL CAUSE ?AT \R COM$IES >E SO MU* BETT] ?AN ?OSE ( ,FRANCE1 OR ANY O!RS ?AT HAVE OR CAN BE WROTE UPON ! CONT95T2-- ?AT DISCOV]Y WAS NOT FULLY MADE TILL AB\T ! MIDDLE ( K+ ,WILLIAM'S REIGN1 :5 ! GREAT ,DRYD51 9 WRIT+ ONE ( HIS LONG PREFACES 7IF ,I MI/AKE NOT71 MO/ =TUNATELY HIT UPON IT4 ,!N1 F\R?LY & LA/LY1 ?AT ?IS /RANGE IRREGUL>ITY 9 \R CLIMATE1 PRODUC+ SO /RANGE AN IRREGUL>ITY 9 \R *>ACT]S1 CLO? !REBY 9 SOME SORT MAKE US AM5DS1 BY GIV+ US SOME:AT TO MAKE US M]RY )1 :5 ! WEA!R WILL NOT SUFF] US TO GO \T ( DOORS1--?AT OBS]VATION IS MY [N2 & WAS /RUCK \T BY ME ?IS V]Y RA9Y DAY1 ,M>* #b#f1 #a#g#e#i1 & BETWIXT ! H\R ( N9E & T5 9 ! MORN+4 

0,?US--?US1 MY FELL[-LABOR]S & ASSOCIATES 9 ?IS GREAT H>VE/ ( \R LE>N+1 N[ RIP5+ BE=E \R EYES2 ?US IT IS1 BY SL[ /EPS ( CASUAL 9CREASE1 ?AT \R KN[L$GE PHYSICAL1 METAPHYSICAL1 PHYSIOLOGICAL1 POLEMICAL1 NAUTICAL1 MA!MATICAL1 A5IGMATICAL1 TE*NICAL1 BIOGRAPHICAL1 ROMANTICAL1 *EMICAL1 & OB/ETRICAL1 ) FIFTY O!R BRAN*ES ( IT1 7MO/ ( !M 5D+1 AS !SE DO1 9 ICAL17 HAS1 = !SE TWO LA/ C5TURIES & MORE1 GRADUALLY BE5 CREEP+ UPW>DS T[>DS ?AT ACME ( !IR P]FECTIONS1 FROM :I*1 IF WE MAY =M A CONJECTURE FROM ! ADVANTAGES ( !SE LA/ SEV5 YE>S1 WE CANNOT POSSIBLY BE F> (F40 

,NO?+ CAN BE MORE TRUE1 ?AN ! PROPOSITION LUDICR\SLY ILLU/RAT$ 9 ?IS PASSAGE1 ?AT REAL SCI5CE IS 9 MO/ 9/ANCES ( SL[ GR[?1 & ?AT ! DISCOV]IES :I* >E BR\<T TO P]FECTION AT ONCE1 >E GREATLY EXPOS$ TO ! SUSPICION ( QUACK]Y4 ,LIKE ! EPHEM]ON FLY1 !Y >E BORN SUDD5LY1 & MAY BE EXPECT$ TO DIE AS SOON4 

,LAVAT]1 ! WELL KN[N AU?OR ( ,ESSAYS ON ,PHYSIOGNOMY1 APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 BORN SEV5TE5 YE>S BE=E ! BIR? ( ,GALL4 ,HE ATTEMPT$ TO R$UCE 9TO A SY/EM ! 9DICATIONS ( HUMAN *>ACT] ?AT >E TO BE F\ND 9 ! C\NT5ANCE4 ,PHYSIOGNOMY1 AS A SUBJECT ( +5I\S & PROBABLE CONJECTURE1 WAS WELL KN[N TO ! ANCI5TS4 ,BUT ! TE/1 H[ F> ANY OBS]VATIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 MADE ON ! SUBJECT >E WOR?Y ! NAME ( A SCI5CE1 WILL LIE 9 ITS APPLICATION BY ! PR(ESSOR TO A P]SON RESPECT+ :OM HE HAS HAD NO OPPORTUNITY ( PREVI\S 9=MATION4 ,NO?+ IS MORE EASY1 :5 A GREAT W>RIOR1 /ATESMAN1 POET1 PHILOSOPH] OR PHILAN?ROPI/ IS EXPLICITLY PLAC$ BE=E US1 ?AN = ! CR$UL\S 9SPECTOR OR FOND VISION>Y TO EXAM9E ! L9ES ( HIS C\NT5ANCE1 & TO PO9T AT ! M>KS :I* %\LD PLA9LY %EW US ?AT HE \<T TO HAVE BE5 ! V]Y ?+ ?AT HE IS4 ,?IS IS ! V]Y TRICK ( GYPSIES & =TUNE-TELL]S4 ,BUT :O EV] PO9T$ TO AN UTT] /RANG] 9 ! /REET1 & SAID1 ,I P]CEIVE BY ?AT MAN'S C\NT5ANCE ?AT HE IS ONE ( ! GREAT LUM9>IES ( ! WORLD8 ,NEWTON1 OR ,BACON1 OR ,%AKESPE> W\LD PROBABLY HAVE PASS$ ALONG UNHE$$4 ,9/ANCES ( A SIMIL> NATURE OCCUR EV]Y DAY4 ,H5CE IT PLA9LY APPE>S ?AT1 :ATEV] MAY H]EAFT] BE KN[N ON ! SUBJECT1 WE CAN SC>CELY TO ! PRES5T TIME BE SAID TO HAVE OV]/EPP$ ! ?RE%OLD4 ,& YET NO?+ CAN BE MORE C]TA9 ?AN ?AT !RE IS A SCI5CE ( PHYSIOGNOMY1 ?\< TO MAKE USE ( AN ILLU/RATION ALREADY CIT$1 IT HAS NOT TO ?IS DAY BE5 EXTRICAT$ \T ( ! BLOCK ( M>BLE 9 :I* IT IS HID4 ,HUMAN PASSIONS1 FEEL+S & MODES ( ?9K+ LEAVE !IR TRACES ON ! C\NT5ANCE3 BUT WE HAVE NOT1 ?US F>1 LEFT ! DAME'S S*OOL 9 ?IS AFFAIR1 & >E NOT QUALIFI$ TO 5T] \RSELVES 9 ! FREE-S*OOL = MORE LIB]AL 9QUIRIES4 

,! WRIT+S ( ,LAVAT] ON ! SUBJECT ( PHYSIOGNOMY >E C\*$ 9 A SORT ( POETIC PROSE1 OV]FL[+ ) 9COH]5T & VAGUE EXCLAMATIONS1 & BE>+ SMALL RESEMBLANCE TO A TREATISE 9 :I* ! ELEM5TS ( SCI5CE >E TO BE DEVELOP$4 ,!IR SUCCESS H[EV] WAS EXTRAORD9>Y2 & IT WAS PROBABLY ?AT SUCCESS1 :I* PROMPT$ ,GALL FIR/ TO TURN HIS ATT5TION FROM ! 9DICATIONS ( *>ACT] ?AT >E TO BE F\ND 9 ! FACE ( MAN1 TO ! /UDY ( ! HEAD G5]ALLY1 AS CONNECT$ ) ! 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL QUALITIES ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

,IT WAS AB\T F\R YE>S BE=E ! COMM5CEM5T ( ! PRES5T C5TURY1 ?AT ,GALL APPE>S TO HAVE BEGUN TO DELIV] LECTURES ON ! /RUCTURE & EXT]NAL APPE>ANCES ( ! HUMAN HEAD4 ,HE TELLS US1 ?AT HIS ATT5TION WAS FIR/ CALL$ TO ! SUBJECT 9 ! N9? YE> ( HIS AGE 7?AT IS1 9 ! YE> #a#g#f#g71 & ?AT HE SP5T ?IRTY YE>S 9 ! PRIVATE M$ITATION ( HIS SY/EM1 BE=E HE BEGAN TO PROMULGATE IT4 ,BE ?AT AS IT WILL1 ITS MO/ /RIK+ *>ACT]I/IC IS ?AT ( M>K+ \T ! SCULL 9TO COMP>TM5TS1 9 ! SAME MANN] AS A C\NTRY DEL9EAT$ ON A MAP IS DIVID$ 9TO DI/RICTS1 & ASSIGN+ A DIFF]5T FACULTY OR ORGAN TO EA*4 ,9 ! E>LIE/ ( !SE DIAGRAMS ?AT HAS FALL5 UND] MY OBS]VATION1 ! HUMAN SCULL IS DIVID$ 9TO TW5TY-SEV5 COMP>TM5TS4 

,I W\LD SAY ( CRANIOLOGY1 AS ,I HAVE ALREADY SAID ( PHYSIOGNOMY1 ?AT !RE IS SU* A SCI5CE ATTA9ABLE PROBABLY BY MAN1 BUT ?AT WE HAVE YET MADE SC>CELY ANY PROGRESS 9 ! ACQUIR+ IT4 ,AS C]TA9 L9ES 9 ! C\NT5ANCE >E 9DICATIVE ( ! DISPOSITIONS ( ! MAN1 SO IT IS REASONABLE TO BELIEVE ?AT A C]TA9 /RUCTURE ( ! HEAD IS 9 CORRESPOND5CE ) ! FACULTIES & PROP5SITIES ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

,?US F> WE MAY PROBABLY ADVANCE )\T VIOLAT+ A DUE DEGREE ( CAUTION4 ,BUT !RE IS A WIDE DI/ANCE BETWE5 ?IS G5]AL /ATEM5T1 & ! CONDUCT ( ! MAN :O AT ONCE SPLITS ! HUMAN HEAD 9TO TW5TY-SEV5 COMP>TM5TS4 

,! EXT]IOR APPE>ANCE ( ! SCULL IS AFFIRM$ TO CORRESPOND ) ! /RUCTURE ( ! BRA9 B5EA?4 ,& NO?+ CAN BE MORE ANALOG\S TO :AT ! DEEPE/ ?9K]S HAVE ALREADY CONFESS$ ( MAN1 ?AN TO SUPPOSE ?AT !RE IS ONE /RUCTURE ( ! BRA9 BETT] ADAPT$ = 9TELLECTUAL PURPOSES ?AN ANO!R4 ,!RE IS PROBABLY ONE /RUCTURE BETT] ADAPT$ ?AN ANO!R1 = CALCULATION1 = POETRY1 = C\RAGE1 = C[>DICE1 = PRESUMPTION1 = DIFFID5CE1 = R\<NESS1 = T5D]NESS1 = SELF-CONTROL & ! WANT ( IT4 ,EV5 AS SOME HAVE 9H]5TLY A FACULTY ADAPT$ = MUSIC OR ! CONTR>Y#b4 

,BUT IT IS NOT REASONABLE TO BELIEVE ?AT WE ?9K ( CALCULATION ) ONE PORTION ( ! BRA91 & ( POETRY ) ANO!R4 

,IT IS V]Y LITTLE ?AT WE KN[ ( ! NATURE ( MATT]2 & WE >E EQUALLY IGNORANT AS TO ! SUB/ANCE1 :ATEV] IT IS1 9 :I* ! ?9K+ PR9CIPLE 9 MAN RESIDES4 ,BUT1 )\T ADV5TUR+ 9 ANY WAY TO DOGMATIZE ON ! SUBJECT1 WE F9D SO MANY ANALOGIES BETWE5 ! ?9K+ PR9CIPLE1 & ! /RUCTURE ( :AT WE CALL ! BRA91 ?AT WE CANNOT BUT REG>D ! LATT] AS 9 SOME WAY ! 9/RUM5T ( ! =M]4 

,N[ NO?+ CAN BE MORE C]TA9 RESPECT+ ! ?9K+ PR9CIPLE1 ?AN ITS 9DIVIDUALITY4 ,IT HAS BE5 SAID1 ?AT ! M9D CAN 5T]TA9 BUT ONE ?\<T AT ONE TIME2 & C]TA9 IT IS1 FROM ! NATURE ( ATT5TION1 & FROM ! ASSOCIATION ( IDEAS1 ?AT UNITY IS ONE ( ! PR9CIPAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( M9D4 ,IT IS ?IS :I* CON/ITUTES P]SONAL ID5TITY2 AN ATTRIBUTE ?AT1 H[EV] UNSATISFACTORY MAY BE ! EXPLANATIONS :I* HAVE BE5 GIV5 RESPECT+ IT1 WE ALL ( US FEEL1 & ?AT LIES AT ! F\NDATION ( ALL \R VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS1 & ALL \R MORALITY4 

,ANALOG\S TO ?IS UNITY ( ?\<T & M9D1 IS ! >RANGEM5T ( ! N]VES & ! BRA9 9 ! HUMAN BODY4 ,! N]VES ALL LEAD UP TO ! BRA92 & !RE IS A C5TRICAL PO9T 9 ! BRA9 ITSELF1 9 :I* ! REPORTS ( ! S5SES T]M9ATE1 & AT :I* ! ACTION ( ! WILL MAY BE CONCEIV$ TO BEG94 ,?IS1 9 ! LANGUAGE ( \R FA!RS1 WAS CALL$ ! 0SEAT ( ! S\L40 

,WE MAY !RE=E1 )\T DEP>T+ FROM ! LIMITS ( A DUE CAUTION & MODE/Y1 CONSID] ?IS AS ! ?RONE BE=E :I* ! M9D HOLDS ITS C\RT4 ,HI!R ! S5SES BR+ 9 !IR REPORTS1 & H5CE ! SOV]EIGN WILL ISSUES HIS COMM&S4 ,! :OLE SY/EM APPE>S TO BE CONDUCT$ ?R\< ! 9/RUM5TALITY ( ! N]VES1 ALONG :OSE SUBTLE TEXTURE ! FEEL+S & IMPRESSIONS >E PROPAGAT$4 ,BETWE5 ! REPORTS ( ! S5SES & ! COMM&S ( ! WILL1 9T]V5ES ?AT :I* IS EMPHATICALLY ! (FICE ( ! M9D1 COMPRIS+ M$ITATION1 REFLECTION1 9F]5CE & JUDGM5T4 ,H[ !SE FUNCTIONS >E P]=M$ WE KN[ NOT2 BUT IT IS REASONABLE TO BELIEVE ?AT ! SUB/ANCE ( ! BRA9 OR ( SOME P>T ( ! BRA9 IS IMPLICAT$ 9 !M4 

,/ILL H[EV] WE MU/ NOT LOSE SI<T ( :AT HAS BE5 ALREADY SAID1 ?AT 9 ! ACTION ( ! M9D UNITY IS AN 9DISP5SABLE CONDITION4 ,\R ?\<TS CAN ONLY HOLD !IR C\NCIL & =M !IR DECREES 9 A V]Y LIMIT$ REGION4 ,?IS IS !IR RETREAT & /RONG HOLD2 & ! SPECIAL USE & FUNCTIONS ( ! REMOT] P>TS ( ! BRA9 WE >E UNABLE TO DET]M9E2 SO UTT]LY OBSCURE & UNDEF9$ IS \R PRES5T KN[L$GE ( ! GREAT LIGAM5T :I* B9DS TOGE!R ! BODY & ! ?9K+ PR9CIPLE4 

,5\< H[EV] RESULTS FROM ?IS IMP]FECT VIEW ( ! LIGAM5T1 TO DEMON/RATE ! 9CONGRUITY & UNT5ABL5ESS ( A DOCTR9E :I* %\LD ASSIGN ! 9DICATIONS ( DIFF]5T FUNCTIONS1 EX]CISES & PROP5SITIES ( ! M9D TO ! EXT]IOR SURFACE ( ! SCULL OR ! BRA94 ,?IS IS QUACK]Y1 & IS TO BE CLASS$ ) *IROMANCY1 AUGURY1 A/ROLOGY1 & ! RE/ ( ?OSE S*EMES = DISCOV]+ ! FUTURE & UNKN[N1 :I* ! RE/LESSNESS & ANXIETY ( ! HUMAN M9D HAVE 9V5T$1 BUILT UPON >BITR>Y PR9CIPLES1 BLUND]$ UPON 9 ! D>K1 & HAV+ NO RESEMBLANCE TO ! M>* ( G5U9E SCI5CE4 ,I F9D 9 SIR ,?OMAS ,BR[NE ! FOLL[+ AXIOMS ( *IROMANCY3 0?AT SPOTS 9 ! TOPS ( ! NAILS DO SIGNIFIE ?+S PA/2 9 ! MIDDLE1 ?+S PRES5T2 & AT ! BOTTOM1 EV5TS TO COME3 ?AT :ITE SPECKS PRESAGE \R FELICITY2 BLUE ONES \R MIS=TUNES3 ?AT ?OSE 9 ! NAILS ( ! ?UMB HAVE SIGNIFICATIONS ( HONOR1 9 ! =EF+]1 ( RI*ES1 & SO RESPECTIVELY 9 ! RE/40 

,SCI5CE1 TO BE ( A HI< & SATISFACTORY *>ACT]1 \<T TO CONSI/ ( A D$UCTION ( CAUSES & EFFECTS1 %EW+ US NOT M]ELY ?AT A ?+ IS SO1 BUT :Y IT IS AS IT IS1 & CANNOT BE O!RWISE4 ,! RE/ IS M]ELY EMPIRICAL2 &1 ?\< ! N>R[NESS ( HUMAN WIT MAY (T5 DRIVE US TO ?IS2 YET IT IS ESS5TIALLY ( A L[] ORD] & DESCRIPTION4 ,AS IT DEP5DS = ITS AU?ORITY UPON AN EXAMPLE1 OR A NUMB] ( EXAMPLES1 SO EXAMPLES ( A CONTR>Y NATURE MAY CONT9UALLY COME 91 TO WEAK5 ITS =CE1 OR UTT]LY TO SUBV]T IT4 ,& ! AFFAIR IS MADE /ILL WORSE1 :5 WE SEE1 AS 9 ! CASE ( CRANIOLOGY1 ?AT ALL ! REASONS ?AT CAN BE D$UC$ 7AS H]E FROM ! NATURE ( M9D7 W\LD P]SUADE US TO BELIEVE1 ?AT !RE CAN BE NO CONNECTION BETWE5 ! SUPPOS$ 9DICATIONS1 & ! ?+S PRET5D$ TO BE 9DICAT$4 

,CRANIOLOGY1 OR PHR5OLOGY1 PROCE$S EXACTLY 9 ! SAME TRA91 AS *IROMANCY1 OR ANY ( ?OSE PRET5D$ SCI5CES :I* >E BUILT M]ELY ON ASSUMPTION OR CONJECTURE4 ,! FIR/ DEL9EATIONS PRES5T$ TO ! PUBLIC1 M>K$ \T1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 ! SCULL 9TO COMP>TM5TS1 9 ! SAME MANN] AS A C\NTRY DEL9EAT$ ON A MAP IS DIVID$ 9TO DI/RICTS4 ,GEOGRAPHY IS A REAL SCI5CE1 & ACCORD+LY1 LIKE O!R SCI5CES1 HAS BE5 SL[ & GRADUAL 9 ITS PROGRESS4 ,AT AN E>LY /AGE TRAVEL]S KNEW LITTLE MORE ?AN ! %ORES & ISL&S ( ! ,M$IT]RANEAN4 ,AFT]W>DS1 !Y PASS$ ! /RAITS ( ,H]CULES1 & 5T]$ 9TO ! ,ATLANTIC4 ,AT L5G? ! HABITABLE WORLD WAS DI/RIBUT$ 9TO ?REE P>TS1 ,EUROPE1 ,ASIA1 & ,AFRICA4 ,MORE REC5TLY1 BY MANY C5TURIES1 CAME ! DISCOV]Y ( ,AM]ICA4 ,IT IS BUT ! O!R DAY COMP>ATIVELY1 ?AT WE F\ND ! EXT5SIVE ISL& ( ,NEW ,HOLL& 9 ! ,S\!RN ,OCEAN4 ,! ANCI5T GEOGRAPH]S PLAC$ AN ELEPHANT OR SOME M>9E MON/] 9 ! VACANT P>TS ( !IR MAPS1 TO SIGNIFY ?AT ( !SE P>TS !Y KNEW NO?+4 ,NOT SO ,DR4 ,GALL4 ,EV]Y P>T ( HIS GLOBE ( ! HUMAN ,SCULL1 AT LEA/ ) SMALL EXCEPTIONS1 IS FULLY T5ANT$2 & HE1 ) HIS S+LE >M1 HAS CONQU]$ A WORLD4 

,! MAJORITY ( ! JUDGM5TS ?AT HAVE BE5 DIVULG$ BY ! PR(ESSORS ( ?IS SCI5CE1 HAVE HAD = !IR SUBJECTS ! SCULLS ( M51 :OSE HABITS & HI/ORY HAVE BE5 ALREADY KN[N4 ,& YET ) ?IS ADVANTAGE ! ]RORS & CONTRADICTIONS 9TO :I* !IR AU?ORS HAVE FALL5 >E CONSID]ABLY NUM]\S4 ,?US ,I F9D1 9 ! ACC\NT ( ! DOCTOR'S VISIT TO ! ,H\SE ( ,CORRECTION & ! ,HOSPITAL ( ,TORGAU 9 ,JULY #a#h#e1 ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLES4 

0,EV]Y P]SON WAS DESIR\S TO KN[ :AT ,DR4 ,GALL W\LD SAY AB\T ,T--1 :O WAS KN[N 9 ! H\SE AS A ?IEF FULL ( CUNN+1 & :O1 HAV+ SEV]AL TIMES MADE HIS ESCAPE1 WORE AN ADDITIONAL IRON4 ,IT WAS SURPRIS+1 ?AT HE SAW 9 HIM F> LESS ( ! ORGAN ( CUNN+1 ?AN 9 MANY ( ! O!R PRISON]S4 ,H[EV] IT WAS PROV$1 ?AT EXAMPLES1 & CONV]SATION ) O!R ?IEVES 9 ! H\SE1 HAD SUGGE/$ TO HIM ! PLAN = HIS ESCAPE1 & ?AT ! /UPIDITY :I* HE POSSESSES WAS ! CAUSE ( HIS BE+ RETAK540 

0,WE W]E MU* SURPRIS$ TO BE TOLD1 ?AT ,M41 9 :OM ,DR4 ,GALL HAD NOT DISCOV]$ ! ORGAN ( REPRES5TATION1 POSSESS$ EXTRAORD9>Y ABILITIES 9 IMITAT+ ! VOICE ( ANIMALS2 BUT WE W]E CONV9C$ AFT] 9QUIRIES1 ?AT HIS TAL5T WAS NOT A NATURAL ONE1 BUT ACQUIR$ BY /UDY4 ,HE RELAT$ TO US ?AT1 :5 HE WAS A ,PRUSSIAN SOLDI] G>RISON$ AT ,B]L91 HE US$ TO DECEIVE ! WAIT+ WOM5 9 ! ,F\NDL+ ,HOSPITAL BY IMITAT+ ! VOICE ( EXPOS$ 9FANTS1 & SOMETIMES C\NT]FEIT$ ! CRY ( A WILD DRAKE1 :5 ! (FIC]S W]E %OOT+ DUCKS40 

0,( ANO!R ,DR4 ,GALL SAID1 ,HIS HEAD IS A PATT]N ( 9CON/ANCY & CONF9EM5T1 & !RE APPE>S NOT ! LEA/ M>K ( ! ORGAN ( C\RAGE4 ,?IS ROGUE HAD BE5 ABLE TO GA9 A GREAT AU?ORITY AMONG HIS FELL[-CONVICTS4 ,H[ IS ?IS TO BE RECONCIL$ ) ! WANT ( CON/ANCY :I* HIS ORGANIZATION PLA9LY 9DICATES8 ,DR4 ,GALL ANSW]$1 ,HE GA9$ HIS ASC5DANCY NOT BY C\RAGE1 BUT BY CUNN+40 

,IT IS WELL KN[N1 ?AT 9 ,?URTEL1 :O WAS EXECUT$ = ONE ( ! MO/ COLD-BLOOD$ & REMORSELESS MURD]S EV] HE>D (1 ! PHR5OLOGI/S F\ND ! ORGAN ( B5EVOL5CE UNCOMMONLY L>GE4 

,9 ,SPURZHEIM'S DEL9EATION ( ! HUMAN HEAD ,I F9D SIX DIVISIONS ( ORGANS M>K$ \T 9 ! LITTLE HEMISPH]E OV] ! EYE1 9DICAT+ SIX DIFF]5T DISPOSITIONS4 ,MU/ !RE NOT BE 9 ?IS SUBTLE DI/RIBUTION MU* ( :AT IS >BITR>Y & SCIOLI/IC8 

,IT IS TO BE REGRETT$1 ?AT NO P]SON SKILLFUL 9 METAPHYSICS1 OR ! HI/ORY ( ! HUMAN M9D1 HAS TAK5 A %>E 9 ?IS 9VE/IGATION4 ,MANY ]RORS & MU* ABSURDITY W\LD HAVE BE5 REMOV$ FROM ! /ATEM5TS ( !SE !ORI/S1 IF A PROP] DIVISION HAD BE5 MADE BETWE5 ?OSE ATTRIBUTES & PROP5SITIES1 :I* BY POSSIBILITY A HUMAN CREATURE MAY BR+ 9TO ! WORLD ) HIM1 & ?OSE :I*1 BE+ ! PURE GR[? ( ! >BITR>Y 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIETY1 MU/ BE 9DEBT$ TO ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS = !IR ORIG94 ,I HAVE 5DEAVOR$ 9 A =M] ,ESSAY#c TO EXPLA9 ?IS DI/9CTION1 & TO %EW H[1 ?\< A HUMAN BE+ CANNOT BE BORN ) AN EXPRESS PROP5SITY T[>DS ANY ONE ( ! 9F9ITE PURSUITS & OCCUPATIONS :I* MAY BE F\ND 9 CIVILIZ$ SOCIETY1 YET ?AT HE MAY BE FITT$ BY HIS EXT]NAL OR 9T]NAL /RUCTURE TO EXCEL 9 SOME ONE ( ?OSE PURSUITS RA!R ?AN ANO!R4 ,BUT ALL ?IS IS OV]LOOK$ BY ! PHR5OLOGI/S4 ,!Y REM>K ! V>I\S HABITS & DISPOSITIONS1 ! VIRTUES & ! VISES1 ?AT DISPLAY !MSELVES 9 SOCIETY AS N[ CON/ITUT$1 & AT ONCE & )\T CONSID]ATION TRACE !M TO ! /RUCTURE ?AT WE BR+ 9TO ! WORLD ) US4 

,C]TA9LY MANY ( ,GALL'S ORGANS >E A LIBEL UPON \R COMMON NATURE4 ,&1 ?\< A SCRUPUL\S & EXACT PHILOSOPH] WILL P]HAPS CONFESS ?AT HE HAS LITTLE DI/9CT KN[L$GE AS TO ! DESIGN ) :I* 0! E>? & ALL ?AT IS !RE90 W]E MADE1 YET HE F9DS 9 IT SO MU* ( BEAUTY & B5EFIC5T T5D5CY1 AS WILL MAKE HIM EXTREMELY RELUCTANT TO BELIEVE ?AT SOME M5 >E BORN ) A DECID$ PROP5SITY TO ROB1 & O!RS TO MURD]4 ,NOR CAN ANY ?+ BE MORE LUDICR\S ?AN ?IS AU?OR'S DI/9CTION ( ! DIFF]5T ORGANS ( MEMORY--( ?+S1 ( PLACES1 ( NAMES1 ( LANGUAGE1 & ( NUMB]S3 ORGANS1 :I* MU/ BE CONCEIV$ TO BE GIV5 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE LONG BE=E NAMES OR LANGUAGE OR NUMB]S HAD AN EXI/5CE4 ,! FOLL[]S ( ,GALL HAVE 9 A FEW 9/ANCES CORRECT$ ?IS3 BUT :AT !IR D5OM9ATIONS HAVE GA9$ 9 AVOID+ ! GROSSE/ ABSURDITIES ( !IR MA/]1 !Y HAVE C]TA9LY LO/ 9 EXPLICITNESS & P]SPICUITY4 

,!RE IS A DI/9CTION1 NOT UNWOR?Y TO BE ATT5D$ TO1 ?AT IS H]E TO BE MADE BETWE5 ,LAVAT]'S SY/EM ( PHYSIOGNOMY1 & ,GALL'S ( CRANIOLOGY1 :I* IS MU* 9 FAVOR ( ! =M]4 ,! L9ES & *>ACT]I/IC EXPRESSIONS ( ! FACE :I* MAY SO FREQU5TLY BE OBS]V$1 >E = ! MO/ P>T ! CREATURES ( ! M9D4 ,?IS IS 9 ! FIR/ PLACE A MODE ( OBS]VATION MORE AGREEABLE TO ! PRIDE & CONSCI\S ELEVATION ( MAN1 & IS 9 ! NEXT PLACE MORE SUITABLE TO MORALITY1 & ! V9DICATION ( ALL ?AT IS MO/ ADMIRABLE 9 ! SY/EM ( ! UNIV]SE4 ,IT IS JU/1 ?AT :AT IS MO/ FREQU5TLY PASS+ 9 ! M9D1 & IS 5T]TA9$ !RE ) ! GREATE/ FAVOR1 %\LD LEAVE ITS TRACES UPON ! C\NT5ANCE4 ,IT IS ?US ?AT ! HI< & EXALT$ PHILOSOPH]1 ! POET1 & ! MAN ( B5EVOL5CE & HUMANITY >E SOMETIMES SE5 TO BE SU* BY ! BY/&] & ! /RANG]4 ,:ILE ! MALEVOL5T1 ! TRICKI%1 & ! GROSSLY S5SUAL1 GIVE NOTICE ( :AT !Y >E BY ! CA/ ( !IR FEATURES1 & PUT !IR FELL[-CREATURES UPON !IR GU>D1 ?AT !Y MAY NOT BE MADE ! PREY ( !SE VISES4 

,BUT ! M>* ( CRANIOLOGY OR PHR5OLOGY1 BY :ATEV] NAME IT IS CALL$1 IS DIRECTLY ! REV]SE ( ?IS4 ,IT ASSIGNS TO US ORGANS1 AS F> AS ! ?+ IS EXPLA9$ BY ! PR(ESSORS EI!R TO ! PUBLIC OR TO !IR [N M9DS1 :I* >E 5TAIL$ UPON US FROM \R BIR?1 & :I* >E ALTOGE!R 9DEP5D5T1 OR NE>LY SO1 ( ANY DISCIPL9E OR VOLITION ?AT CAN BE EX]CIS$ BY OR UPON ! 9DIVIDUAL :O DRAGS !IR 9TOL]ABLE *A94 ,?US ,I AM TOLD ( ONE 9DIVIDUAL ?AT HE WANTS ! ORGAN ( COLOR2 & ALL ! CULTURE 9 ! WORLD CAN NEV] SUPPLY ?AT DEFECT1 & 5ABLE HIM TO SEE COLOR AT ALL1 OR TO SEE IT AS IT IS SE5 BY ! RE/ ( MANK9D4 ,ANO!R WANTS ! ORGAN ( B5EVOL5CE2 & HIS CASE IS EQUALLY HOPELESS4 ,I %R9K FROM CONSID]+ ! CONDITION ( ! WRET*1 TO :OM NATURE HAS SUPPLI$ ! ORGANS ( !FT & MURD] 9 FULL & AMPLE PROPORTIONS4 ,! CASE IS LIKE ?AT ( A/ROLOGY 

,!IR />S >E MORE 9 FAULT ?AN !Y71 

) ?IS AGGRAVATION1 ?AT \R />S1 SO F> AS ! FACULTY ( PR$ICTION HAD BE5 SUPPOS$ TO BE ATTA9$1 SWAY$ 9 FEW ?+S2 BUT CRANIOLOGY CLIMBS AT ONCE TO UNIV]SAL EMPIRE2 & 9 H] MAP1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 !RE >E NO VACANT PLACES1 NO UNEXPLOR$ REGIONS & HAPPY WIDE-EXT5D$ DES]TS4 

,IT IS ALL A SY/EM ( FATALISM4 ,9DEP5D5TLY ( \RSELVES1 & F> BEYOND \R CONTROL1 WE >E RES]V$ = GOOD OR = EVIL BY ! PR$E/9AT+ SPIRIT ?AT REIGNS OV] ALL ?+S4 ,UNHAPPY IS ! 9DIVIDUAL :O 5T]S HIMSELF 9 ?IS S*OOL4 ,HE HAS NO CONSOLATION1 EXCEPT ! GRATIFI$ WI% TO KN[ DI/RESS+ TRU?S1 UNLESS WE ADD TO ?IS ! PRIDE ( SCI5CE1 ?AT HE HAS BY HIS [N SKILL & APPLICATION PUR*AS$ = HIMSELF ! DISC]NM5T :I* PLACES HIM 9 SO PA9FUL A PREEM95CE4 ,! GREAT TRIUMPH ( MAN IS 9 ! P[] ( $UCATION1 TO IMPROVE HIS 9TELLECT1 TO %>P5 HIS P]CEPTIONS1 & TO REGULATE & MODIFY HIS MORAL QUALITIES4 ,BUT CRANIOLOGY R$UCES ?IS TO ALMO/ NO?+1 & EXHIBITS US = ! MO/ P>T AS ! HELPLESS VICTIMS ( A BL9D & REMORSELESS DE/9Y4 

,9 ! MEAN TIME IT IS HAPPY = US1 ?AT1 AS ?IS SY/EM IS P]HAPS ! MO/ RIGOR\S & DEGRAD+ ?AT WAS EV] DEVIS$1 SO IT IS 9 ALMO/ ALL 9/ANCES F\ND$ UPON >BITR>Y ASSUMPTIONS & CONFID5T ASS]TION1 TOTALLY 9 OPPOSITION TO ! TRUE SPIRIT ( PATI5T & LABORI\S 9VE/IGATION & S\ND PHILOSOPHY4 

,IT IS 9 REALITY V]Y LITTLE ?AT WE KN[ ( ! G5U9E *>ACT]S ( M54 ,EV]Y HUMAN CREATURE IS A MY/]Y TO HIS FELL[4 ,EV]Y HUMAN *>ACT] IS MADE UP ( 9CONGRUITIES4 ,( NE>LY ALL ! GREAT P]SONAGES 9 HI/ORY IT IS DIFFICULT TO SAY :AT WAS DECID$LY ! MOTIVE 9 :I* !IR ACTIONS & SY/EM ( CONDUCT ORIG9AT$4 ,WE /UDY :AT !Y DID1 & :AT !Y SAID2 BUT 9 VA94 ,WE NEV] >RIVE AT A FULL & DEMON/RATIVE CONCLUSION4 ,9 REALITY NO MAN CAN BE C]TA9LY SAID TO KN[ HIMSELF4 0,! HE>T ( MAN IS DECEITFUL ABOVE ALL ?+S40 

,BUT !SE DOGMATI/S OV]LOOK ALL ?OSE DIFFICULTIES1 :I* W\LD P]SUADE A WISE MAN TO SUSP5D HIS JUDGM5T1 & 9DUCE A JURY ( PHILOSOPH]S TO HESITATE = EV] AS TO ! V]DICT !Y W\LD PRON\NCE4 ,!Y LOOK ONLY AT ! EXT]NAL *>ACT] ( ! ACT BY :I* A MAN HONORS OR DISGRACES HIMSELF4 ,!Y DECIDE PRESUMPTU\SLY & 9 A LUMP1 ,?IS MAN IS A MURD]]1 A H]O1 A C[>D1 ! SLAVE ( AV>ICE1 OR ! VOT>Y ( PHILAN?ROPY2 & !N1 SURVEY+ ! \TSIDE ( HIS HEAD1 UND]TAKE TO F9D 9 HIM ! CONFIGURATION ?AT %\LD 9DICATE !SE DISPOSITIONS1 & MU/ BE F\ND 9 ALL P]SONS ( A SIMIL> *>ACT]1 OR RA!R :OSE ACTS BE> ! SAME \TW>D =M1 & SEEM ANALOG\S TO HIS4 

,TILL WE HAVE DISCOV]$ ! CLUE ?AT %\LD 5ABLE US TO UNRAVEL ! LABYR9? ( ! HUMAN M9D1 IT IS ) SMALL HOPES ( SUCCESS ?AT WE %\LD EXPECT TO SETTLE ! EXT]NAL 9DICATIONS1 & DECIDE ?AT ?IS SORT ( =M & APPE>ANCE1 & ?AT CLASS ( *>ACT]1 WILL ALWAYS BE F\ND TOGE!R4 

,BUT IT IS NOT TO BE WOND]$ AT1 ?AT !SE DISORD]LY FRAGM5TS ( A %APELESS SCI5CE %\LD BECOME ! SPECIAL FAVORITES ( ! IDLE & ! >ROGANT4 ,EV]Y MAN 7& EV]Y WOMAN71 H[EV] DE/ITUTE ( REAL 9/RUCTION1 & UNFITT$ = ! 9VE/IGATION ( ! DEEP OR ! SUBLIME MY/]IES ( \R NATURE1 CAN USE HIS EYES & HIS H&S4 ,! :OLE B\NDLESS CONGREGATION ( MANK9D1 ) ITS EV]LA/+ V>IETIES1 IS ?US AT ONCE SUBJECT$ TO ! S5T5CE ( EV]Y PRET5D]3 

,& FOOLS RU% 91 :]E ANGELS FE> TO TREAD4 

,NO?+ IS MORE DELI<TFUL TO ! HEADLONG & PRESUMPTU\S1 ?AN ?US TO SIT 9 JUDGM5T ON !IR BETT]S1 & PRON\NCE EX CA!DRA ON ?OSE1 0:OSE %OE-LAT*ET !Y >E NOT WOR?Y TO /OOP D[N & UNLOOSE40 ,I REMEMB]1 AFT] LORD ,GEORGE ,GORDON'S RIOTS1 ELEV5 P]SONS ACCUS$ W]E SET D[N 9 ONE 9DICTM5T = !IR LIVES1 & GIV5 9 *>GE TO ONE JURY4 ,BUT ?IS IS A M]E %AD[1 A NO?+1 COMP>$ ) ! :OLESALE & 9DISCRIM9AT+ JUDGM5T ( ! VULG> PHR5OLOGI/4 

,F,O,O,T,N,O,T,E,S 

#a ,/]NE1 ,TRI/RAM ,%&YGAFF1 ,VOL4 #a4 

#b ,SEE ABOVE1 ,ESSAY ,I,I4 

#c ,SEE ABOVE1 ,ESSAY ,I,I4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahc 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 

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