,*APT] #bb 
,( ,! ,MAT]IAL ,UNIV]SE 

#ahcaahca 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,E,S,S,A,Y ,X,X,I,I 

,( ,! ,M,A,T,],I,A,L ,U,N,I,V,],S,E 

,9 ! PREC$+ ,ESSAY ,I HAVE REF]R$ TO ! !ORY ( ,B]KELEY1 :OSE OP9ION IS ?AT !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS MATT] 9 ! S5SE 9 :I* IT IS UND]/OOD BY ! WRIT]S ON NATURAL PHILOSOPHY1 & ?AT ! :OLE ( \R EXP]I5CE 9 ?AT RESPECT IS ! RESULT ( A SY/EM ( ACCID5TS )\T AN 9TELLIGIBLE SUBJECT1 BY MEANS ( :I* ANTEC$5TS & CONSEQU5TS FL[ ON = EV] 9 A TRA91 ! PA/ SUCCESSION ( :I* MAN IS ABLE TO RECORD1 & ! FUTURE 9 MANY CASES HE IS QUALIFI$ TO PR$ICT & TO ACT UPON4 

,AN >GUM5T MORE PALPABLE & POPUL> ?AN ?AT ( ,B]KELEY 9 FAVOR ( ! SAME HYPO!SIS1 MI<T BE D$UC$ FROM ! PO9TS RECAPITULAT$ 9 ?AT ,ESSAY AS DELIV]$ BY ,LOCKE & ,NEWTON4 ,IF :AT >E VULG>LY D5OM9AT$ ! SECOND>Y QUALITIES ( MATT] >E 9 REALITY NO?+ BUT S5SATIONS EXI/+ 9 ! HUMAN M9D1 !N AT ANY RATE MATT] IS A V]Y DIFF]5T ?+ FROM :AT IT IS ORD9>ILY APPREH5D$ TO BE4 ,TO :I* ,I ADD1 9 ! SECOND PLACE1 ?AT1 IF MATT]1 AS IS /AT$ BY ,NEWTON1 CONSI/S 9 SO MU* GREAT] A DEGREE ( PORES ?AN SOLID P>TS1 ?AT ! ABSOLUTE P>TICLES CONTA9$ 9 ! SOL> SY/EM MI<T1 = AU<T WE KN[1 HE CONTA9$ 9 A NUT%ELL#a1 & ?AT NO TWO EV] T\*$ EA* O!R1 OR APPROA*$ SO NE> ?AT !Y MI<T NOT BE BR\<T NE>]1 PROVID$ A SUFFICI5T =CE C\LD BE APPLI$ = ?AT PURPOSE1--& IF1 AS ,PRIE/LEY TEA*ES1 ALL ?AT WE OBS]VE IS ! RESULT ( SUCCESSIVE SPH]ES ( ATTRACTION & REPULSION1 ! C5T] ( :I* IS A MA!MATICAL PO9T ONLY1 WE !N C]TA9LY COME V]Y NE> TO A CONCLUSION1 :I* %\LD BANI% MATT] \T ( ! !AT] ( REAL EXI/5CES#b4 

,BUT ! EXTREME SUBTLETIES ( HUMAN 9TELLECT >E P]HAPS ( LITTLE FUR!R USE1 ?AN TO AF=D AN AMUSEM5T TO P]SONS ( CURI\S SPECULATION1 & :OSE CONDITION 9 HUMAN SOCIETY PROCURES !M LEISURE = SU* 9QUIRIES4 ,! SAME ?+ HAPP5S H]E1 AS 9 ! SUBJECT ( MY ,TWELF? ,ESSAY1 ON ! ,LIB]TY ( ,HUMAN ,ACTIONS4 ,! SPECULATOR 9 HIS CLOSET IS ONE MAN3 ! SAME P]SON1 :5 HE COMES \T ( HIS RETIREM5T1 & MIXES 9 9T]C\RSE ) HIS FELL[-CREATURES1 IS ANO!R MAN4 ,! NECESS>IAN1 :5 HE REASONS ON ! EV]LA/+ CONCAT5ATION ( ANTEC$5TS & CONSEQU5TS1 PROVES TO HIS [N APPREH5SION IRREFRAGABLY1 ?AT HE IS A PASSIVE 9/RUM5T1 ACT$ UPON1 & ACT+ UPON O!R ?+S1 9 TURN1 & ?AT HE CAN NEV] DIS5GAGE HIMSELF FROM ! OP]ATION ( ! OMNIPOT5T LAWS ( PHYSICAL NATURE1 & ! IMPULSES ( O!R M5 ) :OM HE IS UNIT$ 9 ! TIES ( SOCIETY4 ,BUT NO SOON] DOES ?IS ACUTE & +5I\S REASON] COME 9TO ACTIVE LIFE & ! 9T]C\RSE ( HIS FELL[M51 ?AN ALL !SE F9E-DRAWN SPECULATIONS VANI% FROM HIS RECOLLECTION4 ,HE REG>DS HIMSELF & O!R M5 AS BE+S 5D[$ ) A LIB]TY ( ACTION1 AS POSSESS$ ( A PROP] 9ITIATIVE P[]1 & FREE TO DO A ?+ OR NOT TO DO IT1 )\T BE+ SUBJECT TO ! ABSOLUTE & IRRESI/IBLE CON/RA9T ( MOTIVES4 ,IT IS FROM ?IS 9T]NAL & 9DEFEASIBLE S5SE ( LIB]TY1 ?AT WE DRAW ALL \R MORAL 5]GIES & 5?USIASM1 ?AT WE P]SEV]E H]OICALLY 9 DEFIANCE ( OB/ACLES & DISC\RAGEM5TS1 ?AT WE PRAISE OR BLAME ! ACTIONS ( O!RS1 & ADMIRE ! ELEVAT$ VIRTUES ( ! BE/ ( \R CONTEMPOR>IES1 & ( ?OSE :OSE A*IEVEM5TS ADORN ! PAGE ( HI/ORY4 

,IT IS 9 A MANN] ( PRECISELY ! SAME SORT AS ?AT :I* PREVAILS 9 ! PHILOSOPHICAL DOCTR9ES ( LIB]TY & NECESSITY1 ?AT WE F9D \RSELVES IMPELL$ TO FEEL ON ! QUE/ION ( ! EXI/5CE ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE4 ,B]KELEY1 & AS MANY P]SONS AS >E P]SUAD$ BY HIS OR SIMIL> REASON+S1 FEEL SATISFI$ 9 SPECULATION ?AT !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS MATT] 9 ! S5SE 9 :I* IT IS UND]/OOD BY ! WRIT]S ON NATURAL PHILOSOPHY1 & ?AT ALL \R NOTIONS ( ! EXT]NAL & ACTUAL EXI/5CE ( ! TABLE1 ! *AIR1 & ! O!R MAT]IAL SUB/ANCES ) :I* WE CONCEIVE \RSELVES TO BE SURR\ND$1 ( WOODS1 & M\NTA9S1 & RIV]S1 & SEAS1 >E M]E PREJUDICE & MISCONCEPTION4 ,ALL ?IS IS V]Y WELL 9 ! CLOSET1 & AS LONG AS WE >E 9VOLV$ 9 M$ITATION1 & REMA9 AB/RACT$ FROM ACTION1 BUS9ESS1 & ! EX]TION ( \R LIMBS & CORPORAL FACULTIES4 ,BUT IT IS TOO F9E = ! REALITIES ( LIFE4 ,B]KELEY1 & ! MO/ /R5U\S & SPIRITUALIZ$ ( HIS FOLL[]S1 NO SOON] DESC5D FROM ! HI< T[] ( !IR SPECULATIONS1 SUBMIT TO ! NECESSITIES ( !IR NATURE1 & MIX 9 ! BUS9ESS ( ! WORLD1 ?AN !Y BECOME IMPELL$1 AS /RONGLY AS ! NECESS>IAN 9 ! QUE/ION ( ! LIB]TY ( HUMAN ACTIONS1 NOT ONLY TO ACT LIKE O!R M51 BUT EV5 TO FEEL JU/ 9 ! SAME MANN] AS IF !Y HAD NEV] BE5 ACQUA9T$ ) !SE AB/RACTIONS4 ,A TABLE !N BECOMES ABSOLUTELY A TABLE1 & A *AIR A *AIR3 !Y >E 0F$ ) ! SAME FOOD1 HURT BY ! SAME WEAPONS1 & W>M$ & COOL$ BY ! SAME SUMM] & W9T]10 AS O!R M53 & !Y MAKE USE ( ! REFRE%M5TS :I* NATURE REQUIRES1 ) AS TRUE AN OR?ODOXY1 & AS CR$UL\S A TEMP]1 AS HE :O WAS NEV] ASSAIL$ ) SU* REF9EM5TS4 ,NATURE IS TOO /RONG1 TO BE PREVAIL$ ON TO RETIRE1 & GIVE WAY TO ! AU?ORITY ( DEF9ITIONS & SYLLOGI/ICAL D$UCTION4 

,BUT1 :5 WE HAVE GRANT$ ALL ?IS1 IT IS H[EV] A MI/AKE TO SAY1 ?AT !SE 0SUBTLETIES ( HUMAN 9TELLECT >E ( LITTLE FUR!R USE1 ?AN TO AF=D AN AMUSEM5T TO P]SONS ( CURI\S SPECULATION#c40 ,WE HAVE SE51 9 ! CASE ( ! DOCTR9E ( PHILOSOPHICAL NECESSITY#d1 ?AT1 ?\< IT CAN NEV] =M A RULE = ! 9T]C\RSE BETWE5 MAN & MAN1 IT MAY NEV]!LESS BE TURN$ TO NO MEAN ADVANTAGE4 ,IT IS CALCULAT$ TO 9SPIRE US ) TEMP]ANCE & TOL]ATION4 ,IT T5DS IMPRESSIVELY TO EV9CE TO US1 ?AT ?IS SC5E ( ?+S IS BUT LIKE ! %AD[S :I* PASS BE=E US 9 A MAGIC LAN?ORN1 & ?AT1 AFT] ALL1 M5 >E BUT ! TOOLS1 NOT ! MA/]S1 ( !IR FATE4 ,IT CORRECTS ! ILLUSIONS ( LIFE1 MU* AFT] ! SAME MANN] AS ! SPECTATOR ( A PUPPET-%EW IS 5LI<T5$1 :O %\LD BE TAK5 )9 ! CURTA91 & %EWN H[ ! WIRES >E PULL$ BY ! MA/]1 :I* PRODUCE ALL ! TURMOIL & /RIFE ?AT BE=E RIVET$ \R ATT5TION4 ,IT IS GOOD = HIM :O W\LD >RIVE AT ALL ! IMPROVEM5T ( :I* \R NATURE IS CAPABLE1 AT ONE TIME TO TAKE HIS PLACE AMONG ! LIT]AL BEHOLD]S ( ! DRAMA1 & AT ANO!R TO GO BEH9D ! SC5ES1 & REM>K ! DECEPTIONS 9 !IR ORIG9AL ELEM5TS1 & ! ACTORS 9 !IR PROP] & NATURAL CO/UME4 

,&1 AS 9 ! QUE/ION ( ! LIB]TY ( HUMAN ACTIONS1 SO 9 ?AT ( ! REALITY ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE1 IT IS A PRIVILEGE NOT TO BE DESPIS$1 ?AT WE >E SO =M$ AS TO BE ABLE TO DISSECT ! SUBJECT ?AT IS SUBMITT$ TO \R EXAM9ATION1 & TO /RIP ! ELEM5TS ( :I* ?IS SUBLUN>Y SC5E IS COMPOS$1 ( ! DISGUISE 9 :I* !Y PRES5T !MSELVES TO ! VULG> SPECTATOR4 ,IT IS LITTLE1 AFT] ALL1 ?AT WE >E CAPABLE TO KN[2 & ! MAN ( H]OIC M9D & G5]\S 5T]PRISE1 WILL NOT REFUSE ! DISCOV]IES ?AT >E PLAC$ )9 HIS REA*4 ,! SUBTLETIES ( GRAMM> >E AS ! POR*1 :I* LEADS FROM ! KN[L$GE ( WORDS TO ! KN[L$GE ( ?+S4 ,! SUBTLETIES ( MA!MATICS DEFECATE ! GROSSNESS ( \R APPREH5SION1 & SUPPLY ! ELEM5TS ( A S\ND] & SEV]] LOGIC4 ,& 9 ! SAME MANN] ! FACULTY :I* REMOVES ! ILLUSIONS ( EXT]NAL APPE>ANCE1 & 5ABLES US TO 0LOOK 9TO ! SE$S ( TIME10 IS ONE :I* WE >E B\ND TO E/IMATE AT ITS G5U9E VALUE4 ,! MORE WE REF9E \R FACULTIES1 O!R ?+S EQUAL1 ! WIS] WE GR[3 WE >E ! MORE RAIS$ ABOVE ! ?ICKNESS ( ! ATMOSPH]E ?AT 5VELOPS \R FELL[-MORTALS1 & >E MADE P>TAK]S ( A NATURE SUP]HUMAN & DIV9E4 

,!RE IS A CURI\S QUE/ION ?AT HAS RIS5 \T ( ?IS PROPOSITION ( ,B]KELEY1 ( ! SUPPOS$ ILLUSION WE SUFF] 9 \R CONCEPTIONS ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE4 ,IT HAS BE5 SAID1 0,WELL !N1 ,I AM SATISFI$ ?AT ! *AIRS1 ! TABLES1 & ! O!R MAT]IAL SUB/ANCES ) :I* ,I CONCEIVE MYSELF TO BE SURR\ND$1 >E NOT :AT !Y APPE> TO BE1 BUT >E M]ELY AN ET]NAL *A9 ( ANTEC$5TS & CONSEQU5TS1 GO+ ON ACCORD+ TO :AT ,LEIBNITZ CALLS A 'PREE/ABLI%$ H>MONY1' & ?US FURNI%+ ! GR\ND ( ! SPECULATIONS :I* MORTALS *]I%1 & ! MOTIVES ( !IR PROCE$+4 ,BUT1 IF ?US1 9 ! ORD9>Y PROCESS ( HUMAN AFFAIRS1 WE BELIEVE 9 MATT]1 :5 9 REALITY !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS MATT]1 H[ %ALL WE PRON\NCE ( M9D1 & ! ?+S :I* HAPP5 TO US 9 \R SEEM+ 9T]C\RSE ) \R FELL[-M51 & 9 ! COMPLEXITIES ( LOVE & HATR$1 ( K9DR$ & FRI5D%IP1 ( B5EVOL5CE & MISAN?ROPY1 ( ROBB]Y & MURD]1 & ( ! :OLESALE MASSACRE ( ?\S&S ( HUMAN BE+S :I* >E RECORD$ 9 ! PAGE ( HI/ORY8 ,WE ABSOLUTELY KN[ NO?+ ( ! LIVES & ACTIONS ( O!RS BUT ?R\< ! M$IUM ( MAT]IAL IMPULSE4 ,&1 IF Y\ TAKE AWAY MATT]1 ! BODIES ( \R FELL[-M51 DOES IT NOT FOLL[ BY IRRESI/IBLE CONSEQU5CE ?AT ALL KN[L$GE ( !IR M9DS IS TAK5 AWAY ALSO8 ,AM NOT ,I !RE=E 7! P]SON 5GAG$ 9 READ+ ! PRES5T ,ESSAY7 ! ONLY BE+ 9 EXI/5CE1 AN 5TIRE UNIV]SE TO MYSELF80 

,C]TA9LY ?IS IS A V]Y DIFF]5T CONCLUSION FROM ANY ?AT ,B]KELEY EV] CONTEMPLAT$4 ,9 ! V]Y TITLE ( ! ,TREATISE 9 :I* HIS NOTIONS ON ?IS SUBJECT >E UNFOLD$1 HE PR(ESSES HIS PURPOSE TO BE TO REMOVE 0! GR\NDS ( SKEPTICISM1 A!ISM & IRRELIGION40 ,B]KELEY WAS A S9C]E ,*RI/IAN1 & A MAN ( ! MO/ +5U\S DISPOSITIONS4 ,POPE1 9 ! ,EPILOGUE TO HIS ,SATIRES1 DOES NOT HESITATE TO ASCRIBE TO HIM 0EV]Y VIRTUE UND] HEAV540 ,HE WAS = TW5TY YE>S A PRELATE ( ! ,PROTE/ANT *UR*4 ,&1 ?\< HIS P]SONAL S5TIM5TS W]E 9 ! HI<E/ DEGREE PHILAN?ROPICAL & AMIABLE1 YET1 9 HIS MO/ DIFFUSIVE PRODUCTION1 5TITL$ ,! ,M9UTE ,PHILOSOPH]1 HE TREATS 0?OSE :O >E CALL$ ,FREE ,?9K]S0 ) A SCORN & DISDA91 SC>CELY TO BE RECONCIL$ ) ! SPIRIT ( ,*RI/IAN MEEKNESS4 

,!RE >E EXAMPLES H[EV]1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! FIELDS ( CONTROV]SY1 :]E AN ADV5TUR\S SPECULATI/ HAS BE5 KN[N TO LAY D[N PREMISES & PR9CIPLES1 FROM :I* 9F]5CES MI<T BE FAIRLY D$UC$1 9COMPATIBLE ) ! OP9IONS 5T]TA9$ BY HIM :O DELIV]$ !M4 ,IT MAY !RE=E BE NO UNPR(ITABLE RESE>* TO 9QUIRE H[ F> ! CRE$ ( ! NONEXI/5CE ( MATT] IS TO BE REG>D$ AS 9 TRU? & REALITY C\NT5ANC+ ! 9F]5CE :I* HAS JU/ BE5 RECIT$4 

,! P]SONS !N1 :O REF9E ) ,B]KELEY UPON ! SY/EM ( ?+S SO F>1 AS TO D5Y ?AT !RE IS ANY SU* ?+ AS MATT] 9 ! S5SE 9 :I* IT IS UND]/OOD BY ! WRIT]S ON NATURAL PHILOSOPHY1 PROCE$ ON ! GR\ND ( AFFIRM+ ?AT WE HAVE NO REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ! CAUSES ( \R S5SATIONS HAVE AN EXPRESS RESEMBLANCE TO ! S5SATIONS !MSELVES#e4 ,?AT :I* GIVES US A S5SATION ( COLOR IS NOT ITSELF COLOR$3 & ! SAME MAY BE AFFIRM$ ( ! S5SATIONS ( HOT & COLD1 ( SWEET & BITT]1 & ( ODORS (F5SIVE OR O!RWISE4 ,! IMMAT]IALI/ PROCE$S TO SAY1 ?AT :AT WE CALL MATT] HAS BE5 /REWN TO BE SO EXCE$+LY POR\S1 ?AT1 = ANY ?+ WE KN[1 ALL ! SOLID P>TICLES 9 ! UNIV]SE MI<T BE CONTA9$ 9 A NUT%ELL1 ?AT !RE IS NO SU* ?+ 9 ! EXT]NAL WORLD AS ACTUAL CONTACT1 & ?AT NO TWO P>TICLES ( MATT] W]E EV] SO NE> TO EA* O!R1 BUT ?AT !Y MI<T BE BR\<T NE>]1 IF A SUFFICI5T =CE C\LD BE APPLI$ = ?AT PURPOSE4 ,FROM !SE PREMISES IT SEEMS TO FOLL[ ) SUFFICI5T EVID5CE1 ?AT ! CAUSES ( \R S5SATIONS1 SO F> AS ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE IS CONC]N$1 BE> NO EXPRESS RESEMBLANCE TO ! S5SATIONS !MSELVES4 

,H[ !N DOES ! QUE/ION /& ) RELATION TO M9D8 ,>E ?OSE P]SONS :O D5Y ! EXI/5CE ( MATT]1 R$UC$1 IF !Y W\LD BE CONSI/5T 9 !IR REASON+S1 TO D5Y1 EA* MAN = HIMSELF1 ?AT HE HAS ANY PROP] EVID5CE ( ! EXI/5CE ( O!R M9DS ?AN HIS [N8 

,HE D5IES1 :ILE HE HAS ! S5SATION ( COLOR1 ?AT !RE EXI/S COLOR \T ( HIMSELF1 UNLESS 9 ?9K+ & P]CIPI5T BE+S CON/ITUT$ 9 A MANN] SIMIL> TO ?AT 9 :I* HE IS CON/ITUT$4 ,& ! SAME ( ! S5SATIONS ( HOT & COLD1 SWEET & BITT]1 & ODORS (F5SIVE OR O!RWISE4 ,HE AFFIRMS1 :ILE HE HAS ! S5SATION ( L5G?1 BREAD? & ?ICKNESS1 ?AT !RE IS NO CONT9U\S SUB/ANCE \T ( HIMSELF1 POSSESS+ ! ATTRIBUTES ( L5G?1 BREAD? & ?ICKNESS 9 ANY WAY SIMIL> TO ! S5SATION ( :I* HE IS CONSCI\S4 ,HE PR(ESSES !RE=E ?AT HE HAS NO EVID5CE1 >IS+ FROM HIS OBS]VATION ( :AT WE CALL MATT]1 ( ! ACTUAL EXI/5CE ( A MAT]IAL WORLD4 ,HE LOOKS 9TO HIMSELF1 & ALL HE F9DS IS S5SATION2 BUT S5SATION CANNOT BE A PROP]TY ( 9]T MATT]4 ,!RE IS !RE=E NO ASSIGNABLE ANALOGY BETWE5 ! CAUSES ( HIS S5SATIONS1 :ATEV] !Y MAY BE1 & ! S5SATIONS !MSELVES2 & ! MAT]IAL WORLD1 SU* AS WE APPREH5D IT1 IS ! M]E CREATURE ( HIS [N M9D4 

,LET US NEXT CONSID] H[ ?IS QUE/ION /&S AS TO ! CONCEPTIONS HE 5T]TA9S RESPECT+ ! M9DS ( O!R M54 ,?AT :I* GIVES HIM ! S5SATION ( COLOR1 IS NOT ANY ?+ COLOR$ \T ( HIMSELF2 & ?AT :I* GIVES HIM ! S5SATION ( L5G?1 BREAD? & ?ICKNESS1 IS NOT ANY ?+ LONG1 BROAD & ?ICK 9 A MANN] CORRESPOND+ ) ! IMPRESSION HE RECEIVES4 ,!RE IS NO?+ 9 ! NATURE ( A P>ALLEL1 A TYPE & ITS >*ETYPE1 BETWE5 ?AT :I* IS )\T HIM & ?AT :I* IS )91 ! IMPRESS] & ! IMPRESSION4 ,?IS IS ! PO9T SUPPOS$ TO BE E/ABLI%$ BY ,LOCKE & ,NEWTON1 & BY ?OSE :O HAVE FOLL[$ ! REASON+S ( !SE PHILOSOPH]S 9TO !IR REMOTE/ CONSEQU5CES4 

,BUT ! CASE IS F> O!RWISE 9 ! IMPRESSIONS WE RECEIVE RESPECT+ ! M9DS ( O!R M54 ,9 COLOR IT HAS BE5 PROV$ BY !SE AU?ORS ?AT !RE IS NO EXPRESS CORRESPOND5CE & ANALOGY BETWE5 ! CAUSE ( ! S5SATION & ! S5SATION4 ,!Y >E NOT P>T & C\NT]P>T4 ,BUT 9 M9D !RE IS A PRECISE RESEMBLANCE & ANALOGY BETWE5 ! CONCEPTIONS WE >E L$ TO 5T]TA9 RESPECT+ O!R M51 & :AT WE KN[ ( \RSELVES4 ,I & MY ASSOCIATE1 OR FELL[-MAN1 >E LIKE TWO 9/RUM5TS ( MUSIC CON/RUCT$ UPON ! SAME MODEL4 ,WE HAVE EA* ( US1 SO TO SPEAK1 ! ?REE GREAT DIVISIONS ( S\ND1 BASE1 T5OR & TREBLE4 ,WE HAVE EA* ! SAME NUMB] ( KEYS1 CAPABLE ( BE+ /RUCK1 CONSECUTIVELY OR ) ALT]NATIONS1 AT ! WILL ( ! MA/]4 ,WE CAN UTT] ! SAME S\ND OR S]IES ( S\NDS1 OR S\NDS ( A DIFF]5T *>ACT]1 BUT :I* RESPOND TO EA* O!R4 ,MY NEI<BOR !RE=E BE+ ( ! SAME NATURE AS MYSELF1 :AT PASSES )9 ME MAY BE REG>D$ AS AM\NT+ TO A COMM&+ EVID5CE ?AT HE IS A REAL BE+1 HAV+ A PROP] & 9DEP5D5T EXI/5CE4 

,!RE IS FUR!R SOME?+ /ILL MORE IMPRESSIVE & IRRESI/IBLE 9 ! NOTICES ,I RECEIVE RESPECT+ ! M9DS ( O!R M54 ,! SKEPTICS :OSE REASON+S ,I AM H]E TAK+ 9TO CONSID]ATION1 ADMIT1 EA* MAN = HIMSELF1 ! REALITY ( HIS [N EXI/5CE4 ,!RE IS SU* A ?+ !RE=E AS HUMAN NATURE2 = HE IS A SPECIM5 ( IT4 ,N[ ! IDEA ( HUMAN NATURE1 OR ( MAN1 IS A V]Y COMPLEX ?+4 ,HE IS 9 ! FIR/ PLACE ! SUBJECT ( S5SIBLE IMPRESSIONS1 H[EV] !SE IMPRESSIONS >E COMMUNICAT$ TO HIM4 ,HE HAS ! FACULTIES ( ?9K+ & FEEL+4 ,HE IS SUBJECT TO ! LAW ( ! ASSOCIATION ( IDEAS1 OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 ANY ONE IDEA EXI/+ 9 HIS M9D HAS A T5D5CY TO CALL UP ! IDEAS ( O!R ?+S :I* HAVE BE5 CONNECT$ ) IT 9 HIS FIR/ EXP]I5CE4 ,HE HAS1 BE IT DELUSIVE OR O!RWISE1 ! S5SE ( LIB]TY ( ACTION4 

,BUT WE WILL GO /ILL FUR!R 9TO DETAIL AS TO ! NATURE ( MAN4 

,\R LIVES >E C>RI$ =W>D BY ! 9T]V5TION ( :AT WE CALL MEAT1 DR9K & SLEEP4 ,WE >E LIABLE TO ! ACCID5TS ( HEAL? & SICKNESS4 ,WE >E ALT]NATELY ! RECIPI5TS ( JOY & SORR[1 ( *E]FULNESS & MELAN*OLY4 ,\R PASSIONS >E EXCIT$ BY SIMIL> MEANS1 :E!R ( LOVE OR HATR$1 COMPLAC5CY OR 9DIGNATION1 SYMPA?Y OR RES5TM5T4 ,I C\LD FILL MANY PAGES ) A DESCRIPTION ( ! PROP]TIES OR ACCID5TS1 :I* BELONG TO MAN AS SU*1 OR TO :I* HE IS LIABLE4 

,N[ ) ALL !SE EA* MAN IS ACQUA9T$ 9 ! SPH]E ( HIS 9W>D EXP]I5CE1 :E!R HE IS A S+LE BE+ /&+ BY HIMSELF1 OR IS AN 9DIVIDUAL BELONG+ TO A NUM]\S SPECIES4 

,OBS]VE !N ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 MY ACQUA9TANCE ) ! PH5OM5A ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE1 & ) ! 9DIVIDUALS ( MY [N SPECIES4 ,! =M] SAY NO?+ TO ME2 !Y >E A S]IES ( EV5TS & NO MORE2 ,I CANNOT P5ETRATE 9TO !IR CAUSES2 ?AT :I* GIVES RISE TO MY S5SATIONS1 MAY OR MAY NOT BE SIMIL> TO ! S5SATIONS !MSELVES4 ,! FOLL[] ( ,B]KELEY OR ,NEWTON HAS SATISFI$ HIMSELF 9 ! NEGATIVE4 

,BUT ! CASE IS V]Y DIFF]5T 9 MY 9T]C\RSE ) MY FELL[-M54 ,AGREEABLY TO ! /ATEM5T ALREADY MADE ,I KN[ ! REALITY ( HUMAN NATURE2 = ,I FEEL ! P>TICUL>S ?AT CON/ITUTE IT )9 MYSELF4 ,! IMPRESSIONS ,I RECEIVE FROM ?AT 9T]C\RSE SAY SOME?+ TO ME2 = !Y TALK TO ME ( BE+S LIKE MYSELF4 ,MY [N EXI/5CE BECOMES MULTIPLI$ 9 9F9ITUM4 ,( ! POSSIBILITY ( MATT] ,I KN[ NO?+2 BUT ) ! POSSIBILITY ( M9D ,I AM ACQUA9T$2 = ,I AM MYSELF AN EXAMPLE4 ,I AM AMAZ$ AT ! CONSI/5CY & SY/EMATIC SUCCESSION ( ! PH5OM5A ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE2 ?\< ,I CANNOT P5ETRATE ! VEIL :I* PRES5TS ITSELF TO MY GROSS] S5SE1 NOR SEE EFFECTS 9 !IR CAUSES4 ,BUT ,I CAN SEE1 9 O!R WORDS1 ,I HAVE ! MO/ COG5T REASONS TO BELIEVE 91 ! CAUSES ( ! PH5OM5A ?AT OCCUR 9 MY APP>5T 9T]C\RSE ) MY FELL[-M54 ,:AT SOLUTION SO NATURAL1 AS ?AT !Y >E PRODUC$ BY BE+S LIKE MYSELF1 ! DUPLICATES1 ) C]TA9 V>IATIONS1 ( :AT ,I FEEL )9 ME8 

,! BELIEF 9 ! REALITY ( MATT] EXPLA9S NO?+4 ,SUPPOS+ IT TO EXI/1 IF ,NEWTON IS RI<T1 NO P>TICLE ( EXTRANE\S MATT] EV] T\*$ ! MATT] ( MY BODY2 & !RE=E IT IS NOT JU/ TO REG>D IT AS ! CAUSE ( MY S5SATIONS4 ,IT W\LD AM\NT TO NO MORE ?AN TWO SY/EMS GO+ ON AT ! SAME TIME BY A PREE/ABLI%$ H>MONY1 BUT TOTALLY 9DEP5D5T ( & DISJO9T$ FROM EA* O!R4 

,BUT ! BELIEF 9 ! EXI/5CE ( \R FELL[-M5 EXPLA9S MU*4 ,IT MAKES LEVEL BE=E US ! WOND] ( ! ME?OD ( !IR PROCE$+S1 & AF=DS AN OBVI\S REASON :Y !Y %\LD BE 9 SO MANY RESPECTS LIKE \R [N4 ,IF ,I DISMISS FROM MY CRE$ ! EXI/5CE ( 9]T MATT]1 ,I LOSE NO?+4 ,! PH5OM5A1 ! TRA9 ( ANTEC$5TS & CONSEQU5TS1 REMA9 AS BE=E2 & ?IS IS ALL ?AT ,I AM TRULY CONC]N$ )4 ,BUT TAKE AWAY ! EXI/5CE ( MY FELL[-M52 & Y\ R$UCE ALL ?AT IS1 & ALL ?AT ,I EXP]I5CE1 TO A S5SELESS MUMM]Y4 0,Y\ TAKE MY LIFE1 TAK+ ! ?+ :]EON ,I LIVE40 

,HUMAN NATURE1 & ! NATURE ( M9D1 >E TO US A !ME ( 5DLESS 9VE/IGATION4 0,! PROP] /UDY ( MANK9D IS MAN40 ,ALL ! SUBTLETY ( METAPHYSICS1 OR 7IF !RE BE M5 CAPTI\S & PREJUDIC$ 5\< TO DISLIKE ?AT T]M7 ! SCI5CE ( \RSELVES1 DEP5DS UPON IT4 ,! SCI5CE ( MORALS HANGS UPON ! ACTIONS ( M51 & ! EFFECTS !Y PRODUCE UPON \R BRO!R-M51 9 A N>R[] OR A WID] CIRCLE4 ,! 5DLESS1 & 9EXPRESSIBLY 9T]E/+1 ROLL ( HI/ORY RELIES = ITS MEAN+ & ITS SPIRIT UPON ! REALITY & SUB/ANCE ( ! SUBJECTS ( :I* IT TREATS4 ,POETRY1 & ALL ! WOND]S & 5DLESS V>IETIES ?AT IMAG9ATION CREATES1 HAVE ?IS = !IR SOLUTION & !IR S\L4 

,SYMPA?Y IS ! ONLY REALITY ( :I* WE >E SUSCEPTIBLE2 IT IS \R HE>T ( HE>TS3 &1 IF ! WORLD HAD BE5 0ONE 5TIRE & P]FECT *RYSOLITE10 )\T ?IS IT W\LD HAVE BE5 NO MORE ?AN ONE HEAP ( RUBBI%4 

,OBS]VE ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 :AT WE KN[ ( ! MAT]IAL WORLD1 & :AT ( ! 9TELLECTUAL4 ,! MAT]IAL GOES ON = EV] ACCORD+ TO C]TA9 LAWS ?AT ADMIT ( NO DISCRIM9ATION4 ,!Y PROCE$ UPON A FIR/ PR9CIPLE1 AN IMPULSE GIV5 !M FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ?+S4 ,!IR EFFECTS >E REGULAT$ BY SOME?+ ?AT WE CALL !IR NATURE3 FIRE BURNS2 WAT] SUFFOCATES2 ! SUB/ANCES >\ND US ?AT WE CALL SOLID1 DEP5D = !IR EFFECTS1 :5 PUT 9 MOTION1 UPON MOM5TUM & GRAVITY4 

,! PR9CIPLE ?AT REGULATES ! DEAD UNIV]SE1 0ACTS BY G5]AL1 NOT BY P>TIAL LAWS40 

,:5 ! LOOSE M\NTA9 TREMBLES FROM ON HI<1 

,%ALL GRAVITATION CEASE1 IF Y\ GO BY8 

,NO3 ! *A9 ( ANTEC$5TS & CONSEQU5TS PROCE$S 9 ?IS RESPECT = EV] ! SAME4 ,! LAWS ( :AT WE CALL ! MAT]IAL WORLD CONT9UE UNV>I$4 ,&1 :5 ! VA/ SY/EM ( ?+S WAS FIR/ SET 9 MOTION1 EV]Y ?+1 SO F> AS DEP5DS ON 9]T MATT]1 WAS DET]M9$ TO ! M9UTE/ P>TICLE1 EV5 TO ! 5D ( TIME4 

,! MAT]IAL WORLD1 OR ?AT TRA9 ( ANTEC$5TS & CONSEQU5TS :I* WE UND]/& BY ?AT T]M1 GOES ON = EV] 9 A TRA9 AGREEABLY TO ! IMPULSE PREVI\SLY GIV54 ,IT IS DEAF & 9EXORABLE4 ,IT IS UNMOV$ BY ! CONSID]ATION ( ANY ACCID5TS & MIS]IES ?AT MAY RESULT1 & UNALT]ABLE4 ,BUT MAN IS A S\RCE ( EV5TS ( A V]Y DIFF]5T NATURE4 ,HE LOOKS TO RESULTS1 & IS GOV]N$ BY VIEWS GR[+ \T ( ! CONTEMPLATION ( !M4 ,HE ACTS 9 A WAY DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSITE TO ! ACTION ( 9]T MATT]1 & 0TURNS1 & TURNS1 & TURNS AGA910 AT ! IMPULSE ( ! ?\<T ?AT /RIKES HIM1 ! APPETITE ?AT PROMPTS1 ! PASSIONS ?AT MOVE1 & ! EFFECTS ?AT HE ANTICIPATES4 ,IT IS !RE=E 9 A HI< DEGREE UNREASONABLE1 TO MAKE ?AT TRA9 ( 9F]5CES :I* MAY SATISFY US ON ! SUBJECT ( MAT]IAL PH5OM5A1 A /&>D ( :AT WE \<T TO ?9K RESPECT+ ! PH5OM5A ( M9D4 

,IT IS FUR!R WOR?Y ( \R NOTICE TO RECOLLECT1 ?AT ! SAME REASON+S :I* APPLY TO \R BRE?R5 ( MANK9D1 APPLY ALSO TO ! BRUTE CREATION4 ,!Y1 LIKE \RSELVES1 ACT FROM MOTIVES2 ?AT IS1 ! ELECTIONS !Y =M >E ADOPT$ BY !M = ! SAKE ( C]TA9 CONSEQU5CES !Y EXPECT TO SEE RESULT FROM !M4 ,:ATEV] BECOMES !RE=E ( ! PH5OM5A ( :AT WE CALL DEAD MATT]1 WE >E H]E PRES5T$ ) TRIBES ( BE+1 SUSCEPTIBLE ( PLEASURE & PA91 ( HOPE & FE>1 ( REG>D & RES5TM5T4 

,H[ BEAUTIFULLY DOES ?IS CONVICTION V>Y ! SC5E ( ?+S6 ,:AT A S\RCE TO US IS ! ANIMAL CREATION1 ( AMUSEM5T1 ( CURI\S OBS]VATIONS UPON ! IMPULSES ( 9F]IOR 9TELLECT1 ( ! EXHAU/LESS V>IETIES ( :AT WE CALL 9/9CT1 ( ! C>E WE CAN EX]CISE = !IR ACCOMMODATION & WELF>E1 & ( ! ATTA*M5T & AFFECTION WE W9 FROM !M 9 RETURN6 ,IF ,I TRAVEL ALONE ?R\< PA?LESS DES]TS1 IF ,I J\RNEY FROM ! RIS+ TO ! SETT+ SUN1 ) NO OBJECT >\ND ME BUT NATURE'S DESOLATION1 OR ! SUBLIME1 ! MAGNIFIC5T & ! EXUB]ANT SC5]Y %E OCCASIONALLY PRES5TS1 /ILL ,I HAVE ?AT NOBLE ANIMAL1 ! HORSE1 & MY FAI?FUL DOG1 ! COMPANIONS ( MY TOIL1 & ) :OM1 :5 MY SOLITUDE W\LD O!RWISE BECOME 9SUFF]ABLE1 ,I CAN HOLD COMMUNION1 & 5GAGE 9 DUMB DIALOGUES ( S5TIM5T & AFFECTION4 

,I HAVE HE>D ( A MAN1 :O1 TALK+ TO HIS FRI5D ON ! SUBJECT ( !SE SPECULATIONS1 SAID1 0,:AT !N1 >E Y\ SO POOR & PUSILLANIM\S A CREATURE1 ?AT Y\ C\LD NOT PRES]VE Y\R S]5ITY1 BE P]FECTLY COMPOS$ & CONT5T1 & HOLD ON Y\R WAY UNV>I$1 ?\< Y\ W]E CONV9C$ ?AT Y\ W]E ! ONLY REAL BE+ 9 EXI/5CE1 & ALL ! RE/ W]E M]E FANTASIES & %AD[S80 

,IF ,I HAD BE5 ! P]SON TO :OM ?IS SPEE* WAS ADDRESS$1 ,I %\LD HAVE FRANKLY ACKN[L$G$1 0,I AM ! POOR & PUSILLANIM\S CREATURE Y\ >E DISPOS$ TO REG>D ) SO MU* SCORN40 

,TO ADOPT ! S5T5TI\S LANGUAGE ( ! ,BIBLE1 0,IT IS NOT GOOD = MAN TO BE ALONE40 ,ALL \R FACULTIES & ATTRIBUTES BE> RELATION TO1 & TALK TO US (1 O!R BE+S LIKE \RSELVES4 ,WE MI<T 9DE$ EAT1 DR9K & SLEEP1 ?AT IS1 SUBMIT TO ?OSE NECESSITIES :I* WE SO D5OM9ATE1 )\T ?9K+ ( ANY ?+ BEYOND \RSELVES2 = !SE >E ! DEM&S ( \R NATURE1 & WE KN[ ?AT WE CANNOT SUBSI/ )\T !M4 ,WE MI<T MAKE USE ( ! ALT]NATE CONDITIONS ( EX]CISE & REPOSE4 

,BUT ! LIFE ( \R LIVES W\LD BE GONE4 ,AS F> AS WE BORE 9 M9D ! CRE$ WE HAD ADOPT$1 ( \R S+LE EXI/5CE1 WE C\LD NEI!R LOVE NOR HATE4 ,SYMPA?Y W\LD BE A SOLEMN MOCK]Y4 ,WE C\LD NOT COMMUNICATE2 = ! BE+ TO :OM \R COMMUNICATION WAS ADDRESS$ WE W]E SATISFI$ WAS A NON-5TITY4 ,WE C\LD NOT ANTICIPATE ! PLEASURE OR PA91 ! JOY OR SORR[1 ( ANO!R2 = ?AT O!R HAD NO EXI/5CE4 ,WE %\LD BE 9 A WORSE CONDITION ?AN ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE 9 ! DESOLATE ISL&2 = HE BELIEV$ 9 ! EXI/5CE ( O!R M51 & HOP$ & TRU/$ ?AT HE %\LD ONE DAY AGA9 5T] 9TO HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,WE %\LD BE 9 A WORSE CONDITION ?AN ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE2 = HE AT LEA/ WAS UNANNOY$ 9 HIS SOLITUDE2 :ILE WE >E P]PETUALLY & P] =CE 9TRUD$ ON1 LIKE A DELIRI\S MAN1 BY VISIONS :I* WE KN[ TO BE UNREAL1 BUT :I* WE >E D5I$ ! P[] TO DELIV] \RSELVES FROM4 ,WE HAVE NO MOTIVE TO ANY ( ! GREAT & C>D9AL FUNCTIONS ( HUMAN LIFE2 = !RE IS NO ONE 9 BE+1 ?AT WE CAN B5EFIT1 OR ?AT WE CAN AFFECT4 ,/UDY IS NO?+ TO US2 = WE HAVE NO USE = IT4 ,EV5 SCI5CE IS UNSATISFACTORY2 UNLESS WE CAN COMMUNICATE IT BY WORD OR WRIT+1 CAN CONV]SE UPON IT1 & COMP>E NOTES ) \R NEI<BOR4 ,HI/ORY IS NO?+2 = !RE W]E NO ,GREEKS & NO ,ROMANS2 NO FREEM5 & NO SLAVES2 NO K+S & NO SUBJECTS2 NO DESPOTS1 NOR VICTIMS ( !IR TYRANNY2 NO REPUBLICS1 NOR /ATES IMM]G$ 9 BRUTAL & IGNOM9I\S S]VITUDE4 ,LIFE MU/ BE 9EVITABLY A BURD5 TO US1 A DRE>Y1 UNV>I$1 MOTIVELESS EXI/5CE2 & DEA? MU/ BE WELCOM$1 AS ! MO/ DESIRABLE BLESS+ ?AT CAN VISIT US4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE 9DE$ ?AT WE %\LD ALWAYS RECOLLECT ?IS \R1 BY SUPPOSITION1 REAL SITUATION2 BUT1 AS (T5 AS WE DID1 IT W\LD COME OV] US LIKE A BLI<T1 WI!R+ ALL ! PROSPECTS ( \R 9DU/RY1 OR LIKE A SCIROCCO1 UNBRAC+ ! N]VES ( \R FRAME1 & CONSIGN+ US TO ! MO/ PITIABLE DEPRESSION4 

,?US F> ,I HAVE ALL[$ MYSELF TO FOLL[ ! REF9EM5TS ( ?OSE :O PR(ESS TO D5Y ! EXI/5CE ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE4 ,BUT IT IS SATISFACTORY TO COME BACK TO ?AT P]SUASION1 :I*1 FROM :ATEV] CAUSE IT IS D]IV$1 IS 9CORPORAT$ ) \R V]Y EXI/5CE1 & CAN NEV] BE %AK5 (F BY US4 ,\R S5SES >E TOO P[]FUL 9 !IR OP]ATION1 = IT TO BE POSSIBLE = US TO DISC>D !M1 & TO TAKE AS !IR SUB/ITUTE1 9 ACTIVE LIFE1 & 9 ! E>NE/NESS ( PURSUIT1 ! D$UCTIONS ( \R LOGICAL FACULTY1 H[EV] WELL KNIT & IRRESI/IBLE WE MAY APPREH5D !M TO BE4 ,SPECULATION & COMMON S5SE >E AT W> ON ?IS PO9T2 & H[EV] WE MAY 0?9K ) ! LE>N$10 & FOLL[ ! AB/RUS5ESSES ( ! PHILOSOPH]1 9 ! SEQUE/]$ H\R ( \R M$ITATION1 WE MU/ ALWAYS ACT1 & EV5 FEEL1 0) ! VULG>10 :5 WE COME ABROAD 9TO ! WORLD4 

,IT IS H[EV] NO SMALL GRATIFICATION TO ! MAN ( SOB] M9D1 ?AT1 FROM :AT HAS H]E BE5 ALLEG$1 IT SEEMS TO FOLL[1 ?AT UNTUTOR$ M9D1 & ! SEV]E/ D$UCTIONS ( PHILOSOPHY1 AGREE 9 ?AT MO/ 9T]E/+ ( \R CONC]NS1 \R 9T]C\RSE ) \R FELL[-CREATURES4 ,! 9EXORABLE REASON]1 REF9+ ON ! REPORTS ( S5SE1 MAY DISPOSE1 AS HE PLEASES1 ( ! *AIR1 ! TABLE1 & ! SO CALL$ MAT]IAL SUB/ANCES >\ND HIM4 ,HE MAY 9CLUDE ! :OLE SOLID MATT] ( ! UNIV]SE 9 A NUT%ELL1 OR LESS ?AN A NUT%ELL4 ,BUT HE CANNOT DEPRIVE ME ( ?AT GREATE/ ( ALL CONSOLATIONS1 ! SU/A9+ PILL> ( MY EXI/5CE1 0! CORDIAL DROP ,HEAV5 9 \R CUP HAS ?R[N10--! 9T]C\RSE ( MY FELL[-CREATURES4 ,:5 WE READ HI/ORY1 ! SUBJECTS ( :I* WE READ >E REALITIES2 !Y DO NOT 0COME LIKE %AD[S1 SO DEP>T20 !Y LOV$ & ACT$ 9 SOB] E>NE/2 !Y SOMETIMES P]PETRAT$ CRIMES2 BUT !Y SOMETIMES ALSO A*IEV$ ILLU/RI\S DE$S1 :I* ANGELS MI<T LOOK D[N FROM !IR EXALT$ ABODES & ADMIRE4 ,WE >E NOT DELUD$ ) MOCK]IES4 ,! WOMAN ,I LOVE1 & ! MAN TO :OM ,I SWE> ET]NAL FRI5D%IP1 >E AS MU* REALITIES AS MYSELF4 ,IF ,I RELIEVE ! POOR1 & ASSI/ ! PROGRESS ( G5IUS & VIRTU\S DESIGNS /RUGGL+ ) FE>FUL DISC\RAGEM5TS1 ,I DO SOME?+ UPON ! SUCCESS ( :I* ,I MAY SAFELY CONGRATULATE MYSELF4 ,IF ,I DEVOTE MY 5]GIES TO 5LI<T5 MY FELL[-CREATURES1 TO DETECT ! WEAK PLACES 9 \R SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 TO PLEAD ! CAUSE ( LIB]TY1 & TO 9VITE O!RS TO 5GAGE 9 NOBLE ACTIONS & UNITE 9 EFFECT+ ! MO/ SOLID & UNQUE/IONABLE IMPROVEM5TS1 ,I ]ECT TO MY NAME AN ET]NAL MONUM5T2 OR ,I DO SOME?+ BETT] ?AN ?IS1--SECURE 9E/IMABLE ADVANTAGE TO ! LATE/ PO/]ITY1 ! B5EFIT ( :I* !Y %ALL 5JOY1 LONG AFT] ! V]Y NAME ( ! AU?OR %ALL1 ) A ?\S& O!R ?+S GREAT & SMALL1 HAVE BE5 SWALL[$ UP 9 ! GULF ( 9SATIABLE OBLIVION4 

,F,O,O,T,N,O,T,E,S 

#a ,SEE ABOVE1 ,ESSAY ,X,X,I4 

#b ,SEE ABOVE1 ,ESSAY ,X,X,I4 

#c ,SEE ABOVE1 ,ESSAY ,X,X,I,I4 

#d ,SEE ABOVE1 ,ESSAY ,X,I,I4 

#e ,SEE ABOVE1 ,ESSAY ,X,X,I4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahc 3 ,*APT] #bb -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #bb -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/