,TIME & ITS ,DISCONT5TS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN 

,TEXT 3 

,! DIM5SION ( TIME SEEMS TO BE ATTRACT+ GREAT NOTICE1 TO JUDGE FROM ! NUMB] ( REC5T MOVIES ?AT FOCUS ON IT1 SU* AS ,BACK TO ! ,FUTURE1 ,T]M9ATOR1 ,PEGGY ,SUE ,GOT ,M>RI$1 ETC4 ,/EPH5 ,HAWK+'S ,A ,BRIEF ,HI/ORY ( ,TIME 7#a#i#h#i7 WAS A BE/-SELL] & BECAME1 EV5 MORE SURPRIS+LY1 A POPUL> FILM4 ,REM>KABLE1 9 ADDITION TO ! NUMB] ( BOOKS ?AT DEAL ) TIME1 >E ! L>G] NUMB] :I* DON'T1 REALLY1 BUT :I* FEATURE ! WORD 9 !IR TITLES NONE!LESS1 SU* AS ,VIRG9IA ,SPATE'S ,! ,COLOR ( ,TIME3 ,CLAUDE ,MONET 7#a#i#i#b74 ,SU* REF]5CES HAVE TO DO1 ALBEIT 9DIRECTLY1 ) ! SUDD51 PANICKY AW>5ESS ( TIME1 ! FRI<T5+ S5SE ( \R BE+ TI$ TO IT4 ,TIME IS 9CREAS+LY A KEY MANIFE/ATION ( ! E/RANGEM5T & HUMILIATION ?AT *>ACT]IZE MOD]N EXI/5CE4 ,IT ILLUM9ATES ! 5TIRE1 DE=M$ L&SCAPE & WILL DO SO EV] MORE H>%LY UNTIL ?IS L&SCAPE & ALL ! =CES ?AT %APE IT >E *ANG$ BEYOND RECOGNIZ+4 

,?IS CONTRIBUTION TO ! SUBJECT HAS LITTLE TO DO ) TIME'S FASC9ATION = FILM-MAK]S OR ,T,V PRODUC]S1 OR ) ! CURR5T ACADEMIC 9T]E/ 9 GEOLOGIC CONCEPTIONS ( TIME1 ! HI/ORY ( CLOCK TE*NOLOGY & ! SOCIOLOGY ( TIME1 OR ) P]SONAL OBS]VATIONS & C\NSELS ON ITS USE4 ,NEI!R ASPECTS NOR EXCESSES ( TIME DES]VE AS MU* ATT5TION AS TIME'S 9N] MEAN+ & LOGIC4 ,= DESPITE ! FACT ?AT TIME'S P]PLEX+ *>ACT] HAS BECOME1 9 ,JOHN ,MI*ON'S E/IMATION1 0ALMO/ AN 9TELLECTUAL OBSESSION0 7#a#i#h#h71 SOCIETY IS PLA9LY 9CAPABLE ( DEAL+ ) IT4 

,) TIME WE CONFRONT A PHILOSOPHICAL 5IGMA1 A PSY*OLOGICAL MY/]Y1 & A PUZZLE ( LOGIC4 ,NOT SURPRIS+LY1 CONSID]+ ! MASSIVE REIFICATION 9VOLV$1 SOME HAVE D\BT$ ITS EXI/5CE S9CE HUMANITY BEGAN DI/+UI%+ 0TIME ITSELF0 FROM VISIBLE & TANGIBLE *ANGES 9 ! WORLD4 ,AS ,MI*AEL ,5DE 7#a#i#h#d7 PUT IT3 0,!RE IS 9 ! WORLD A GREAT & YET ORD9>Y SECRET4 ,ALL ( US >E P>T ( IT1 EV]YONE IS AW>E ( IT1 BUT V]Y FEW EV] ?9K ( IT4 ,MO/ ( US JU/ ACCEPT IT & NEV] WOND] OV] IT4 ,?IS SECRET IS TIME40 

,JU/ :AT IS 0TIME08 ,SP5GL] DECL>$ ?AT NO ONE %\LD BE ALL[$ TO ASK4 ,! PHYSICI/ ,RI*>D ,FEYNMAN 7#a#i#h#h7 ANSW]$1 0,DON'T EV5 ASK ME4 ,IT'S JU/ TOO H>D TO ?9K AB\T40 ,EMPIRICALLY AS MU* AS 9 !ORY1 ! LABORATORY IS P[]LESS TO REVEAL ! FL[ ( TIME1 S9CE NO 9/RUM5T EXI/S ?AT CAN REGI/] ITS PASSAGE4 ,BUT :Y DO WE HAVE SU* A /RONG S5SE ?AT TIME DOES PASS1 9ELUCTABLY & 9 ONE P>TICUL> DIRECTION1 IF IT REALLY DOESN'T8 ,:Y DOES ?IS 0ILLUSION0 HAVE SU* A HOLD OV] US8 ,WE MI<T JU/ AS WELL ASK :Y ALI5ATION HAS SU* A HOLD OV] US4 ,! PASSAGE ( TIME IS 9TIMATELY FAMILI>1 ! CONCEPT ( TIME MOCK+LY ELUSIVE2 :Y %\LD ?IS APPE> BIZ>RE1 9 A WORLD :OSE SURVIVAL DEP5DS ON ! MY/IFICATION ( ITS MO/ BASIC CATEGORIES8 

,WE HAVE GONE ALONG ) ! SUB/ANTIATION ( TIME SO ?AT IT SEEMS A FACT ( NATURE1 A P[] EXI/+ 9 ITS [N RI<T4 ,! GR[? ( A S5SE ( TIME--! ACCEPTANCE ( TIME--IS A PROCESS ( ADAPTATION TO AN EV] MORE REIFI$ WORLD4 ,IT IS A CON/RUCT$ DIM5SION1 ! MO/ ELEM5TAL ASPECT ( CULTURE4 ,TIME'S 9EXORABLE NATURE PROVIDES ! ULTIMATE MODEL ( DOM9ATION4 

,! FUR!R WE GO 9 TIME ! WORSE IT GETS4 ,WE 9HABIT AN AGE ( ! DIS9TEGRATION ( EXP]I5CE1 ACCORD+ TO ,ADORNO4 ,! PRESSURE ( TIME1 LIKE ?AT ( ITS ESS5TIAL PROG5ITOR1 DIVISION ( LABOR1 FRAGM5TS & DISP]SES ALL BE=E IT4 ,UNI=MITY1 EQUIVAL5CE1 SEP>ATION >E BYPRODUCTS ( TIME'S H>% =CE4 ,! 9TR9SIC BEAUTY & MEAN+ ( ?AT FRAGM5T ( ! WORLD ?AT IS NOT-YET-CULTURE MOVES /EADILY T[>D ANNIHILATION UND] A S+LE CULTURES-WIDE CLOCK4 ,PAUL ,RICOEUR'S ASS]TION 7#a#i#h#e7 ?AT 0WE >E NOT CAPABLE ( PRODUC+ A CONCEPT ( TIME ?AT IS AT ONCE COSMOLOGICAL1 BIOLOGICAL1 HI/ORICAL & 9DIVIDUAL10 FAILS TO NOTICE H[ !Y >E CONV]G+4 

,CONC]N+ ?IS 0FICTION0 ?AT UPHOLDS & ACCOMPANIES ALL ! =MS ( IMPRISONM5T1 0! WORLD IS FILL$ ) PROPAG&A ALLEG+ ITS EXI/5CE10 AS ,B]N>D ,A>ONSON 7#a#i#g#b7 PUT IT SO WELL4 0,ALL AW>5ESS10 WROTE ! POET ,D5ISE ,LEV]TOV 7#a#i#g#d71 0IS AN AW>5ESS ( TIME10 %[+ JU/ H[ DEEPLY ALI5AT$ WE >E 9 TIME4 ,WE HAVE BECOME REGIM5T$ UND] ITS EMPIRE1 AS TIME & ALI5ATION CONT9UE TO DEEP5 !IR 9TRUSION1 !IR DEBASEM5T ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 0,DOES ?IS MEAN10 AS ,DAVID ,C>R 7#a#i#h#h7 ASKS1 0?AT ! '/RUGGLE' ( EXI/5CE IS TO OV]COME TIME ITSELF80 ,IT MAY BE ?AT EXACTLY ?IS IS ! LA/ 5EMY TO BE OV]COME4 

,9 COM+ TO GRIPS ) ?IS UBIQUIT\S YET PHANTOM ADV]S>Y1 IT IS SOME:AT EASI] TO SAY :AT TIME IS NOT4 ,IT IS NOT SYNONYM\S1 = FAIRLY OBVI\S REASONS1 ) *ANGE4 ,NOR IS IT SEQU5CE1 OR ORD] ( SUCCESSION4 ,PAVLOV'S DOG1 = 9/ANCE1 MU/ HAVE LE>N$ ?AT ! S\ND ( ! BELL WAS FOLL[$ BY FE$+2 H[ ELSE C\LD IT HAVE BE5 CONDITION$ TO SALIVATE AT ?AT S\ND8 ,BUT DOGS DO NOT POSSESS TIME CONSCI\SNESS1 SO BE=E & AFT] CANNOT BE SAID TO CON/ITUTE TIME4 

,SOME:AT RELAT$ >E 9ADEQUATE ATTEMPTS TO ACC\NT = \R ALL BUT 9ESCAPABLE S5SE ( TIME4 ,! NEUROLOGI/ ,GOODDY 7#a#i#h#h71 RA!R ALONG ! L9ES ( ,KANT1 DESCRIBES IT AS ONE ( \R 0SUBCONSCI\S ASSUMPTIONS AB\T ! WORLD40 ,SOME HAVE DESCRIB$ IT1 NO MORE HELPFULLY1 AS A PRODUCT ( ! IMAG9ATION1 & ! PHILOSOPH] ,J4,J4,C4 ,SM>T 7#a#i#h7 DECID$ ?AT IT IS A FEEL+ ?AT 0>ISES \T ( METAPHYSICAL CONFUSION40 ,MC,TAGG>T 7#a#i#h71 ,F4,H4 ,BRADLEY 7#a#i#c71 & ,DUMMETT 7#a#i#g#h7 HAVE BE5 AMONG #b? C5TURY ?9K]S :O HAVE DECID$ AGA9/ ! EXI/5CE ( TIME BECAUSE ( ITS LOGICALLY CONTRADICTORY FEATURES1 BUT IT SEEMS FAIRLY PLA9 ?AT ! PRES5CE ( TIME HAS F> DEEP] CAUSES ?AN M]E M5TAL CONFUSION4 

,!RE IS NO?+ EV5 REMOTELY SIMIL> TO TIME4 ,IT IS AS UNNATURAL & YET AS UNIV]SAL AS ALI5ATION4 ,*ACALOS 7#a#i#h#h7 PO9TS \T ?AT ! PRES5T IS A NOTION JU/ AS PUZZL+ & 9TRACTABLE AS TIME ITSELF4 ,:AT IS ! PRES5T8 ,WE KN[ ?AT IT IS ALWAYS N[2 ONE IS CONF9$ TO IT1 9 AN IMPORTANT S5SE1 & CAN EXP]I5CE NO O!R 0P>T0 ( TIME4 ,WE SPEAK CONFID5TLY ( O!R P>TS1 H[EV]1 :I* WE CALL 0PA/0 & 0FUTURE40 ,BUT :]EAS ?+S ?AT EXI/ 9 SPACE ELSE:]E ?AN H]E CONT9UE TO EXI/1 ?+S ?AT DON'T EXI/ N[1 AS ,SKL> 7#a#i#i#b7 OBS]VES1 DON'T REALLY EXI/ AT ALL4 

,TIME NECESS>ILY FL[S2 )\T ITS PASSAGE !RE W\LD BE NO S5SE ( TIME4 ,:ATEV] FL[S1 ?\<1 FL[S ) RESPECT TO TIME4 ,TIME !RE=E FL[S ) RESPECT TO ITSELF1 :I* IS MEAN+LESS [+ TO ! FACT ?AT NO?+ CAN FL[ ) RESPECT TO ITSELF4 ,NO VOCABUL>Y IS AVAILABLE = ! AB/RACT EXPLICATION ( TIME AP>T FROM A VOCABUL>Y 9 :I* TIME IS ALREADY PRESUPPOS$4 ,:AT IS NECESS>Y IS TO PUT ALL ! GIV5S 9TO QUE/ION4 ,METAPHYSICS1 ) A N>R[NESS ?AT DIVISION ( LABOR HAS IMPOS$ FROM ITS 9CEPTION1 IS TOO N>R[ = SU* A TASK4 

,:AT CAUSES TIME TO FL[1 :AT IS IT ?AT MOVES IT T[>D ! FUTURE8 ,:ATEV] IT IS1 IT MU/ BE BEYOND \R TIME1 DEEP] & MORE P[]FUL4 ,IT MU/ DEP5D AS ,CONLY 7#a#i#g#e7 HAD IT1 0UPON ELEM5TAL =CES :I* >E CONT9UALLY 9 OP]ATION40 

,WILLIAM ,SPANOS 7#a#i#h#g7 HAS NOT$ ?AT C]TA9 ,LAT9 WORDS = CULTURE NOT ONLY SIGNIFY AGRICULTURE OR DOME/ICATION1 BUT >E TRANSLATIONS FROM ,GREEK T]MS = ! SPATIAL IMAGE ( TIME4 ,WE >E1 AT BASE1 0TIME-B9D]S01 9 ,ALFR$ ,KORZYBSKI'S LEXICON 7#a#i#d#h72 ! SPECIES1 DUE TO ?IS *>ACT]I/IC1 CREATES A SYMBOLIC CLASS ( LIFE1 AN >TIFICIAL WORLD4 ,TIME-B9D+ REVEALS ITSELF 9 AN 05ORM\S 9CREASE 9 ! CONTROL OV] NATURE40 ,TIME BECOMES REAL BECAUSE IT HAS CONSEQU5CES1 & ?IS EFFICACY HAS NEV] BE5 MORE PA9FULLY APP>5T4 

,LIFE1 9 ITS B>E/ \TL9E1 IS SAID TO BE A J\RNEY ?R\< TIME2 ?AT IT IS A J\RNEY ?R\< ALI5ATION IS ! MO/ PUBLIC ( SECRETS4 0,NO CLOCK /RIKES = ! HAPPY ONE10 SAYS A ,G]MAN PROV]B4 ,PASS+ TIME1 ONCE MEAN+LESS1 IS N[ ! 9ESCAPABLE BEAT1 RE/RICT+ & CO]C+ US1 MIRROR+ BL9D AU?ORITY ITSELF4 ,GUYAU 7#a#h#i7 DET]M9$ ! FL[ ( TIME TO BE 0! DI/9CTION BETWE5 :AT ONE NE$S & :AT ONE HAS10 & !RE=E 0! 9CIPI5CE ( REGRET40 ,C>PE DIEM1 ! MAXIM C\NSELS1 BUT CIVILIZATION =CES US ALWAYS TO MORTGAGE ! PRES5T TO ! FUTURE4 

,TIME AIMS CONT9UALLY T[>D GREAT] /RICTNESS ( REGUL>ITY & UNIV]SALITY4 ,CAPITAL'S TE*NOLOGICAL WORLD *>TS ITS PROGRESS BY ?IS1 C\LD NOT EXI/ 9 ITS ABS5CE4 0,! IMPORTANCE ( TIME10 WROTE ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL 7#a#i#b#i71 LIES 0RA!R 9 RELATION TO \R DESIRES ?AN 9 RELATION TO TRU?40 ,!RE IS A LONG+ ?AT IS AS PALPABLE AS TIME HAS BECOME4 ,! D5IAL ( DESIRE CAN BE GAUG$ NO MORE DEF9ITIVELY ?AN VIA ! VA/ CON/RUCT WE CALL TIME4 

,TIME1 LIKE TE*NOLOGY1 IS NEV] NEUTRAL2 IT IS1 AS ,CA/ORIADIS 7#a#i#i#a7 RI<TLY JUDG$1 0ALWAYS 5D[$ ) MEAN+40 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT COMM5TATORS LIKE ,ELLUL HAVE SAID AB\T TE*NOLOGY1 9 FACT1 APPLIES TO TIME1 & MORE DEEPLY4 ,BO? CONDITIONS >E P]VASIVE1 OMNIPRES5T1 BASIC1 & 9 G5]AL AS TAK5 = GRANT$ AS ALI5ATION ITSELF4 ,TIME1 LIKE TE*NOLOGY1 IS NOT ONLY A DET]M9+ FACT BUT ALSO ! 5VELOP+ ELEM5T 9 :I* DIVID$ SOCIETY DEVELOPS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 IT DEM&S ?AT ITS SUBJECTS BE PA9/AK+1 0REALI/IC01 S]I\S1 & ABOVE ALL1 DEVOT$ TO WORK4 ,IT IS AUTONOM\S 9 ITS OV]ALL ASPECT1 LIKE TE*NOLOGY2 IT GOES ON =EV] ( ITS [N ACCORD4 

,BUT LIKE DIVISION ( LABOR1 :I* /&S BEH9D & SETS 9 MOTION TIME & TE*NOLOGY1 IT IS1 AFT] ALL1 A SOCIALLY LE>N$ PH5OM5ON4 ,HUMANS1 & ! RE/ ( ! WORLD1 >E SYN*RONIZ$ TO TIME & ITS TE*NICAL EMBODIM5T1 RA!R ?AN ! REV]SE4 ,C5TRAL TO ?IS DIM5SION--AS IT IS TO ALI5ATION P] SE--IS ! FEEL+ ( BE+ A HELPLESS SPECTATOR4 ,EV]Y REBEL1 IT FOLL[S1 ALSO REBELS AGA9/ TIME & ITS REL5TLESSNESS4 ,R$EMPTION MU/ 9VOLVE1 9 A V]Y FUNDAM5TAL S5SE1 R$EMPTION FROM TIME4 

,TIME & ! ,SYMBOLIC ,WORLD 

0,TIME IS ! ACCID5T ( ACCID5TS10 ACCORD+ TO ,EPICURUS4 ,UPON CLOS] EXAM9ATION1 H[EV]1 ITS G5ESIS APPE>S LESS MY/]I\S4 ,IT HAS OCCURR$ TO MANY1 9 FACT1 ?AT NOTIONS SU* AS 0! PA/10 0! PRES5T10 & 0! FUTURE0 >E MORE L+UI/IC ?AN ACTUAL OR PHYSICAL4 ,! NEO-,FREUDIAN !ORI/ ,LACAN1 = EXAMPLE1 DECID$ ?AT ! TIME EXP]I5CE IS ESS5TIALLY AN EFFECT ( LANGUAGE4 ,A P]SON ) NO LANGUAGE W\LD LIKELY HAVE NO S5SE ( ! PASSAGE ( TIME4 ,R4,A4 ,WILSON 7#a#i#h71 MOV+ MU* CLOS] TO ! PO9T1 SUGGE/$ ?AT LANGUAGE WAS 9ITIAT$ BY ! NE$ TO EXPRESS SYMBOLIC TIME4 ,GOSSE? 7#a#i#g#b7 >GU$ ?AT ! SY/EM ( T5SES F\ND 9 ,9DO-,EUROPEAN LANGUAGES DEVELOP$ ALONG ) CONSCI\SNESS ( A UNIV]SAL OR AB/RACT TIME4 ,TIME & LANGUAGE >E COT]M9\S1 DECID$ ,D]RIDA 7#a#i#h#b73 0TO BE 9 ! ONE IS TO BE 9 ! O!R40 ,TIME IS A SYMBOLIC CON/RUCT IMM$IATELY PRIOR1 RELATIVELY SPEAK+1 TO ALL ! O!RS & :I* REQUIRES LANGUAGE = ITS ACTUALIZATION4 

,PAUL ,VAL1RY 7#a#i#f#b7 REF]R$ TO ! FALL ( ! SPECIES 9TO TIME AS SIGNAL+ ALI5ATION FROM NATURE2 0BY A SORT ( ABUSE1 MAN CREATES TIME10 HE WROTE4 ,9 ! TIMELESS EPO* BE=E ?IS FALL1 :I* CON/ITUT$ ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( \R EXI/5CE AS HUMANS1 LIFE1 AS HAS (T5 BE5 SAID1 HAD A RHY?M BUT NOT A PROGRESSION4 ,IT WAS ! /ATE :5 ! S\L C\LD 0GA!R 9 ! :OLE ( ITS BE+10 9 ,R\SSEAU'S WORDS1 9 ! ABS5CE ( TEMPORAL /RICTURES1 0:]E TIME IS NO?+ TO ! S\L40 ,ACTIVITIES !MSELVES1 USUALLY ( A LEISURELY *>ACT]1 W]E ! PO9TS ( REF]5CE BE=E TIME & CIVILIZATION2 NATURE PROVID$ ! NECESS>Y SIGNALS1 QUITE 9DEP5D5T ( 0TIME04 ,HUMANITY MU/ HAVE BE5 CONSCI\S ( MEMORIES & PURPOSES LONG BE=E ANY EXPLICIT DI/9CTIONS W]E DRAWN AMONG PA/1 PRES5T1 & FUTURE 7,FRAS]1 #a#i#h#h74 ,FUR!RMORE1 AS ! L+UI/ ,:ORF 7#a#i#e#f7 E/IMAT$1 0PRELIT]ATE .<'PRIMITIVE'.> COMMUNITIES1 F> FROM BE+ SUBRATIONAL1 MAY %[ ! HUMAN M9D FUNCTION+ ON A HI<] & MORE COMPLEX PLANE ( RATIONALITY ?AN AMONG CIVILIZ$ M540 

,! L>GELY HIDD5 KEY TO ! SYMBOLIC WORLD IS TIME2 9DE$ IT IS AT ! ORIG9 ( HUMAN SYMBOLIC ACTIVITY4 ,TIME ?US OCCASIONS ! FIR/ ALI5ATION1 ! R\TE AWAY FROM ABORIG9AL RI*NESS & :OL5ESS4 0,\T ( ! SIMULTANEITY ( EXP]I5CE1 ! EV5T ( ,LANGUAGE10 SAYS ,*>LES ,SIMIC 7#a#i#g#a71 0IS AN EM]G5CE 9TO L9E> TIME40 ,RESE>*]S SU* AS ,ZOH> 7#a#i#h#b7 CONSID] FACULTIES ( TELEPA?Y & PRECOGNITION TO HAVE BE5 SACRIFIC$ = ! SAKE ( EVOLUTION 9TO SYMBOLIC LIFE4 ,IF ?IS S\NDS F>-FET*$1 ! SOB] POSITIVI/ ,FREUD 7#a#i#c#b7 VIEW$ TELEPA?Y AS QUITE POSSIBLY 0! ORIG9AL >*AIC MEANS ?R\< :I* 9DIVIDUALS UND]/& ONE ANO!R40 ,IF ! P]CEPTION & APP]CEPTION ( TIME RELATE TO ! V]Y ESS5CE ( CULTURAL LIFE 7,GUREVI* #a#i#g#f71 ! ADV5T ( ?IS TIME S5SE & ITS CONCOMITANT CULTURE REPRES5T AN IMPOV]I%M5T1 EV5 A DISFIGUREM5T1 BY TIME4 

,! CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS 9TRUSION ( TIME1 VIA LANGUAGE1 9DICATE ?AT ! LATT] IS NO MORE 9NOC5T1 NEUTRAL1 OR ASSUMPTION-FREE ?AN ! =M]4 ,TIME IS NOT ONLY1 AS ,KANT SAID1 AT ! F\NDATION ( ALL \R REPRES5TATIONS1 BUT1 BY ?IS FACT1 ALSO AT ! F\NDATION ( \R ADAPTATION TO A QUALITATIVELY R$UC$1 SYMBOLIC WORLD4 ,\R EXP]I5CE 9 ?IS WORLD IS UND] AN ALL-P]VASIVE PRESSURE TO BE REPRES5TATION1 TO BE ALMO/ UNCONSCI\SLY DEGRAD$ 9TO SYMBOLS & MEASUREM5TS4 0,TIME01 WROTE ! ,G]MAN MY/IC ,MEI/] ,ECKH>T1 0IS :AT KEEPS ! LI<T FROM REA*+ US40 

,TIME AW>5ESS IS :AT EMP[]S US TO DEAL ) \R 5VIRONM5T SYMBOLICALLY2 !RE IS NO TIME AP>T FROM ?IS E/RANGEM5T4 ,IT IS BY MEANS ( PROGRESSIVE SYMBOLIZATION ?AT TIME BECOMES NATURALIZ$1 BECOMES A GIV51 IS REMOV$ FROM ! SPH]E ( CONSCI\S CULTURAL PRODUCTION4 0,TIME BECOMES HUMAN 9 ! MEASURE TO :I* IT BECOMES ACTUALIZ$ 9 N>RATIVE10 IS ANO!R WAY ( PUTT+ IT 7,RICOEUR #a#i#h#d74 ,! SYMBOLIC ACCRETIONS 9 ?IS PROCESS CON/ITUTE A /EADY ?ROTTL+ ( 9/9CTIVE DESIRE2 REPRESSION DEVELOPS ! S5SE ( TIME UNFOLD+4 ,IMM$IACY GIVES WAY1 REPLAC$ BY ! M$IATIONS ?AT MAKE HI/ORY POSSIBLE--LANGUAGE 9 ! =EFRONT4 

,ONE BEG9S TO SEE PA/ SU* BANALITIES AS 0TIME IS AN 9COMPREH5SIBLE QUALITY ( ! GIV5 WORLD0 7,SEBBA #a#i#i#a74 ,NUMB]1 >T1 RELIGION MAKE !IR APPE>ANCES 9 ?IS 0GIV50 WORLD1 DISEMBODI$ PH5OM5A ( REIFI$ LIFE4 ,!SE EM]G+ RITES1 9 TURN1 ,GUREVIT* 7#a#i#f#d7 SURMISES1 LEAD TO 0! PRODUCTION ( NEW SYMBOLIC CONT5TS1 ?US 5C\RAG+ TIME LEAP+ =W>D40 ,SYMBOLS1 9CLUD+ TIME1 ( C\RSE1 N[ HAVE LIVES ( !IR [N1 9 ?IS CUMULATIVE1 9T]ACT+ PROGRESSION4 ,DAVID ,BRA9E'S ,! ,REALITY ( ,TIME & ! ,EXI/5CE ( ,GOD 7#a#i#h#h7 IS ILLU/RATIVE4 ,IT >GUES ?AT IT IS PRECISELY TIME'S REALITY :I* PROVES ! EXI/5CE ( ,GOD2 CIVILIZATION'S P]FECT LOGIC4 

,ALL RITUAL IS AN ATTEMPT1 ?R\< SYMBOLISM1 TO RETURN TO ! TIMELESS /ATE4 ,RITUAL IS A GE/URE ( AB/RACTION FROM ?AT /ATE1 H[EV]1 A FALSE /EP ?AT ONLY LEADS FUR!R AWAY4 ,! 0TIMELESSNESS0 ( NUMB] IS P>T ( ?IS TRAJECTORY1 & CONTRIBUTES MU* TO TIME AS A FIX$ CONCEPT4 ,9 FACT1 ,BLUM5B]G 7#a#i#h#c7 SEEMS L>GELY CORRECT 9 ASSAY+ ?AT 0TIME IS NOT MEASUR$ AS SOME?+ ?AT HAS BE5 PRES5T ALL ALONG2 9/EAD IT IS PRODUC$1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 BY MEASUREM5T40 ,TO EXPRESS TIME WE MU/1 9 SOME WAY1 QUANTIFY IT2 NUMB] IS !RE=E ESS5TIAL4 ,EV5 :]E TIME HAS ALREADY APPE>$1 A SL[LY MORE DIVID$ SOCIAL EXI/5CE WORKS T[>D ITS PROGRESSIVE REIFICATION ONLY BY MEANS ( NUMB]4 ,! S5SE ( PASS+ TIME IS NOT KE5 AMONG TRIBAL PEOPLES1 = EXAMPLE1 :O DO NOT M>K IT ) CAL5D>S OR CLOCKS4 

,TIME3 AN ORIG9AL MEAN+ ( ! WORD 9 ANCI5T ,GREEK IS DIVISION4 ,NUMB]1 :5 ADD$ TO TIME1 MAKES ! DIVID+ OR SEP>AT+ ?AT MU* MORE POT5T4 ,! NON-CIVILIZ$ (T5 HAVE CONSID]$ IT 0UNLUCKY0 TO C\NT LIV+ CREATURES1 & G5]ALLY RESI/ ADOPT+ ! PRACTICE 7E4G4 ,DOBRIZH(F] #a#h#b#b74 ,! 9TUITION = NUMB] WAS F> FROM SPONTANE\S & 9EVITABLE1 BUT 0ALREADY 9 E>LY CIVILIZATIONS10 ,S*IMMEL 7#a#i#i#b7 REPORTS1 0ONE FEELS ?AT NUMB]S >E A REALITY HAV+ AS IT W]E A MAGNETIC P[] FIELD >\ND !M40 ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT AMONG ANCI5T CULTURES ) ! /RONGE/ EM]G+ S5SES ( TIME--,EGYPTIAN1 ,BABYLONIAN1 ,MAYAN--WE SEE NUMB]S ASSOCIAT$ ) RITUAL FIGURES & DEITIES2 9DE$ ! ,MAYANS & ,BABYLONIANS BO? HAD NUMB] GODS 7,B>R[ #a#i#i#b74 

,MU* LAT] ! CLOCK1 ) ITS FACE ( NUMB]S1 5C\RAG$ SOCIETY TO AB/RACT & QUANTIFY ! EXP]I5CE ( TIME /ILL FUR!R4 ,EV]Y CLOCK READ+ IS A MEASUREM5T ?AT JO9S ! CLOCK WAT*] TO ! 0FL[ ( TIME40 ,& WE ABS5TLY DELUDE \RSELVES ?AT WE KN[ :AT TIME IS BECAUSE WE KN[ :AT TIME IT IS4 ,IF WE DID AWAY ) CLOCKS1 ,%ALLIS 7#a#i#h#b7 REM9DS US1 OBJECTIVE TIME W\LD ALSO DISAPPE>4 ,MORE FUNDAM5TALLY1 IF WE DID AWAY ) SPECIALIZATION & TE*NOLOGY1 ALI5ATION W\LD BE BANI%$4 

,! MA!MATIZ+ ( NATURE WAS ! BASIS = ! BIR? ( MOD]N RATIONALISM & SCI5CE 9 ! ,WE/4 ,?IS HAD /EMM$ FROM DEM&S = NUMB] & MEASUREM5T 9 CONNECTION ) SIMIL> TEA*+S AB\T TIME1 9 ! S]VICE ( M]CANTILE CAPITALISM4 ,! CONT9UITY ( NUMB] & TIME AS A GEOMETRICAL LOCUS W]E FUNDAM5TAL TO ! ,SCI5TIFIC ,REVOLUTION1 :I* PROJECT$ ,GALILEO'S DICTUM TO MEASURE ALL ?AT IS MEASURABLE & MAKE MEASURABLE ?AT :I* IS NOT4 ,MA!MATICALLY DIVISIBLE TIME IS NECESS>Y = ! CONQUE/ ( NATURE1 & = EV5 ! RUDIM5TS ( MOD]N TE*NOLOGY4 

,FROM ?IS PO9T ON1 NUMB]-BAS$ SYMBOLIC TIME BECAME CRU%+LY REAL1 AN AB/RACT CON/RUCTION 0REMOV$ FROM & EV5 CONTR>Y TO EV]Y 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL HUMAN EXP]I5CE0 7,SYZAMOSI #a#i#h#f74 ,UND] ITS PRESSURE1 MONEY & LANGUAGE1 M]*&ISE & 9=MATION HAVE BECOME /EADILY LESS DI/+UI%ABLE1 & DIVISION ( LABOR MORE EXTREME4 

,TO SYMBOLIZE IS TO EXPRESS TIME CONSCI\SNESS1 = ! SYMBOL EMBODIES ! /RUCTURE ( TIME 7,D>BY #a#i#h#b74 ,CLE>] /ILL IS ,ME]LOO'S =MULATION3 0,TO UND]/& A SYMBOL & ITS DEVELOPM5T IS TO GRASP HUMAN HI/ORY 9 A NUT%ELL40 ,! CONTRA/ IS ! LIFE ( ! NON-CIVILIZ$1 LIV$ 9 A CAPACI\S PRES5T ?AT CANNOT BE R$UC$ TO ! S+LE MOM5T ( ! MA!MATICAL PRES5T4 ,AS ! CONT9UAL N[ GAVE WAY TO 9CREAS+ RELIANCE UPON SY/EMS ( SIGNIFICANT SYMBOLS 7LANGUAGE1 NUMB]1 >T1 RITUAL1 MY?7 DISLODG$ FROM ! N[1 ! FUR!R AB/RACTION1 HI/ORY1 BEGAN TO DEVELOP4 ,HI/ORICAL TIME IS NO MORE 9H]5T 9 REALITY1 NO LESS AN IMPOSITION ON IT1 ?AN ! E>LI]1 LESS *OATE =MS ( TIME4 

,9 A SL[LY MORE SYN!TIC CONTEXT1 A/RONOMICAL OBS]VATION IS 9VE/$ ) NEW MEAN+S4 ,ONCE PURSU$ = ITS [N SAKE1 IT COMES TO PROVIDE ! VEHICLE = S*$UL+ RITUALS & COORD9AT+ ! ACTIVITIES ( COMPLEX SOCIETY4 ,) ! HELP ( ! />S1 ! YE> & ITS DIVISIONS EXI/ AS 9/RUM5TS ( ORGANIZATIONAL AU?ORITY 7,LEA* #a#i#e#d74 ,! =MATION ( A CAL5D> IS BASIC TO ! =MATION ( A CIVILIZATION4 ,! CAL5D> WAS ! FIR/ SYMBOLIC >TIFACT ?AT REGULAT$ SOCIAL BEHAVIOR BY KEEP+ TRACK ( TIME4 ,& :AT IS 9VOLV$ IS NOT ! CONTROL ( TIME BUT ITS OPPOSITE3 5CLOSURE BY TIME 9 A WORLD ( V]Y REAL ALI5ATION4 ,ONE RECALLS ?AT \R WORD COMES FROM ! ,LAT9 CAL5DS1 ! FIR/ DAY ( ! MON?1 :5 BUS9ESS ACC\NTS HAD TO BE SETTL$4 

,TIME TO ,PRAY1 ,TIME TO ,WORK 

0,NO TIME IS 5TIRELY PRES5T10 SAID ! ,/OIC ,*RYSIPPUS1 & MEAN:ILE ! CONCEPT ( TIME WAS BE+ FUR!R ADVANC$ BY ! UND]LY+ ,JUDEO-,*RI/IAN T5ET ( A L9E>1 IRREV]SIBLE PA? BETWE5 CREATION & SALVATION4 ,?IS ESS5TIALLY HI/ORICAL VIEW ( TIME IS ! V]Y CORE ( ,*RI/IANITY2 ALL ! BASIC NOTIONS ( MEASURABLE1 ONE-WAY TIME CAN BE F\ND 9 ,/4 ,AUGU/9E'S 7FIF? C5TURY7 WRIT+S4 ,) ! SPREAD ( ! NEW RELIGION ! /RICT REGULATION ( TIME1 ON A PRACTICAL PLANE1 WAS NE$$ TO HELP MA9TA9 ! DISCIPL9E ( MONA/IC LIFE4 ,BELLS SUMMON+ ! MONKS TO PRAY] EI<T TIMES DAILY W]E HE>D F> BEYOND ! CONF9ES ( ! CLOI/]1 & ?US A MEASURE ( TIME REGULATION WAS IMPOS$ ON SOCIETY AT L>GE4 ,! POPULATION CONT9U$ TO EXHIBIT 0UNE VA/E 9DIFFRANCE AU TEMPS0 ?R\<\T ! FEUDAL ]A1 ACCORD+ TO ,M>C ,BLO* 7#a#i#d71 BUT IT IS NO ACCID5T ?AT ! FIR/ PUBLIC CLOCKS ADORN$ CA!DRALS 9 ! ,WE/4 ,WOR? NOT+ 9 ?IS REG>D IS ! FACT ?AT ! CALL+ ( PRECISE PRAY] TIMES BECAME ! *IEF EXT]NALIZATION ( M$IEVAL ,ISLAMIC BELIEF4 

,! 9V5TION ( ! ME*ANICAL CLOCK WAS ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT TURN+ PO9TS 9 ! HI/ORY ( SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY2 9DE$ ( ALL HUMAN >T & CULTURE 7,SYNGE #a#i#e#i74 ,! IMPROVEM5T 9 ACCURACY PRES5T$ AU?ORITY ) 5HANC$ OPPORTUNITIES = OPPRESSION4 ,AN E>LY DEVOTEE ( ELABORATE ME*ANICAL CLOCKS1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS ,DUKE ,GIAN ,GALEAZZO ,VISCONTI1 DESCRIB$ 9 #a*a AS 0A S$ATE BUT CRAFTY RUL] ) A GREAT LOVE ( ORD] & PRECISION0 7,FRAS] #a#i#h#h74 ,AS ,WEIZ5BAUM 7#a#i#g#f7 WROTE1 ! CLOCK BEGAN TO CREATE 0LIT]ALLY A NEW REALITY444?AT WAS & REMA9S AN IMPOV]I%$ V]SION ( ! OLD ONE40 

,A QUALITATIVE *ANGE WAS 9TRODUC$4 ,EV5 :5 NO?+ WAS HAPP5+1 TIME DID NOT CEASE TO FL[4 ,EV5TS1 FROM ?IS ]A ON1 >E PUT 9TO ?IS HOMOG5E\S1 OBJECTIVELY MEASUR$1 MOV+ 5VELOPE--& ?IS UNIL9E> PROGRESSION 9CIT$ RESI/ANCE4 ,! MO/ EXTREME W]E ! *ILIA/1 OR MILL5>IAN1 MOVEM5TS1 :I* APPE>$ 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ,EUROPE FROM ! #a#d? 9TO ! #a#g? C5TURIES4 ,!SE G5]ALLY TOOK ! =M ( PEASANT RIS+S :I* AIM$ AT RECREAT+ ! PRIMAL EGALIT>IAN /ATE ( NATURE & W]E EXPLICITLY OPPOS$ TO HI/ORICAL TIME4 ,!SE UTOPIAN EXPLOSIONS W]E QUELL$1 BUT REMNANTS ( E>LI] TIME CONCEPTS P]SI/$ AS A 0L[]0 /RATUM ( FOLK CONSCI\SNESS 9 MANY >EAS4 

,DUR+ ! ,R5AISSANCE1 DOM9ATION BY TIME REA*$ A NEW LEVEL AS PUBLIC CLOCKS N[ TOLL$ ALL TW5TY-F\R H\RS ( ! DAY & ADD$ NEW H&S TO M>K ! PASS+ SECONDS4 ,A KE5 S5SE ( TIME'S ALL-CONSUM+ PRES5CE IS ! GREAT DISCOV]Y ( ! AGE1 & NO?+ PORTRAYS ?IS MORE GRAPHICALLY ?AN ! FIGURE ( ,FA!R ,TIME4 ,R5AISSANCE >T FUZ$ ! ,GREEK GOD ,KRONOS ) ! ,ROMAN GOD ,SATURN TO =M ! FAMILI> GRIM DEITY REPRES5T+ ! P[] ( ,TIME1 >M$ ) A FATAL SCY! SIGNIFY+ HIS ASSOCIATION ) AGRICULTURE_/DOME/ICATION4 ,! ,DANCE ( ,DEA? & O!R M$IEVAL MEM5TO MORI >TIFACTS PREC$$ ,FA!R ,TIME1 BUT ! SUBJECT IS N[ TIME RA!R ?AN DEA?4 

,! SEV5TE5? C5TURY WAS ! FIR/ 9 :I* PEOPLE ?\<T ( !MSELVES AS 9HABIT+ A P>TICUL> C5TURY4 ,ONE N[ NE$$ TO TAKE ONE'S BE>+S )9 TIME4 ,FRANCIS ,BACON'S ,! ,MASCUL9E ,BIR? ( ,TIME 7#a#f#c7 & ,A ,DISC\RSE ,CONC]N+ A ,NEW ,PLANET 7#a#f#e7 EMBRAC$ ! DEEP5+ DIM5SION & REVEAL$ H[ A HEI<T5$ S5SE ( TIME C\LD S]VE ! NEW SCI5TIFIC SPIRIT4 0,TO *OOSE TIME IS TO SAVE TIME10 HE WROTE1 & 0,TRU? IS ! DAU<T] ( TIME40 ,DESC>TES FOLL[$1 9TRODUC+ ! IDEA ( TIME AS LIMITLESS4 ,HE WAS ONE ( ! FIR/ ADVOCATES ( ! MOD]N IDEA ( PROGRESS1 CLOSELY RELAT$ TO ?AT ( UNB\ND$ L9E> TIME1 & *>ACT]I/ICALLY EXPRESS+ ITSELF 9 HIS FAM\S 9VITATION ?AT WE BECOME 0MA/]S & POSSESSORS ( NATURE40 

,NEWTON'S CLOCKWORK UNIV]SE WAS ! CR[N+ A*IEVEM5T ( ! ,SCI5TIFIC ,REVOLUTION 9 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY1 & WAS GR\ND$ 9 HIS CONCEPTION ( 0,ABSOLUTE1 TRUE & MA!MATICAL TIME1 ( ITSELF & FROM ITS [N NATURE1 FL[+ EQUABLY )\T RELATION TO ANY?+ ET]NAL40 ,TIME IS N[ ! GR& RUL]1 ANSW]+ TO NO ONE1 9FLU5C$ BY NO?+1 COMPLETELY 9DEP5D5T ( ! 5VIRONM5T3 ! MODEL ( UNASSAILABLE AU?ORITY & P]FECT GU>ANTOR ( UN*ANG+ ALI5ATION4 ,CLASSICAL ,NEWTONIAN PHYSICS 9 FACT REMA9S1 DESPITE *ANGES 9 SCI5CE1 ! DOM9ANT1 EV]YDAY CONCEPTION ( TIME4 

,! APPE>ANCE ( 9DEP5D5T1 AB/RACT TIME F\ND ITS P>ALLEL 9 ! EM]G5CE ( A GR[+1 =MALLY FREE WORK+ CLASS =C$ TO SELL ITS LABOR P[] AS AN AB/RACT COMMODITY ON ! M>KET4 ,PRIOR TO ! COM+ ( ! FACTORY SY/EM BUT ALREADY SUBJECT TO TIME'S DISCIPL9>Y P[]1 ?IS LABOR =CE WAS ! 9V]SE ( ! MON>* ,TIME3 FREE & 9DEP5D5T 9 NAME ONLY4 ,9 ,F\CAULT'S JUDGM5T 7#a#i#g#c71 ! ,WE/ HAD BECOME A 0C>C]AL SOCIETY0 FROM ?IS PO9T ON4 ,P]HAPS MORE DIRECTLY TO ! PO9T IS ! ,BALKAN PROV]B1 0,A CLOCK IS A LOCK40 

,9 #agdi ,R\SSEAU ?REW AWAY HIS WAT*1 A SYMBOLIC REJECTION ( MOD]N SCI5CE & CIVILIZATION4 ,SOME:AT MORE 9 ! DOM9ANT SPIRIT ( ! AGE1 H[EV]1 W]E ! GIFTS ( FIFTY-ONE WAT*ES TO ,M>IE ,ANTO9ETTE UPON H] 5GAGEM5T4 ,! WORD IS C]TA9LY APPROPRIATE1 AS PEOPLE HAD TO 0WAT*0 ! TIME MORE & MORE2 WAT*ES W\LD SOON BECOME ONE ( ! FIR/ CONSUM] DURABLES ( ! 9DU/RIAL ]A4 

,WILLIAM ,BLAKE & ,GOE! BO? ATTACK$ ,NEWTON1 ! SYMBOL ( ! NEW TIME & SCI5CE1 = HIS DI/ANC+ ( LIFE FROM ! S5SUAL1 HIS R$UCTION ( ! NATURAL TO ! MEASURABLE4 ,CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGUE ,ADAM ,SMI?1 ON ! O!R H&1 E*O$ & EXT5D$ ,NEWTON1 BY CALL+ = GREAT] RATIONALIZATION & R\T9IZATION4 ,SMI?1 LIKE ,NEWTON1 LABOR$ UND] ! SPELL ( AN 9CREAS+LY P[]FUL & REMORSELESS TIME 9 PROMOT+ FUR!R DIVISION ( LABOR AS OBJECTIVE & ABSOLUTE PROGRESS4 

,! ,PURITANS HAD PROCLAIM$ WA/E ( TIME ! FIR/ & 9 PR9CIPLE ! DEADLIE/ ( S9S 7,WEB] #a#i#b#a72 ?IS BECAME1 AB\T A C5TURY LAT]1 ,B5 ,FRANKL9'S 0,TIME IS MONEY40 ,! FACTORY SY/EM WAS 9ITIAT$ BY CLOCKMAK]S & ! CLOCK WAS ! SYMBOL & F\NTA9HEAD ( ! ORD]1 DISCIPL9E & REPRESSION REQUIR$ TO CREATE AN 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT4 

,HEGEL'S GR& SY/EM 9 ! E>LY #a#i? C5TURY H]ALD$ ! 0PU% 9TO TIME0 ?AT IS ,HI/ORY'S MOM5TUM2 TIME IS \R 0DE/9Y & NECESSITY10 HE DECL>$4 ,PO/ONE 7#a#i#i#c7 NOT$ ?AT ! 0PROGRESS0 ( AB/RACT TIME IS CLOSELY TI$ TO ! 0PROGRESS0 ( CAPITALISM AS A WAY ( LIFE4 ,WAVES ( 9DU/RIALISM DR[N$ ! RESI/ANCE ( ! ,LUDDITES2 APPRAIS+ ?IS G5]AL P]IOD1 ,LYOT>D 7#a#i#h#h7 DECID$ ?AT 0! ILLNESS ( TIME WAS N[ 9CURABLE40 

,AN 9CREAS+LY COMPLEX CLASS SOCIETY REQUIRES AN EV] L>G] >RAY ( TIME SIGNALS4 ,FI<TS AGA9/ TIME1 AS ,?OMPSON 7#a#i#f#g7 & ,HOHN 7#a#i#h#d7 HAVE PO9T$ \T1 GAVE WAY TO /RUGGLES OV] TIME2 RESI/ANCE TO BE+ YOK$ TO TIME & ITS 9H]5T DEM&S WAS DEFEAT$ 9 G5]AL1 REPLAC$1 TYPICALLY1 BY DISPUTES OV] ! FAIR DET]M9ATION ( TIME S*$ULES OR ! L5G? ( ! WORK DAY4 7,9 AN ADDRESS TO ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 7,JULY #b#h1 #a#h#f#h71 ,K>L ,M>X ADVOCAT$1 BY ! WAY1 AGE N9E AS ! TIME TO BEG9 WORK47 

,! CLOCK DESC5D$ FROM ! CA!DRAL1 TO C\RT & C\R?\SE1 NEXT TO ! BANK & RAILWAY /ATION1 & F9ALLY TO ! WRI/ & POCKET ( EA* DEC5T CITIZ54 ,TIME HAD TO BECOME MORE 0DEMOCRATIC0 9 ORD] TO TRULY COLONIZE SUBJECTIVITY4 ,! SUBJECTION ( \T] NATURE1 AS ,ADORNO & O!RS HAVE UND]/OOD1 IS SUCCESSFUL ONLY 9 ! MEASURE ( ! CONQUE/ ( 9N] NATURE4 ,! UNLEA%+ ( ! =CES ( PRODUCTION1 TO PUT IT ANO!R WAY1 DEP5D$ ON TIME'S VICTORY 9 ITS LONG-WAG$ W> ON FRE] CONSCI\SNESS4 ,9DU/RIALISM BR\<T ) IT A MORE COMPLETE COMMODIFICATION ( TIME1 TIME 9 ITS MO/ PR$ATORY =M YET4 ,IT WAS ?IS ?AT ,GIDD5S 7#a#i#h#a7 SAW AS 0! KEY TO ! DEEPE/ TRANS=MATIONS ( DAY-TO-DAY SOCIAL LIFE ?AT >E BR\<T AB\T BY ! EM]G5CE ( CAPITALISM40 

0,TIME M>*ES ON10 AS ! SAY+ GOES1 9 A WORLD 9CREAS+LY DEP5D5T ON TIME & A TIME 9CREAS+LY UNIFI$4 ,A S+LE GIANT CLOCK HANGS OV] ! WORLD & DOM9ATES4 ,IT P]VADES ALL2 9 ITS C\RT !RE IS NO APPEAL4 ,! /&>DIZATION ( WORLD TIME M>KS A VICTORY = ! EFFICI5T_/MA*9E SOCIETY1 A UNIV]SALISM ?AT UNDOES P>TICUL>ITY AS SURELY AS COMPUT]S LEAD TO HOMOG5IZATION ( ?\<T4 

,PAUL ,VIRILIO 7#a#i#h#f7 HAS GONE SO F> AS TO =ESEE ?AT 0! LOSS ( MAT]IAL SPACE LEADS TO ! GOV]NM5T ( NO?+ BUT TIME40 ,A FUR!R PROVOCATIVE NOTION POSITS A REV]SAL ( ! BIR? ( HI/ORY \T ( MATUR+ TIME4 ,VIRILIO 7#a#i#i#a71 9 FACT1 F9DS US ALREADY LIV+ )9 A SY/EM ( TE*NOLOGICAL TEMPORALITY :]E HI/ORY HAS BE5 ECLIPS$4 0444! PRIM>Y QUE/ION BECOMES LESS ONE ( RELATIONS TO HI/ORY ?AN ONE ( RELATIONS TO TIME40 

,SU* !ORETICAL FLI<TS ASIDE1 H[EV]1 !RE IS AMPLE EVID5CE & TE/IMONY AS TO TIME'S C5TRAL ROLE 9 SOCIETY4 ,9 0,TIME -- ,! ,NEXT ,S\RCE ( ,COMPETITIVE ,ADVANTAGE0 7,JULY-,AUGU/1 #aihh ,H>V>D ,BUS9ESS ,REVIEW71 ,GEORGE ,/>K1 ,JR4 DISCUSSES IT AS PIVOTAL 9 ! POSITION+ ( CAPITAL3 0,AS A /RATEGIC WEAPON1 TIME IS ! EQUIVAL5T ( MONEY1 PRODUCTIVITY1 QUALITY1 EV5 9NOVATION40 ,TIME MANAGEM5T IS C]TA9LY NOT CONF9$ TO ! CORPORATIONS2 ,LEV9E'S #aihe /UDY ( PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE CLOCKS 9 SIX C\NTRIES DEMON/RAT$ ?AT !IR ACCURACY WAS AN EXACT GAUGE ( ! RELATIVE 9DU/RIALIZATION ( NATIONAL LIFE4 ,PAUL ,ADL]'S ,JANU>Y-,FEBRU>Y1 #aiic ,H>V>D ,BUS9ESS ,REVIEW (F]+1 0,TIME-&-,MOTION ,REGA9$10 NAK$LY *AMPIONS ! NEO-,TAYLORI/ /&>DIZATION & REGIM5TATION ( WORK3 BEH9D ! WELL-PUBLICIZ$ 0WORKPLACE DEMOCRACY0 W9D[ DRESS+ 9 SOME FACTORIES REMA9S ! 0TIME-&-MOTION DISCIPL9E & =MAL BUREAUCRATIC /RUCTURES ESS5TIAL = EFFICI5CY & QUALITY 9 R\T9E OP]ATIONS40 

,TIME 9 ,LIT]ATURE 

,IT IS CLE> ?AT ! ADV5T ( WRIT+ FACILITAT$ ! FIXATION ( TIME CONCEPTS & ! BEG9N+ ( HI/ORY4 ,BUT AS ! AN?ROPOLOGI/ ,GOODY 7#a#i#i#a7 PO9TS \T1 0ORAL CULTURES >E (T5 ONLY TOO PREP>$ TO ACCEPT !SE 9NOVATIONS40 ,!Y HAVE ALREADY BE5 CONDITION$1 AFT] ALL1 BY LANGUAGE ITSELF4 ,MC,LUHAN 7#a#i#f#b7 DISCUSS$ H[ ! COM+ ( ! PR9T$ BOOK1 & MASS LIT]ACY1 RE9=C$ ! LOGIC ( L9E> TIME4 

,LIFE WAS /EADILY =C$ TO ADAPT4 0,= N[ HA? TIME MADE ME HIS NUMB]+ CLOCK10 WROTE ,%AKESPE>E 9 ,RI*>D ,I,I4 0,TIME01 LIKE 0RI*01 WAS ONE ( ! FAVORITE WORDS ( ! ,B>D1 A TIME-HAUNT$ FIGURE4 ,A HUNDR$ YE>S LAT]1 ,DEFOE'S ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE REFLECT$ H[ LITTLE ESCAPE FROM TIME SEEM$ POSSIBLE4 ,M>OON$ ON A DES]T ISL&1 ,CRUSOE IS DEEPLY CONC]N$ ) ! PASSAGE ( TIME2 KEEP+ CLOSE TRACK ( HIS AFFAIRS1 EV5 9 SU* A SETT+1 MEANT ABOVE ALL KEEP+ TRACK ( ! TIME1 ESPECIALLY AS LONG AS HIS P5 & 9K LA/$4 

,NOR?ROP ,FRYE 7#a#i#e7 SAW ! 0ALLIANCE ( TIME & ,WE/]N MAN0 AS ! DEF9+ *>ACT]I/IC ( ! NOVEL4 ,IAN ,WATT'S ,! ,RISE ( ! ,NOVEL 7#a#i#e#g7 LIKEWISE FOCUS$ ON ! NEW CONC]N ) TIME ?AT /IMULAT$ ! NOVEL'S EM]G5CE 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,AS ,JONA?AN ,SWIFT TOLD IT 9 ,GULLIV]'S ,TRAVELS 7#a#g#b#f71 HIS PROTAGONI/ NEV] DID ANY?+ )\T LOOK+ AT HIS WAT*4 0,HE CALL$ IT HIS ORACLE1 & SAID IT PO9T$ \T ! TIME = EV]Y ACTION ( HIS LIFE40 ,! ,LILLIPUTIANS CONCLUD$ ?AT ! WAT* WAS ,GULLIV]'S GOD4 ,/]NE'S ,TRI/RAM ,%&YGAFF 7#a#g#f71 ON ! EVE ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION1 BEG9S ) ! MO!R ( ,TRI/RAM 9T]RUPT+ HIS FA!R AT ! MOM5T ( !IR MON?LY COITUS3 0',PRAY1 MY DE>1' QUO? MY MO!R1 'HAVE Y\ NOT =GOT TO W9D UP ! CLOCK8'0 

,9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY ,PE SATIRIZ$ ! AU?ORITY ( CLOCKS1 L9K+ !M TO B\RGEOIS SUP]FICIALITY & OBSESSION ) ORD]4 ,TIME IS ! REAL SUBJECT ( ,FLAUB]T'S NOVELS1 ACCORD+ TO ,HAUS] 7#a#i#e#f71 AS ,WALT] ,PAT] 7#a#i#a7 S\<T 9 LIT]ATURE ! 0:OLLY CONCRETE MOM5T0 :I* W\LD 0ABSORB PA/ & FUTURE 9 AN 9T5SE CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PRES5T10 SIMIL> TO ,JOYCE'S CELEBRATION ( 0EPIPHANIES04 ,9 ,M>IUS ! ,EPICUREAN 7#a#i#i71 ,PAT] DEPICTS ,M>IUS SUDD5LY REALIZ+ 0! POSSIBILITY ( A REAL WORLD BEYOND TIME40 ,MEAN:ILE ,SW9BURNE LOOK$ = A RESPITE BEYOND 0TIME-/RICK5 L&S0 & ,BAUDELAIRE DECL>$ HIS FE> & HATR$ ( *RONOLOGICAL TIME1 ! DEV\R+ FOE4 

,! DISORI5TATION ( AN AGE WRACK$ BY TIME & SUBJECT TO ! ACCEL]ATION ( HI/ORY HAS L$ MOD]N WRIT]S TO DEAL ) TIME FROM NEW & EXTREME PO9TS ( VIEW4 ,PR\/ DEL9EAT$ 9T]RELATION%IPS AMONG EV5TS ?AT TRANSC5D$ CONV5TIONAL TEMPORAL ORD] & ?US VIOLAT$ ,NEWTONIAN CONCEPTIONS ( CAUSATION4 ,HIS ?IRTE5-VOLUME ,A LA ,RE*]*E DU ,TEMPS ,P]DU 7#a#i#b#e71 USUALLY R5D]$ 9 ,5GLI% AS ,REMEMBRANCE ( ,?+S ,PA/1 IS MORE LIT]ALLY & ACCURATELY TRANSLAT$ AS ,SE>*+ = ,LO/ ,TIME4 ,9 IT HE JUDGES ?AT 0A M9UTE FRE$ FROM ! ORD] ( TIME HAS RECREAT$ 9 US444! 9DIVIDUAL FRE$ FROM ! ORD] ( TIME10 & RECOGNIZES 0! ONLY 5VIRONM5T 9 :I* ONE C\LD LIVE & 5JOY ! ESS5CE ( ?+S1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 5TIRELY \TSIDE TIME40 

,PHILOSOPHY 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY HAS BE5 L>GELY PREOCCUPI$ ) TIME4 ,CONSID] ! MISGUID$ ATTEMPTS TO LOCATE AU!NTIC TIME BY ?9K]S AS DIFF]5T AS ,B]GSON & ,HEIDEGG]1 OR ! LATT]'S VIRTUAL DEIFICATION ( TIME4 ,A4,A4 ,M5DIL['S ,TIME & ! ,NOVEL 7#a#i#e#b7 REVEALS H[ ! SAME 9T5SE 9T]E/ HAS DOM9AT$ ! NOVELS ( ! C5TURY1 9 P>TICUL> ?OSE ( ,JOYCE1 ,WOOLF1 ,CONRAD1 ,JAMES1 ,GIDE1 ,MANN1 & ( C\RSE1 ,PR\/4 ,O!R /UDIES1 SU* AS ,*UR*'S ,TIME & ,REALITY 7#a#i#f#b71 HAVE EXP&$ ?IS LI/ ( NOVELI/S TO 9CLUDE1 AMONG O!RS1 ,KAFKA1 ,S>TRE1 ,FAULKN]1 & ,VONNEGUT4 

,& ( C\RSE TIME-/RUCK LIT]ATURE CANNOT BE CONF9$ TO ! NOVEL4 ,T4,S4 ,ELIOT'S POETRY (T5 EXPRESS$ A YE>N+ TO ESCAPE TIME-B\ND1 TIME-RIDD5 CONV5TIONALITY4 0,BURNT ,NORTON0 7#a#i#d#a7 IS A GOOD EXAMPLE1 ) !SE L9ES3 

,TIME PA/ & TIME FUTURE 

,ALL[ BUT A LITTLE CONSCI\SNESS4 

,TO BE CONSCI\S IS NOT TO BE 9 TIME4 

,SAMUEL ,BECKETT1 E>LY 9 HIS C>E] 7#a#i#c#a71 WROTE PO9T$LY ( 0! POISON\S +5UITY ( ,TIME 9 ! SCI5CE ( AFFLICTION40 ,! PLAY ,WAIT+ = ,GODOT 7#a#i#e#e7 IS AN OBVI\S C&IDATE 9 ?IS REG>D1 & SO IS HIS ,MURPHY 7#a#i#e#g71 9 :I* TIME BECOMES REV]SIBLE 9 ! M9D ( ! MA9 *>ACT]4 ,:5 ! CLOCK MAY GO EI!R WAY1 \R S5SE ( TIME1 & TIME ITSELF1 VANI%ES4 

,! ,PSY*OLOGY ( ,TIME 

,TURN+ TO :AT IS COMMONLY CALL$ PSY*OLOGY1 WE AGA9 COME UPON ONE ( ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL QUE/IONS3 ,IS !RE REALLY A PH5OM5ON ( TIME ?AT EXI/S AP>T FROM ANY 9DIVIDUAL1 OR DOES IT RESIDE ONLY 9 ONE'S P]CEPTIONS ( IT8 ,HUSS]L1 = EXAMPLE1 FAIL$ TO %[ :Y CONSCI\SNESS 9 ! MOD]N WORLD SEEMS TO 9EVITABLY CON/ITUTE ITSELF 9 TIME4 ,WE KN[ ?AT EXP]I5CES1 LIKE EV5TS ( EV]Y O!R K9D1 >E NEI!R PA/1 PRES5T NOR FUTURE 9 !MSELVES4 

,:]EAS !RE WAS LITTLE SOCIOLOGICAL 9T]E/ 9 TIME UNTIL ! #a#i#gS1 ! NUMB] ( /UDIES ( TIME 9 ! LIT]ATURE ( PSY*OLOGY HAS 9CREAS$ RAPIDLY S9CE #aic 7,LAU] #a#i#h#h74 ,TIME IS P]HAPS H>DE/ ( ALL TO DEF9E 0PSY*OLOGICALLY04 ,:AT IS TIME8 ,:AT IS ! EXP]I5CE ( TIME8 ,:AT IS ALI5ATION8 ,:AT IS ! EXP]I5CE ( ALI5ATION8 ,IF ! LATT] SUBJECT W]E NOT SO NEGLECT$ ! OBVI\S 9T]RELATION%IP W\LD BE MADE CLE>4 

,DAVIES 7#a#i#g#g7 T]M$ TIME'S PASSAGE 0A PSY*OLOGICAL PH5OM5ON ( MY/]I\S ORIG90 & CONCLUD$ 7#a#i#h#c71 0! SECRET ( M9D WILL ONLY BE SOLV$ :5 WE UND]/& ! SECRET ( TIME40 ,GIV5 ! >TIFICIAL SEP>ATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL FROM SOCIETY1 :I* DEF9ES !IR FIELD1 IT IS 9EVITABLE ?AT SU* PSY*OLOGI/S & PSY*OANALY/S AS ,EISSL] 7#a#i#e#e71 ,LOEWALD 7#a#i#f#b71 ,NAMNUM 7#a#i#g#b71 & ,MORRIS 7#a#i#h#c7 HAVE 5C\NT]$ 0GREAT DIFFICULTIES0 9 /UDY+ TIME6 

,AT LEA/ A FEW P>TIAL 9SI<TS HAVE BE5 A*IEV$1 H[EV]4 ,H>TCOLLIS 7#a#i#h#c71 = 9/ANCE1 NOT$ ?AT TIME IS NOT ONLY AN AB/RACTION BUT A FEEL+1 :ILE ,KORZYBSKI 7#a#i#d#h7 HAD ALREADY TAK5 ?IS FUR!R ) HIS OBS]VATION ?AT 0'TIME' IS A FEEL+1 PRODUC$ BY CONDITIONS ( ?IS WORLD44440 ,9 ALL \R LIVES WE >E 0WAIT+ = ,GODOT10 ACCORD+ TO ,>L[ 7#a#i#h#f71 :O BELIEV$ ?AT \R EXP]I5CE ( TIME >ISES \T ( UNFULFILL$ EMOTIONAL NE$S4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,REI*5BA* 7#a#i#e#f7 HAD T]M$ ANTI-TIME PHILOSOPHIES1 LIKE RELIGION1 0DOCUM5TS ( EMOTIONAL DISSATISFACTION40 ,9 ,FREUDIAN T]MS1 ,B]GL] & ,ROHEIM 7#a#i#d#f7 SAW ! PASSAGE ( TIME AS SYMBOLIZ+ SEP>ATION P]IODS ORIG9AT+ 9 E>LY 9FANCY4 0,! CAL5D> IS AN ULTIMATE MAT]IALIZATION ( SEP>ATION ANXIETY40 ,IF 9=M$ BY A CRITICAL 9T]E/ 9 ! SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL CONTEXT1 ! IMPLICATIONS ( !SE UNDEVELOP$ PO9TS C\LD BECOME S]I\S CONTRIBUTIONS4 ,CONF9$ TO PSY*OLOGY1 H[EV]1 !Y REMA9 LIMIT$ & EV5 MISLEAD+4 

,9 ! WORLD ( ALI5ATION NO ADULT CAN CONTRIVE OR DECREE ! FRE$OM FROM TIME ?AT ! *ILD HABITUALLY 5JOYS--& MU/ BE MADE TO LOSE4 ,TIME TRA9+1 ! ESS5CE ( S*OOL+1 IS VITALLY IMPORTANT TO SOCIETY4 ,?IS TRA9+1 AS ,FRAS] 7#a#i#h#d7 V]Y COG5TLY PUTS IT1 0BE>S 9 ALMO/ P>ADIGMATIC =M ! FEATURES ( A CIVILIZ+ PROCESS40 ,A PATI5T ( ,JOO/ ,ME]LO 7#a#i#f#f7 0EXPRESS$ IT S>CA/ICALLY3 ',TIME IS CIVILIZATION1' BY :I* %E MEANT ?AT S*$UL+ & METICUL\SNESS W]E ! GREAT WEAPONS US$ BY ADULTS TO =CE ! Y\NG/]S 9TO SUBMISSION & S]VILITY40 ,PIAGET'S /UDIES 7#a#i#d#f1 #a#i#e#b7 C\LD DETECT NO 9NATE S5SE ( TIME4 ,RA!R1 ! AB/RACT NOTION ( 0TIME0 IS ( CONSID]ABLE DIFFICULTY TO ! Y\NG4 ,IT IS NOT SOME?+ !Y LE>N AUTOMATICALLY2 !RE IS NO SPONTANE\S ORI5TATION T[>D TIME 7,H]MEL9 & ,O',CONNOR #a#i#g#a1 ,VOYAT #a#i#g#g74 

,TIME & TIDY >E RELAT$ ETYMOLOGICALLY1 & \R ,NEWTONIAN IDEA ( TIME REPRES5TS P]FECT & UNIV]SAL ORD]+4 ,! CUMULATIVE WEI<T ( ?IS EV] MORE P]VASIVE PRESSURE %[S UP 9 ! 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( PATI5TS ) TIME ANXIETY SYMPTOMS 7,LAWSON #a#i#i74 ,DOOLEY 7#a#i#d#a7 REF]R$ TO 0! OBS]V$ FACT ?AT PEOPLE :O >E OBSESSIVE 9 *>ACT]1 :ATEV] !IR TYPE ( NEUROSIS1 >E ?OSE :O MAKE MO/ EXT5SIVE USE ( ! S5SE ( TIME44440 ,PETTIT'S 0,ANALITY & ,TIME0 7#a#i#f#i7 >GU$ CONV9C+LY = ! CLOSE CONNECTION BETWE5 ! TWO1 AS ,ME]LOO 7#a#i#f#f71 CIT+ ! *>ACT] & A*IEVEM5TS ( ,MUSSOL9I & ,EI*MANN1 F\ND 0A DEF9ITE CONNECTION BETWE5 TIME COMPULSION & FASCI/IC AGGRESSION40 

,CAPEK 7#a#i#f#a7 CALL$ TIME 0A HUGE & *RONIC HALLUC9ATION ( ! HUMAN M9D02 !RE >E FEW EXP]I5CES 9DE$ ?AT CAN BE SAID TO BE TIMELESS4 ,ORGASM1 ,L,S,D1 A LIFE 0FLA%+ BE=E ONE'S EYES0 9 A MOM5T ( EXTREME DANG]444!SE >E SOME ( ! R>E1 EVANESC5T SITUATIONS 9T5SE 5\< TO ESCAPE FROM TIME'S 9SI/5CE4 

,TIMELESSNESS IS ! IDEAL ( PLEASURE1 WROTE ,M>CUSE 7#a#i#e#e74 ,! PASSAGE ( TIME1 ON ! O!R H&1 FO/]S ! =GETT+ ( :AT WAS & :AT CAN BE4 ,IT IS ! 5EMY ( ]OS & DEEP ALLY ( ! ORD] ( REPRESSION4 ,! M5TAL PROCESSES ( ! UNCONSCI\S >E 9 FACT TIMELESS1 DECID$ ,FREUD 7#a#i#b74 0444TIME DOES NOT *ANGE !M 9 ANY WAY & ! IDEA ( TIME CANNOT BE APPLI$ TO !M40 ,?US DESIRE IS ALREADY \TSIDE ( TIME4 ,AS ,FREUD SAID 9 #a#i#c#b3 0,!RE IS NO?+ 9 ! ,ID ?AT CORRESPONDS TO ! NOTION ( TIME2 !RE IS NO RECOGNITION ( ! PASSAGE ( TIME40 

,M>IE ,BONAP>TE 7#a#i#c#i7 >GU$ ?AT TIME BECOMES EV] MORE PLA/IC & OB$I5T TO ! PLEASURE PR9CIPLE 9S(> AS WE LOOS5 ! BONDS ( FULL EGO CONTROL4 ,DREAMS >E A =M ( ?9K+ AMONG NON-CIVILIZ$ PEOPLES 7,KRACKE #a#i#h#g72 ?IS FACULTY MU/ HAVE ONCE BE5 MU* MORE ACCESSIBLE TO US4 ,! ,SURREALI/S BELIEV$ ?AT REALITY C\LD BE MU* MORE FULLY UND]/OOD IF WE C\LD MAKE ! CONNECTION TO \R 9/9CTIVE1 SUBCONSCI\S EXP]I5CES2 ,BRETON 7#a#i#b#d71 = EXAMPLE1 PROCLAIM$ ! RADICAL GOAL ( A RESOLUTION ( DREAM & CONSCI\S REALITY4 

,:5 WE DREAM ! S5SE ( TIME IS VIRTUALLY NONEXI/5T1 REPLAC$ BY A S5SATION ( PRES5TNESS4 ,IT %\LD COME AS NO SURPRISE ?AT DREAMS1 :I* IGNORE ! RULES ( TIME1 W\LD ATTRACT ! NOTICE ( ?OSE SE>*+ = LIB]ATORY CLUES1 OR ?AT ! UNCONSCI\S1 ) ITS 0/ORMS ( IMPULSE0 7,/]N #a#i#g#g71 FRI<T5S ?OSE ) A /AKE 9 ! NEUROSIS WE CALL CIVILIZATION4 ,NORMAN ,O4 ,BR[N 7#a#i#e#i7 SAW ! S5SE ( TIME OR HI/ORY AS A FUNCTION ( REPRESSION2 IF REPRESSION W]E ABOLI%$1 HE REASON$1 WE W\LD BE RELEAS$ FROM TIME4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,COL]IDGE 7#a#h#a7 RECOGNIZ$ 9 ! MAN ( 0ME?ODICAL 9DU/RY0 ! ORIG9 & CREATOR ( TIME4 

,9 HIS ,CRITIQUE ( ,CYNICAL ,REASON 7#a#i#h#g71 ,PET] ,SLOT]DIJK CALL$ = ! 0RADICAL RECOGNITION ( ! ,ID )\T RES]VATION10 A N>CISSI/IC SELF-AFFIRMATION ?AT W\LD LAU< 9 ! FACE ( MOROSE SOCIETY4 ,N>CISSISM HAS ( C\RSE TRADITIONALLY BE5 CA/ AS WICK$1 ! 0H]ESY ( SELF-LOVE40 ,9 REALITY ?AT MEANT IT WAS RES]V$ = ! RUL+ CLASSES1 :ILE ALL O!RS 7WORK]S1 WOM51 SLAVES7 HAD TO PRACTICE SUBMISSION & SELF-EFFACEM5T 7,F9E #a#i#h#f74 ,! N>CISSI/ SYMPTOMS >E FEEL+S ( EMPT9ESS1 UNREALITY1 ALI5ATION1 LIFE AS NO MORE ?AN A SUCCESSION ( MOM5TS1 ACCOMPANI$ BY A LONG+ = P[]FUL AUTONOMY & SELF-E/EEM 7,AL=D #a#i#h#h1 ,GRUNB]G] #a#i#g#i74 ,GIV5 ! APPROPRIAT5ESS ( !SE 0SYMPTOMS0 & DESIRES IT IS LITTLE WOND] ?AT N>CISSISM CAN BE SE5 AS A POT5TIALLY EMANCIPATORY =CE 7,ZWEIG #a#i#h74 ,ITS DEM& = TOTAL SATISFACTION IS OBVI\SLY A SUBV]SIVE 9DIVIDUALISM1 AT A M9IMUM4 

,! N>CISSI/ 0HATES TIME1 D5IES TIME0 7LETT] TO AU?OR1 ,AL=D #a#i#i#c7 & ?IS1 AS ALWAYS1 PROVOKES A SEV]E REACTION FROM ! DEF5D]S ( TIME & AU?ORITY4 ,PSY*IATRI/ ,E4 ,M>K ,/]N 7#a#i#g#g71 = 9/ANCE3 0,S9CE TIME BEG9S BEYOND ONE'S CONTROL ONE MU/ CORRESPOND TO ITS DEM&S4444 ,C\RAGE IS ! ANTI!SIS ( N>CISSISM40 ,?IS CONDITION1 :I* C]TA9LY MAY 9CLUDE NEGATIVE ASPECTS1 CONTA9S ! G]M ( A DIFF]5T REALITY PR9CIPLE1 AIM+ AT ! NON-TIME ( P]FECTION :]E9 BE+ & BECOM+ >E ONE & 9CLUD+1 IMPLICITLY1 A HALT TO TIME4 

,TIME 9 ,SCI5CE 

,I'M NOT A SCI5TI/ BUT ,I DO KN[ ?AT ALL ?+S BEG9 & 5D 9 ET]NITY4 

,! ,MAN ,:O ,FELL TO ,E>?1 ,WALT] ,TEVIS 

,SCI5CE1 = \R PURPOSES1 DOES NOT COMM5T ON TIME & E/RANGEM5T ) ANY:]E NE> ! DIRECTNESS (1 SAY1 PSY*OLOGY4 ,BUT SCI5CE CAN BE RE-CON/RU$ TO %$ LI<T ON ! TOPIC AT H&1 BECAUSE ( ! MANY P>ALLELS BETWE5 SCI5TIFIC !ORY & HUMAN AFFAIRS4 

0,TIME10 DECID$ ,N4,A4 ,KOZYREV 7#a#i#g#a71 0IS ! MO/ IMPORTANT & ! MO/ MY/]I\S PH5OM5ON ( ,NATURE4 ,ITS NOTION IS BEYOND ! GRASP ( IMAG9ATION40 ,SOME SCI5TI/S1 9 FACT1 HAVE FELT 7E4G4 ,D+LE #a#i#f#f7 ?AT 0ALL ! REAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! NOTION ( TIME >E 9DEP5D5T ( PHYSICS40 ,SCI5CE1 & PHYSICS 9 P>TICUL>1 MAY 9DE$ NOT HAVE ! LA/ WORD2 IT IS ANO!R S\RCE ( COMM5T>Y1 H[EV]1 ?\< ITSELF ALI5AT$ & G5]ALLY 9DIRECT4 

,IS 0PHYSICAL TIME0 ! SAME AS ! TIME ( :I* WE >E CONSCI\S2 IF NOT1 H[ DOES IT DIFF]8 ,9 PHYSICS1 TIME SEEMS TO BE AN UNDEF9$ BASIC DIM5SION1 AS MU* A TAK5-=-GRANT$ GIV5 AS IT IS \TSIDE ! REALM ( SCI5CE4 ,?IS IS ONE WAY TO REM9D \RSELVES ?AT1 AS ) EV]Y O!R K9D ( ?9K+1 SCI5TIFIC IDEAS >E MEAN+LESS \TSIDE !IR CULTURAL CONTEXT4 ,!Y >E SYMPTOMS ( & SYMBOL = ! WAYS ( LIV+ ?AT GIVE RISE TO !M4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,NIETZS*E1 ALL WRIT+ IS 9H]5TLY METAPHORICAL1 EV5 ?\< SCI5CE IS R>ELY LOOK$ AT ?IS WAY4 ,SCI5CE HAS DEVELOP$ BY DRAW+ AN 9CREAS+LY %>P SEP>ATION BETWE5 9N] & \T] WORLDS1 BETWE5 DREAM & 0REALITY04 ,?IS HAS BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! MA!MATIZATION ( NATURE1 :I* HAS L>GELY MEANT ?AT ! SCI5TI/ PROCE$S BY A ME?OD ?AT DEB>S HIM OR H] FROM ! L>G] CONTEXT1 9CLUD+ ! ORIG9S & SIGNIFICANCE ( HIS_/H] PROJECTS4 ,NONE!LESS1 AS ,H4,P4 ,ROB9SON 7#a#i#f#d7 /AT$1 0! COSMOLOGIES :I* HUMANITY HAS SET UP AT V>I\S TIMES & 9 V>I\S LOCALITIES 9EVITABLY REFLECT ! PHYSICAL & 9TELLECTUAL 5VIRONM5T1 9CLUD+ ABOVE ALL ! 9T]E/S & CULTURE ( EA* SOCIETY40 

,SUBJECTIVE TIME1 AS ,P4,C4,W4 ,DAVIES PO9T$ \T 7#a#i#h#a71 0POSSESSES APP>5T QUALITIES ?AT >E ABS5T FROM ! '\TSIDE' WORLD & :I* >E FUNDAM5TAL TO \R CONCEPTION ( REALITY0--PR9CIPALLY ! 0PASS+0 ( TIME4 ,\R S5SE ( SEP>ATION FROM ! WORLD [ES L>GELY TO ?IS DISCREPANCY4 ,WE EXI/ 9 TIME 7& ALI5ATION71 BUT TIME IS NOT F\ND 9 ! PHYSICAL WORLD4 ,! TIME V>IABLE1 ?\< USEFUL TO SCI5CE1 IS A !ORETICAL CON/RUCT4 0,! LAWS ( SCI5CE10 ,/EPH5 ,HAWK+ 7#a#i#h#h7 EXPLA9$1 0DO NOT DI/+UI% BETWE5 PA/ & FUTURE40 ,E9/E9 HAD GONE FUR!R ?AN ?IS SOME ?IRTY YE>S E>LI]2 9 ONE ( HIS LA/ LETT]S1 HE WROTE ?AT 0,PEOPLE LIKE US1 :O BELIEVE 9 PHYSICS1 KN[ ?AT ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 PA/1 PRES5T & FUTURE IS ONLY A /UBBORN1 P]SI/5T ILLUSION40 ,BUT SCI5CE P>TAKES ( SOCIETY 9 O!R WAYS CONC]N+ TIME1 & V]Y DEEPLY4 ,! MORE 0RATIONAL0 IT BECOMES1 ! MORE V>IATIONS 9 TIME >E SUPPRESS$4 ,!ORETICAL PHYSICS GEOMETRIZES TIME BY CONCEIV+ IT AS A /RAI<T L9E1 = EXAMPLE4 ,SCI5CE DOES NOT /& AP>T =M ! CULTURAL HI/ORY ( TIME4 

,AS IMPLI$ ABOVE1 H[EV]1 PHYSICS DOES NOT CONTA9 ! IDEA ( A PRES5T 9/ANT ( TIME ?AT PASSES 7,P>K #a#i#g#b74 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! FUNDAM5TAL LAWS >E NOT ONLY COMPLETELY REV]SIBLE AS TO ! '>R[ ( TIME'--AS ,HAWK+ NOT$--BUT 0IRREV]SIBLE PH5OM5A APPE> AS ! RESULT ( ! P>TICUL> NATURE ( \R HUMAN COGNITION10 ACCORD+ TO ,WATANABE 7#a#i#e#c74 ,ONCE AGA9 WE F9D HUMAN EXP]I5CE PLAY+ A DECISIVE ROLE1 EV5 9 ?IS MO/ 0OBJECTIVE0 REALM4 ,ZEE 7#a#i#i#b7 PUT IT ?IS WAY3 0,TIME IS ?AT ONE CONCEPT 9 PHYSICS WE CAN'T TALK AB\T )\T DRAGG+ 91 AT SOME LEVEL1 CONSCI\SNESS40 

,EV5 9 SEEM+LY /RAI<T=W>D >EAS AMBIGUITIES EXI/ :]E TIME IS CONC]N$4 ,:ILE ! COMPLEXITY ( ! MO/ COMPLEX SPECIES MAY 9CREASE1 = EXAMPLE1 NOT ALL SPECIES BECOME MORE COMPLEX1 PROMPT+ ,J4,M4 ,SMI? 7#a#i#g#b7 TO CONCLUDE ?AT IT IS 0DIFFICULT TO SAY :E!R EVOLUTION AS A :OLE HAS A DIRECTION40 

,9 T]MS ( ! COSMOS1 IT IS >GU$1 0TIME'S >R[0 IS AUTOMATICALLY 9DICAT$ BY ! FACT ?AT ! GALAXIES >E REC$+ AWAY FROM EA* O!R4 ,BUT !RE SEEMS TO BE VIRTUAL UNANIMITY ?AT AS F> AS ! BASICS ( PHYSICS >E CONC]N$1 ! 0FL[0 ( TIME IS IRRELEVANT & MAKES NO S5SE2 FUNDAM5TAL PHYSICAL LAWS >E COMPLETELY NEUTRAL ) REG>D TO ! DIRECTION ( TIME 7,MEHLB]G #a#i#f#a1 #a#i#g#a1 ,L&SB]G #a#i#h#b1 ,SQUIRES #a#i#h#f1 ,WATANABE #a#i#e#c1 #a#i#e#f1 ,SW9BURNE #a#i#h#f1 ,MORRIS #a#i#h#d1 ,MALLOVE #a#i#h#g1 ,D',ESPAGNANT #a#i#h#i1 ETC474 ,MOD]N PHYSICS EV5 PROVIDES SC5>IOS 9 :I* TIME CEASES TO EXI/ &1 9 REV]SE1 COMES 9TO EXI/5CE4 ,SO :Y IS \R WORLD ASYMMETRIC 9 TIME8 ,:Y CAN'T IT GO BACKW>D AS WELL AS =W>D8 ,?IS IS A P>ADOX1 9ASMU* AS ! 9DIVIDUAL MOLECUL> DYNAMICS >E ALL REV]SIBLE4 ,! MA9 PO9T1 TO :I* ,I WILL RETURN LAT]1 IS ?AT TIME'S >R[ REVEALS ITSELF AS COMPLEXITY DEVELOPS1 9 /RIK+ P>ALLEL ) ! SOCIAL WORLD4 

,! FL[ ( TIME MANIFE/S ITSELF 9 ! CONTEXT ( FUTURE & PA/1 & !Y 9 TURN DEP5D ON A REF]5T KN[N AS ! N[4 ,) ,E9/E9 & RELATIVITY1 IT IS CLE> ?AT !RE IS NO UNIV]SAL PRES5T3 WE CANNOT SAY IT IS 0N[0 ?R\<\T ! UNIV]SE4 ,!RE IS NO FIX$ 9T]VAL AT ALL ?AT IS 9DEP5D5T ( ! SY/EM TO :I* IT REF]S1 JU/ AS ALI5ATION IS DEP5D5T ON ITS CONTEXT4 

,TIME IS ?US ROBB$ ( ! AUTONOMY & OBJECTIVITY IT 5JOY$ 9 ! ,NEWTONIAN WORLD4 ,IT IS DEF9ITELY MORE 9DIVIDUALLY DEL9EAT$1 9 ,E9/E9'S REVELATIONS1 ?AN ! ABSOLUTE & UNIV]SAL MON>* IT HAD BE54 ,TIME IS RELATIVE TO SPECIFIC CONDITIONS & V>IES ACCORD+ TO SU* FACTORS AS SPE$ & GRAVITATION4 ,BUT IF TIME HAS BECOME MORE 0DEC5TRALIZ$01 IT HAS ALSO COLONIZ$ SUBJECTIVITY MORE ?AN EV] BE=E4 ,AS TIME & ALI5ATION HAVE BECOME ! RULE ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 !RE IS LITTLE SOLACE 9 KN[+ ?AT !Y >E DEP5D5T ON V>Y+ CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,! RELIEF COMES 9 ACT+ ON ?IS UND]/&+2 IT IS ! 9V>IANCE ( ALI5ATION ?AT CAUSES ! ,NEWTONIAN MODEL ( 9DEP5D5TLY FL[+ TIME TO HOLD SWAY )9 US1 LONG AFT] ITS !ORETICAL F\NDATIONS W]E ELIM9AT$ BY RELATIVITY4 

,QUANTUM !ORY1 DEAL+ ) ! SMALLE/ P>TS ( ! UNIV]SE1 IS KN[N AS ! FUNDAM5TAL !ORY ( MATT]4 ,! CORE ( QUANTUM !ORY FOLL[S O!R FUNDAM5TAL PHYSICAL !ORIES1 LIKE RELATIVITY1 9 MAK+ NO DI/9CTION 9 ! DIRECTION ( TIME 7,COV5Y & ,HI<FIELD #a#i#i74 ,A BASIC PREMISE IS 9DET]M9ISM1 9 :I* ! MOVEM5T ( P>TICLES AT ?IS LEVEL IS A MATT] ( PROBABILITIES4 ,ALONG ) SU* ELEM5TS AS POSITRONS1 :I* CAN BE REG>D$ AS ELECTRONS MOV+ BACKW>D 9 TIME1 & TA*YONS1 FA/]-?AN-LI<T P>TICLES ?AT G5]ATE EFFECTS & CONTEXTS REV]S+ ! TEMPORAL ORD] 7,GRIBB9 #a#i#g#i1 ,L9DLEY #a#i#i#c71 QUANTUM PHYSICS HAS RAIS$ FUNDAM5TAL QUE/IONS AB\T TIME & CAUSALITY4 ,9 ! QUANTUM MICR[ORLD COMMON ACAUSAL RELATION%IPS HAVE BE5 DISCOV]$ ?AT TRANSC5D TIME & PUT 9TO QUE/ION ! V]Y NOTION ( ! ORD]+ ( EV5TS 9 TIME4 ,!RE CAN BE 0CONNECTIONS & CORRELATIONS BETWE5 V]Y DI/ANT EV5TS 9 ! ABS5CE ( ANY 9T]M$I>Y =CE OR SIGNAL0 :I* OCCUR 9/ANTANE\SLY 7,ZOH> #a#i#h#b1 ,ASPECT #a#i#h#b74 ,! EM95T ,AM]ICAN PHYSICI/ ,JOHN ,:EEL] HAS CALL$ ATT5TION 7#a#i#g#g1 #a#i#h1 #a#i#h#f7 TO PH5OM5A 9 :I* ACTION TAK5 N[ AFFECTS ! C\RSE ( EV5TS ?AT HAVE ALREADY HAPP5$4 

,GLEICK 7#a#i#i#b7 SUMM$ UP ! SITUATION AS FOLL[S3 0,) SIMULTANEITY GONE1 SEQU5TIALITY WAS F\ND]+1 CAUSALITY WAS UND] PRESSURE1 & SCI5TI/S G5]ALLY FELT !MSELVES FREE TO CONSID] TEMPORAL POSSIBILITIES ?AT W\LD HAVE SEEM$ F>-FET*$ A G5]ATION BE=E40 ,AT LEA/ ONE APPROA* 9 QUANTUM PHYSICS HAS ATTEMPT$ TO REMOVE ! NOTION ( TIME ALTOGE!R 7,J4,G4 ,TAYLOR #a#i#g#b72 ,D4 ,P>K 7#a#i#g#b71 = 9/ANCE1 SAID1 0,I PREF] ! ATEMPORAL REPRES5TATION TO ! TEMPORAL ONE40 

,! BEWILD]+ SITUATION 9 SCI5CE F9DS ITS MAT* 9 ! EXTREMITY ( ! SOCIAL WORLD4 ,ALI5ATION1 LIKE TIME1 PRODUCES EV] GREAT] ODDITIES & PRESSURES3 ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL QUE/IONS F9ALLY1 ALMO/ NECESS>ILY1 EM]GE 9 BO? CASES4 

,/4 ,AUGU/9E'S FIF? C5TURY COMPLA9T WAS ?AT HE DIDN'T UND]/& :AT ! MEASUREM5T ( TIME REALLY CONSI/$ (4 ,E9/E91 ADMITT+ ! 9ADEQUACY ( HIS COMM5T1 (T5 DEF9$ TIME AS 0:AT A CLOCK MEASURES40 ,QUANTUM PHYSICS1 = ITS P>T1 POSITS ! 9SEP>ABILITY ( MEASUR] & :AT IS MEASUR$4 ,VIA A PROCESS PHYSICI/S DON'T CLAIM TO UND]/& FULLY1 ! ACT ( OBS]VATION OR MEASUREM5T NOT ONLY REVEALS A P>TICLE'S CONDITION BUT ACTUALLY DET]M9ES IT 7,PAGELS #a#i#h#c74 ,?IS HAS PROMPT$ ,:EEL] 7#a#i#h#d7 TO ASK1 0,IS EV]Y?+--9CLUD+ TIME--BUILT FROM NO?+NESS BY ACTS ( OBS]V]-P>TICIPANCY80 ,AGA9 A /RIK+ P>ALLEL1 = ALI5ATION1 AT EV]Y LEVEL & FROM ITS ORIG91 REQUIRES EXACTLY SU* P>TICIPATION1 VIRTUALLY AS A MATT] ( DEF9ITION4 

,TIME'S >R[--IRREVOCABLE1 ONE-DIRECTION-ONLY TIME--IS ! MON/] ?AT HAS PROV5 ITSELF MORE T]RIFY+ ?AN ANY PHYSICAL PROJECTILE4 ,DIRECTIONLESS TIME IS NOT TIME AT ALL1 & ,CAMBEL 7#a#i#i#c7 ID5TIFIES TIME DIRECTIONALITY AS 0A PRIM>Y *>ACT]I/IC ( COMPLEX SY/EMS40 ,! TIME-REV]SIBLE BEHAVIOR ( ATOMIC P>TICLES IS 0G5]ALLY COMMUT$ 9TO BEHAVIOR ( ! SY/EM ?AT IS IRREV]SIBLE10 CONCLUD$ ,S*LEGEL 7#a#i#f#a74 ,IF NOT ROOT$ 9 ! MICRO WORLD1 :]E DOES TIME COME FROM8 ,:]E DOES \R TIME-B\ND WORLD COME FROM8 ,IT IS H]E ?AT WE 5C\NT] A PROVOCATIVE ANALOGY4 ,! SMALL SCALE WORLD DESCRIB$ BY PHYSICS1 ) ITS MY/]I\S *ANGE 9TO ! MACRO WORLD ( COMPLEX SY/EMS1 IS ANALOG\S TO ! 0PRIMITIVE0 SOCIAL WORLD & ! ORIG9S ( DIVISION ( LABOR1 LEAD+ TO COMPLEX1 CLASS-DIVID$ SOCIETY ) ITS APP>5TLY IRREV]SIBLE 0PROGRESS04 

,A G5]ALLY HELD T5ET ( PHYSICAL !ORY IS ?AT ! >R[ ( TIME IS DEP5D5T ON ! ,SECOND ,LAW ( ,!RMODYNAMICS 7E4G4 ,REI*5BA* #a#i#e#f71 :I* ASS]TS ?AT ALL SY/EMS T5D T[>D EV] GREAT] DISORD] OR 5TROPY4 ,! PA/ IS ?US MORE ORD]LY ?AN ! FUTURE4 ,SOME PROPON5TS ( ! ,SECOND ,LAW 7E4G4 ,BOLTZMANN #a#h#f#f7 HAVE F\ND 9 5TROPIC 9CREASE ! V]Y MEAN+ ( ! PA/-FUTURE DI/9CTION4 

,?IS G5]AL PR9CIPLE ( IRREV]SIBILITY WAS DEVELOP$ 9 ! MIDDLE DECADES ( ! #a#i? C5TURY1 BEG9N+ ) ,C>NOT 9 #a#h#b#d1 :5 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM ITSELF REA*$ ITS APP>5T NONREV]SIBLE PO9T4 ,IF EVOLUTION WAS ! C5TURY'S OPTIMI/IC APPLICATION ( IRREV]SIBLE TIME1 ! ,SECOND ,LAW ( ,!RMODYNAMICS WAS ITS PESSIMI/IC ONE4 ,9 ITS ORIG9AL T]MS1 IT PICTUR$ A UNIV]SE AS AN 5ORM\S HEAT 5G9E RUNN+ D[N1 :]E WORK BECAME 9CREAS+LY SUBJECT TO 9EFFICI5CY & DISORD]4 ,BUT NATURE1 AS ,TODA 7#a#i#g#h7 NOTIC$1 IS NOT AN 5G9E1 DOES NOT WORK1 & IS NOT CONC]N$ ) 0ORD]0 OR 0DISORD]04 ,! CULTURAL ASPECT ( ?IS !ORY--NAMELY1 CAPITAL'S FE> = ITS FUTURE--IS H>D TO MISS4 

,ONE HUNDR$ & FIFTY YE>S LAT]1 !ORETICAL PHYSICI/S REALIZE ?AT ! ,SECOND ,LAW & ITS SUPPOS$ EXPLANATION ( ! >R[ ( TIME CANNOT BE CONSID]$ A SOLV$ PROBLEM 7,N1EMAN #a#i#h#b74 ,MANY SUPPORT]S ( REV]SIBLE TIME 9 NATURE CONSID] ! ,SECOND ,LAW TOO SUP]FICIAL1 A SECOND>Y LAW NOT A PRIM>Y ONE 7E4G4 ,HAK5 #a#i#h#h1 ,P5ROSE #a#i#h#i74 ,O!RS 7E4G4 ,SKL> #a#i#h#e7 F9D ! V]Y CONCEPT ( 5TROPY ILL-DEF9$ & PROBLEMATIC1 &1 RELAT$ TO ! *>GE ( SUP]FICIALITY1 IT IS >GU$ ?AT ! PH5OM5A DESCRIB$ BY ! ,SECOND ,LAW CAN BE ASCRIB$ TO P>TICUL> 9ITIAL CONDITIONS & DO NOT REPRES5T ! WORK+S ( A G5]AL PR9CIPLE 7,DAVIES #a#i#h#a1 ,B>R[ #a#i#i#a74 ,FUR!RMORE1 NOT EV]Y PAIR ( EV5TS ?AT BE> ! 0AFT]W>DS0 RELATION ! ONE TO ! O!R BE> AN 5TROPIC DIFF]5CE4 ,! SCI5CE ( COMPLEXITY 7) A WID] SCOPE ?AN *AOS !ORY7 HAS DISCOV]$ ?AT NOT ALL SY/EMS T5D T[>D DISORD] 7,LEW9 #a#i#i#b71 ALSO CONTR>Y TO ! ,SECOND ,LAW4 ,MOREOV]1 ISOLAT$ SY/EMS1 9 :I* NO EX*ANGES ) ! 5VIRONM5T >E ALL[$1 DISPLAY ! ,SECOND ,LAW'S IRREV]SIBLE TR5D2 EV5 ! UNIV]SE MAY NOT BE SU* A CLOS$ SY/EM4 ,SKL> 7#a#i#g#d7 PO9TS \T ?AT WE DON'T KN[ :E!R ! TOTAL 5TROPY ( ! UNIV]SE IS 9CREAS+1 DECREAS+1 OR REMA9+ /ATION>Y4 

,DESPITE SU* APORIAS & OBJECTIONS1 A MOVEM5T T[>D AN 0IRREV]SIBLE PHYSICS0 BAS$ ON ! ,SECOND ,LAW IS UND]WAY1 ) QUITE 9T]E/+ IMPLICATIONS4 #aigg ,NOBEL ,LAUREATE ,ILYA ,PRIGOG9E SEEMS TO BE ! MO/ TIRELESS & PUBLIC ADVOCATE ( ! VIEW ?AT !RE IS AN 9NATE UNIDIRECTIONAL TIME AT ALL LEVELS ( EXI/5CE4 ,:]EAS ! FUNDAM5TALS ( EV]Y MAJOR SCI5TIFIC !ORY1 AS NOT$1 >E NEUTRAL ) RESPECT TO TIME1 ,PRIGOG9E GIVES TIME A PRIM>Y EMPHASIS 9 ! UNIV]SE4 ,IRREV]SIBILITY IS = HIM & HIS LIKE-M9D$ FELL[ BELIEV]S AN OV]->*+ PRIMAL AXIOM4 ,9 SUPPOS$LY NONP>TISAN SCI5CE1 ! QUE/ION ( TIME HAS CLE>LY BECOME A POLITICAL MATT]4 

,PRIGOG9E 7#a#i#h#e71 9 A SYMPOSIUM SPONSOR$ BY ,HONDA & PROMOT+ SU* PROJECTS AS ,>TIFICIAL ,9TELLIG5CE3 0,QUE/IONS SU* AS ! ORIG9 ( LIFE1 ! ORIG9 ( ! UNIV]SE1 OR ! ORIG9 ( MATT]1 CAN NO LONG] BE DISCUSS$ )\T REC\RSE TO IRREV]SIBILITY40 ,IT IS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT NON-SCI5TI/ ,ALV9 ,T(FL]1 ,AM]ICA'S LEAD+ *E]LEAD] = A HI<-TE* WORLD1 PROVID$ AN 5?USIA/IC =W>D = ONE ( ! BASIC TEXTS ( ! PRO-TIME CAMPAIGN1 ,PRIGOG9E & ,/5G]'S ,ORD] ,\T ( ,*AOS 7#a#i#h#d74 ,PRIGOG9E DISCIPLE ,]V9 ,LASZLO1 9 A BID TO LEGITIMATE & EXT5D ! DOGMA ( UNIV]SALLY IRREV]SIBLE TIME1 ASKS :E!R ! LAWS ( NATURE >E APPLICABLE TO ! HUMAN WORLD4 ,HE SOON ANSW]S1 9 EFFECT1 HIS [N DIS+5U\S QUE/ION 7#a#i#h#e73 0,! G5]AL IRREV]SIBILITY ( TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATION OV]RIDES ! 9DET]M9ACY ( 9DIVIDUAL PO9TS ( BIFURCATION & DRIVES ! PROCESSES ( HI/ORY 9 ! OBS]V$ DIRECTION FROM PRIMITIVE TRIBES TO MOD]N TE*NO-9DU/RIAL /ATES40 ,H[ 0SCI5TIFIC06 ,?IS TRANSPOSITION FROM ! 0LAWS ( NATURE0 TO ! SOCIAL WORLD C\LD H>DLY BE IMPROV$ ON AS A DESCRIPTION ( TIME1 DIVISION ( LABOR1 & ! MEGA-MA*9E CRU%+ ! AUTONOMY OR 0REV]SIBILITY0 ( HUMAN DECISION4 ,LEGGETT 7#a#i#h#g7 EXPRESS$ ?IS P]FECTLY3 0,SO IT W\LD SEEM ?AT ! >R[ ( TIME :I* APPE>S 9 ! APP>5TLY IMP]SONAL SUBJECT ( !RMODYNAMICS IS 9TIMATELY RELAT$ TO :AT WE1 AS HUMAN AG5TS1 CAN OR CANNOT DO40 

,IT IS DELIV]ANCE FROM 0*AOS0 :I* ,PRIGOG9E & O!RS PROMISE ! RUL+ SY/EM1 US+ ! MODEL ( IRREV]SIBLE TIME4 ,CAPITAL HAS ALWAYS REIGN$ 9 FE> ( 5TROPY OR DISORD]4 ,RESI/ANCE1 ESPECIALLY RESI/ANCE TO WORK1 IS ! REAL 5TROPY1 :I* TIME1 HI/ORY1 & PROGRESS CON/ANTLY SEEK TO BANI%4 ,PRIGOG9E & ,/5G] 7#a#i#h#d7 WROTE3 0,IRREV]SIBILITY IS EI!R TRUE ON ALL LEVELS OR NONE40 ,ALL OR NO?+1 ALWAYS ! ULTIMATE /AKES ( ! GAME4 

,S9CE CIVILIZATION SUBJUGAT$ HUMANITY WE HAVE HAD TO LIVE ) ! MELAN*OLY IDEA ?AT \R HI<E/ ASPIRATIONS >E P]HAPS IMPOSSIBLE 9 A WORLD ( /EADILY M\NT+ TIME4 ,! MORE ?AT PLEASURE & UND]/&+ >E DEF]R$1 MOV$ \T ( REA*--& ?IS IS ! ESS5CE ( CIVILIZATION--! MORE PALPABLE IS ! DIM5SION ( TIME4 ,NO/ALGIA = ! PA/1 FASC9ATION ) ! IDEA ( TIME TRAVEL1 & ! HEAT$ QUE/ = 9CREAS$ LONGEVITY >E SOME ( ! SYMPTOMS ( TIME SICKNESS1 & !RE SEEMS TO BE NO READY CURE4 0,:AT DOES NOT ELAPSE 9 TIME IS ! LAPSE ( TIME ITSELF10 AS ,M]LEAU-,PONTY 7#a#i#d#e7 REALIZ$4 

,9 ADDITION TO ! G5]AL ANTIPA?Y AT L>GE1 H[EV]1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO PO9T \T SOME REC5T SPECIFICS ( OPPOSITION4 ,! ,SOCIETY = ! ,RET>DATION ( ,TIME WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 #aii & HAS A FEW HUNDR$ MEMB]S 9 F\R ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES4 ,LESS :IMSICAL ?AN IT MAY S\ND1 ITS MEMB]S >E COMMITT$ TO REV]S+ ! CONTEMPOR>Y ACCEL]ATION ( TIME 9 EV]YDAY LIFE1 T[>D ! AIM ( BE+ ALL[$ TO LIVE MORE SATISFY+ LIVES4 ,MI*AEL ,!UNISS5'S ,NEGATIVE ,!OLOGY ( ,TIME APPE>$ 9 #a#i#i#a1 AIM$ EXPLICITLY AT :AT IT SEES AS ! ULTIMATE HUMAN 5EMY4 ,?IS WORK HAS 5G5D]$ A V]Y LIVELY DEBATE 9 PHILOSOPHICAL CIRCLES 7,P5TA #a#i#i#c71 DUE TO ITS DEM& = A NEGATIVE RECONSID]ATION ( TIME4 

0,TIME IS ! ONE S+LE MOVEM5T APPROPRIATE TO ITSELF 9 ALL ITS P>TS10 WROTE ,M]LEAU-,PONTY 7#a#i#f#b74 ,H]E WE SEE ! FULLNESS ( ALI5ATION 9 ! SEP>AT$ WORLD ( CAPITAL4 ,TIME IS ?\<T ( BY US BE=E ITS P>TS2 IT ?US REVEALS ! TOTALITY4 ,! CRISIS ( TIME IS ! CRISIS ( ! :OLE4 ,ITS TRIUMPH1 APP>5TLY WELL E/ABLI%$1 WAS 9 FACT NEV] COMPLETE AS LONG AS ANYONE C\LD QUE/ION ! FIR/ PREMISES ( ITS BE+4 

,ABOVE ,LAKE ,SILVIPLANA1 ,NIETZS*E F\ND ! 9SPIRATION = ,?US ,SPAKE ,Z>A?U/RA4 0,SIX ?\S& FEET ABOVE M5 & TIME44410 HE WROTE 9 HIS J\RNAL4 ,BUT TIME CANNOT BE TRANSC5D$ BY MEANS ( A L(TY CONTEMPT = HUMANITY1 BECAUSE OV]COM+ ! ALI5ATION ?AT IT G5]ATES IS NOT A SOLIT>Y PROJECT4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ,I PREF] ,REXRO?'S 7#a#i#f#h7 =MULATION3 0! ONLY ,ABSOLUTE IS ! ,COMMUNITY ( ,LOVE ) :I* ,TIME 5DS40 

,CAN WE PUT AN 5D TO TIME8 ,ITS MOVEM5T CAN BE SE5 AS ! MA/] & MEASURE ( A SOCIAL EXI/5CE ?AT HAS BECOME 9CREAS+LY EMPTY & TE*NICIZ$4 ,AV]SE TO ALL ?AT IS SPONTANE\S & IMM$IATE1 TIME MORE & MORE CLE>LY REVEALS ITS BOND ) ALI5ATION4 ,! SCOPE ( \R PROJECT ( R5EWAL MU/ 9CLUDE ! 5TIRE L5G? ( ?IS JO9T DOM9ATION4 ,DIVID$ LIFE WILL BE REPLAC$ BY ! POSSIBILITY ( LIV+ COMPLETELY & :OLLY-- TIMELESSLY--ONLY :5 WE ]ASE ! PRIM>Y CAUSES ( ?AT DIVISION4 

,WE HAVE GONE ALONG ) ! SUB/ANTIATION ( TIME SO ?AT IT SEEMS A FACT ( NATURE1 A P[] EXI/+ 9 ITS [N RI<T4 ,! GR[? ( A S5SE ( TIME--! ACCEPTANCE ( TIME--IS A PROCESS ( ADAPTATION TO AN EV] MORE REIFI$ WORLD4 ,IT IS A CON/RUCT$ DIM5SION1 ! MO/ ELEM5TAL ASPECT ( CULTURE4 ,TIME'S 9EXORABLE NATURE PROVIDES ! ULTIMATE MODEL ( DOM9ATION4 

,ALL RITUAL IS AN ATTEMPT1 ?R\< SYMBOLISM1 TO RETURN TO ! TIMELESS /ATE4 ,RITUAL IS A GE/URE ( AB/RACTION FROM ?AT /ATE1 H[EV]1 A FALSE /EP ?AT ONLY LEADS FUR!R AWAY4 ,! 0TIMELESSNESS0 ( NUMB] IS P>T ( ?IS TRAJECTORY1 & CONTRIBUTES MU* TO TIME AS A FIX$ CONCEPT4 

,) ! HELP ( ! />S1 ! YE> & ITS DIVISIONS EXI/ AS 9/RUM5TS ( ORGANIZATIONAL AU?ORITY 7,LEA* #a#i#e#d74 ,! =MATION ( A CAL5D> IS BASIC TO ! =MATION ( A CIVILIZATION4 ,! CAL5D> WAS ! FIR/ SYMBOLIC >TIFACT ?AT REGULAT$ SOCIAL BEHAVIOR BY KEEP+ TRACK ( TIME4 ,& :AT IS 9VOLV$ IS NOT ! CONTROL ( TIME BUT ITS OPPOSITE3 5CLOSURE BY TIME 9 A WORLD ( V]Y REAL ALI5ATION4 

,9 ! WORLD ( ALI5ATION NO ADULT CAN CONTRIVE OR DECREE ! FRE$OM FROM TIME ?AT ! *ILD HABITUALLY 5JOYS--& MU/ BE MADE TO LOSE4 ,TIME TRA9+1 ! ESS5CE ( S*OOL+1 IS VITALLY IMPORTANT TO SOCIETY4 ,?IS TRA9+1 AS ,FRAS] 7#a#i#h#d7 V]Y COG5TLY PUTS IT1 0BE>S 9 ALMO/ P>ADIGMATIC =M ! FEATURES ( A CIVILIZ+ PROCESS40 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,TIME & ITS ,DISCONT5TS -- ,UPDAT$4 

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