,*APT] #c 
,ONE /RUGGLE1 ONE FI<T 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

#c3 ,ONE /RUGGLE1 ONE FI<T 

,ECONOMY & ECOCIDE 

,BO? ANIMAL & E>? LIB]ATION (F] KEY FOO?OLDS 9 ! IMAG9ATION1 BUT WE'RE NOT !RE YET4 ,Y\ C\LD SAY ANTI-SPECIESISM & DEEP ECOLOGY >E REVOLUTION>Y1 YET NOT NECESS>ILY 9 A POLITICAL S5SE1 ONLY A MORAL ONE4 ,9DE$1 ! BE/-KN[N ?9K]S ( BO? MOVEM5TS - ,PET] ,S+] & ,>NE ,NAESS - S\<T TO ANALYZE ! OPPRESSION ( O!R ANIMALS & ! E>? 9 ISOLATION FROM A CRITIQUE ( ! /ATE & CAPITAL1 TAK+ IT = GRANT$ ?AT ! SY/EM ISN'T 9H]5TLY ECOCIDAL4 ,BO? 9TELLECTUAL MOVEM5TS - !MSELVES \TCOMES ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT - !REBY F\ND !MSELVES LOOK+ AT OPPRESSION 9 A WAY SUSPICI\SLY SIMIL> TO ID5TITY POLITICS1 (F]+ PRACTICAL PROPOSALS FOCUS$ >\ND P]SONALI/IC EVOLUTION & LEGISLATIVE *ANGE4 ,! CORRESPOND+ ACTIVI/ MOVEM5TS HAVE1 ( C\RSE1 (T5 UTILIZ$ MU* MORE RADICAL TACTICS1 BUT EV5 MILITANT /RATEGIES RUN A C]TA9 RISK3 PROMOT+ ANIMAL OR E>? LIB]ATION 9 SEP>ATION FROM AN ASSAULT ON SOCIAL HI]>*Y OV]ALL4 

,! !ORY ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY 9TRODUC$ BY ,BOOK*9 IS EXTREMELY USEFUL H]E4 ,! PO9T ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 AS ! T]M SUGGE/S1 IS TO PROVIDE A COMB9$ ANALYSIS ( SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL ISSUES4 ,MORE SPECIFICALLY1 ,BOOK*9 >GU$ ?AT ! DOM9ATION ( ! NATURAL WORLD IS ROOT$ 9 DOM9ATION )9 SOCIETY1 ESPECIALLY HI]>*IES SU* AS ! /ATE1 CAPITALISM1 & PATRI>*Y4 ,! WAYS 9 :I* HUMANS MI/REAT NONHUMANS >E 9 SO MANY WAYS AN EXT5SION ( H[ HUMANS MI/REAT ONE ANO!R2 H5CE1 RAMPANT HI]>*Y BETWE5 \RSELVES CAN ONLY LEAD TO ! SUBJUGATION ( LIFE 9 G5]AL4 ,IT'S NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ?OSE SOCIETIES MO/ HEAVILY BURD5$ BY ECONOMIC 9EQUALITY >E ALMO/ ALWAYS ! ONES ?AT TREAT !IR 5VIRONM5T ! WOR/4 ,NOR %\LD WE EXPECT A LIB]AL RESPONSE1 ONE FOCUS$ ON PIECEMEAL RE=MS & CONSUM] *OICE1 TO EFFECTIVELY *ALL5GE ! DEVA/ATION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 A*IEV+ BALANCE )9 ,NATURE IS ONE & ! SAME ) CREAT+ A NONHI]>*ICAL SOCIETY1 :I* IS EXACTLY :Y MO/ SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S POSE SOCIAL REVOLUTION AS ! ONLY VIABLE RESPONSE TO ! GR[+ 5VIRONM5TAL CRISIS4 ,9 %ORT1 ?IS WORLD CANNOT BE MADE GRE53 PROMOT+ S\ND ECOLOGY MEANS CREAT+ NEW WORLDS ALTOGE!R4 

,! ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 9H]5T 9 CAPITALISM >E AMONG ! MO/ URG5T TO CONSID]4 ,IT'S BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY IMPOSSIBLE TO IGNORE ! ECOCIDAL T5D5CIES ( ! DOM9ANT MODE ( PRODUCTION2 F> FROM BE+ AN \TCOME M]ELY ( ?IS OR ?AT V]SION ( CAPITALISM1 H[EV]1 ! DEVA/ATION ( ! NATURAL WORLD /EMS FROM ITS SIMPLE/ & MO/ IRREVOCABLE FEATURES4 ,! BASIC MOTOR DRIV+ CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION IS ! NE$ = BUS9ESSES TO G5]ATE PR(IT4 ,& PR(IT IS G5]AT$ BY CONV]T+ NATURAL RES\RCES 9TO PRODUCTS ?AT >E SOLD ON ! M>KET4 ,MOREOV]1 BUS9ESSES WILL BE SUCCESSFUL1 9 ! EYES ( CAPITALI/ LOGIC1 TO ! EXT5T !Y'RE PR(ITABLE4 ,:I* MEANS ?AT ! SUCCESS ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY EQUATES1 R\<LY SPEAK+1 TO ! EXT5T TO :I* IT USES UP NATURAL RES\RCES4 ,! FACT ?AT BUS9ESSES >E 9C5TIVIZ$ TO USE !SE RES\RCES AS EFFICI5TLY AS POSSIBLE 7LESS MONEY SP5T ON PUR*AS+ & PROCESS+ !M7 MAKES LITTLE DIFF]5CE1 GIV5 ?AT ANY S\ND BUS9ESS WILL M]ELY RE9VE/ ! MONEY SAV$ 9TO CONSUM+ EV5 MORE1 !REBY MAXIMIZ+ PR(IT4 ,! BASIC EQUATION IS ?US1 ON ! ONE H&1 ?AT MORE PRODUCTION MEANS MORE PR(IT1 & ALSO ?AT MORE PRODUCTION MEANS MORE ECOCIDE4 

,CAPITALISM (F]S NO HOPE ( A WAY \T4 ,ITS NE$ = GR[? IS ABSOLUTELY 9SATIABLE4 ,)\T A*IEV+ CON/ANT ECONOMIC EXPANSION1 ANY BUS9ESS TEMPTS ! POSSIBILITY ( RECESSION OR EV5 BANKRUPTCY1 9VIT+ COMPETITORS TO UND]CUT ITS %>E ( ! M>KET4 ,) ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE1 TOO1 ! M]E FAILURE TO MA9TA9 5DLESS GR[? IS DEF9$ AS A CRISIS4 ,TO EV5 CONSID] A LIMIT TO ! CONV]SION ( \R LIV+1 BREA?+ 5VIRONM5T 9TO M]E /UFF SPEAKS A =EIGN LANGUAGE TO A CORPORATION4 

,IT'S NO MY/]Y ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! NATURAL WORLD HAS ALREADY BE5 DE/ROY$1 AS IS ONE & ! SAME ) ! SMOO? FUNCTION+ ( ! CAPITALI/ MA*9E4 ,& :AT A HIDE\S NOTION ( 0WEAL?0 IT (F]S3 COLLAPS$ FI%]IES1 WIP$ \T =E/S1 *EW$ UP L&SCAPES1 TOPSOIL TURN$ TO DU/1 FOSSIL FUEL RES]VES BL$ DRY4 ,F> FROM SL[+ D[N1 NO LESS1 ! RATE ( DEPLETION IS ONLY SPE$+ UP1 EXACTLY AS ! MANTRA ( CON/ANT GR[? REQUIRES4 ,S9CE ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION1 ESPECIALLY1 WE'VE BE5 LIV+ WELL BEYOND \R MEANS1 SOME?+ ?AT'S ONLY RIS5 5ORM\SLY S9CE ! MID-#b? C5TURY4 ,! ECONOMIC DEM& = HI<] LEVELS ( CONSUMPTION HAS BE5 MET ) AN EXPON5TIALLY RIS+ GLOBAL POPULATION ( CONSUM]S1 AS WELL AS ! FLOOD+ ( ! M>KET ) EV] MORE USELESS CRAP1 BUT IT CAN'T GO ON LIKE ?IS =EV]4 ,WE'RE HURTL+ T[>DS A CRUN* ( ONE SORT OR ANO!R1 & ONE ( TWO ?+S MU/ GO3 EI!R CAPITALISM1 OR ! PLANET4 

,LIFE & ! ECONOMY EXI/ 9 A FUNDAM5TAL /ATE ( T5SION ) ONE ANO!R4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! HEAL? ( ONE IS COEXT5SIVE ) ! DEVA/ATION ( ! O!R4 ,WE'RE NEV] F> FROM ! LATE/ REPORT EI!R ( A CATA/ROPHIC OIL SPILL OR 5DANG]$ SPECIES BE+ DRIV5 TO EXT9CTION1 NOR ANO!R 0REVELATION0 AS TO ! LIV+ HELL ( FACTORY F>MS4 ,YET ! BASIC CONTRADICTION ( LIB]AL DISC\RSE IS TO BEMOAN !SE HORRORS :IL/ REFUS+ TO QUE/ION ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ?AT NECESSITATE !M4 ,WE NE$ TO BE \TRAG$ )\T BE+ SURPRIS$3 ! CAUSE ( SU* ABJECT ABUSE CAN ONLY BE A MODE ( PRODUCTION ?AT DISREG>DS EV]Y?+ IRRELEVANT TO ! G5]ATION ( PR(IT4 ,ECONOMI/S DESCRIBE ?OSE FACTORS UNCONDUCIVE TO IMM$IATE GR[? SIMPLY AS 0EXT]NALITIES10 UN9TELLIGIBLE TO CAPITALI/ LOGIC & UTT]LY DEVOID ( CONC]N4 ,C>BON EMISSIONS1 = EXAMPLE1 >E RELEAS$ 9TO ! ATMOSPH]E M]ELY AS A SIDE-EFFECT ( 9DU/RIALIZ$ PRODUCTION2 GIV5 ?AT !RE'S NO ECONOMIC 9C5TIVE TO AVOID ?IS \TCOME1 ANY HOPE ( AN ALT]NATIVE IS QUITE FUTILE4 ,EV5 ! V]Y REAL ?REAT ( CLIMATE *ANGE - ! IMM95T RU9ATION ( LIFE AS WE KN[ IT - FAILS TO (F] A CONCEIVABLE PROBLEM = ! ECONOMY4 ,! LAWS ( ! M>KET LIT]ALLY DEEM IT IRRATIONAL TO DEAL ) SU* A PROBLEM1 GIV5 ?AT ANY CORPORATION W\LD BE BANKRUPT LONG BE=E ! PREV5TION ( CATA/ROPHE (F]$ ! *ANCE ( A RETURN TO ITS %>EHOLD]S4 ,NOR CAN WE EXPECT CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5TS TO 9T]V5E EFFECTIVELY 9/EAD1 PRECISELY BECAUSE !IR SUCCESS1 TOO1 IS MEASUR$ FIR/ & =EMO/ ) RESPECT TO %ORT-T]M ECONOMIC GR[?4 

,IT MI<T SEEM A /RANGE ?+1 !RE=E1 ?AT MO/ PEOPLE F9D !MSELVES GO+ ALONG ) BUS9ESS AS USUAL4 ,YET !RE'S AN IMPORTANT EXPLANATION H]E1 & ?AT'S 0GRE5 CAPITALISM0 - ! VILE/ ( OXYMORONS4 ,GRE5 CAPITALISM CAN BE SUMM>IZ$ AS ! IDEA ?AT ! M>KET CAN BE US$ TO FIX ! DEEP5+ 5VIRONM5TAL CRISIS4 ,IT BEGAN GA9+ 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR? 9 ! '#hS1 L>GELY 9 RESPONSE TO A COMB9ATION ( TWO FACTORS3 ON ! ONE H&1 CORPORATIONS REALIZ$ ?AT MANY CONSUM]S POSSESS$ A NEWF\ND1 S9C]E DESIRE TO PROTECT ! 5VIRONM5T2 ON ! O!R H&1 H[EV]1 ! MAJORITY ( !SE CONSUM]S SEEM$ TO PREF] AN 5VIRONM5TALISM COMPATIBLE ) ! PRES]VATION ( NORMALITY4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 GRE5 CAPITALISM APPEALS TO ! EXPECTATION ?AT ! HEAL? ( ! PLANET BE MA9TA9$ ALONGSIDE \R RES\RCE-9T5SIVE LIFE/YLES1 CEM5T$ AMONG ! BURGEON+ ,WE/]N MIDDLE CLASS ?R\<\T ! #b? C5TURY4 ,BUT REALLY ?IS 9DULG5CE IS ONLY ! ULTIMATE =M ( CONSUM]ISM1 PUTT+ A PRICE-TAG EV5 ON ! S5SE ( MORAL RI<TE\SNESS4 ,AS ! PLANET SUFFOCATES1 ! SOLUTION (F]$ BY GRE5 CAPITALISM IS TO CONSUME EV5 MORE1 AS IF WE'RE HONE/LY EXPECT$ TO BELIEVE ?AT ORGANIC MEAT1 HYBRID C>S1 & 5]GY-SAV+ LI<TBULBS >E GO+ TO SAVE US4 ,MO/ PEOPLE SIMPLY CANNOT AF=D ! LUXURY ( APPEAS+ !IR GUILT :IL/ ! 5VIRONM5T IS RAVAG$4 ,& EV5 IF WE SOMEH[ C\LD1 IT W\LDN'T MAKE MU* ( A DIFF]5CE1 GIV5 ?AT ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( POLLUTION - 9CLUD+ GRE5H\SE GASES - IS EMITT$ ONLY BY A RELATIVELY SMALL GR\P ( CORPORATIONS1 NOT ! SUM ( 9DIVIDUAL CONSUM]S4 ,! GRE5 ECONOMY M>KETS A MILLION DIFF]5T ?+S1 YET EA* ( !M IS ONLY A DIFF]5T V]SION ( ! SAME FUTILE PRODUCT3 ! HOPE ! PLANET CAN BE SAV$ )\T ATTACK+ ! ECONOMY4 

,ALL ! TALK ( 0SU/A9ABILITY0 IS BUT A DI/RACTION FROM QUE/ION+ ! UNQUE/IONABLE1 PA9T+ OV] ?AT :I* IS FUNDAM5TALLY ROTT54 ,:AT'S REALLY BE+ SU/A9$ H]E IS CAPITALISM1 NOT ! PLANET4 ,EV5 AN ALLEG$LY R5EWABLE CAPITALI/ ECONOMY - ONE BAS$1 = EXAMPLE1 ON 9DU/RIAL SOL>1 W9D1 OR TIDAL P[] - W\LD JU/ BE ANO!R MEANS ( P[]+ A SY/EM ?AT1 AT ITS CORE1 IS BO? ANTISOCIAL & ECOCIDAL4 ,ALL ! IDEA (F]S IS A GRE5WA%$ V]SION ( :AT WE ALREADY HAVE3 A MONOPOLY ON 5]GY HELD BY CORPORATIONS & ! /ATE1 RES\RCE-9T5SIVE CONSUMPTION = PRIVILEG$ MEMB]S ( SOCIETY1 & ! 9EVITABLE EXHAU/ION ( :AT LITTLE REMA9S ( ! LIV+ PLANET4 ,MOREOV]1 WE CAN H>DLY BE SURE A %IFT T[>DS R5EWABLES W\LD /OP CLIMATE *ANGE1 EV5 IF MO/ GOV]NM5TS SOMEH[ AGRE$ TO IT4 ,IT'S HI<LY D\BTFUL :E!R ! GLOBAL ECONOMY C\LD BE FUNDAM5TALLY RE/RUCTUR$ 9 TIME TO AV]T CATA/ROPHE4 ,NOR %\LD WE ASSUME ?AT1 COMP>$ ) MA9TA9+ A RELIANCE ON FOSSIL FUELS1 SU* IMM5SE CON/RUCTION EF=TS WON'T ACTUALLY RELEASE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE C>BON EMISSIONS 9 ! %ORT-T]M1 M>R+ \R EF=TS 9 ! DECISIVE YE>S AHEAD ( US4 

,!RE'S NO LIMIT TO ! HOLL[ EXCUSES ! DEF5D]S ( ! EXI/5T WILL ?R[ AT US4 ,BUT N[ IS ! TIME TO BE DONE ) !M1 DECISIVELY P>T+ WAYS ) ! C]TA9TIES ( ?IS WORLD1 :I* N[ADAYS (F] BUT ! C]TA9TY ( EXT9CTION4 ,= BIODIV]SITY TO \TLA/ ! C5TURY1 HUMANITY MU/ D>E TO CALL 9TO QUE/ION ! ECONOMY ITSELF4 ,:I* IS (T5 AN UN?9KABLE TASK1 GIV5 ?AT ! ECONOMY HAS BE5 ! MA9 B5EFICI>Y ( ! RELIGI\S URGE1 EAG]LY SEEK+ NEW =M S9CE ! DEA? ( ,GOD - ! /EADY )DRAWAL ( !ISM AS A /ABILIZ+ MORAL =CE4 ,YET !RE'S NO *ANCE = R$EMPTION H]E4 ,NO AFT]LIFE 9 :I* TO SEEK SALVATION1 NOR ANO!R PLANET TO ESCAPE TO4 ,! ECONOMY NE$S TO BE DE/ROY$4 ,IT HAS TO BE TORN D[N COMPLETELY4 ,OR ELSE IT WILL ONLY >RIVE AT ITS DE/9ATION1 COMPLET+ ITS SUICIDAL DA% = ! CLIFF $GE1 TAK+ EA* ( US ) IT4 

,DE/ROY+ ! ECONOMY ISN'T A MATT] ( =GETT+ AB\T MEET+ \R EV]YDAY MAT]IAL NE$S1 AS IF TO DO AWAY ) ECONOMIC CONSID]ATIONS ALTOGE!R4 ,:AT IT DOES MEAN IS REALIZ+ ?AT ! ECONOMY - ! SUBSUMPTION ( ! TOTALITY ( \R NE$S )9 A S+LE1 MONOLI?IC1 GLOBALIZ$ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION - C\LD NEV] BE SQU>$ ) ! P]SEV]ANCE ( LIFE4 ,LEVEL+ ?IS /RUCTURE IS A PROCESS ( RECLAIM+ ! CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE1 PIECE BY PIECE1 BY LOCALIZ+ & DEMASSIFY+ !M4 ,IT'S A CALL TO =M COMMUNES AIM$ AT SELF-SUFFICI5CY1 EA* ( !M /RIV+ TO MEET ITS MAT]IAL NE$S - FOOD1 5]GY1 ACCOMMODATION1 & SO ON - :OLLY )9 ! MEANS ( :AT !Y CAN PRODUCE = !MSELVES4 ,:I* IS A POLITICAL UND]TAK+ AS MU* AS AN ECOLOGICAL ONE1 GIV5 ?AT ! AUTONOMY ( ANY COMMUNITY IS SURELY 9SEP>ABLE FROM IT BE+ ! S\RCE ( ITS [N POT5CY1 ITS [N VITALITY4 ,ANY?+ %ORT ( ?AT RISKS ONE ( TWO ?+S3 EI!R DEP5D5CE ON AN EXT]NAL BODY = Y\R MO/ BASIC NE$S1 OR ELSE ! NECESSITY ( \TW>D EXPANSION1 DEF9$ 9 EQUAL P>TS BY IMP]IALISM & ECOCIDE4 

,MORE SPECIFICALLY1 TAK+ AP>T ! ECONOMY IS SYNONYM\S ) DISMANTL+ ! 9/ITUTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,COMMUNIZ+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION HAS (T5 BE5 RECOGNIZ$ AS ! MAT]IAL BASIS ( HUMAN AUTONOMY1 GIV5 ?AT1 AS LONG AS WE LACK DIRECT ACCESS TO ! RES\RCES NE$$ TO SURVIVE & FL\RI%1 !RE'S NO *OICE BUT TO ACCEPT ! EXPLOITATIVE T]MS ( WORK DICTAT$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,:AT'S MORE R>ELY RECOGNIZ$1 H[EV]1 IS JU/ H[ RELEVANT ! CRITIQUE ( PROP]TY IS TO ! LIB]ATION ( NONHUMAN LIFE4 ,! DOM9ATION ( ANIMALS & ! L& IS FACILITAT$ PRIM>ILY BY !IR LEGAL /ATUS AS HUMAN PROP]TY1 SOME?+ ?AT CONF]S \R MA/]Y OV] !M4 ,ANIMAL LIB]ATION W\LD BE UN?9KABLE )\T PU%+ BACK ! FRONTI]S ( PROP]TY RELATIONS1 AS WAS ! CASE ) RESI/ANCE TO O!R =MS ( SLAV]Y1 9CLUD+ ! TRANS-,ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE & MANY TRADITIONAL =MS ( M>RIAGE4 ,E>? LIB]ATION1 MOREOV]1 DESCRIBES ! COMPLETION ( ?IS HI/ORICAL PROGRESSION1 5TAIL+ ! ABOLITION ( PROP]TY ALTOGE!R4 ,!RE'S NO D\BT ?AT US+ ! L& RESPECTFULLY IS COMPATIBLE ) APPRECIAT+ ITS 9TR9SIC VALUE2 BY CONTRA/1 TREAT+ IT AS PROP]TY - ?AT IS1 [N+ IT - NECESS>ILY DECL>ES AN 9F]IOR /ATUS4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ANIMAL & E>? LIB]ATION1 F> FROM BE+ EV5 SLI<TLY RECONCILABLE ) CAPITALISM1 BEG9 TO LOOK 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! COMMUNI/ PROJECT4 

,AS F> AS DE/ROY+ ! ECONOMY GOES1 ?\<1 ! /ATE W\LD NEV] ALL[ IT4 ,NOT WILL+LY4 ,TO REF] TO ! /ATE AS DI/9CT FROM ! ECONOMY MI<T WELL BE AN OV]/ATEM5T2 AT ! V]Y LEA/1 ! NE$S ( ! ECONOMY CON/ITUTE ITS SUPREME LAW4 ,EV5 AV[$LY RADICAL POLITICAL P>TIES - SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC ALT]NATIVES TO AU/]ITY1 = EXAMPLE - PURPORT TO S]VE ! ECONOMY EV5 BETT] ?AN ! /ATUS QUO ITSELF4 ,NO DEP>TURE FROM ?IS LOGIC IS CONCEIVABLE )9 ! REALM ( POLITICS4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! PRIM>Y ROLE ( ! /ATE HAS ALWAYS BE5 TO SAFEGU>D ! NE$S ( CAPITAL3 IT WAS AT ! =EFRONT ( ! ASSIMILATION ( ! PEASANTRY 9TO ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT1 AS WELL AS ! EXPANSION ( M>KET RELATIONS ACROSS ! GLOBE4 ,:AT Y\ SEE N[ADAYS1 MOREOV]1 IS ! RE9V5TION ( ?IS UNION = ! SECUL> AGE3 :IL/ ! /ATE ONCE TASK$ ITSELF ) REPRES5T+ ! DIV9E WILL1 TODAY IT REPRES5TS ! ECONOMY1 M$IAT+ BETWE5 ! MASSES & ?AT :I* IS SACROSANCT1 KEEP+ \R NE$S LOCK$ 9TO ! GR[?-IMP]ATIVE4 ,!RE'S AN 5DUR+ TEMPTATION TO ?9K ?AT /ATE & ECONOMY CAN SOMEH[ BE SEP>AT$ 7MO/ ,M>XI/S FAVOR ?IS APPROA*1 /ILL S]V+ UP :I*EV] REHEAT$ V>IANT ( ! /ATE SOCIALI/ P>ADOX74 ,& YET1 ( ALL ! /UPID IDEAS TRI$ \T 9 ! LONG1 WE>Y HI/ORY ( CIVILIZATION1 FEW HAVE CLAIM$ MORE LIVES ?AN ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ SYMPA?Y = /ATECRAFT4 ,EI!R ! /ATE & ! ECONOMY >E CONFRONT$ AS ONE1 OR NOT AT ALL4 

,TO BR+ IT BACK TO SOCIAL ECOLOGY ) A SIMPLE SUMM>Y1 TAK+ NONHUMAN LIB]ATION S]I\SLY MEANS LIV+ \R LIVES \TSIDE & AGA9/ ! SY/EM ?AT 5GULFS US4 ,! /ATE & CAPITAL CANNOT BE RE=M$ OR COMPROMIS$ )1 BECAUSE !IRS IS A NATURE ?AT IS FUNDAM5TALLY EXTRA-T]RE/RIAL4 ,NOT 9 ! S5SE1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT !Y ORIG9ATE FROM BEYOND ?IS PLANET1 BUT 9/EAD BECAUSE !IR EXI/5CE IS 9H]5TLY 9COMPATIBLE ) ?AT ( ! E>?4 

,! TIME = TIMID CRITIQUES IS OV]4 ,?IS IS ! MOM5T TO MAKE S]I\S PLANS = DES]TION4 ,AT SU* AN UN=GIV+ MOM5T 9 HI/ORY1 !RE CAN BE NO PRET5SIONS ( NEUTRALITY3 WORK+ = ! ECONOMY CAN ONLY MEAN COMPLICITY 9 \R [N ANNIHILATION4 ,?AT LEAVES EA* ( US ) A VITAL *OICE1 ONE BETWE5 COMPLIANCE ) SOCIAL HI]>*Y & ! P]SEV]ANCE ( LIFE ITSELF4 ,SUDD5LY ! PHRASE 0REVOLUTION OR DEA?10 TAGG$ ON A WALL DUR+ ,TRUMP'S 9AUGURATION1 TAKES ON A :OLE NEW MEAN+4 ,!RE Y\ HAVE IT3 REVOLUTION OR DEA?4 

,9T]CONNECTIONS ( OPPRESSION 

,! LA/ SECTION \TL9$ ! ROOTS ( NONHUMAN DOM9ATION 9 HUMAN DOM9ATION1 ACCORD+ TO ! !ORY ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ,YET TO LEAVE IT AT ?AT FAILS TO ACC\NT = ! CONV]SE RELATION%IP1 NAMELY1 ! S5SE 9 :I* HUMAN DOM9ATION IS EQUALLY PR$ICAT$ ON NONHUMAN DOM9ATION4 ,! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! TWO SPH]ES IS :OLLY RECIPROCAL3 NEI!R PLAYS A MORE 9TEGRAL ROLE 9 ! OV]ALL /RUCTUR+ ( HI]>*Y4 ,:I* IS IMPORTANT TO CL>IFY1 OR ELSE WE RISK SIDEL9+ ! TASK ( NONHUMAN LIB]ATION1 P]HAPS EV5 DEF]R+ IT UNTIL AFT] ! REVOLUTION4 ,?AT W\LD MISS ! PO9T 5TIRELY3 ANIMAL & E>? LIB]ATION CAN'T BE DEALT ) AFT]W>DS1 PRECISELY BECAUSE !IR LIB]ATION IS ! REVOLUTION4 ,TO PRIORITIZE HUMAN LIB]ATION OV] NONHUMAN LIB]ATION 5SURES WE'LL GET NEI!R4 

,?IS HORIZONTAL EMPHASIS IS DI/9CTLY MISS+ = ,BOOK*94 ,ACCORD+ TO HIM1 HI]>*IES BETWE5 HUMANS >OSE FIR/ HI/ORICALLY1 ) HI]>*IES OV] NONHUMANS ONLY LAT] EM]G+ AS A CONSEQU5CE !RE(4 ,) SOME:AT COMICAL IRONY1 !RE=E1 ,BOOK*9 REJECT$ CLASS R$UCTIONISM ONLY TO REPLACE IT ) AN EQUALLY DANG]\S V>IANT3 ! IDEA ?AT ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS >E A M]E SUBSIDI>Y ( SOCIAL PROBLEMS1 UNWOR?Y ( CONC]N 9 !IR [N RI<T4 ,TO BE FAIR1 ! FACT HE SP5T SO MU* TIME DISCUSS+ ECOLOGY IS ALREADY A CLE> IMPROVEM5T ON ,M>X1 = :OM ! TOPIC WAS PRETTY MU* ABS5T4 ,YET ,BOOK*9 /ILL NEV] TREAT$ NONHUMAN LIB]ATION AS AN 5D 9 ITSELF3 ECOLOGICAL DOM9ATION WAS DESCRIB$ :OLLY 9 T]MS ( ! PROBLEMS IT POSES = HUMANITY1 :IL/ ! DOM9ATION ( ANIMALS WASN'T DISCUSS$ AT ALL4 ,?IS CORRESPOND$ ) A CONSI/5T REFUSAL TO 5GAGE HONE/LY EI!R ) DEEP ECOLOGY OR ANTI-SPECIESISM1 LEAV+ SOCIAL ECOLOGY ) A SUBTLY AN?ROPOC5TRIC 9T]IOR4 ,APP>5TLY \R TREATM5T ( NONHUMANS JU/ WASN'T CONSID]$ A =M ( OPPRESSION 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 

,BOOK*9 NEV] EV5 CONSID]$ ! POSSIBILITY1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT SPECIESISM MI<T ACTUALLY HAVE BE5 ! FIR/ HI]>*Y 7C]TA9LY ! FIR/ =M ( PREJUDICE7 TO BECOME 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ 9 MANY PRE-CIVILIZ$ COMMUNITIES MILL5NIA AGO4 ,YET ! PR$ATION ( NONHUMAN ANIMALS WAS SURELY VITAL = EV]YDAY SURVIVAL - = PRODUC+ ?+S LIKE FOOD & CLO?+ - 9 A WAY ?AT O!R =MS ( HI]>*Y1 LIKE ?OSE BAS$ ON G5D] OR AGE1 SIMPLY W]E NOT4 ,9 O!R COMMUNITIES1 ( C\RSE1 WE MI<T WELL SUSPECT ?AT HI]>*IES BETWE5 HUMANS CRY/ALLIZ$ FIR/4 ,BUT ?IS IS EXACTLY ! PO9T3 ! DEVELOPM5T ( HI]>*Y ?R\<\T ! GLOBE WAS SURELY QUITE MESSY1 SOME?+ ?AT UNIV]SALLY /AT+ ! PRIMACY ( HUMAN HI]>*Y GROSSLY OV]SIMPLIFIES4 

,?IS ?READ W>RANTS FOLL[+3 ONCE Y\ BEG9 TO S]I\SLY CONSID] ! HI/ORICAL SIGNIFICANCE ( NONHUMAN DOM9ATION1 \R CAPACITY TO UND]/& ! DOM9ATION ( HUMANS DEEP5S PR(\NDLY4 ,Y\ MI<T EV5 SAY WE'RE (F]$ ! MISS+ PIECE ( ! PUZZLE4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT CASES TO CONSID] H]E IS ! ADV5T ( CIVILIZATION ITSELF1 NAMELY1 ! 9V5TION ( MASS CULTURE BAS$ >\ND CITIES & AGRICULTURE4 ,?+S W]5'T ALWAYS ?IS WAY3 ( ! R\<LY #b1 YE>S 9 :I* HUMAN BE+S HAVE EXI/$1 ! VA/ MAJORITY W]E LIV$ \T 9 SMALL GR\PS ( NOMADIC GA!R]-HUNT]S ?AT LACK$ ANY NOTIONS ( ! /ATE1 CLASS1 MONEY1 BORD]S1 PRISONS1 LAWS1 OR POLICE4 ,IT WAS ONLY AT >\ND #a1 ,B,C1 9 ,MESOPOTAMIA1 MOD]N DAY ,IRAQ1 ?AT !SE =MS ( LIFE - SOMETIMES DESCRIB$ AS 0PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM0 - BEGAN TO BE SUP]S$$ BY ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,AGRICULTURE 9ITIAT$ ! WIDESPREAD CULTIVATION ( CROPS & DOME/ICATION ( NONHUMAN ANIMALS1 G5]AT+ A SURPLUS ( RES\RCES ?AT 5C\RAG$ CITIES TO DEVELOP & HUMAN POPULATIONS TO RISE4 ,H]E WE SEE ! 9V5TION ( MASS PRODUCTION1 IF NOT ! ECONOMY ITSELF1 ALONG ) ! ASC5SION ( ! QUANTITATIVE1 CALCULAT+1 EXPANSIONI/ MODE ( P]CEPTION OV] HUMAN CULTURE1 ! ABILITY TO UND]/& VALUE ONLY 9 T]MS ( ! POT5TIAL = EXPLOITATION4 ,?IS %IFT ALSO PROVOK$ ! DEF9ITIVE EM]G5CE ( ! UGLIE/ FEATURES ( \R BEHAVIOR1 9CLUD+ SLAV]Y1 IMP]IALISM1 & G5OCIDE - (T5 MI/AK5 AS BRUTE \TCOMES ( HUMAN NATURE4 ,TO CLAIM ?AT CIVILIZATION GAVE RISE TO HI]>*Y ITSELF MI<T BE AN OV]/ATEM5T1 GIV5 ?AT RUDIM5T>Y HI]>*IES SEEM TO EXI/ AMONG SOME 7AL?\< BY NO MEANS ALL7 NON-CIVILIZ$ PEOPLES /ILL SCATT]$ >\ND ! GLOBE TODAY4 ,:AT CIVILIZATION DID MEAN1 H[EV]1 WAS ! 9T5SIFICATION ( HI]>*Y BEYOND ALL COMPREH5SION1 ALL[+ IT TO GR[ MORE VIOL5T1 OV]BE>+1 & 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ ?AN HAD EV] BE5 EV5 REMOTELY POSSIBLE4 ,IT WAS ?US ) GOOD REASON ?AT ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN1 FOLL[+ ,?OMAS ,HOBBES1 DESCRIB$ ?IS >TIFICIAL BEA/ AS 0,LEVIA?AN40 

,:AT NE$S TO BE EMPHASIZ$ IS JU/ H[ DEEPLY !SE CULTURAL *ANGES W]E ROOT$ 9 ! DOM9ATION ( NONHUMANS4 ,AS ( YET1 NON-CIVILIZ$ PEOPLES (F] SOME ( ! FEW EXAMPLES ( G5U9ELY SU/A9ABLE1 ECOLOGICALLY H>MONI\S HUMAN COMMUNITIES2 ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,REVOLUTION1 BY CONTRA/1 CAN BE SUMM>IZ$ MA9LY 9 T]MS ( ! R$EF9ITION ( HUMAN NE$S 9 OPPOSITION TO ?OSE ( ! WILD4 ,NO LONG] WAS ! WORLD CONCEIV$ ( AS AN UNDIVID$ :OLE1 BUT 9/EAD AS SOME?+ TO BE C>V$ UP & EXPLOIT$4 ,! L& WAS ALT]$ DRAMATICALLY1 DRIV5 T[>DS SATISFY+ ! NE$S ( ONE SPECIES AMONG BILLIONS2 WILD ANIMALS1 MEAN:ILE1 W]E CONF9$1 TORTUR$1 & G5ETICALLY ALT]$ BEYOND RECOGNITION4 ,NATURE H]SELF1 ONCE UND]/OOD AS ! MO!R ( US ALL1 WAS BETRAY$ & DEGRAD$1 RECA/ 9/EAD AS SOME?+ DIRTY & EVIL4 ,:IL/ EV]Y?+ ,LEVIA?AN T\*$ SOON TURN$ TO DU/3 ! ONCE V]DANT1 ECOLOGICALLY DIV]SE L&SCAPES ( ,MESOPOTAMIA1 ! ,LEVANT1 ,NOR? ,AFRICA1 & ,GREECE W]E TRANS=M$ L>GELY 9TO DES]TS BY A COMB9ATION ( MONOCROPP+1 CATTLE GRAZ+1 & LOGG+1 NEV] AGA9 TO RETURN TO !IR =M] /ATE ( UNTAM$ ABUNDANCE4 

,! 9T]PLAY BETWE5 NONHUMAN & HUMAN DOM9ATION ALSO OCCURR$ 9 A NUMB] ( EV5 MORE DIRECT WAYS4 ,H]DS ( LIVE/OCK1 AS WELL AS SURPLUSES ( /OR$ GRA91 W]E LIKELY ! FIR/ 9/ANCES BO? ( CAPITAL & PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( AGRICULTURE SAW ! DIVISION ( LABOR 9T5SIFY AS WELL1 ) ?OSE :O [N$ NATURAL RES\RCES =M+ ! ORIG9AL RUL+ CLASS1 & ?OSE :O WORK$ !M - N[ DISPOSSESS$ ( ! MEANS ( G5]AT+ !IR [N N\RI%M5T - =M+ ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! 9V5TION ( ! /ATE SIMULTANE\SLY BECAME NECESS>Y TO 5=CE ?IS DI/9CTION BETWE5 9CLUD$ & EXCLUD$4 ,MOREOV]1 IT'S SURELY NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ! REGION ( ,SUM]1 ,MESOPOTAMIA1 SAW NOT ONLY ! 9V5TION ( WIDESPREAD ANIMAL DOME/ICATION1 BUT ALSO ! E>LIE/ KN[N 9/ANCES ( HUMAN SLAV]Y2 PRESUMABLY ! =M] NORMALIZ$ PRACTICES SU* AS CONF9EM5T & =C$ LABOR1 5ABL+ !M TO BE APPLI$ MORE EASILY TO M>G9ALIZ$ HUMAN GR\PS1 ESPECIALLY DEFEAT$ =EIGN]S4 ,! EXPANSION ( ,LEVIA?AN 9TO NEW >EAS W\LD ALSO HAVE BE5 UN?9KABLE )\T ! SURPLUS ( FOOD & RIS+ POPULATIONS G5]AT$ BY AGRICULTURE4 ,JU/ AS ?OSE CIVILIZATIONS MO/ ADEPT AT ANIMAL DOME/ICATION1 P>TICUL>LY 9 S]VICE ( W>F>E & TRANSPORTATION1 POSSESS$ ! MILIT>Y $GE NECESS>Y TO SUBDUE !SE >EAS MO/ EFFECTIVELY4 

,A SIMIL> /ORY HAS PLAY$ \T ?R\<\T HI/ORY1 ESPECIALLY ) RESPECT TO ! PRACTICE ( COLONIALISM4 ,SOME ( ! MO/ DEF9ITIVE EXAMPLES H]E W]E SIGNIFICANTLY ROOT$ 9 ! DOM9ATION ( ANIMALS & ! L&4 ,! EXT]M9ATION ( ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS L>GELY BAS$ 9 AN 9T]E/ 9 EXP&+ ! 9T]NATIONAL TRADE ( LEA!R1 WOOL1 & FUR4 ,! ,MEXICAN-,AM]ICAN ,W> WAS SIGNIFICANTLY MOTIVAT$ BY ! PR(ITABILITY ( ACQUIR+ GRAZ+ L& = CATTLE1 AS ) ! ,BRITI% COLONIZATION ( ,IREL& OV] ! C5TURIES4 ,9 FACT1 ?IS !ME IS NO LESS NOTICEABLE TODAY2 JU/ LOOK AT ! REC5T ATTEMPT BY ,%ELL TO SUBDUE ! ,OGONI PEOPLE ( ,NIG]IA1 OR ! CON/RUCTION ( ! ,DAKOTA ,ACCESS ,PIPEL9E ?R\< ,/&+ ,ROCK - BO? PROJECTS ( ! OIL 9DU/RY4 ,SOME?+ SIMIL> CAN BE SAID AB\T ! CREEP+ G5OCIDES CURR5TLY OCCURR+ 9 ,WE/ ,PAPUA & ! ,AMAZON1 MOTIVAT$ AS !Y >E MA9LY BY AN 9T]E/ 9 EXTRACT+ NATURAL RES\RCES4 ,! HI/ORY ( COLONIALISM1 9 %ORT1 HAS ALWAYS 9TIMATELY COMB9$ ! SUBJUGATION ( HUMANS1 ANIMALS1 & ! E>?4 

,! KEY CONCEPTUAL L9KS BETWE5 HUMAN & NONHUMAN DOM9ATION %\LD ALSO BE EMPHASIZ$4 ,EC(EM9I/S HAVE LONG S9CE NOTIC$ ?AT PATRI>*Y IS SIGNIFICANTLY ROOT$ 9 A DISDA9 = ! NATURAL WORLD1 ESPECIALLY ! ATTEMPT TO *>ACT]IZE WOM5 AS BE+ IRRATIONAL1 & !REBY SOMEH[ LESS HUMAN ?AN M54 ,! SAME CAN BE SAID ( :ITE SUPREMACY1 GIV5 ?AT IT T5DS TO TREAT NON-:ITES 7ESPECIALLY NON-CIVILIZ$ PEOPLES7 AS BE+ IRRATIONAL1 WILD1 OR SAVAGE1 & !REBY ( LESS] MORAL /ATUS4 ,! MORAL EXCLUSION ( V>I\S MEMB]S ( ! HUMAN RACE - WOM51 NON-:ITES1 ! DISABL$1 & SO ON - HAS ALWAYS BE5 TI<TLY B\ND UP ) !IR DEHUMANIZATION4 

,Y\ CAN TRACE SU* ASSOCIATIONS BACK AS F> AS Y\ LIKE4 ,9 ! ,WE/1 AN?ROPOC5TRISM PROBABLY F9DS ITS MO/ 9FLU5TIAL EXPRESSION 9 :AT M$IEVAL ,*RI/IAN !OLOGIANS1 FOLL[+ ,PLATO & ,>I/OTLE1 T]M$ ! 0,GREAT ,*A9 ( ,BE+40 ,?IS CATEGORIZ$ ! 5TIRETY ( ! UNIV]SE 9 HI]>*ICAL T]MS1 ) EA* ASPECT ( BE+ SUPPOS$LY EXI/+ = ! SAKE ( ITS MA/]4 ,! *A9 LEADS D[N ALONG A SCALE ( LESS] P]FECTION1 />T+ ) ,GOD1 !N GO+ ?R\< ANGELS1 K+S1 LORDS1 S]FS1 ANIMALS1 PLANTS1 & 5D+ ) 9ANIMATE MATT]4 ,?IS S*EME WAS DECISIVE 9 LEGITIMIZ+ ! MIS]Y WR\<T BY ! FEUDAL SY/EM2 NO LESS1 ! V]Y F\NDATION ( ! /RUCTURE WAS HUMAN SUPREMACY1 DIV9ELY ORDA9$ 9 ONE & ! SAME MOVEM5T4 

,MAKE NO MI/AKE3 AN?ROPOC5TRISM HAS PLAY$ AN 9TEGRAL P>T 9 SOME ( ! D>KE/ MOM5TS ( HUMAN HI/ORY1 EV5 JU/ 9 REC5T MEMORY4 ,9 #a#i#d#c1 = EXAMPLE1 ,W9/ON ,*UR*ILL ATTEMPT$ TO JU/IFY A FAM9E 9 ,B5GAL - :OLLY AVOIDABLE1 YET KILL+ MILLIONS - BY BLAM+ IT ON LOCALS = 0BRE$+ LIKE RABBITS40 ,PRIOR TO ! ,RW&AN G5OCIDE1 #a#i#i#d1 ,LEON ,MUGES]A US$ A DECISIVE SPEE* TO *>ACT]IZE ! ,TUTSIS AS 0COCKROA*ES0 LIABLE = EXT]M9ATION4 ,9 #b#a#e1 AS REFUGEES FLEE+ W> F\ND !MSELVES MET ) ! GUNS & B>B$ WIRE ( \R PR\D CIVILIZATION1 ,DAVID ,CAM]ON DESCRIB$ AS 0SW>MS0 ?OSE DR[N+ 9 ! ,M$IT]RANEAN4 ,JU/ AS ,DONALD ,TRUMP1 9 #b#a#h1 ATTEMPT$ TO RATIONALIZE ! BRUTALIZATION ( MIGRANTS AT ! ,U,S BORD] ON ! BASIS ?AT 0!SE >5'T PEOPLE1 !Y'RE ANIMALS40 ,?IS K9D ( LANGUAGE - SPECIESI/ AT ITS CORE - IS SO (T5 LURK+ B5EA? ! OPPRESSION ( HUMAN GR\PS4 ,AL?\<1 TO (F] A F9AL EXAMPLE1 ITS P]FECTION WAS SURELY ATTA9$ ONLY 9 ! =M ( ,NAZI EUG5ICS1 C]TA9LY 9 T]MS ( ! RIGOR\S =MALIZATION ( SU* ASSOCIATIONS BO? 9 SCI5CE & 9 LAW4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 ! P]SECUTION & MASS MURD] ( ,JEWS1 ,SLAVS1 ,ROMA1 HOMOSEXUALS1 & ! DISABL$ WAS BAS$ ON !IR CLASSIFICATION AS LIT]AL SUBHUMANS2 ! LOGIC 9T]NAL TO ! ,HOLOCAU/1 9 O!R WORDS1 WAS MAJORLY F\ND$ UPON A SPECIESI/ BASE4 ,9 SO MANY CASES1 COMMITT+ ATROCITIES AGA9/ HUMAN GR\PS MEANS TAK+ = GRANT$ ! /ATUS ( NONHUMANS AS ! L[E/ ( ! L[4 ,ONLY BY FIR/ ATTACK+ ! MO/ VULN]ABLE AMONG US DO OPPRESSIVE PRACTICES GA9 ! BREA?+ SPACE NECESS>Y TO EXP&4 

,9 SUM1 NO AXIS ( DOM9ATION CAN BE PASS$ (F AS SECOND>Y COMP>$ TO ! O!RS4 ,EV5 IF WE'RE A LONG WAY FROM UND]/&+ H[ ALL ! P>TS FIT TOGE!R1 :AT %\LD BE CLE> IS ?AT NEI!R CLASS1 NOR HUMAN RELATIONS 9 G5]AL1 >E SOMEH[ PRIM>Y )9 ! IMM5SE TANGLE ( HI]>*IES WE 9HABIT TODAY4 ,9 ESS5CE1 !RE'S ONLY ONE VICTIM :5 IT COMES TO ! HORROR WR\<T BY ! SY/EM3 LIFE ITSELF4 ,:E!R IT'S A QUE/ION ( ! SUICIDE NETT+ SURR\ND+ I,PHONE FACTORIES1 ! FUTILE PANIC ( ANIMALS 9 ! VIVISECTION LAB1 OR ! DEA?LY SIL5CE ( A CLE>-CUT =E/1 ANY REALLY SUBV]SIVE DISC\RSE 5DS UP PUTT+ EV]Y?+ 9TO QUE/ION4 

,A TOTAL LIB]ATION E?IC 

,MAY #a#c1 #a#i#h#e1 ,WE/ ,PHILADELPHIA4 ,! ,PHILADELPHIA ,POLICE ,=CE LAUN* A DAWN RAID ON A SUBURBAN H\SE1 BUT CLE>LY ! OCCUPANTS HAVE NO 9T5TION TO LEAVE4 ,OV] ! C\RSE ( ! MORN+1 AB\T #e COPS FIRE OV] #a1 R\NDS ( AMMUNITION AT ! H\SE1 COMB9$ ) 5DLESS VOLLEYS ( TE> GAS & EV5 ANTI-TANK R\NDS4 ,! OCCUPANTS HOLD \T ALL ! WAY 9TO ! AFT]NOON1 AT :I* PO9T ! /ATE MAKES ! DECISION TO BOMB !M ) A MILIT>Y HELICOPT]4 ,F\R P\NDS ( PLA/IC EXPLOSIVES >E DROPP$ ONTO ! RO(1 :I* SOON RESULTS 9 A VICI\S BLAZE1 YET ! POLICE COMMISSION] ORD]S ! FIRE DEP>TM5T TO KEEP WELL AWAY4 ,! H\SE BURNS D[N1 ALONG ) #fe O!RS 9 ! 7PR$OM9ANTLY BLACK7 NEI<BORHOOD4 ,ONLY TWO ( ! OCCUPANTS SURVIVE1 ) ELEV5 ( !M - 9CLUD+ FIVE *ILDR5 - FAIL+ TO \TLA/ ! DAY4 

,?OSE DEF5D+ ! H\SE W]E A GR\P CALL$ ,M,O,V,E4 ,=M$ 9 #a#i#g#b1 ,M,O,V,E W]E DEF9$ BY !IR COMB9ATION ( BLACK LIB]ATION & >M$ /RUGGLE ) VEGANISM & DEEP ECOLOGY4 ,! GR\P ALSO BALANC$ A FOCUS ON 9DIVIDUAL CAMPAIGNS1 SU* AS ?OSE AGA9/ LOCAL ZOOS & POLICE BRUTALITY1 ) A BROAD] EMPHASIS ON BUILD+ COMMUNITY AUTONOMY4 ,! /ATEM5TS ?AT \TLIVE ITS F\ND]1 ,JOHN ,AFRICA1 SPEAK = !MSELVES1 AS ) HIS CLAIM ?AT 0,REVOLUTION MEANS TOTAL *ANGE1 A COMPLETE DISSOCIATION FROM EV]Y?+ ?AT IS CAUS+ ! PROBLEMS Y\ >E REVOLT+ AGA9/10 AS WELL AS ! GR\P'S ASS]TION ?AT !Y W]E FI<T+ = 0A REVOLUTION TO /OP MAN'S SY/EM FROM IMPOS+ ON LIFE1 TO /OP 9DU/RY FROM POISON+ ! AIR1 WAT]1 & SOIL & TO PUT AN 5D TO ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ALL LIFE40 ,AFRICA HAPP5$ UPON BIOC5TRISM1 TOO1 EV5 BE=E ,NAESS HAD WRITT5 ON ! TOPIC1 AS IS CONFIRM$ BY HIS CLAIM ?AT 0,ALL LIV+ BE+S1 ?+S ?AT MOVE1 >E EQUALLY IMPORTANT1 :E!R !Y >E HUMAN BE+S1 DOGS1 BIRDS1 FI%1 TREES1 ANTS1 WE$S1 RIV]S1 W9D OR RA940 ,9 ! HI/ORY ( SOCIAL /RUGGLE 9 ! ,WE/1 ,M,O,V,E W]E P]HAPS ! FIR/ TO COMMIT 9 EQUAL P>TS TO ! LIB]ATION ( HUMANS1 ANIMALS1 & ! E>?4 

,DESPITE BE+ L>GELY CRU%$ BY ! /ATE1 REV]B]ATIONS ( ,M,O,V,E'S /RUGGLE HAVE BE5 PICK$ UP H]E & !RE1 GA9+ PACE4 ,A COMP>ABLE E?IC SURFAC$ AMONG ! ,ZAPATI/A ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,>MY1 A GR\P COMPRIS$ MA9LY ( 9DIG5\S ,MAYA FI<T+ = L& RI<TS4 ,ON ,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#i#d1 ! ,ZAPATI/AS DECL>$ W> ON ! ,MEXICAN /ATE1 ON ! V]Y DAY ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,FREE ,TRADE ,AGREEM5T CAME 9TO =CE4 ,!Y SEIZ$ L>GE >EAS ( ! /ATE ( ,*IAPAS1 9CLUD+ ! KEY CITY ( ,SAN ,CRI/OBAL DE ,LAS ,CASAS1 IMM$IATELY COLLECTIVIZ+ ! L&4 ,DESPITE EV5TUALLY BE+ =C$ 9TO RETREAT BY ! ,MEXICAN >MY1 ! REBELS W]E ABLE TO HOLD UP 9 ! M\NTA9S1 CONSOLIDAT+ CONTROL OV] MANY ( !IR [N RURAL COMMUNITIES4 ,TO ?IS DAY1 ! AUTONOMY C>V$ \T BY ! ,ZAPATI/AS AMID ! ,LAC&ON ,JUNGLE HAS BE5 SUCCESSFULLY MA9TA9$1 DESPITE NUM]\S 9CURSIONS AT ! H&S ( ! /ATE4 ,:I* REMA9S AN ECOLOGICAL /RUGGLE AS MU* AS ANY?+3 FROM ! \TSET1 ! ,ZAPATI/AS EMPHASIZ$ ?AT !IR [N LIB]ATION AS 9DIG5\S PEOPLE WAS ONE & ! SAME ) ! LIB]ATION ( ! L&4 

,! FRONT OP5$ UP BY ! ,ZAPATI/AS WAS >GUABLY BUT ONE 9 A MU* L>G] /RUGGLE1 NAMELY1 ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T4 ,PEAK+ 9 9T5SITY >\ND ! TURN ( ! C5TURY1 ?IS WORLDWIDE /RUGGLE SAW DIV]SE P>TICIPANTS - WORK]S1 /UD5TS1 9DIG5\S PEOPLES1 RADICAL 5VIRONM5TALI/S1 ANIMAL RI<TS ACTIVI/S - UNITE >\ND A %>$ 9T]E/ 9 OPPOS+ ! EXPANSION ( GLOBAL F9ANCE4 ,! 9T]NATIONAL SUMMITS ( ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ! ,G#h & ! ,WORLD ,TRADE ,ORGANIZATION W]E ! OBVI\S T>GETS1 ) SOME ( ! MO/ SPECTACUL> FLA%PO9TS 9CLUD+ ,SEATTLE #a#i#i#i1 ,PRAGUE #b1 & ,G5OA #b#a4 ,9 MANY CASES1 MOREOV]1 SUP]FICIAL CRITIQUES ( GLOBALIZATION & IMP]IALISM DEEP5$ 9TO RESOLUTE REJECTIONS ( CAPITALISM ALTOGE!R1 EV5 IF A FREQU5T \TCOME WAS AN 9EBRIAT$ EXPECTATION ( SOME IMM95T WORLD REVOLUTION4 ,& :IL/ ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T IS N[ L>GELY BEH9D US1 IT CONT9UES TO (F] A LEGACY FOCUS$ >\ND A GR& CONV]G5CE ( /RUGGLES1 SOME?+ VITAL = TAK+ ?+S =W>D4 

,! '#iS ALSO SAW ,E>? ,FIR/6 MOVE T[>DS A /EADFA/ REJECTION ( ALL OPPRESSIONS1 DROPP+ ! MA*ISMO & PATRIOTISM ?AT HAD BE5 PRES5T 9 SOME ( ! E>LI] DAYS4 ,SU* A BROAD5+ 9 EMPHASIS WAS P>TICUL>LY EVID5T 9 ! WRIT+S & ACTIVISM ( ,U,S MEMB] ,JUDI ,B>I1 :O PLAC$ SIGNIFICANT EMPHASIS ON ! NE$ = ,E>? ,FIR/6 TO REA* \T TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 9CLUD+ TIMB] WORK]S4 ,?IS M>K$ ! >RIVAL AT A DI/9CTLY REVOLUTION>Y TAKE ON ECO-DEF5SE1 ONE 9=M$ BY SOCIAL ECOLOGY AS MU* AS DEEP ECOLOGY4 

,>\ND ! SAME TIME1 ! ,A,L,F & ,E,L,F ALSO BEGAN WORK+ EV] MORE CLOSELY TOGE!R1 ) ! TWO MOVEM5TS BECOM+ 9DI/+UI%ABLE 9 MANY C\NTRIES4 ,! SAME ACTIVI/S W\LD (T5 P>TICIPATE 9 BO? FRONTS1 M]ELY SWAPP+ BANN]S TO SUIT ! SPECIFICS ( AN ACTION1 :IL/ !IR ABOVEGR\ND NETWORKS M+L$ GREATLY4 ,NOT ONLY ?AT1 ! COMMUNIQUES PUBLI%$ BY V>I\S CELLS BEGAN MAK+ 9CREAS$ REF]5CE TO ! /ATE & CAPITAL1 CONFIRM+ A FOCUS ?AT HAD %IFT$ FROM T>GETT+ SPECIFIC 9DU/RIES T[>DS ATTACK+ ! SY/EM AS A :OLE4 ,ONE COMMUNIQUE1 PUBLI%$ DUR+ ! BEG9N+ ( ,E,L,F ACTIVITY 9 ! ,U,S1 REMA9S ESPECIALLY MEMORABLE3 

,WELCOME TO ! /RUGGLE ( ALL SPECIES TO BE FREE4 ,WE >E ! BURN+ RAGE ( ?IS DY+ PLANET4 ,! W> ( GRE$ RAVAGES ! E>? & SPECIES DIE \T EV]Y DAY4 ,E,L,F WORKS TO SPE$ UP ! COLLAPSE ( 9DU/RY1 TO SC>E ! RI*1 & TO UND]M9E ! F\NDATIONS ( ! /ATE4 ,WE EMBRACE SOCIAL & DEEP ECOLOGY AS A PRACTICAL RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T4 7,BELTANE1 #a#i#i#g7 

,DIV]SE ?\< !Y >E1 !SE DEVELOPM5TS HELP EXPLA9 SOME?+ QUITE /RIK+3 AT SOME PO9T DUR+ ! LA/ C\PLE ( DECADES1 V>I\S RADICAL ANIMAL RI<TS & 5VIRONM5TAL ACTIVI/S COMMITT$ TO EXCE$+ S+LE-ISSUE CAMPAIGN+ 9 FAVOR ( A HOLI/IC1 REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALL =MS ( HI]>*Y4 ,AS ,/EVE ,BE/ PUTS IT1 0IT IS IMP]ATIVE ?AT WE NO LONG] SPEAK ( HUMAN LIB]ATION1 ANIMAL LIB]ATION1 OR E>? LIB]ATION AS IF !Y W]E 9DEP5D5T /RUGGLES1 BUT RA!R ?AT WE TALK 9/EAD ( TOTAL LIB]ATION0 7,! ,POLITICS ( ,TOTAL ,LIB]ATION1 #b#a#d74 ,NO 9/ANCE ( OPPRESSION CAN BE UND]/OOD 9 SEP>ATION FROM ! :OLE3 DIFF]5T HI]>*IES 9T]ACT ) ONE ANO!R PR(\NDLY1 FACILITAT+ ! DOM9ATION ( ONE GR\P - HUMAN OR NONHUMAN - 9 VIRTUE ( ! DOM9ATION ( ALL O!RS4 ,& SO1 TOO1 ALL G5U9E LIB]ATION /RUGGLES MU/ RECOGNIZE ?AT1 F> FROM HAV+ DISCONNECT$ GOALS1 EA* ( !M DEP5DS ON ! SUCCESS ( ! O!R4 

,EV5 ?\< SPECIFIC CIRCUM/ANCES 9EVITABLY CON/RA9 :AT WE CAN DO AS 9DIVIDUALS1 SU* EF=TS MU/ BE SITUAT$ )9 A %>$ PROJECT ?AT GREATLY EXCE$S \R ISOLATION4 ,?AT MEANS LE>N+ H[ TO REA* \T BEYOND ! CURR5T MILIEU 9 MEAN+FUL WAYS2 IT ALSO MEANS IMPROV+ \R [N PRACTICES TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE = \TSID]S TO REA* BACK4 ,! PO9T ISN'T TO SUBSUME ! /RUGGLE 9TO A S+LE ORGANIZATION1 A S+LE ID5TITY1 BUT 9/EAD TO 9CREASE ! D5SITY ( TIES BETWE5 ITS V>I\S FRONTS1 N\RI%+ ! /RATEGIC ALLIANCES & NETWORKS ( MUTUAL AID NECESS>Y TO LEAVE ! COMMON 5EMY 9 RU9S4 

,!RE CAN BE NO QUICK FIXES H]E4 ,NO UTOPIAS1 P]HAPS NO CULM9ATIONS AT ALL4 ,TRU? BE TOLD1 NONE ( US >E LIKELY TO WITNESS A TOTALLY LIB]AT$ WORLD - ?AT IS1 A PLANET 5TIRELY FREE ( HI]>*Y4 ,NOR CAN WE BE SURE1 FROM ! CURR5T /&PO9T1 IF SU* A ?+ IS EV5 POSSIBLE4 ,!RE'S NO KN[+ :AT1 IF ANY?+1 IS AT ! TOP ( ! HILL2 ! BEAUTY ( ! /RUGGLE1 H[EV]1 IS REALIZ$ 9 ! V]Y ACT ( CLIMB+4 ,TOTAL LIB]ATION ISN'T M]ELY A DE/9ATION1 AS IF TO SEP>ATE ! 5D GOAL FROM H[ WE LIVE \R LIVES 9 ! PRES5T4 ,NO1 TOTAL LIB]ATION IS AN IMM$IATE PROCESS4 ,IT'S ! PROCESS ( CONFRONT+ P[] NOT AS SOME?+ DISCONNECT$1 BUT 9/EAD AS A TOTALITY4 ,IT'S ONE'S REFUSAL TO CONDONE ANY NOTIONS ( A F9AL FRONTI] - NOT N[1 NOT EV]4 ,IF ANY?+ ABSOLUTE CAN BE KN[N AB\T SU* A /RUGGLE1 IT'S ?AT IT NEV] 5DS4 ,BUT ASK NOT :AT TOTAL LIB]ATION CAN DO = US 9 A HUNDR$ YE>S3 ! PO9T IS TO REALIZE ITS FULL 9T5SITY ALREADY N[4 

,IT SEEMS EV]Y G5]ATION ?9KS !IRS WILL BE ! MO/ REM>KABLE1 YET \RS MI<T JU/ BE ! FIR/ ?AT TURNS \T TO BE RI<T4 ,TO SAY ?IS C5TURY IS ! MO/ CRUCIAL \R SPECIES HAS EV] FAC$ IS ACTUALLY AN UND]/ATEM5T3 WE'RE DEAL+ ) ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT CRISIS LIFE 9 G5]AL HAS FAC$1 EV5 AMID BILLIONS ( YE>S ( EVOLUTION4 ,WE'VE 5T]$ ! SIX? P]IOD ( GLOBAL EXT9CTION1 ?IS ONE ! FIR/ CAUS$ BY A S+LE SPECIES ( ANIMAL4 ,! RATE ( EXT9CTION AMONG PLANTS & ANIMALS IS AT LEA/ #a1 TIMES FA/] ?AN BE=E \R >RIVAL ON ! SC5E4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY ( WILD ANIMALS HAVE ALREADY BE5 KILL$ (F4 ,& ?AT 9CLUDES #i.0 ( L>GE FI% VANI%+ FROM ! OCEANS4 ,FROM ! AIR WE BREA!1 TO ! WAT] WE DR9K - FROM ! HI<E/ M\NTA9 PEAK1 TO ! DEEPE/ ( OCEAN TR5*ES - ! FIL? ( ?IS CIVILIZATION P]VADES IT ALL4 ,TO BE CLE>1 ! APOCALYPSE ISN'T SOME?+ =ETOLD BY A PR$ICTION3 IT IS ALREADY H]E4 

,DEA?1 ( C\RSE1 IS FUNDAM5TAL TO ECOLOGICAL WELLBE+1 BECAUSE LIFE C\LD NEV] BE SU/A9$ )\T DE/RUCTION & R5EWAL4 ,YET ! K9D ( DEA? ! SY/EM BR+S ISN'T 9 ! SLI<TE/ A MATT] ( BALANCE1 BUT 9/EAD SIMPLY ( WIP+ \T4 ,SOCIAL HI]>*Y IS FUNDAM5TALLY AT ODDS ) ! V]Y BASICS ( ORGANIC DEVELOPM5T1 9CLUD+ DIV]SITY1 SPONTANEITY1 & DEC5TRALIZATION4 ,!RE'S NO LONG] ANY D\BT ?AT ! SY/EM WILL CRA%1 & H>D4 ,! IMPORTANT ?+ LEFT TO CONSID] IS M]ELY H[ BE/ TO SPE$ UP ! PROCESS1 M9IMIZ+ ! SUFF]+ YET TO BE WR\<T1 MAXIMIZ+ ! POT5TIAL = LIFE TO REG5]ATE \TSIDE ?IS UNFA?OMABLE MESS4 

,NO COMPROMISE ) ! SY/EM ( DEA?4 ,TOXIC WA/E CANNOT BE MADE NUTRITI\S1 NOR CAN !IR IDEA ( LIFE BE MADE LIVABLE4 ,\R REVOLUTION>Y TASK CAN ONLY BE ! CREATION ( \R [N WORLDS1 DE/ROY+ !IRS 9 ! PROCESS4 ,?IS IS EXACTLY ! HI/ORICAL MOM5T WE W]E BORN TO 9HABIT3 ! APOCALYPSE IS ALREADY H]E1 YET ! EXT5T TO :I* IT DEEP5S IS QUITE ! OP5 QUE/ION4 ,ANYONE :O LI/5S C>EFULLY CAN HE> ! CALL4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c#a1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/